EP2750928A1 - Vehicle for the refrigerated transport of products the energy consumption of which is improved by incorporating a phase-change material into the walls of the vehicle body - Google Patents

Vehicle for the refrigerated transport of products the energy consumption of which is improved by incorporating a phase-change material into the walls of the vehicle body

Info

Publication number
EP2750928A1
EP2750928A1 EP12750464.5A EP12750464A EP2750928A1 EP 2750928 A1 EP2750928 A1 EP 2750928A1 EP 12750464 A EP12750464 A EP 12750464A EP 2750928 A1 EP2750928 A1 EP 2750928A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
phase
temperature
walls
vehicle
products
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12750464.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Thierry Dubreuil
Mohammed Youbi-Idrissi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Publication of EP2750928A1 publication Critical patent/EP2750928A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
    • F25D3/105—Movable containers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/02—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using ice, e.g. ice-boxes
    • F25D3/06—Movable containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D33/00—Superstructures for load-carrying vehicles
    • B62D33/04—Enclosed load compartments ; Frameworks for movable panels, tarpaulins or side curtains
    • B62D33/048—Enclosed load compartments ; Frameworks for movable panels, tarpaulins or side curtains for refrigerated goods vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2303/00—Details of devices using other cold materials; Details of devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D2303/08—Devices using cold storage material, i.e. ice or other freezable liquid
    • F25D2303/083—Devices using cold storage material, i.e. ice or other freezable liquid using cold storage material disposed in closed wall forming part of a container for products to be cooled
    • F25D2303/0831—Devices using cold storage material, i.e. ice or other freezable liquid using cold storage material disposed in closed wall forming part of a container for products to be cooled the liquid is disposed in the space between the walls of the container

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of transport and distribution of thermosensitive products, such as pharmaceuticals and foodstuffs.
  • Controlled and controlled temperature transport has become a major challenge in the context of the respect of the cold chain, which is essential for maintaining the quality and viability of organic products, whether they be foodstuffs or medicines, vaccines, bio -Samples, etc.
  • perishable food products are transported fresh or frozen (positive or negative temperature), while drugs and vaccines are transported fresh (positive temperature).
  • the transport typically takes place between the place of production, the places of storage or distribution, and the places of sale and / or consumption.
  • Fresh or frozen food is transported by refrigerated truck. This transport relies mainly on "mechanical" groups of cold generation. It is also possible to use so-called “cryogenic” solutions based on the use of liquid nitrogen or CO 2 as cold sources for maintaining positive (fresh) or negative (frozen) cold.
  • cryogenic solutions whether it is so-called “direct” injections into the interior of the storage room or products (spray) or so-called “indirect” injections (where the cryogenic fluid is then conveyed from a cryogenic tank on board the refrigerated truck (usually below the truck) to one or more heat exchangers located inside the cold room or chambers of the truck) are well indexed, but see their market penetration curbed by the associated economic cost.
  • cryogen nitrogen or CO 2
  • the present invention seeks to provide a solution for recovering at least part of the cold given to the walls for later reuse during the operational phase of the truck.
  • the present invention proposes a new structure of walls, which can be summarized as follows:
  • the following succession of layers starting from the inside of the box a conductive layer, a layer of phase-change material, a layer of polyurethane, and a plastic layer, the conductive layer on the inside of the body acting as a thermal transmission plate to the phase change material;
  • the phase-change material is chosen so as to obtain a suitable melting point according to the type of application targeted (transport in fresh, frozen) and the desired temperature range (very specific temperature ranges, for example for certain products biological).
  • a phase-change material whose melting temperature is only a few degrees higher than the target temperature referred to in the chamber in question is preferentially used according to the invention. 2 to 10 ° C above the set temperature and more preferably from 3 to 5 ° C.
  • a material with a melting temperature of + 8 ° C. for fresh transport and with a melting point of -10 ° C. for frozen food is chosen according to the invention.
  • These materials can be chosen in the range of organic materials including waxes, oils, fatty acids and polyglycols or in the range of capsules filled with salt hydrates.
