EP2743584A2 - Système de régulation doté d'un capteur d'oscillations, son procédé de fonctionnement et dispositif de chauffage doté d'un tel système de régulation - Google Patents

Système de régulation doté d'un capteur d'oscillations, son procédé de fonctionnement et dispositif de chauffage doté d'un tel système de régulation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2743584A2
EP2743584A2 EP13196789.5A EP13196789A EP2743584A2 EP 2743584 A2 EP2743584 A2 EP 2743584A2 EP 13196789 A EP13196789 A EP 13196789A EP 2743584 A2 EP2743584 A2 EP 2743584A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
control device
vibration sensor
combustion
vibration
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13196789.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2743584A3 (fr
Inventor
José OLIVEIRA
Luis Terra Ferreira
Joao Moura
Ricardo Vieira
Nuno Silva
Mauro Simoes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2743584A2 publication Critical patent/EP2743584A2/fr
Publication of EP2743584A3 publication Critical patent/EP2743584A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M20/00—Details of combustion chambers, not otherwise provided for, e.g. means for storing heat from flames
    • F23M20/005—Noise absorbing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/16—Systems for controlling combustion using noise-sensitive detectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/04—Measuring pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for controlling combustion
    • F23N2900/05005—Mounting arrangements for sensing, detecting or measuring devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a control device according to claim 1, a heating device with such a control device according to claim 12 and a method for operating such a control device according to claim 13.
  • Heating devices are used primarily for heating water or air. They are to be understood as combustion systems, which typically comprise a combustion chamber with an opening air supply duct and an outflowing exhaust duct. In the air supply duct and / or in the exhaust duct, a flow generator (for example a blower) is arranged to supply combustion air to the combustion chamber. In addition, a fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber. For fluid fuels such as gas or oil, a metering device, e.g. a fuel valve, the release of the fuel. An exothermic redox reaction (combustion) in the combustion chamber leads to the formation of heat, which can then be transferred by means of a heat exchanger to a heat transfer medium such as water or air.
  • a flow generator for example a blower
  • a fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber.
  • a metering device e.g. a fuel valve
  • a control device For monitoring the combustion and for power modulation, a control device is usually provided which adapts the heating power of the heating device to a requested heat quantity by changing at least one combustion parameter. Usually this is controlled to a constant air ratio (lambda), which indicates the ratio between the actual air mass available for combustion and the minimum required air mass for a complete, stoichiometric combustion. Typical values here are air numbers between 1.2 and 2.0.
  • Combustion parameters are those parameters which describe and / or influence the combustion and may include, but are not limited to, air ratio, air temperature, air composition, air pressure, humidity, fuel quantity, temperature, composition, pressure, humidity, flame shape, flame size, and Temperature, but also influences from the combustion chamber and the supplying and discharging lines such as temperatures of the combustion chamber, wall, heat exchanger and exhaust gas, also flow resistance, pipe cross-sections and lengths and much more. Not all combustion parameters can be changed by the control device.
  • a resonance oscillation of the fluid streams (air, fuel, reaction or combustion gas, exhaust gas) involved in the combustion and / or the components in contact with the fluid flows (feeding and discharging lines, combustion chamber, combustion chamber wall, heat exchanger), which occur during operation, is problematic
  • the heater is formed in certain constellations of the combustion parameters, generates disturbing operating noise and the components or their compounds can mechanically stress and even destroy each other.
  • the resonant vibrations are dependent on the above-mentioned installation and the further influencing variables and thus hardly predictable. In practice, in addition to considerable operating noise (so-called thermoacoustic resonances), they also cause increased emissions due to flame lift-off, flame flare and flashback. In addition, the resonant vibration also causes mechanical wear on the heating device, which thus has a short service life.
  • thermoacoustic oscillation is detected and a corresponding measurement signal is fed to the control / evaluation unit.
  • the air ratio is then changed so that the thermoacoustic oscillations are at least negligible.
  • the detector is placed directly in the hot zone of the burner. It must therefore be temperature resistant, which causes increased costs. Nevertheless, its life is low.
  • a proposed displacement of the detector into a cooler section of the exhaust duct is accompanied by damped oscillations, which can only be detected with particularly sensitive detectors.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to overcome these and other disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a control device, a control method and a heater, are avoided with the resonant vibrations in the operation of the heater so that less combustion emissions and noise emissions and the life of the heater is high. Note also a flexible power modulation of the heater as well as a cost-effective, structurally simple and reliable implementation.
  • the invention relates to a control device for controlling at least one combustion parameter of combustion in a fuel-fired heating device, wherein a vibration sensor is arranged on or in the control device, which is connected communicating with the control device for communicating a signal.
  • a heating device equipped with such a control device can always be operated without resonance vibrations by detecting the vibrations of the control device and, if necessary, influencing the vibrations by adjusting a combustion parameter.
  • the control program regulates an air ratio as close as possible to a predetermined air ratio, but without allowing combustion parameter combinations, which cause resonance vibrations.
  • the various installation situations of the heater and the other influencing parameters must be taken into account in the installation of the heater only to a lesser extent, whereby their installation is very simple and safe to carry out. Thus, combustion and noise emissions are avoided and the life of the heater is high. Nevertheless, a very flexible power modulation of the heater can be performed.
  • the vibration sensor kinematically fixed at least with parts of the control device and thus also be connected to the combustion chamber and / or the air supply duct and / or the exhaust duct.
  • the heating device is less complex and particularly cost-effective.
