EP2736118A1 - Nested-loop antenna system and vehicle including such an antenna system - Google Patents

Nested-loop antenna system and vehicle including such an antenna system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2736118A1
EP2736118A1 EP13194112.2A EP13194112A EP2736118A1 EP 2736118 A1 EP2736118 A1 EP 2736118A1 EP 13194112 A EP13194112 A EP 13194112A EP 2736118 A1 EP2736118 A1 EP 2736118A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filiform
antenna system
elements
antenna
filiform elements
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13194112.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2736118B1 (en
Inventor
Frédéric Ngo Bui Hung
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to loop antenna systems.
  • the invention relates to a loop antenna system comprising a first electrically conductive filamentary element forming a loop portion.
  • the filiform conducting element of these systems generates a radiating surface.
  • the instantaneous bandwidth of these systems is low because of the smallness of the resistance of radiation R r .
  • a known solution for increasing the radiation resistance R r of these antennal systems is to increase the physical length of the filiform element, which results in an increase in the area S of the radiation surface.
  • the increase in the dimensions of the filiform element tends to place the anti-resonance frequency of the antennal system, that is to say the frequency where the input impedance of the antenna becomes very large. and difficult to adapt, in the range of useful frequencies of the system, which prevents the use of the antenna system at frequencies close to this anti-resonance frequency and therefore over the entire range of useful frequencies.
  • a high energy efficiency for this type of system requires limiting the useful bandwidth.
  • One of the objects of the invention is to propose an antennal system that does not have these disadvantages.
  • the invention relates to an antennal system of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the antenna system further comprises a second filamentary element electrically conductive and forming a loop portion, and in that the two filiform elements have lengths different from each other.
  • the invention relates to a land vehicle, air or naval, characterized in that it comprises at least one antenna system according to the invention.
  • the vehicle comprises two antenna systems according to the invention, the antenna systems being identical to one another and being arranged side by side and parallel to each other.
  • the Figure 1 illustrates a machine 2 according to the invention.
  • the vehicle 2 is intended for land application, and is for example an all-terrain vehicle.
  • the machine 2 comprises an antenna loop system 4 according to the invention, hereinafter system 4, as well as a metal surface 6.
  • the metal surface 6 includes the roof and the hood of the vehicle.
  • the system 4 is intended to operate in the frequency range 2 MHz - 30 MHz, and preferably in the frequency range 2 MHz - 12 MHz.
  • the system 4 comprises a ground plane 7, two filamentary elements of respective references 8a, 8b and a mounting base 10, hereinafter base 10.
  • the system 4 comprises an impedance matching box 12, also known as the English “Antenna Tuning Unit” (referred to as ATU 12), and a connecting cable 14 connecting the ATU 12 to the base 10.
  • the ground plane 7 of the system 4 is able to provide a mass reference to the system 4 and is formed by the metal surface 6 of the machine 2.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b are electrically conductive and are adapted to emit and receive electromagnetic waves. They are for example made from copper steel.
  • they comprise a fiberglass core surrounded by a copper braid, or are made from any suitable material known to those skilled in the art.
  • filiform is meant that the dimensions of the elements 8a, 8b in the direction of their length are of an order of magnitude much greater than the order of magnitude of the dimensions of the elements 8a, 8b according to the other directions, and that the dimensions of elements 8a, 8b in directions other than its length are of substantially the same order of magnitude.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b are elastically deformable.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b consist of a single section.
  • At least one of the filiform elements 8a, 8b is made from a plurality of sections connected to each other. They are then mounted or disassembled respectively to assemble, disassemble the filiform element 8a, 8b corresponding. This has the effect of minimizing the size of the system 4 on the machine 2 when the system 4 is not required.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b have respective lengths I a , I b having an order of magnitude less than the wavelengths of the preferential working frequencies of the system 4.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b have lengths I a , I b of between 3 m and 6 m.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b have lengths I a , I b of between 3 m and 10 m. This variant is advantageously implemented when the machine 2 has a suitable size to do this.
  • the lengths I, Ib filiform elements 8a, 8b are different from each other.
  • the filiform element 8a is the shortest of the two.
  • the length l a, I b of the filiform element 8a, 8b is longer than the length l a, I b of the filiform element 8a, 8b shortest more than 50%.
