EP2746480A1 - Method for producing an insulating system and insulating layer for producing an insulating system with a device for producing a temporary fire-protection appliance - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves fastening insulating units at an installation-side substrate in layers. A covering (3) i.e. heat shield, is attached for formation of a temporary fire protection device (2) during manufacture of a damming system, where the covering covers insulating units and a portion of an insulating layer (1). The covering is made of non-combustible or flame-resistant material, in particular in form of a fabric, a knitted fabric, a braided fabric, a non-woven fabric or a film. A material e.g. glass fibers and/or basalt fibers, is used, for formation of the covering. An independent claim is also included for an insulating layer.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing an insulation system, in particular a composite thermal insulation system, with the features of the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to an insulating layer for producing an insulation system, in particular a composite thermal insulation system, with a device for forming a temporary fire protection device during the manufacture of insulation system.

State of the art

A composite thermal insulation system comprises a single or multi-layer heat insulating layer formed from several thermal insulation panels and a cleaning system that is applied as an outer cover layer on the thermal barrier coating. As a rule, rigid foam boards, in particular polystyrene rigid foam boards, are used as thermal insulation boards. Because these have good thermal insulation properties and at the same time form an optimal plaster base. In addition, they are relatively inexpensive.

However, the fire behavior of such thermal insulation materials, which according to DIN 4102-1 regularly classify the building material class B (combustible materials, normal to flame retardant) turns out to be disadvantageous. The building law Requirements for fire protection therefore provide for the formation of a horizontally extending fire bar in the lintel and / or parapet area of a façade opening or as a circumferential façade strip of a non-flammable material.

From the utility model DE 84 26 763 U1 is a façade Vollwärmeschutz composite system is known, which comprises an effective as a fire barrier, insulation board made of polystyrene foam. The insulation board made of polystyrene foam has for this purpose a full thickness of the insulation board formed, embedded or attached strips of a non-melting in the heat, preferably non-flammable or flame-retardant insulation. This insulating material may be, for example, a mineral fiber or glass fiber insulating material.

However, a fire barrier of the aforementioned type - as well as the legally prescribed fire bars - are not able to effect adequate fire protection during the production of a thermal insulation composite system. Because until the single- or multi-layer plaster layer is applied as a final cover layer on a already attached to a building site thermal barrier coating, passes some time, since the adhesive, by means of which the thermal insulation panels have been attached to the on-site substrate, must first fully cure. Accordingly, until the application of the plaster layer there is no protection of the thermal barrier coating against external influences. In case of fire, this may mean that the thermal barrier coating is exposed directly to the flames, which, in the case of a thermal barrier coating made of polystyrene foam, causes the polystyrene to melt and cause the melt to drip burning from the facade. The burning, dripping melt can create new sources of fire so that the fire spreads. It also can not counteract a fire barrier or a fire bar, as the flames simply skip the fire barrier or fire bar and directly attack the overlying insulating layer.

The present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method for producing an insulation system, in particular a composite thermal insulation system, in which the insulating layer is better protected during the manufacture of the insulation system from such external effects in case of fire. Furthermore, an insulation layer for producing an insulation system with a temporary fire protection device should be specified.

To solve the problem, the method with the features of claim 1 and an insulating layer with the features of claim 7 are proposed. Advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the respective subclaims.

Disclosure of the invention

In the process for producing an insulation system, in particular a composite thermal insulation system, with a plurality of insulating elements comprehensive, single or multi-layer insulation layer proposed method, the insulation elements are attached to an on-site substrate in one or more layers. To form a temporary fire protection device during the manufacture of the insulation system according to the invention, a cover made of a non-flammable or at least flame-retardant material, in particular in the form of a fabric, knitted fabric, braid, fleece or film outside the insulating elements and at least a portion of the insulating layer covering attached , For attachment, the cover is preferably hung in front of the insulating elements of the insulating layer, so that a kind of fire protection curtain is formed, which protects the underlying insulation boards in case of fire from direct flame. As a result, the stability of the insulating layer is significantly increased. This is especially true if the insulation boards used to form the insulating layer of a combustible and / or fusible insulating material, such as polystyrene foam, which proves to be low resistance to direct-acting flames. According to the invention, it is not necessary to protect the entire insulating layer with a cover made of a non-combustible or at least flame-retardant material temporarily. As a rule, in the case of fire, the source of the fire can be found within a building to be insulated, so that there is a risk of a fire flashover, especially in the area of a facade opening of the building. It is therefore proposed to provide a temporary fire protection device according to the present invention, at least in the area of such a facade opening. Preferably, the proposed cover is attached at least in the lintel and / or parapet area of a facade opening.