  • Such a heater is particularly suitable for heating water, as is required in buildings.
  • Another advantage is a simple retrofitting of existing heating devices with a control device according to the invention.
  • the control device in her a correlation between at least one combustion parameter and a vibration is stored.
  • a correlation it is known whether the present combustion parameter is at least suitable for causing or favoring a resonance in the present operating situation.
  • a corresponding adaptation of the combustion parameter prevents the occurrence of resonance vibrations.
  • the correlation can be determined in advance in the technical development or in the manufacturing plant. Additionally or alternatively, creation of the correlation by a e.g. self-learning setup routine in the intended installation situation. As a result, the installation situation and the other influencing factors are taken into account in the best possible way.
  • the method is supplemented by optimizing the correlation with the aid of past data of the measured vibrations and of the combustion parameter.
  • ongoing monitoring also takes into account changes that occur, such as the composition of the fuel, the composition of the combustion air, clogging of an air filter, loss of flow from the flow generator, or fouling of the fuel nozzle, combustor, and exhaust passage. The freedom from resonance is thus ensured permanently.
  • the correlation is preferably stored in the form of an algorithm in the control device. Alternatively, graphic or tabular correlations can be used.
  • the correlation preferably includes the amount of air supplied.
  • the control device therefore has a control interface for controlling a flow generator. In the installation situation, the control unit is connected in a regulating manner to a flow generator via this control interface.
  • the control device has a control interface for controlling a metering device for fuel. In the installation situation, the control device is then connected via this interface regulating with an opening into the combustion chamber metering device for fuel.
  • a fuel valve for fluid fuel is preferably provided.
  • fluid fuels especially with gaseous or liquid fuels operated heaters tend increasingly in the art to resonant vibrations that can be avoided by the method according to the invention. Less often, resonant vibrations also occur during solid combustion, for example in the combustion of biomass such as wood pellets and wood.
  • the heating device can therefore also be used for the combustion of such fuels.
  • a development stage of the control device is particularly suitable, in which the vibration sensor is arranged on a printed circuit board of the control device.
  • the vibration sensor is arranged on a printed circuit board of the control device.
  • a processor of the control device is arranged on the same printed circuit board. This is a compact, cost-effective and space-saving solution.
  • a processor of the control device offers a microcontroller. Microcontrollers are sufficiently powerful, compact and inexpensive.
  • the vibration sensor is a three-axis vibration sensor.
  • vibration bar has a high oscillation amplitude, so that more accurate measurement results are achieved even with small oscillation amplitudes of the air supply line, the exhaust duct or the combustion chamber.
  • the vibration bar should kinematically in the installation situation with the control device and / or the board and / or the Combustion chamber and / or the air supply duct and / or the exhaust duct to be connected.
  • the connection can be formed directly or indirectly via other components of the control device. It should, however, be as undamped as possible.
  • the vibration bar is kinematically connected to the combustion chamber and / or the air supply duct and / or the exhaust duct.
  • a vibration of the kinematically connected component can be determined even at very low amplitudes.
  • the vibration bar is part of a printed circuit board, in particular the printed circuit board on which the processor is arranged.
  • the vibration sensor and the printed circuit board can be made particularly favorable.
  • the vibration bar is then preferably a cantilever arm on or in the circuit board.
  • the arm geometry length, width, thickness, material
  • their vibration properties can be defined.
  • the processor and the vibration sensor including a vibration bar on a single printed circuit board.
  • the control device and / or on a printed circuit board and two or more vibration bars may be arranged, each with a vibration sensor, whereby the metrological resolution of the vibration to be detected is more precise.
  • the vibration sensor is an acceleration sensor (accelerometer) or a piezoelectronics or an acoustic sensor. These vibration sensors can detect the vibrations occurring. Acceleration sensor and piezoelectronics are characterized in particular by their measuring accuracy and the possibility of combining with a vibration bar. However, an acoustic sensor is also sufficient to detect an approaching resonance and has the advantage of lower cost.
  • the vibration sensor is an optical vibration sensor. Such is inexpensive, provides good measurement results and can be very well combined with a vibration bar.
  • the optical vibration sensor has a radiation emitter and a radiation detector, which are each arranged on a carrier element.
  • the radiation emitter and the radiation detector are stored separately and can be excited by vibrations move asynchronously.
  • the radiation emitter in this case emits radiation.
  • the radiation emitted is received by the radiation detector when the threshold value of the present vibrations is undershot, in particular completely.
  • the radiation detector then sends a continuous signal to the processor, which detects a falling below the limit.
  • the present oscillation exceeds the limit value, the radiation detector receives the emitted radiation only fractionally. He then sends a discontinuous signal to the processor, which then detects exceeding the limit.
  • a control program stored on the processor then triggers a change in at least one combustion parameter corresponding to the signal.
  • the carrier element of the radiation emitter has, according to a particular further development, a different natural frequency than the carrier element of the radiation detector.
  • the invention further relates to a fuel-fired heating device having a combustion chamber and an exhaust passage and an air supply channel, each of which is flow-connected to the combustion chamber, wherein in the exhaust passage and / or in the air supply duct, a flow generator is arranged, and a metering device for fuel in the combustion chamber or, for example together with the air supply channel, opens into a premixing chamber, and with a previously described control device for controlling at least one combustion parameter of a combustion in the heating device, wherein a vibration sensor is arranged on or in the control device and communicates with the control device for the purpose of transmitting a signal, and wherein the control device is mechanically connected to the combustion chamber and / or the exhaust duct and / or the air supply duct and / or one of the aforementioned components receiving support structure of the heater.