  • the length I a , I b of the filiform element 8a, 8b the longest is substantially equal to twice the length I a , I b of the filiform element 8a, 8b the shortest. This is an optimal compromise between the congestion of the system 4 and its radio performance.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b are fixed on the ground plane 7.
  • each element 8a, 8b is inserted into the base 10 in an orifice (not shown) that the base 10 comprises.
  • each element 8a, 8b is fixed on the ground plane 7 via a grounding piece well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b each form a loop portion.
  • the dimensions of the loop portions are obtained by properly positioning the location of the attachment on the ground plane 7 of the end of the filiform elements 8a, 8b via the grounding piece.
  • the two filiform elements 8a, 8b, and therefore the portions of loops that they delimit, are substantially included in a plane P a , respectively P b .
  • the two planes P a , P b form between them an angle ⁇ .
  • the value of the angle ⁇ contributes to determining the level of radioelectric coupling between the radiating surfaces formed by the filiform elements 8a, 8b.
  • the angle ⁇ between the planes P a , P b is less than 45 °, and preferably less than 10 °.
  • the angle ⁇ is substantially zero, which maximizes the radio-frequency coupling between the radiating surfaces and minimizes the lateral size of the antennal system.
  • the value of the angle ⁇ is likely to vary under the effect of the acceleration and deceleration of the machine 2.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b are sufficiently rigid so that the angle ⁇ remains less than 45 °, and preferably less than 10 ° during the displacement of the machine 2.
  • the necessary rigidity is obtained by varying the diameter of filiform elements 8a, 8b.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b each generate a radiation surface S1, respectively S2 delimited on the one hand by the corresponding filiform element, and on the other hand by the ground plane 7.
  • the radiation surfaces S1, S2 are substantially included in the corresponding plane P a , P b .
  • the two radiation surfaces S1, S2 have the same general shape.
  • the surfaces S1, S2 formed by the elements 8a, 8b are both substantially semicircular.
  • the loop portions formed by the filiform elements 8a, 8b both form rectangle or triangle portions.
  • the surfaces S1, S2 have a general shape different from each other.
  • the two surfaces S1, S2 have different areas.
  • S1 will designate the radiation area of smaller area of the two, that is to say the area delimited by the small filiform element 8a.
  • the loop portions formed by the two filiform elements 8a, 8b are nested one inside the other.
  • the surface S1 appears as fully included in the surface S2 when the system 4 is observed from the side.
  • This nesting has the effect of minimizing the congestion of the system 4.
  • the base 10 makes it possible to fix the filiform elements 8a, 8b on the ground plane 7 while ensuring the electrical insulation of the filiform elements of the ground plane, and allows the electrical connection of the filiform elements to the connection cable 14 and to the ATU 12.
  • the base 10 comprises a first portion 101 electrically insulating and a second portion 102 electrically conductive.
  • the two parts 101, 102 are cylindrical and have the same diameter.
  • the first part 101 is fixed on the ground plane 7 and is made of electrically insulating dielectric material.
  • the second part 102 is fixed on the first part 101 and is made of metal. Because of the first part 101, it is electrically isolated from the ground plane 7.
  • the second portion 102 is provided with the orifices (not shown) in which one of the ends of each of the filiform elements 8a, 8b is fixed, as indicated above.
  • the second portion 102 receives one end of the connection cable 14.
  • connection cable 14 is electrically connected to the ends of the two filiform elements 8a, 8b inserted in the base 10.
  • the ATU 12 is adapted to adapt the impedance of the system 4, that is to say to maximize the electrical power exchanged between the system 4 respectively and an RF transmission / reception device (not shown) to which the system 4 is coupled.
  • ATU 12 is on the ground plane 7.
  • it is located on board the machine 2, for example in a cavity located under the ground plane 7.
  • the ATU 12 is electrically connected to the base 10 via the connection cable 14, and provides the same radiofrequency signal to the two filiform elements 8a, 8b.
  • the ATU 12 delivers the same RF signal to the filiform elements 8a, 8b through the base 10. The current flows through the filiform elements 8a, 8b and loops back to the ground plane 7.
  • the anti-resonance frequency of the system 4 is modified with respect to a system having a single filiform element, and more specifically is distinct from the frequency of anti-resonance that would present the system comprising only one or other filiform elements 8a, 8b.
  • the coupling of the filiform elements 8a, 8b in the system 4 according to the invention lowers the impedance of the system to its anti-resonance frequency, and allows its adaptation by an ATU, and thus improves its performance. global energy.
