Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
  • H01L31/0521—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
  • H02S40/40—Thermal components
  • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic panels with heat exchanger.
• It relates more particularly to a device comprising solar capture modules comprising photovoltaic cells and heat exchangers, the assembly being arranged in such a way as to optimize the efficiency of the photovoltaic cells and to transport the heat energy sensed in an optimized manner.
• the solar radiation capture modules constituting the solar panels are intended for photovoltaic or thermal use.
• the solar panels currently used usually comprise either photovoltaic cells for producing electricity, or thermal sensors designed to recover the heat produced by absorption of solar radiation. It is nevertheless clear that the combination of the two functions in the same panel area would make it possible to multiply the possibilities of installing this type of device on the roofs of dwellings which are always limited in terms of area, especially if one takes into consideration the orientation with respect to the sun.
• modules include photovoltaic cells and heat exchange means
• the latter are not intended to transmit the heat energy captured, by heat transfer effect, to a water heater for example, but to participate in the cooling of the cells photovoltaic systems in order to increase the efficiency of the latter.
• the presence of heat capture means is only intended to facilitate the cooling of the photovoltaic cells, the heat energy produced during the capture of solar radiation is not valued.
• a planar module consisting of photovoltaic cells constitutes a layer of the device and is superimposed on a tubular network in which flows in a rectangular parallelepiped in the plane of photovoltaic cells.
• Planar composite structures are thus obtained comprising a plane of photovoltaic cells under which is placed in contact with this plane, a cooling device which captures the thermal energy dissipated by the cells; this device may consist of a circulation of cooling fluid, gas or liquid.
• the patent FR 2 924 664 (PROISY e.), For example describes a device having a set of photovoltaic cells on a first face intended to be exposed to solar radiation, a heat exchanger on a second face for the passage of a cooling fluid consisting in particular of pulsed air passage means.
• the FR patent. 2,779,275 discloses a device formed of modules comprising photovoltaic cells covering the heat exchangers carrying the coolant. In this case, it is still a plate of photovoltaic cells covering a sheath containing a heat transfer fluid and arranged in a coil.
• modules composed of photovoltaic cells, under the face of which is an aluminum plate covering a heat exchanger, with heat transfer fluid.
• the assembly can meet the needs of electrical energy and liquid to be heated.
• Patent EP 1693 901 (BIUCCHI S., MANTONVANI M.) discloses a hybrid device consisting of photovoltaic cells included in a closed circular chamber in the center of which is disposed a conical device reflector of light, intended to enclose the largest possible amount of photons in order to pass them on to the cells that cover the walls of the room. On a part of the walls of the chamber may also be arranged a heat exchanger without it being used for cooling the photovoltaic cells or to optimize the heat transfer fluid surface in contact with the sun's rays.
• the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a device comprising solar capture modules comprising photovoltaic cells and heat exchangers, or more generally heat exchange means, the assembly being arranged to optimize the efficiency of the photovoltaic cells and to transport the heat energy produced in an optimized manner.
• the subject of the invention is a photovoltaic module with a heat exchanger, comprising a plurality of panels consisting of photovoltaic cells, characterized in that it further comprises a load-bearing structure itself comprising a non-planar outer surface forming a exposure face defining a fairway with a flat central base bounded by two side walls, intended to be exposed to solar radiation and carrying the photovoltaic cell panels, and a heat transfer area having a surface intended to come into contact with a fluid coolant circulating on its surface.
• the heat energy stored and produced by the photovoltaic cell panels is thus transmitted by the supporting structure to the coolant, said structure acting as a heat pipe.
• the supporting structure consists of flattened conduits over substantially their entire length, arranged along the length of the channel and in which circulates a heat transfer fluid, said pipes forming a means of transporting said coolant inside the structure, said pipes forming the central base and the walls of the channel, the photovoltaic cell panels being fixed on the walls of said pipes exposed to solar radiation which form the exposure face of the structure, the walls internal pipes forming the heat transfer zone.
• the central element and the lateral elements forming said means for transporting the coolant constitute cooling means for said photovoltaic cell panels.
• the ducts forming the supporting structure are arranged to form a channel having substantially a U-shape in cross section.
• the device according to the invention comprising an arrival element, or arrival transport means, of the heat transfer fluid and a starting element, or starting transport means, of said fluid, said conduits conduct the fluid. coolant from the means for transporting the heat transfer fluid to the means for transporting the heat transfer fluid.