  • the fuel-fired heater can be permanently operated reliably without resonance.
  • the other advantages of the control device described above can be achieved.
  • the invention relates to a method for operating a previously described control device, in which determines a combustion parameter, monitors a vibration determined by the vibration sensor and the combustion parameters is adjusted when the particular vibration exceeds a threshold.
  • a control program that runs in the control device can be used.
  • the control program can be stored in a processor or microcontroller.
  • the control device is suitable to avoid resonances in the operation of a heater and to realize the other advantages of the control device described above.
  • the vibration sensor arranged in the control device detects any thermoacoustic resonance oscillations of the combustion system, communicates this to the control device, which then adjusts one or more combustion parameters so that the conditions for the formation of resonant vibrations are mitigated or eliminated, whereby the resonant vibrations decay and stop.
  • either a combustion air supplied via the feed channel and / or a fuel supplied via the metering device are metered with the combustion parameter.
  • the dosage is carried out as possible to a predetermined air ratio, of which, however, deviated to avoid resonant vibrations, in particular with the least possible deviation from the predetermined air ratio.
  • Fig. 1 In the combustion chamber 2 or one of the combustion chamber upstream premixing chamber 7 opens an air supply duct 4 for the introduction of air L, an exhaust duct 3 for the discharge of combustion gas G leads out of the combustion chamber.
  • a flow generator 5 In the air supply channel 4, a flow generator 5 is arranged.
  • a fuel feed channel 6 opening into the combustion chamber 2 or the premixing chamber 6 for fuel B is provided which comprises a metering unit 8 and a fuel nozzle.
  • the combustion chamber 2 is now an exothermic redox reaction / combustion of the fuel B feasible.
  • the premixing chamber 7 air and fuel are premixed separately from the combustion.
  • a control device 10 for controlling at least one combustion parameter of the exothermic redox reaction is shown.
  • Component of the assembly of the control device 10 is a vibration sensor 20 which is mechanically coupled together with the control device 10 with the combustion chamber 2. This coupling is alternatively conceivable with the premixing chamber, the air, fuel or exhaust duct.
  • the vibration sensor 20 (data) communicating with a processor 15 of the control device 10 is connected.
  • a control program P and a correlation K between one or more combustion parameters and a vibration (thermoacoustic resonance oscillation) are stored.
  • the combustion parameters include the amount of supplied air L, in particular characterized by the power of the flow generator 5, and an amount of fuel supplied B.
  • control device 10 is connected in a regulating manner with the metering unit 8 for the fuel B via a control interface 14 and with the flow generator 5 in a regulating manner via a further control interface 13.
  • the measured vibrations from the processor 15 can be compared to a limit value. If the measured vibration exceeds a predeterminable limit value, the oscillation is regulated to a value below the limit value by changing at least one of the combustion parameters.
  • the changed combustion parameter may be the quantity of the supplied air L, in particular the power of the flow generator 5, and / or the supplied amount of fuel B, in particular the power of the metering unit 8.
  • the metering unit can be configured as a valve or as a pump.
  • the changing of the at least one combustion parameter takes place, in particular, with the aid of the correlation K, which describes a behavioral model of the oscillations as a function of the combustion parameters.
  • the correlation K can be continuously optimized with the aid of past data of the measured oscillations and historical data of the combustion parameter and adapted to changing conditions.
  • the control device regulates the air ratio as close as possible to a predetermined air ratio, but without allowing combustion parameter combinations, which cause resonant vibrations.
  • Fig. 2 shows a control device 10, wherein a vibration sensor 20 is part of the assembly of the control device 10.
  • the control device 10 initially comprises a planar printed circuit board 11, on which a processor 15, in particular a microcontroller 12 is arranged.
  • a control program P In the microcontroller 12, a control program P, a correlation K and also a limit value of the permissible oscillation are stored.
  • the vibration sensor 20 On the printed circuit board 11 of the control device 10, the vibration sensor 20 is additionally arranged.
  • the vibration sensor 20 is an optical vibration sensor 21. It has a radiation emitter 22 (or 23) and a radiation detector 23 (or 22) arranged on a support member 24, 25, 30, respectively.
  • the carrier elements 24, 25, 30 are each formed by subregions of the printed circuit board 11.
  • a part of the optical vibration sensor 21, in particular the radiation detector 23, is arranged on a vibration bar 30.
  • the latter is formed by a cantilever arm 31 of the printed circuit board 11.
  • the radiation emitter 22 lies on a much less flexible region 32 of the printed circuit board 11.
  • the radiation emitter 22 emits radiation and the radiation detector 23 approximately completely receives the emitted radiation when it falls below the limit value of the present oscillation.
  • the radiation detector 23 then sends a continuous signal S to the processor 15 of the controller 10, which detects based on falling below the limit. If, however, the limit value is exceeded, the radiation detector 23 receives the emitted radiation only fractionally. This happens when the vibration bar 31 with the Radiation detector (or emitter) 23 is excited by thermoacoustic resonance vibrations of the combustion gas / exhaust gas and / or the combustion chamber walls to a vibration of higher amplitude or different frequency or phase shift than the radiation emitter (or detector) 22.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown.
  • the position of the control device 10 and the vibration sensor 20 and the air supply duct 4 the exhaust duct 3 or the support structure of the heater can be selected.
  • the type of metering device 6 of the fuel B different than in Fig. 1 be designed. Please refer to the general description.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP13196789.5A 2012-12-13 2013-12-12 Système de régulation doté d'un capteur d'oscillations, son procédé de fonctionnement et dispositif de chauffage doté d'un tel système de régulation Withdrawn EP2743584A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012024348.0A DE102012024348A1 (de) 2012-12-13 2012-12-13 Regeleinrichtung mit einem Schwingungssensor, Verfahren zu deren Betrieb und Heizeinrichtung mit einer solchen Regeleinrichtung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2743584A2 true EP2743584A2 (fr) 2014-06-18
EP2743584A3 EP2743584A3 (fr) 2018-01-17