  • the advantageous nature of the presence of such a material in the wall of the body is related to its ability to store cold at the time of setting in cold of the truck (at the start, or after a door opening ...), then to restore it when the temperature of the body is higher than the melting temperature.
  • the latent heat of melting / solidification then makes it possible to save a large amount of primary energy (nitrogen or CO2 in the case of cryogenic solutions) and thus reduce their consumption.
  • the present invention thus relates to a refrigerated product transport vehicle, comprising at least one product storage chamber, of the type in which the cold production system implemented by the vehicle is cryogenic, by direct or indirect injection of a fluid. cryogenic in said at least one storage chamber, and characterized in that:
  • phase change The structure of all or part of the walls of at least one of the storage chambers of the truck, one or more panels made of a material called "phase change" type;
  • the phase-change material has a melting temperature which is only a few degrees higher than the target temperature referred to in the chamber in question, preferably from 2 to 10 ° C. higher than said setpoint, and still more preferably from 3 to 5 ° C higher than the said set point.
  • the phase-change material is incorporated in all or part of the wall half located on the side of the cold source (storage chamber side), and even more preferably in all or part of the wall third located on the side of the cold source.
  • FIG. 1 then illustrates in section, not its two views a) and b): in a): a wall structure that is encountered in certain current trucks, with the succession, starting from the inside of the checkout, a conductive layer 1, a polyurethane layer 2, and a plastic layer 3;
  • a layer 4 of phase change material is incorporated substantially in the half wall which is the side of the room.
  • the start of the cold production system makes it possible to lower the temperature of the air internal to the chamber to the setpoint, then maintain this temperature by system regulation.
  • the existing solutions for controlling the temperature of the air internal to the body storing the products transported use control algorithms of the opening / closing of the valves supplying the injectors or internal exchangers at the cryogenic box.
  • the time required to reach the set point at first start and after each door opening depends on several parameters, mainly the maximum cooling capacity that can be provided by the cold production system, but also the indoor / outdoor temperature difference. and thermo-physical properties (including conductivity) of the materials composing the walls of the truck.
  • cryogen to lower the internal temperature to the storage room products at a required setpoint (for example since 20-25 ° C up to + 4 ° C for fresh products), whether direct injection (spray) or indirect injection (exchangers).
  • a required setpoint for example since 20-25 ° C up to + 4 ° C for fresh products
  • direct injection sinum
  • exchangers indirect injection
  • the energy storage in the material will then start before the internal air temperature setpoint has been reached, and the partial or complete solidification of the material before the set the air internal to the chamber has been reached will depend on different parameters, mainly its thermo-physical properties (conductivity, heat mass), and the amount of material used (the mass), but one preferentially attaches to selecting the right amount of suitable material for the material to be completely or almost completely solidified when the temperature reaches the internal set point at the body.
  • the material will give off a little energy (sensible heat variation), helping the air to return to its temperature , it can then be used as buffer to better smooth the temperature variation.
  • the temperature control system present on such vehicles, by the control of the opening / closing of the valves supplying injectors or internal exchangers to the cryogenic body according to an internal temperature take into account (benefit) of course the energy input from the phase change material panels.
  • phase change material with a melting temperature slightly higher than the desired air temperature is very advantageous since, on the other hand, a material with a melting temperature below the set temperature would continue to store. energy during the maintenance phase (a useless process), and that, moreover, with each return at the set temperature, it would continue to consume energy since naturally it will tend to want to solidify.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Refrigerator Housings (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

A vehicle for the refrigerated transport of products comprising at least one products storage chamber, characterized in that: - one or more panels (4) made from a material of so-called "phase-change" type have been incorporated into the structure of all or part of the walls of at least one of the storage chambers of the lorry; - the phase-change material has a melting point that is just a few degrees higher than the target datum temperature for the chamber in question, preferably 2 to 10°C higher than said datum temperature and more preferably still 3 to 5°C higher than said datum temperature.