The proposed curtain-like cover differs from a curtain in the conventional sense in that it is preferably not free hanging, but is attached to at least two opposite side edges. This ensures that the cover is not torn off the facade by wind.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cover is attached at least in the region of at least one Dämmelements, which consists of a non-combustible insulating material for forming a fire bolt. This means that the insulating elements of the insulating layer comprise at least one insulating element made of a non-combustible insulating material for forming a fire bolt and the cover is made of a non-combustible or at least flame-retardant material at least in the area of this fire bar. In this case, the attachment of the cover takes place in such a way that the cover at least partially covers the fire, that is, at least one overlap region with the fire bar has. Due to the construction law requirement to design the fire bars in the lintel and / or parapet area of a façade opening and / or as a continuous horizontal band, the arrangement of the cover preferably also takes place in a lintel and / or parapet area of a façade opening.

Further preferably, the cover is mounted such that it projects beyond the fire bar on at least one side. The cover can be arranged such that it projects beyond the fire bar up, down and / or laterally. The location of the area of the cover projecting beyond the fire bar depends essentially on the arrangement and design of the fire bar inside the facade. If the fire bar is arranged, for example, in the lintel area of a façade opening, the cover is preferably guided higher than the fire latches in order to protect the overlying insulating elements against flashover flames. In a fire bar, which is formed as a continuous horizontal band, the cover can be arranged so that it towers over both the lock bolt upwards and downwards. For example, if the fireblock has a height of 20 cm, the cover may have a height of approximately 60 cm, so that it projects beyond the firebolt on both sides by 20 cm. Preferably, the extent to which the cover extends beyond the fire bar on at least one side is at least 20 cm, preferably at least 30 cm and furthermore preferably at least 50 cm. The larger the range extending beyond the fire barrier, the greater the protective effect. Because the cover is intended to prevent direct flame of the arranged above the fire barrier insulation boards when the flames overturn, bypassing the fire bolt on the area above it.

For this purpose, it is therefore further proposed that the cover of a non-flammable or at least flame-retardant material - regardless of the presence of a firing bar - is preferably mounted in the region of a lintel and / or parapet of a facade opening and / or as a horizontally extending belt. In particular, in an arrangement of the cover in a lintel or parapet area of a facade opening a rapid fire expansion can be effectively prevented in this way, when the source of fire is within the building and the flames beat over the facade opening to the outside. Furthermore, in an arrangement of the cover as horizontal band, which is preferably arranged between two floors of the building, a rapid fire spread to the overlying projectile can be prevented. If the cover is to be arranged in a lintel or parapet area in which no fire bar is arranged, the reveal of the façade opening is preferably also covered. The cover is in this case preferably made of a non-combustible material, so that the cover takes over the task of a fire bar or at least a fire barrier. In order to cover a soffit of the facade opening, the material of the cover is simply turned over and brought up to the element installed in the facade opening. In addition to the horizontal soffits, the vertical soffits can also be covered with a cover made of a non-combustible or at least flame-retardant material.

Preferably, to form the cover, a material is used which comprises glass fibers and / or mineral fibers, for example basalt fibers. Preferably, a glass fiber fabric or a mineral fiber fabric is used. These materials are not only non-flammable and thus form a particularly effective temporary fire protection device, but also extremely robust. After removing the temporary fire protection device, these materials can therefore be used again on a construction site to form a further temporary fire protection device. This has a favorable effect on the production costs. In addition, resources and thus the environment are spared. Furthermore, a film of basalt fibers has proved to be particularly robust and durable.

Since only a temporary fire protection device is to be created, it is preferable to ensure that the cover is releasably secured to the facade. For this purpose, it is proposed that the cover on the substrate and / or on the insulating layer with the aid of fasteners, preferably with the help of pins, nails, clamps, brackets, strips, profiles, rails, hook and loop fasteners and / or adhesive tapes, solvable is attached. The fastening means are advantageously designed such that the dismantling of the cover can be done as possible destructive. Neither the cover, nor the substrate or the insulating layer should carry any major damage. Smaller puncture holes in the insulating layer, which may be caused by the use of mechanical fasteners, such as pins, nails, clamps or clamps, are harmless, as they are covered by the still applied single or multi-layer plaster layer. The use of strips, profiles and / or rails lends itself to ensuring the installation of the cover on the insulating layer. The strips, profiles and / or rails are preferably laid horizontally and fixed selectively. Preferably, they are made of a non-combustible material. But it can also be used wood strips, which are then preferably wrapped with the material of the cover.

Basically, a fastening of the cover in an upper edge region is sufficient, since the cover hangs straight down like a curtain due to its own weight. Preferably, however, it is ensured by further at least selective fixings on at least one further side edge that the wind does not tear off the cover from the facade or push it away from the facade. Only then is it ensured that the cover fulfills its protective function.