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EP13196789.5A Withdrawn EP2743584A3 (fr) 2012-12-13 2013-12-12 Système de régulation doté d'un capteur d'oscillations, son procédé de fonctionnement et dispositif de chauffage doté d'un tel système de régulation

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EP (1) EP2743584A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE102012024348A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109268875A (zh) * 2017-07-18 2019-01-25 安萨尔多能源公司 用于生产电能的燃气涡轮设备

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102023120334A1 (de) * 2023-08-01 2025-02-06 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Heizungsanlage, Heizgerät, Computerprogramm, Regel- und Steuergerät und Verwendung eines Durchflusssensors

Citations (2)

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JPS60163647U (ja) * 1984-04-09 1985-10-30 三洋電機株式会社 燃焼装置
DE102007059701A1 (de) 2007-12-10 2009-06-18 Gaswärme-Institut e.V. Verfahren zur Regelung eines Gasbrenners

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JP2880398B2 (ja) * 1994-03-18 1999-04-05 株式会社山武 燃焼制御装置
DE19542918A1 (de) * 1995-11-17 1997-05-22 Asea Brown Boveri Vorrichtung zur Dämpfung thermoakustischer Druckschwingungen
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US6522991B2 (en) * 2001-05-04 2003-02-18 United Technologies Corporation Suppressing oscillations in processes such as gas turbine combustion
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60163647U (ja) * 1984-04-09 1985-10-30 三洋電機株式会社 燃焼装置
DE102007059701A1 (de) 2007-12-10 2009-06-18 Gaswärme-Institut e.V. Verfahren zur Regelung eines Gasbrenners

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109268875A (zh) * 2017-07-18 2019-01-25 安萨尔多能源公司 用于生产电能的燃气涡轮设备

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Publication number Publication date
DE102012024348A1 (de) 2014-06-18
EP2743584A3 (fr) 2018-01-17

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