Description

VEHICULE DE TRANSPORT FRIGORIFIQUE DE PRODUITS DONT LA CONSOMMATION ENERGETIQUE EST AMELIOREE PAR  VEHICLE FOR REFRIGERATED TRANSPORT OF PRODUCTS WITH ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENHANCED BY
L'INCORPORATION D'UN MATERIAU A CHANGEMENT DE  THE INCORPORATION OF A MATERIAL WITH A CHANGE OF
PHASE DANS LES PAROIS DE LA CAISSE  PHASE IN THE WALLS OF THE CAISSE
La présente invention concerne le domaine du transport et de la distribution de produits thermosensibles, tels les produits pharmaceutiques et les denrées alimentaires. Le transport à température contrôlée et maîtrisée est devenu un enjeu majeur dans le cadre du respect de la chaîne du froid, essentielle au maintien de la qualité et de la viabilité des produits biologiques, que ce soit denrées alimentaires, ou alors médicaments, vaccins, bio-échantillons, etc.. Typiquement on rappellera que les produits alimentaires périssables sont transportées frais ou surgelés (température positive ou négative), alors que les médicaments et les vaccins sont transportés frais (température positive). Le transport a lieu typiquement entre le lieu de production, les lieux de stockage ou de distribution, et les lieux de vente et/ou de consommation. Le transport de produits alimentaires frais ou surgelés est effectué par camion réfrigéré. Ce transport s'appuie essentiellement sur des groupes « mécaniques » de génération de froid. Il est également possible d'utiliser des solutions dites « cryogéniques » s'appuyant sur l'utilisation d'azote liquide ou de CO2 en tant que sources de froid pour le maintien en froid positif (frais) ou négatif (surgelé). The present invention relates to the field of transport and distribution of thermosensitive products, such as pharmaceuticals and foodstuffs. Controlled and controlled temperature transport has become a major challenge in the context of the respect of the cold chain, which is essential for maintaining the quality and viability of organic products, whether they be foodstuffs or medicines, vaccines, bio -Samples, etc. Typically it will be recalled that perishable food products are transported fresh or frozen (positive or negative temperature), while drugs and vaccines are transported fresh (positive temperature). The transport typically takes place between the place of production, the places of storage or distribution, and the places of sale and / or consumption. Fresh or frozen food is transported by refrigerated truck. This transport relies mainly on "mechanical" groups of cold generation. It is also possible to use so-called "cryogenic" solutions based on the use of liquid nitrogen or CO 2 as cold sources for maintaining positive (fresh) or negative (frozen) cold.
Les avantages des solutions cryogéniques, qu'il s'agisse d'injections dites « directe » dans l'intérieur de la ou des chambres de stockage des produits (spray) ou d'injections dites « indirectes » (où le fluide cryogénique est alors acheminé depuis un réservoir cryogénique embarqué sur le camion frigorifique (en général en dessous du camion) jusqu'à un ou plusieurs échangeurs thermiques situés à l'intérieur de la ou les chambres froides du camion) sont bien répertoriés, mais voient leur pénétration du marché freinées par le cout économique associé. The advantages of cryogenic solutions, whether it is so-called "direct" injections into the interior of the storage room or products (spray) or so-called "indirect" injections (where the cryogenic fluid is then conveyed from a cryogenic tank on board the refrigerated truck (usually below the truck) to one or more heat exchangers located inside the cold room or chambers of the truck) are well indexed, but see their market penetration curbed by the associated economic cost.
Et un des postes influençant lourdement la balance économique est bien entendu la quantité du cryogène (azote ou CO2) requise pour la production du froid aux températures désirées. And one of the items heavily influencing the economic balance is of course the amount of cryogen (nitrogen or CO 2 ) required for the production of cold at the desired temperatures.
L'analyse physique des mécanismes d'échanges thermiques montre clairement que l'inertie thermique des parois de la ou les chambres de stockage représente une part importante dans le bilan énergétique. Elle pourrait, à elle seule, dans certaines configurations, être responsable de 50% de la consommation globale en cryogène. The physical analysis of the heat exchange mechanisms clearly shows that the thermal inertia of the walls of the storage chamber or chambers represents an important part of the energy balance. It alone could, in certain configurations, be responsible for 50% of global cryogen consumption.