• said heat transfer fluid inlet and outlet means are configured so that they can be interconnected by a heat exchanger for cooling the heat transfer fluid after it passes through the supporting structure.
• the heat transfer fluid inlet and outlet elements are configured so that they can be interconnected externally by a heat exchanger which carries out the cooling of the coolant after it has passed through the device.
• the supporting structure is constituted by a block of good thermal conductor material having a non-planar exposure face forming a channel on the walls of which the panels of photovoltaic cells are fixed, and a heat transfer face forming an open cavity and a plate of conductive material forming a cover for this cavity.
• Said cavity comprises a plurality of longitudinal grooves the ends of said grooves opening on two transverse grooves.
• Said heat transfer face is configured such that when the cavity formed is covered by the cover plate, the longitudinal and transverse grooves form separate channels in which the heat transfer fluid circulates, the transverse pipes communicating with the two transverse pipes by their ends.
• the lid is provided with two diametrically opposed holes arranged to open at opposite ends of the two pipes formed by the transverse grooves.
• the transverse grooves are configured to form a distribution pipe heat transfer fluid at the inlet of the longitudinal ducts and a collector of the heat transfer fluid at the outlet of the longitudinal ducts.
• Said transverse pipes each have a section that varies continuously along their length, the inlet and outlet ports of the heat transfer fluid being arranged to open on the widest ends of said pipes.
• the lid comprises at each of the orifices means for fixing a connection element for connecting the device with an external system for circulating and conditioning the heat transfer fluid.
• each module comprises a means of refraction and reflection of the sun's rays housed in the space delimited by the walls of the exposure face which carry the panels of photovoltaic cells.
• a passive optical device is housed in the inner cavity of the channel, said device comprising two semi-transparent blades arranged so as to form the adjacent faces of a triangular prism the edge joining these two faces being directed out of the channel; said semi-reflecting strips being dimensioned so as to reflect a portion of the direct radiation received by the exposure face on one or the other of the walls of the channel.
• the subject of the invention is also a photovoltaic panel with a heat exchanger, comprising a plurality of photovoltaic modules with heat exchangers according to the invention, juxtaposed with each other, the supporting structures of the various modules being mechanically associated to form a common load-bearing structure comprising an exposure face forming a plurality of channels on the walls of which are mounted the photovoltaic cell panels constituting the different modules and a heat transfer surface covering all the modules, the single supporting structure to optimize the space occupied by the panel thus formed.
• said panel comprises a system for circulating the coolant and for conditioning the coolant, which system itself comprises a heat exchanger for cooling the coolant having passed through the cavity forming the heat exchange zone of the panel, before returning to the panel.
• said panel further comprises, fixed on the most peripheral side walls of the supporting structure, two additional photovoltaic panels and two additional reflectors, one of said reflectors being fixed on each of the lateral edges of the supporting structure, these reflectors additional ones being arranged to reflect solar radiation to the panel with which it is associated.
• the invention also relates to a global system for producing energy, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of photovoltaic panels according to the invention and means for using the heat produced in the heat exchanger to heat a reserve of water.
• FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of two solar capture modules according to a first embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 2 represents a partial longitudinal sectional view, in a plane parallel to the laying plane of the module, of one of the ends of two solar capture modules according to the first embodiment, these modules being connected to the means of transport of coolant heat transfer fluid;
• - Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a module according to the first embodiment surrounded by two lateral cooling means and a central cooling means;
• - Figure 4 shows a longitudinal section in top view of a photovoltaic panel with heat exchanger according to the first embodiment of the invention;
• FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a module according to a variant of the first embodiment of the invention surrounded by two lateral cooling means and a central cooling means;
• FIG. 6 an overview of a supporting structure of the device according to the invention in a second embodiment, the structure being common to two modules;
• FIG. 10 a schematic front view of a photovoltaic panel with heat exchanger according to the invention.
• the invention has the effect of allowing, knowing the available floor area for implanting solar collectors, to have a larger exposed area than the floor area by varying the volume effect of the surface. exposure of the modules of the device according to the invention, non-planar surface in principle.
• the device according to the invention comprises a thermodynamic cooling means photovoltaic cells whose performance in electricity production are thus improved.
• the device according to the invention consists of a photovoltaic module comprising a load-bearing structure having a non-planar solar exposure face forming a base wall bounded by side walls.