By means of the proposed fastening means not only the dismantling of the temporary fire protection device is ensured, but also a simple and quick installation. The additional expense in the production of an insulation system, in particular a thermal insulation composite system, is therefore low and justified in terms of the achievable protective effect. The cover removes the underlying insulation panels of direct flame exposure, so that reduces the risk of their inflammation. Furthermore, the cover causes a deflection of the fire heat, which in turn has an increased stability of the insulating layer result. For example, in the context of experiments with an insulating layer of polystyrene foam boards are found that the polystyrene prone by the curtain cover much less likely to melt.

In order to achieve an optimum protective effect of the cover, it is preferably attached substantially gap-free, at least in a horizontal orientation. This means that the cover is attached as smooth as possible and wrinkle-free. This ensures that the flames do not get under the cover.

To solve the above-mentioned problem, an insulating layer for producing an insulation system, in particular a thermal insulation composite system is also proposed, which comprises a plurality of attached to an on-site substrate in one or more layers of insulation elements and a device for forming a temporary fire protection device during the manufacture of the insulation system. The device for forming a temporary fire protection device comprises at least one cover of a non-flammable or at least flame-retardant material, in particular in the form of a woven, knitted, braided, non-woven or foil, which is mounted outside the insulating elements and at least a portion of the insulating layer covering. Since the cover only serves to form a temporary fire protection device and is removed shortly before the application of a single or multi-layered plaster layer, the insulation layer according to the invention represents a precursor of an insulating system to be produced, in particular a thermal insulation composite system, in a specific construction phase. The insulating layer is concerned preferably a single-layer or multi-layer thermal insulation layer, which comprises a plurality of thermal insulation elements mounted in one or more layers on an on-site substrate. The attachment can be done for example by means of an adhesive and / or by means of mechanical fastening means, such as dowels.

Since the adhesive usually used to attach the insulating elements must fully cure until the application of the single or multi-layer plaster layer and the insulation elements are unprotected against external influences during this time, a temporary fire protection device can be formed by the cover provided according to the invention, which extracts the insulation elements in the event of fire of the immediate action of the flames. Furthermore, the cover can be used as a heat shield. It counteracts melting of the heat-sensitive insulating materials behind it.

Even in the insulation layer integrated fire bars cause insufficient fire protection during the production of an insulation system, in particular a thermal insulation composite system, since the fire bars can be easily avoided without the covering one or more layers of plaster on the insulation layer of the flames and then the overlying insulation elements directly attack. This can result in a rapid expansion of the fire. In order to prevent this, the insulating layer according to the invention has a temporary fire protection device comprising a cover covering at least a portion of the insulating layer of a non-flammable or at least flame-retardant material.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cover comprises a material of glass fibers and / or mineral fibers, for example basalt fibers. For example, glass fiber fabric or mineral fiber fabric can be used as a cover. Such materials are not flammable and can thus form an effective temporary fire protection device. Furthermore, such materials prove to be particularly robust and can therefore be reused several times if they have already fulfilled their purpose as a temporary fire protection device. However, this assumes that the cover is releasably attached to the facade.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention is therefore proposed that the cover on the ground and / or on the insulating layer with the aid of fastening means, preferably with the aid of Pins, nails, clamps, clamps, strips, profiles, rails, hook and loop fasteners and / or adhesive tapes, is releasably attached. Such fastening means can be used for fastening the cover, that the attachment is largely non-destructive releasable and the cover is removable. After loosening the attachment hardly any traces remain, which are also covered - in the case of attachment of the cover to the insulating layer - by the subsequently applied single or multi-layer plaster layer. If the cover is fastened by means of strips, profiles and / or rails on the facade, these are preferably made of a non-combustible material. In addition, however, the cover can also be secured with the aid of wooden strips on the facade, which are then preferably wrapped by the material of the cover. The strips, profiles and / or rails are preferably aligned horizontally and arranged at least in an upper edge region of the cover. The attachment of the strips, profiles and / or rails is still preferably selective. This ensures a quick and easy installation as well as disassembly of the temporary fire protection device.

Preferably, the cover is attached at least in a horizontal orientation substantially gap-free. This means that the cover is attached as smooth as possible and wrinkle-free in front of the insulation boards. Because this prevents the flames from getting into the insulation panels and the cover in the event of a fire. Furthermore, the risk is reduced that the wind engages under the cover and this lifts off the insulation boards or even torn away.

In a further development of the invention it is proposed that the insulating elements comprise at least one insulating element made of a non-combustible insulating material for forming a fire bar and the cover is mounted from a non-combustible or at least flame-retardant material at least in the area of the fire bar. The cover in this arrangement supports the protective effect of the bolt.