La présente invention s'attache alors à proposer une solution permettant de récupérer au moins une partie du froid cédé aux parois pour une réutilisation ultérieure durant la phase opérationnelle du camion. The present invention then seeks to provide a solution for recovering at least part of the cold given to the walls for later reuse during the operational phase of the truck.
On sait qu'actuellement, dans les camions frigorifiques, les parois isolantes utilisées aujourd'hui sont le plus couramment constituées de polyuréthane avec un revêtement plastique à l'extérieur et un matériau conducteur à l'intérieur (coté « froid » en contact avec la chambre). La mise en froid de cette structure est très consommatrice de temps et d'énergie primaire. It is known that currently, in refrigerated trucks, the insulating walls used today are most commonly made of polyurethane with a plastic coating on the outside and a conductive material on the inside ("cold" side in contact with the bedroom). The cold setting of this structure consumes a lot of time and primary energy.
Comme on le verra plus en détails dans ce qui suit, la présente invention propose une nouvelle structure de parois, que l'on peut résumer ainsi : As will be seen in more detail in the following, the present invention proposes a new structure of walls, which can be summarized as follows:
- on incorpore dans la structure de tout ou partie des parois d'au moins une des chambres de stockage du camion, un ou plusieurs panneaux élaborés en un matériau « moins énergivore », ce matériau est de type dit « à changement de phase » ; - cette incorporation se fait préférentiellement dans tout ou partie de la moitié de paroi situé du coté de la source froide (coté chambre de stockage, qui comprend les injecteurs dans une injection « directe », ou les échangeurs dans une injection « indirecte ») ; - It incorporates in the structure of all or part of the walls of at least one of the storage rooms of the truck, one or more panels made of a material "less energy consuming", this material is of the type called "phase change"; this incorporation is preferably done in all or part of the wall half located on the side of the cold source (storage chamber side, which includes the injectors in a "direct" injection, or the exchangers in an "indirect"injection);
- à titre illustratif on aura alors selon un exemple de mise en œuvre de l'invention, la succession suivante de couches en partant de l'intérieur de la caisse : une couche conductrice, une couche de matériau à changement de phase, une couche de polyuréthane, et une couche en matière plastique, la couche conductrice coté intérieur de la caisse agissant comme une plaque de transmission thermique vers le matériau à changement de phase ; - By way of illustration, according to an exemplary implementation of the invention, the following succession of layers starting from the inside of the box: a conductive layer, a layer of phase-change material, a layer of polyurethane, and a plastic layer, the conductive layer on the inside of the body acting as a thermal transmission plate to the phase change material;
- le matériau à changement de phase est choisi de façon à obtenir un point de fusion adéquat selon le type d'application visé (transport en frais, en surgelé) et la gamme de températures désirée (gammes de température très particulières par exemple pour certains produits biologiques). Pour des raisons que nous expliquerons mieux ci-dessous, on met en œuvre préférentiellement selon l'invention un matériau à changement de phase dont la température de fusion est de quelques degrés seulement supérieure à la température de consigne visée dans la chambre considérée : préférentiellement de 2 à 10°C de plus que la température de consigne et plus préférentiellement de 3 à 5°C. the phase-change material is chosen so as to obtain a suitable melting point according to the type of application targeted (transport in fresh, frozen) and the desired temperature range (very specific temperature ranges, for example for certain products biological). For reasons which will be explained better below, a phase-change material whose melting temperature is only a few degrees higher than the target temperature referred to in the chamber in question is preferentially used according to the invention. 2 to 10 ° C above the set temperature and more preferably from 3 to 5 ° C.
A titre d'exemple des consignes traditionnellement pratiquées dans cette industrie du transport, on peut citer l'exemple d'une consigne de 0 à 4°C pour du transport de produits frais, tandis que l'on rencontre des consignes de - 20 °C pour du transport de produits congelés, ces deux consignes pouvant être implémentées dans deux chambres voisines d'un même camion.  As an example of the instructions traditionally practiced in this transport industry, we can cite the example of a set point of 0 to 4 ° C for the transport of fresh products, while we meet instructions of - 20 ° C for the transport of frozen products, these two instructions can be implemented in two adjacent rooms of the same truck.