• This surface defines a channel, a groove, whose flat base wall represents the bottom.
• the lateral walls are more or less inclined, the angle of inclination with respect to the plane defined by the base wall, as well as the width of the base wall and the height of the side walls being a function of the desired illumination.
• each of the walls, both the base wall and the side walls, is covered with a panel of photovoltaic cells.
• the load bearing structure of the photovoltaic module has a heat exchange face defining a heat transfer zone in which circulates a heat transfer fluid.
• the heat transfer zone of the structure is configured to maximize contact and heat exchange with the heat transfer fluid.
• the heat transfer zone is configured and dimensioned so that during its circulation inside this zone, the coolant remains in contact with the heat exchange face of the structure for a sufficiently long time so that it recovers enough heat energy transmitted by the supporting structure so that the photovoltaic cells remain below their maximum temperature of use, given the expected sunlight, and preferably near the optimum temperature.
• the heat transfer zone further includes a fluid inlet path terminated by an inlet port and a fluid exit path terminated by an exit port. These two paths are dimensioned and arranged inside the supporting structure so that between the inlet and the outlet, the heat transfer fluid travels the entire heat exchange zone with a flow rate preferably constant.
• the inlet and outlet ports are furthermore provided with terminations for connecting the outlet orifice to the inlet orifice via an external heat exchanger, so as to evacuate and possibly to recover the heat energy transported by the heat transfer fluid after its passage in the heat exchange zone of the supporting structure.
• the supporting structure that performs the heat transfer is made of a good thermal conductive material, brass, copper or aluminum, for example.
• the thermal contact between the supporting structure and the solar capture means, the photovoltaic cell panels may furthermore, according to the embodiment, be reinforced by interposing an interface layer made of a good thermal conductive material, or a thermal conductive paste. between the two elements.
• Figures 1 to 5 show, as an example of implementation, a first embodiment of the invention.
• a photovoltaic panel with a heat exchanger comprises, as illustrated in FIG. 1, a set of photovoltaic modules 2 according to the invention, comprising photovoltaic transformation means, 3, 3 ' and 4, and heat conversion means 5, 1 1, or more precisely heat exchange.
• the heat exchange means 5, 1 1 consist of means for circulating a heat transfer fluid along the heat exchange face of each module. These means have for each module a central element (1 1) in contact with the base (4) of each photovoltaic transformation means, and lateral elements (6) in contact with the side walls (3) of each of these means. They thus form a support for the photovoltaic transformation means, 3, 3 'and 4.
• the photovoltaic transformation means 3, 3 'and 4 preferably photovoltaic cells, dissipate, when they are lit, thermal energy which is recovered by the heat-transforming means 5, 11 which are responsible for capturing and transferring the heat energy produced by the photovoltaic transformation means 3, 3 'and 4.
• each photovoltaic module comprises three longitudinal and planar portions. These three parts are connected to each other on their longest sides.
• the assembly forming a channel "U" closed at each end having a base face, or central portion 4a and two faces, or side portions 3a and 3a '.
• the central portion 4 is bonded on each of its lengths to a lateral portion 3 and 3 '.
• the assembly thus formed has a concave face 3a, 3a 'and 4a delimiting channel 14 or exposure face intended to be illuminated by solar radiation, and a convex face 3b, 3b' and 4b forming an external face for transfer of heat energy.
• the flat base that constitutes the central part of the "U” is covered on one side 4a of a photovoltaic film responsible for receiving the solar radiation to transform them into electrical energy.
• the photovoltaic film preferably consists of a set of photovoltaic cells covering the surface of the base 4a.
• the two parts or side walls 3 and 3 ' are also covered over their entire surface with the face situated on the same side 3a, 3a' as the photovoltaic face 4a of the central part, of a photovoltaic film.
• the inner part of the "U in other words the channel 14, thus constitutes a solar radiation trap dedicated to transforming this solar energy into electricity.
• the solar radiation capture surface is thus increased relative to that obtained with a flat surface that would be equivalent to the area occupied by the central portion 4 of the "U".
• the modules 2 constituting a photovoltaic panel with heat exchanger six modules for example, the Lateral and central heat transfer means 1 1 constitute the U-shaped frame of each of the modules 2.
• the heat transfer means, which carry the photovoltaic cells on their surface, constitute the supporting structure of each photovoltaic module. .