Preferably, the fire bar is at least partially covered by the cover. This means that the cover has at least one overlapping area with the fire bar. Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that the cover projects beyond the fire bar on at least one side. The region of the cover projecting beyond the fire catch can be arranged above, below and / or laterally of the firing bolt and essentially depends on the specific position and design of the firing bolt. The larger the area above the fire barrier, the greater the protective effect of the temporary fire protection system. The cover preferably projects beyond the fire bar at least on one side by at least 20 cm, preferably by at least 30 cm, furthermore preferably by at least 50 cm.

A preferred embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. This shows a schematic view of a building facade during the construction phase with an externally applied insulation layer according to the invention.

Detailed description of the drawing

The schematic representation shows the facade of a five-storey building during the construction phase with an insulating layer (1) according to the invention for the formation of a thermal insulation composite system. This means that no layer of plaster has yet been applied to the insulating layer (1). To form the insulating layer (1), several insulating elements were first attached to the facade, which in the present case consist of a combustible material. In a five-storey building this requires the formation of fire bolts (4), which are each arranged as a horizontally extending band of a non-combustible insulating material between two floors. In addition to the fire bolts (4), the illustrated insulating layer (1) according to the invention has a temporary fire protection device (2) which in each case in the region of a firing bolt (4) a cover (3) made of a non-combustible material, For example, a glass fiber fabric comprises. The covers (3) are arranged overlapping with the fire bars (4) and project beyond this each upwards by about 80 cm. The facade has facade openings (7) with parapets (6), which are completely covered by the covers (3). The covers (3) prevent a fire which breaks out on one floor of the building from spreading over the façade to an adjacent floor. In this way, the insulating layer (1) is particularly protected against fire expansion of a fire, which is outside the building. For this purpose, the cover (3) is fastened to a plurality of attachment points (8) on the facade with the aid of mechanical fastening means.

Alternatively or additionally, covers (3) can also be arranged in the area of the lintels (5) of the façade openings (7) and possibly guided into the reveal (not shown).

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

damp course

2

Fire protection system

3

cover

4

fire barrier

5

fall

6

parapet

7

facade opening

8th

attachment point

Claims (12)

Method for producing an insulation system, in particular a composite thermal insulation system, comprising a single or multi-layer insulating layer (1) comprising a plurality of insulating elements, wherein the insulating elements are fastened to an on-site substrate in one or more layers,
characterized in that to form a temporary fire protection device (2) during the manufacture of the insulation system outside the insulating elements and at least a portion of the insulating layer (1) covering a cover (3) made of a non-combustible or at least flame-retardant material, in particular in the form of a Tissue, knitted fabric, braid, fleece or foil, is attached. Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that the cover (3) is at least in the range of at least one Dämmelements, which consists of a non-combustible insulating material for forming a firing bolt (4). Method according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the cover (3) made of a non-combustible or at least flame-retardant material at least in the region of a lintel (5) and / or a parapet (6) of a facade opening (7) and / or mounted as a horizontally extending belt. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that for the formation of the cover (3) a material is used which comprises glass fibers and / or mineral fibers, for example basalt fibers. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the cover (3) on the substrate and / or on the insulating layer (1) with the aid of fasteners, preferably with the aid of pins, nails, clamps, clips, strips, profiles, rails, hook and loop fasteners and / or adhesive tapes, solvable is attached. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the cover (3) is mounted at least in a horizontal orientation substantially gap-free. Insulating layer (1) for producing an insulation system, in particular a thermal insulation composite system, comprising a plurality of insulating elements attached to an on-site substrate in one or more layers and a device for forming a temporary fire protection device (2) during manufacture of the insulation system, wherein the device for forming a temporary Fire protection device (2) at least one cover (3) made of a non-flammable or at least flame-retardant material, in particular in the form of a woven, knitted, braided, nonwoven or foil, comprising the outside of the insulating elements and at least a portion of the insulating layer (1) covering is attached. Insulating layer according to claim 7,
characterized in that the cover (3) comprises a material of glass fibers and / or mineral fibers, for example basalt fibers. Insulating layer according to claim 7 or 8,
characterized in that the cover (3) on the substrate and / or on the insulating layer (1) with the aid of fasteners, preferably with the aid of pins, nails, clamps, clips, strips, profiles, rails, hook and loop fasteners and / or adhesive tapes, solvable is attached. Insulating layer according to one of claims 7 to 9,
characterized in that the cover (3) is mounted substantially gap-free at least in the horizontal orientation. Insulating layer according to one of claims 7 to 10,
characterized in that the insulating elements comprise at least one insulating element made of a non-combustible insulating material for forming a firing bolt (4) and the cover (3) made of a non-combustible or at least flame-retardant material at least in the region of the firing bolt (4) is mounted. Insulating layer according to claim 11,
characterized in that the fire bolt (4) from the cover (3) is at least partially covered and / or the cover (3) overhanging the fire bolt (4) on at least one side.

Images