A titre d'exemple, on choisit selon l'invention un matériau à température de fusion de +8°C pour du transport en frais et à température de fusion de - 10°C pour le surgelé.  By way of example, a material with a melting temperature of + 8 ° C. for fresh transport and with a melting point of -10 ° C. for frozen food is chosen according to the invention.
On pourra choisir ces matériaux dans la gamme des matériaux organiques y compris les cires, huiles, acides gras et polyglycols ou encore dans la gamme des capsules remplies d'hydrates de sel.  These materials can be chosen in the range of organic materials including waxes, oils, fatty acids and polyglycols or in the range of capsules filled with salt hydrates.
Le caractère avantageux de la présence d'un tel matériau dans la paroi de la caisse est lié à sa capacité à emmagasiner du froid au moment de la mise en froid du camion (au démarrage, ou encore après une ouverture de porte...), puis de le restituer quand la température de la caisse est supérieure à la température de fusion. The advantageous nature of the presence of such a material in the wall of the body is related to its ability to store cold at the time of setting in cold of the truck (at the start, or after a door opening ...), then to restore it when the temperature of the body is higher than the melting temperature.
La chaleur latente de fusion/solidification permet alors d'épargner une quantité importante d'énergie primaire (azote ou CO2 dans le cas des solutions cryogéniques) et réduire ainsi leur consommation.  The latent heat of melting / solidification then makes it possible to save a large amount of primary energy (nitrogen or CO2 in the case of cryogenic solutions) and thus reduce their consumption.
La présente invention concerne alors un véhicule de transport frigorifique de produits, comportant au moins une chambre de stockage des produits, du type où le système de production de froid mis en œuvre par le véhicule est cryogénique, par injection directe ou indirecte d'un fluide cryogénique dans ladite au moins une chambre de stockage, et se caractérisant en ce que : The present invention thus relates to a refrigerated product transport vehicle, comprising at least one product storage chamber, of the type in which the cold production system implemented by the vehicle is cryogenic, by direct or indirect injection of a fluid. cryogenic in said at least one storage chamber, and characterized in that:
- on a incorporé dans la structure de tout ou partie des parois d'au moins une des chambres de stockage du camion, un ou plusieurs panneaux élaborés en un matériau de type dit « à changement de phase »;  - The structure of all or part of the walls of at least one of the storage chambers of the truck, one or more panels made of a material called "phase change" type;
- le matériau à changement de phase possède une température de fusion qui est supérieure de quelques degrés seulement à la température de consigne visée dans la chambre considérée, préférentiellement de 2 à 10°C supérieure à ladite consigne, et encore plus préférentiellement de 3 à 5°C supérieure à la dite consigne.  the phase-change material has a melting temperature which is only a few degrees higher than the target temperature referred to in the chamber in question, preferably from 2 to 10 ° C. higher than said setpoint, and still more preferably from 3 to 5 ° C higher than the said set point.
Selon un des modes de mise en œuvre préféré de l'invention, le matériau à changement de phase est incorporé dans tout ou partie de la moitié de paroi située du coté de la source froide (coté chambre de stockage), et encore plus préférentiellement dans tout ou partie du tiers de paroi située du coté de la source froide. According to one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, the phase-change material is incorporated in all or part of the wall half located on the side of the cold source (storage chamber side), and even more preferably in all or part of the wall third located on the side of the cold source.
La figure 1 annexée illustre alors en section, pas ses deux vues a) et b) : - en a) : une structure de paroi que l'on rencontre dans certains camions actuels, avec la succession, en partant de l'intérieur de la caisse, d'une couche conductrice 1 , d'une couche de polyuréthane 2, et d'une couche en matière plastique 3 ; The appended FIG. 1 then illustrates in section, not its two views a) and b): in a): a wall structure that is encountered in certain current trucks, with the succession, starting from the inside of the checkout, a conductive layer 1, a polyurethane layer 2, and a plastic layer 3;
- en b) un exemple de mise en œuvre de l'invention, où est incorporé dans la structure précédente, une couche 4 de matériau à changement de phase, on remarque que cette couche 4 est incorporée sensiblement dans la moitié de paroi qui est du coté chambre de l'ensemble.  - In b) an example of implementation of the invention, which is incorporated in the previous structure, a layer 4 of phase change material, it is noted that this layer 4 is incorporated substantially in the half wall which is the side of the room.