• the heat transfer means 5, 1 1 are hollow flattened copper pipes inside which circulates a coolant liquid 6. These pipes thus also form the heat exchange zone of the supporting structure, area that occupies here, therefore, the entire volume of the load-bearing structure formed by the pipes themselves.
• Said heat transfer means in which circulates the coolant, are constituted, for example, copper pipes of thirty to thirty two millimeters in diameter, flattened and arranged longitudinally, as illustrated in Figure 1 in particular.
• the pipes are about eight centimeters wide, which corresponds substantially to the passage height of the heat transfer fluid.
• the thickness of the passage is then about two millimeters. It is perfectly conceivable to use pipes of different height as long as they are flat and allow to fulfill two functions, that of heat transfer fluid transport and that of the chassis.
• the length of each of the pipes (5, 1 1) being fixed, the photovoltaic panel produced has a given base area.
• the exploitable thermal surface is advantageously superior.
• the floor area occupied by the panel is approximately equal to thirty three centimeters by thirty three centimeters, or about eleven square decimetres. While the exploitable area is about forty eight square decimetres.
• Such a panel allows the assembly of one hundred and twenty solar cells of 0.5 V for 400 mA, 76 mm on 46 mm.
• the glue used is preferably an electrically insulating glue.
• the photovoltaic modules form U-shaped cavities so that the inner side walls 3a and 3a 'of the modules are substantially perpendicular to the base 4a.
• these modules fulfill as much a role of absorption and transformation of photons into electricity as of reflection of these photons towards the central part 4a, thus making it possible to concentrate a larger quantity of photons in the module for transforming light radiation into electrical energy (photovoltaic module).
• each side wall 3 and 3 ' ie the height of the walls of the channel
• the surface of each wall is equal to one and a half times the area of the central part.
• the total area of the photovoltaic cell panels is 4 times greater than the area required to position the complete module composed by these panels of photovoltaic cells.
• the exchange surface is therefore greater than the sunlight area received.
• the solar radiation capture surface is substantially greater than the area occupied on the ground by a photovoltaic module 2 according to the invention.
• the device For a square meter of sunshine received, ie ground-level, surface taken by a flat photovoltaic panel, the device provides four square meters of exchange area.
• the heat transport fluid transport pipes are connected on one side of the panel, at one of their ends, to a means for transporting the cold heat transfer fluid 7, which feeds the various pipes 6 in heat transfer fluid, while they are connected, at their other end, to the means for transporting the heated coolant 8 , or collector, which recovers the coolant after passing through the heat exchange zone of the device.
• Said fluid transport means are, for example, collectors consisting of copper pipes thirty to thirty millimeters in diameter, welded to a hollow copper element sealing and transporting the heat transfer fluid to the inlet and outlet of each of the means of transport (5, 1 1) of said fluid, in other words the flattened pipes in which circulates the heat transfer fluid inside the device.
• each of the "U" of the photovoltaic modules 2 are positioned means for reflection and refraction of the sun's rays. This is to trap the largest possible amount of solar radiation captured transformable by photovoltaic cells.
• a reflector 9 made of rigid plastic or glass or any other material having known properties of reflection and / or refraction of the sun and substantially transparent and convex is placed at the bottom of each "U".
• a semi-reflective flat plate 10 is positioned obliquely between two opposite lengths of the same diagonal of the rectangular parallelepiped formed by the "U”.
• the reflector may consist of two rectangular plates connected on one of their length and forming an inverted V 13 inside the "U".
• Figures 6 to 10 show, as an example of implementation also, a second embodiment of the invention.
• each photovoltaic panel with heat exchanger comprises, as illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, a set of modules (2) comprising photovoltaic transformation means 3, 3 'and 4 and one bearing structure 62 comprising a heat transfer zone for evacuating the heat energy produced by the photovoltaic transformation means.
• the heat transfer means comprise two elements 61 and 62, the element 62 constituting the supporting structure of the photovoltaic transformation means 3, 3 'and 4.
• the supporting structure 62 is preferably, but not necessarily, common to a set of photovoltaic modules with heat exchanger according to the invention.
• a common supporting structure advantageously makes it possible to juxtapose a set of devices on a minimal surface.
• the structure 62 has an exposure face 63, intended to receive the solar radiation and a heat exchange face 64 which constitutes the heat transfer zone.