  • the instantaneous bandwidth of the system according to the invention which derives from the radiation resistance, is substantially increased because it comprises two radiation surfaces S1, S2, and therefore a total radiation surface greater than that of a system comprising only one or the other filiform elements 8a, 8b.
  • the impedance of the 3 MHz system is 0.002 + 66 j ⁇ .
  • the anti-resonance frequency of this system is 23.7 MHz.
  • the system impedance at this anti-resonance frequency is 19000 ⁇ .
  • the radiation resistance - which corresponds to the real part of the impedance - of the system 4 at low frequencies has substantially increased, and more precisely substantially doubled.
  • the impedance of the system 4 at its anti-resonance frequency has decreased by a ratio close to ten.
  • the machine 2 is a ship, the metal surface 6 corresponding for example to the deck of the ship.
  • the filiform elements it is preferable to make the filiform elements so that their mechanical strength is greater than that of the elements of a system adapted for a land vehicle.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b consist of a tube or of several tubes fixed successively to each other, for example by welding.
  • the tubes are for example made from aluminum.
  • the machine 2 comprises two systems 4 according to the invention substantially identical to one another and arranged side by side substantially parallel to each other.
  • the metal surface 6 of the machine 2 forms the common ground plane 7 of the two systems 4.
  • the ATUs 12 of the two systems 4 are both connected to the same transmission / reception device associated with the systems 4, for example via a power divider, and are for example controlled in accordance with the command described in FIG. FR 2 829 622 .
  • This variant of the vehicle 2 according to the invention has the effect of increasing the allowable power of the device formed by the two systems 4 arranged in parallel, as well as increasing the radiation resistance corresponding to the low frequencies of the range of use.
  • the system 4 does not include a ground plane 7.
  • the base 10 consists solely of the electrically conductive second portion 102 previously described
  • system 4 comprises a secondary base 10 'identical to the base 10.
  • the two bases 10, 10 ' are respectively connected to one of two symmetrical channels 121, 122 that comprises the ATU 12 and are fixed vertically to the ATU 12, for example by means of conductive rigid connecting rods. electrically and arranged parallel to one another, and which provide the same function as the connection cable 14 described above and the physical maintenance of the assembly.
  • each filamentary element 8a, 8b are for one inserted in the base 10, and for the other in the secondary base 10 '.
  • the loop portions formed by the filiform elements 8a, 8b both have a substantially circular shape.
  • the radiation surfaces S1, S2 are generated solely by the filiform elements 8a, 8b.
  • This variant is advantageously implemented when it is not possible or when it is not desired to use a ground plane.
  • the loop portions both have a generally triangular or rectangular shape.
  • the two loop portions defined by the filiform elements 8a, 8b are nested one inside the other, respectively substantially contained in a plane, the two planes thus defined forming an angle less than 45 °, and preferably lower at 10 °.
  • This variant of the invention may in turn be implemented on a machine 2 according to the invention, in which two systems according to this variant of the invention are arranged side by side with each other, the two planes P has filiform elements 8a, 8b of one and the other of the systems being substantially parallel and located at a distance from each other between 50 cm and 100 cm.
  • the vehicle 2 is an aircraft.
  • the system 4 is devoid of ATU 12.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b are for example directly connected to the radiofrequency transmission / reception device which device 4 is coupled.
  • the two filiform elements 8a, 8b are also powered with the same radio frequency signal.
  • the coupling of the filiform elements 8a, 8b resulting in particular from their supply by the same radio frequency signal makes it possible to lower the impedance of the antenna system 4 to its anti-resonance frequency.
  • the system 4 is configured for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves by ionospheric reflections.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b are intended to radiate mainly in a direction of vertical radiation.
  • the antenna 4 is configured to mainly radiate in a direction of radiation orthogonal to the ground plane 7.
  • the ground plane 7 is then arranged substantially horizontally.
  • the antenna 4 is configured to radiate mainly along a median axis loops formed by the filiform elements 8a, 8b and passing between the base 10 and the sub-base 10 '.
  • the direction of radiation of the antenna 4 results from the ratio between the wavelengths of the frequencies preferentially used by the system 4 and the length of the filiform elements 8a, 8b. More particularly, the length of the filiform elements 8a, 8b is smaller than the wavelengths of the preferential frequencies of the system 4. For example, a frequency of 2 MHz corresponds to a wavelength of 150 m, and a frequency of 12 MHz corresponds to a length of 25 m. These lengths are of an order of magnitude greater than the length of the filiform elements 8a, 8b.