Expliquons dans ce qui suit un exemple de comportement de la paroi durant une phase opérationnelle du camion. Let us explain in the following an example of behavior of the wall during an operational phase of the truck.
Pour un camion frigorifique destiné au transport de produits frais, la mise en marche du système de production du froid (qu'il s'agisse d'injection directe ou indirecte d'un fluide cryogénique) permet d'abaisser la température de l'air interne à la chambre jusqu'au point de consigne, puis de maintenir cette température moyennant une régulation du système. De façon bien connue de l'homme du métier, les solutions existant aujourd'hui pour contrôler la température de l'air interne à la caisse stockant les produits transportés, utilisent des algorithmes de commande de l'ouverture/fermeture des vannes alimentant les injecteurs ou les échangeurs internes à la caisse en cryogène.  For a refrigerated truck intended for the transport of fresh products, the start of the cold production system (whether direct or indirect injection of a cryogenic fluid) makes it possible to lower the temperature of the air internal to the chamber to the setpoint, then maintain this temperature by system regulation. In a manner well known to those skilled in the art, the existing solutions for controlling the temperature of the air internal to the body storing the products transported, use control algorithms of the opening / closing of the valves supplying the injectors or internal exchangers at the cryogenic box.
Après chaque livraison d'une ou plusieurs palettes, les portes étant ouvertes sur l'air extérieur, la température de l'air dans le camion remonte et le système de production du froid doit fournir la puissance frigorifique nécessaire pour retrouver la température de consigne aussi vite que possible afin de respecter la chaîne du froid.  After each delivery of one or more pallets, the doors being open on the outside air, the temperature of the air in the truck rises and the system of production of the cold must provide the refrigerating power necessary to find the set temperature also as quickly as possible to respect the cold chain.
La durée nécessaire pour atteindre le point de consigne au premier démarrage et après chaque ouverture de porte dépend de plusieurs paramètres, dont principalement la puissance frigorifique maximum que peut fournir le système de production du froid, mais aussi de l'écart de température intérieure/extérieure et des propriétés thermo-physiques (notamment la conductivité) des matériaux composant les parois du camion.  The time required to reach the set point at first start and after each door opening depends on several parameters, mainly the maximum cooling capacity that can be provided by the cold production system, but also the indoor / outdoor temperature difference. and thermo-physical properties (including conductivity) of the materials composing the walls of the truck.
Bien que l'air atteigne sa température de consigne après un temps défini par les paramètres de fonctionnement cités plus haut, les parois du camion continuent à absorber de l'énergie car leur inertie thermique est beaucoup plus grande que l'air. Par conséquent, elles n'atteignent l'équilibre qu'après quelques heures du temps de redescente en température de l'air interne au camion (ce temps est appelé dans cette industrie « pull down »). Dans le cas d'un camion frigorifique conforme à l'invention, constitué intégralement ou partiellement de parois contenant des matériaux à changement de phase, lors de la redescente en température de l'air au démarrage ou après une ouverture de porte, la température dans les parois baisse également, notamment dans la couche contenant le matériau à changement de phase qui verra sa température baisser jusqu'à ce qu'il atteigne sa température de solidification. On entame alors la phase de stockage d'énergie dans ce matériau qui va se solidifier progressivement. Although the air reaches its set temperature after a time defined by the operating parameters mentioned above, the walls of the truck continue to absorb energy because their thermal inertia is much more great than air. Consequently, they do not reach equilibrium until after a few hours of the temperature drop time inside the truck (this time is called in this industry "pull down"). In the case of a refrigerated truck according to the invention, consisting wholly or partially of walls containing phase change materials, when the air temperature is lowered when starting or after a door opening, the temperature in the the walls also drop, especially in the layer containing the phase change material which will see its temperature drop until it reaches its solidification temperature. We then start the energy storage phase in this material which will gradually solidify.