• the exposure face 63 is constituted by a non-planar surface (ie not inscribed in a plane) forming, according to whether a structure is produced comprising one or more devices according to the invention, one or more channels 65, each channel being consisting of a flat base 66 and oblique walls 67 and 68, on which are mounted the photovoltaic cells which constitute the photovoltaic transformation means 3, 3 'and 4 of a module, or photovoltaic panels.
• the heat exchange face 64 for its part, is a surface which comprises a set of longitudinal grooves, along the axis oy mentioned in FIG. 6, housed in the thickness of the material, which substantially cover the assembly of a central part of the heat exchange face 64, the periphery of the exchange face constituting a flat edge 72, as illustrated in FIG. 8.
• transverse grooves 81 and 82 placed at the two ends 69 and 61 1 corresponding to the front and rear faces of the structure and which constitute two channels on which the longitudinal grooves 71 open.
• transverse grooves 81 and 82 also made in the thickness of the material, have a section which varies continuously over their length, and therefore two ends of different sections.
• these two grooves have substantially identical and each have an outer edge substantially parallel to the front wall or rear of the structure 62, as shown in Figure 8.
• the two transverse grooves 81 and 82 are further arranged such that the narrower end 83 of the transverse groove 81 is positioned opposite the widest end 86 of the groove 82.
• the grooves 71, 81 and 82 may have a section of variable shape, such as a triangular section, as shown in Figure 7, or a circular or rectangular section.
• the bearing structure 62 is made of a material chosen for its thermal conduction qualities, a metallic material such as copper or aluminum, for example.
• the supporting structure 62 is associated with a flat element 61 forming a cover which is intended to be mounted on the supporting structure, against the heat exchange face 64 so as to close the longitudinal 71 and transverse grooves 81 and 82 and to form a structure hollow hollow consists of a plurality of separate channels whose ends open into the two cavities formed by the grooves 81 and 82 also closed by the element 61.
• These channels have the function of circulating the coolant inside the heat exchange zone so that the latter comes into contact with the surface 64.
• the dimensions of the longitudinal grooves are preferably defined so to maximize the heat exchange surface.
• the element 61 is preferably made of the same material as the supporting structure 62.
• the longitudinal 71 and transverse grooves 81 and 82 are made in such a way that the fixing of the element 61 on the supporting structure 62 brings the inner face of the element 61 into contact with the edges of each of the flutes, so that each groove thus covered forms a separate channel from the other channels constituted by the other flutes.
• the cover 61 is fixed on the heat exchange face 64 by screws 101, as shown in FIG. 10.
• it then comprises holes 73 through which the screws pass to come to meet each other. housed in the threads 74 provided for this purpose on the structure 62.
• this assembly can be carried out by any known sealing assembly, by welding or brazing the cover on the face 64 for example.
• the cover 61 comprises, as shown in Figure 9, two orifices 91 and 92 which pass through from one side. These two orifices are positioned so as to open into one or the other of the cavities constituted by the transverse grooves 81 and 82 when the lid is mounted on the supporting structure 62, at the widest end of the cavity considered. These grooves are artificially materialized by dashed lines 93 and 94 in FIG. 9.
• these orifices are surrounded by fixing points, threaded holes 95 for example, arranged so as to allow the attachment, by means of a flange, for example, of a nozzle or more generally of an interface, allowing connect a pipe to the device.
• the photovoltaic modules consist of panels, themselves made of photovoltaic cells. Each module is thus housed in a channel 65, the panels constituting this module being arranged on the base 66 and the walls 67 and 68 of the corresponding channel. These panels are fixed on the walls 66, 67 and 68 by any means likely to ensure good thermal contact with these walls and, consequently, with the entire bearing structure 62.
• the device according to the invention comprises a bearing structure which also constitutes the means for transferring thermal energy to a heat transfer fluid which circulates inside this structure through pipes, the photovoltaic modules being fixed directly on this supporting structure.
• the device according to the invention is designed, in this second embodiment as in the first embodiment, to be associated with a fluid circulation circuit circulating a coolant fluid, a preferably cooled fluid, through the pipes. housed in the supporting structure.
• the heat transfer fluid circulates in the hollow structure delimited by the face 64 of the supporting structure 62 and by the internal face of the cover 61.
• the orifices 91 and 92 are equipped with means for connecting the pipes to the device, the connection nozzles 1002 and 1003, as shown in Figure 10, for example.