Plus précisément, au démarrage d'une tournée ou après une ouverture de porte prolongée, on va apporter du cryogène, pour faire descendre la température interne à la chambre de stockage des produits au niveau d'une consigne requise (par exemple depuis 20-25°C jusqu'à une consigne de +4°C pour des produits frais), que ce soit dans une technique d'injection directe (spray) ou d'injection indirecte (échangeurs). Suite à cet apport de cryogène, la température dans les parois va baisser, notamment dans la couche contenant le matériau à changement de phase qui verra sa température baisser jusqu'à ce qu'il atteigne sa température de solidification.  More specifically, at the start of a tour or after an extended door opening, it will bring cryogen, to lower the internal temperature to the storage room products at a required setpoint (for example since 20-25 ° C up to + 4 ° C for fresh products), whether direct injection (spray) or indirect injection (exchangers). Following this supply of cryogen, the temperature in the walls will drop, especially in the layer containing the phase-change material which will see its temperature drop until it reaches its solidification temperature.
On entame alors la phase de stockage d'énergie dans ce matériau qui va se solidifier progressivement.  We then start the energy storage phase in this material which will gradually solidify.
Du fait de la sélection de matériau effectuée, le stockage d'énergie dans le matériau démarrera alors avant que la consigne de l'air interne à la chambre n'ait été atteinte, et la solidification partielle ou complète du matériau avant que la consigne de l'air interne à la chambre n'ait été atteinte va dépendre de différents paramètres, essentiellement de ses propriétés thermo-physiques (conductivité, chaleur massique), et de la quantité de matériau mise en œuvre (la masse), mais l'on s'attache préférentiellement à sélectionner la juste quantité d'un matériau adéquat pour que le matériau soit complètement ou quasi complètement solidifié à l'arrivée de la température au point de consigne interne à la caisse. Due to the material selection carried out, the energy storage in the material will then start before the internal air temperature setpoint has been reached, and the partial or complete solidification of the material before the set the air internal to the chamber has been reached will depend on different parameters, mainly its thermo-physical properties (conductivity, heat mass), and the amount of material used (the mass), but one preferentially attaches to selecting the right amount of suitable material for the material to be completely or almost completely solidified when the temperature reaches the internal set point at the body.
Lorsqu'interviendra une ouverture de porte significative ultérieurement durant la tournée, et la remontée de température de l'air interne qui en résulte, le retour à la température de consigne de l'intérieur de la caisse sera plus rapide car le matériau à changement de phase restituera à l'air une partie de l'énergie qu'il a stockée, d'où une économie d'énergie.  When a significant door opening occurs later during the tour, and the resulting internal air temperature rise, the return to the set temperature of the inside of the body will be faster because the material with change of phase will restore some of the stored energy to the air, resulting in energy savings.
Ainsi à chaque moment du parcours du véhicule : So at each moment of the journey of the vehicle:
- si la température interne à la chambre dépasse de très peu (1 K par exemple) le point de consigne requis, le matériau va céder un peu d'énergie (variation de chaleur sensible) contribuant à ce que l'air revienne à sa température, il sert alors peut-on dire de tampon pour mieux lisser la variation de température.  - if the temperature inside the chamber exceeds the required setpoint by a very small amount (eg 1 K), the material will give off a little energy (sensible heat variation), helping the air to return to its temperature , it can then be used as buffer to better smooth the temperature variation.
- si la température interne à la chambre augmente de plusieurs degrés suite à une ouverture de porte(s) de quelques minutes par exemple, le matériau cède un bonne partie de son énergie pouvant aller jusqu'à une fusion partielle (variation de sa chaleur latente) et facilite le retour rapide de l'air à sa température de consigne, nécessitant alors moins d'apport du cryogène primaire : le système de régulation de température présent sur de tels véhicules, par la commande de l'ouverture/fermeture des vannes alimentant les injecteurs ou les échangeurs internes à la caisse en cryogène en fonction d'une prise de température interne tiennent compte (tirent avantage) bien entendu de l'apport d'énergie en provenance des panneaux de matériau à changement phase .  - If the temperature inside the chamber increases by several degrees following a door opening (s) of a few minutes for example, the material gives up a good deal of its energy up to a partial melting (variation of its latent heat ) and facilitates the rapid return of air to its set temperature, thus requiring less input of the primary cryogen: the temperature control system present on such vehicles, by the control of the opening / closing of the valves supplying injectors or internal exchangers to the cryogenic body according to an internal temperature take into account (benefit) of course the energy input from the phase change material panels.
Et le choix à cet égard d'un matériau à changement de phase à température de fusion légèrement supérieure à la consigne de l'air souhaitée est très avantageux puisqu'au contraire un matériau à température de fusion inférieure à la température de consigne continuerait à stocker de l'énergie lors de la phase de maintien (un processus inutile), et que de plus, à chaque retour à la température de consigne, il continuerait à consommer de l'énergie puisque naturellement il aura tendance à vouloir se solidifier. And the choice in this respect of a phase change material with a melting temperature slightly higher than the desired air temperature is very advantageous since, on the other hand, a material with a melting temperature below the set temperature would continue to store. energy during the maintenance phase (a useless process), and that, moreover, with each return at the set temperature, it would continue to consume energy since naturally it will tend to want to solidify.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Véhicule de transport frigorifique de produits comportant au moins une chambre de stockage des produits, du type où le système de production de froid mis en œuvre par le véhicule est cryogénique, par injection directe ou indirecte d'un fluide cryogénique dans ladite au moins une chambre de stockage, se caractérisant en ce que : 1. Product refrigerated transport vehicle comprising at least one product storage chamber, of the type where the cold production system implemented by the vehicle is cryogenic, by direct or indirect injection of a cryogenic fluid into the at least one a storage chamber, characterized in that:
- on a incorporé dans la structure de tout ou partie des parois d'au moins une des chambres de stockage du camion, un ou plusieurs panneaux (4) élaborés en un matériau de type dit « à changement de phase »;  - The structure of all or part of the walls of at least one of the storage chambers of the truck, one or more panels (4) made of a material called "phase change" type;
- le matériau à changement de phase possède une température de fusion qui est supérieure de quelques degrés seulement à la température de consigne visée dans la chambre considérée, préférentiellement de 2 à 10°C supérieure à ladite consigne, et encore plus préférentiellement de 3 à 5°C supérieure à la dite consigne.  the phase-change material has a melting temperature which is only a few degrees higher than the target temperature referred to in the chamber in question, preferably from 2 to 10 ° C. higher than said setpoint, and still more preferably from 3 to 5 ° C higher than the said set point.
2. Véhicule selon la revendication 1 , se caractérisant en ce que le matériau à changement de phase est incorporé dans tout ou partie de la moitié de paroi située du coté de la source froide (coté chambre de stockage), et encore plus préférentiellement dans tout ou partie du tiers de paroi située du coté de la source froide. 2. Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the phase change material is incorporated in all or part of the wall half located on the side of the cold source (storage chamber side), and even more preferably in all or part of the wall third located on the side of the cold source.
EP12750464.5A 2011-08-30 2012-08-02 Vehicle for the refrigerated transport of products the energy consumption of which is improved by incorporating a phase-change material into the walls of the vehicle body Withdrawn EP2750928A1 (en)

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FR1157655A FR2979297B1 (en) 2011-08-30 2011-08-30 VEHICLE FOR REFRIGERATED TRANSPORT OF PRODUCTS WHOSE ENERGY CONSUMPTION IS IMPROVED BY INCORPORATING A PHASE-CHANGE MATERIAL IN THE WALLS OF THE FUND
PCT/FR2012/051824 WO2013030483A1 (en) 2011-08-30 2012-08-02 Vehicle for the refrigerated transport of products the energy consumption of which is improved by incorporating a phase-change material into the walls of the vehicle body

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JP2014525560A (en) 2014-09-29
WO2013030483A1 (en) 2013-03-07

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