• the coolant is thus introduced into the hollow structure through the inlet orifice 91 and opens into the distribution pipe formed by the transverse groove 81 where it is distributed in the pipes formed by the longitudinal grooves 71. After passing through the various longitudinal ducts, the fluid opens into the manifold constituted by the pipe formed by the transverse groove 82 and spring of the device through the outlet orifice 92 and is reintroduced into the circulation circuit.
• grooves 81 and 82 advantageously makes it possible to form a distribution pipe and a manifold which ensure that the fluid is distributed in the various longitudinal pipes with a substantially constant pressure.
• the heat transfer fluid thus comes into contact with the heat transfer face 64 of the supporting structure 62 in such a way that heat transfer occurs between the bearing structure and the fluid.
• coolant the first transmitting to the second the thermal energy that is transmitted to it by the photovoltaic panels.
• This exchange ensures the cooling of the supporting structure and consequently that of the photovoltaic panels.
• the temperature of the heat transfer liquid at the outlet is higher than its inlet temperature.
• the coolant circulation circuit is generally designed to ensure the injection into the device of a coolant whose temperature is lower than the temperature of the device in operation. It may for example consist of a set of distribution pipes connected to the inlet of the device according to the invention and a set of collection pipes connected to the outlet of the same device, these sets of pipes being mounted respectively on the outlet and the entry of a cooling system.
• the device according to the invention comprises means for increasing the illumination of the photovoltaic cells constituting the panels arranged on the side walls of the surface. 'exposure.
• These means are constituted here for each module of a hollow semi-reflective element 1004, of triangular section whose length is substantially equal to that of the channel 65 on the walls of which the panels 3, 3 'and 4 are arranged. As illustrated in FIG.
• the direct light rays illuminating perpendicularly the exposure surface of the device are thus partially transmitted to the photovoltaic panel placed on the base 66 of the channel 65, as indicated by the arrow 1006, and partially reflected on the panels placed on the side walls 67 and 68, as indicated by the arrow 1007.
• a panel fixed on a given wall advantageously receives at both direct radiation under a given incidence and radiation reflected by one or the other of the walls of the element 1004.
• the proportions of direct illumination and reflection illumination are mainly a function of the index of reflection of the material and geometry of the device and the angle of incidence of solar irradiance on the wall considered.
• the device according to the invention in an implementation variant of the second embodiment, may advantageously comprise on the most peripheral lateral walls of the supporting structure 62, which walls do not define no channel, two additional photovoltaic panels 1008 and 1009.
• an additional reflector, 1013, 1014 is attached to each of the side edges 1015 and 1016 of the supporting structure.
• These additional reflectors are arranged, as shown in Figure 10, so as to reflect solar radiation to the panel (1008, 1009) with which it is associated.
• the cooling system of the coolant circulation circuit may consist, as has been said previously, in a simple system. cooling.
• the device then simply plays the role of photovoltaic generator.
• it may consist of a heat exchange system integrated for example with a hot water production system.
• the device according to the invention advantageously plays both a role of an electric power generator and a solar hot water production system, so that the thermal energy dissipated by the photovoltaic panels is not evacuated in vain. The overall energy efficiency is thus significantly improved.
• the solar hot water production system can be connected to a water balloon conventionally used in the implementation of solar water heaters, while the photovoltaic cells can be connected to a means of accumulation of electrical energy. In this way it is advantageously possible to have a complete system for producing electrical energy and thermal energy and for storing these energies.
• the photovoltaic module with heat exchanger is a device which can advantageously be in unitary form comprising a bearing structure having an exposure face forming a channel with a base and side walls adapted to receive photovoltaic panels, the latter being fixed on the base and on the side walls, and having a heat transfer zone in which a heat transfer fluid is intended to circulate.
• the supporting structure thus advantageously serves both as a support for photovoltaic transformation means and as a heat exchange structure.
• the module according to the invention is generally intended to be associated with other identical modules to form structures of larger size, which are called solar panels, by simple juxtaposition of modules.
• the modules forming the structure are made inseparably.
• the carrier structure is then a continuous structure whose exposure face has a juxtaposition of channels 65 as shown in Figure 1 or Figure 10 for example.

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• 2011
  • 2011-08-04 FR FR1102437A patent/FR2978815B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2012
  • 2012-08-03 EP EP12743722.6A patent/EP2740161A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-08-03 US US14/236,890 patent/US20140150848A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2012-08-03 WO PCT/EP2012/065212 patent/WO2013017677A2/fr active Application Filing

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