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Abstract

The system has electrically conductive filiform elements (8a, 8b) forming a loop portion, where the filiform elements have different length with respect to one another. The length of one of the filiform elements is more than 50 % longer than length of the other filiform element. A fastening base (10) fastens the filiform elements. The fastening base includes an electrically conductive part in which ends of each filiform element are fastened. An antenna tuning unit (12) is electrically connected to the electrically conductive part to supply the elements with same radiofrequency signal.

Description

La présente invention concerne les systèmes antennaires à boucle.The present invention relates to loop antenna systems.

Plus spécifiquement, l'invention concerne un système antennaire à boucle comportant un premier élément filiforme conducteur électriquement et formant une portion de boucle.More specifically, the invention relates to a loop antenna system comprising a first electrically conductive filamentary element forming a loop portion.

Ces systèmes sont notamment utilisés dans le domaine des télécommunications dans la bande HF, par exemple sur terre ou en mer, et reposent sur l'utilisation des réflexions ionosphériques quasi-verticales (connues sous le nom anglais de « Near Vertical Sky Waves ») pour la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques qu'ils émettent et reçoivent.These systems are particularly used in the field of telecommunications in the HF band, for example on land or at sea, and rely on the use of quasi-vertical ionospheric reflections (known as Near Vertical Sky Waves) for the propagation of the electromagnetic waves that they emit and receive.

De manière connue, l'élément conducteur filiforme de ces systèmes génère une surface rayonnante. La résistance de rayonnement Rr de cette surface est reliée à son aire S et à la longueur d'onde de travail λ par la relation suivante : R r = 320 ⁢ π 4 S 2 / λ 4

Figure imgb0001
In known manner, the filiform conducting element of these systems generates a radiating surface. The radiation resistance R r of this surface is connected to its area S and to the working wavelength λ by the following relation: R r = 320 ⁢ π 4 S 2 / λ 4
Figure imgb0001

Aux basses fréquences de la plage de fonctionnement de ces systèmes antennaires, c'est-à-dire aux grandes longueurs d'onde de travail λ, la bande passante instantanée de ces systèmes est faible du fait de la petitesse de la résistance de rayonnement Rr.At the low frequencies of the operating range of these antennal systems, that is to say at long working wavelengths λ, the instantaneous bandwidth of these systems is low because of the smallness of the resistance of radiation R r .

Au vu de la relation (1), une solution connue pour augmenter la résistance de rayonnement Rr de ces systèmes antennaires est d'augmenter la longueur physique de l'élément filiforme, ce qui se traduit par une augmentation de l'aire S de la surface de rayonnement.In view of the relation (1), a known solution for increasing the radiation resistance R r of these antennal systems is to increase the physical length of the filiform element, which results in an increase in the area S of the radiation surface.

Toutefois, cette solution ne donne pas entière satisfaction.However, this solution does not give complete satisfaction.

En effet, l'augmentation des dimensions de l'élément filiforme tend à placer la fréquence d'anti-résonance du système antennaire, c'est-à-dire la fréquence où l'impédance d'entrée de l'antenne devient très grande et difficilement adaptable, dans la plage des fréquences utiles du système, ce qui empêche l'utilisation du système antennaire aux fréquences proches de cette fréquence d'anti-résonance et donc sur la totalité de la plage de fréquences utiles. Ainsi, un rendement énergétique élevé pour ce type de système impose de limiter la bande passante utile.Indeed, the increase in the dimensions of the filiform element tends to place the anti-resonance frequency of the antennal system, that is to say the frequency where the input impedance of the antenna becomes very large. and difficult to adapt, in the range of useful frequencies of the system, which prevents the use of the antenna system at frequencies close to this anti-resonance frequency and therefore over the entire range of useful frequencies. Thus, a high energy efficiency for this type of system requires limiting the useful bandwidth.

L'un des objets de l'invention est de proposer un système antennaire ne présentant pas ces inconvénients.One of the objects of the invention is to propose an antennal system that does not have these disadvantages.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne un système antennaire du type précité, caractérisé en ce que le système antennaire comporte en outre un deuxième élément filiforme conducteur électriquement et formant une portion de boucle, et en ce que les deux éléments filiformes présentent des longueurs différentes l'une de l'autre.To this end, the invention relates to an antennal system of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the antenna system further comprises a second filamentary element electrically conductive and forming a loop portion, and in that the two filiform elements have lengths different from each other.

Selon d'autres aspects de l'invention, le système antennaire comprend une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques techniques suivantes, prises isolément ou selon toute(s) combinaison(s) techniquement possible(s) :

  • la longueur de l'élément filiforme le plus long est supérieure à la longueur de l'élément filiforme le plus court de plus de 50% ;
  • la longueur de l'élément filiforme le plus long est sensiblement égale au double de la longueur de l'élément filiforme le plus court ;
  • le premier élément filiforme est sensiblement compris dans un premier plan, le deuxième élément filiforme est sensiblement compris dans un deuxième plan, et le premier et le deuxième plans forment entre eux un angle inférieur à 45°, et de préférence inférieur à 10° ;
  • les portions de boucle formées par les éléments filiformes sont imbriquées l'une dans l'autre ;
  • le système antennaire comprend une embase de fixation pour la fixation des éléments filiformes, l'embase de fixation comportant une deuxième partie conductrice électriquement dans laquelle une extrémité de chaque élément filiforme est fixée ;
  • le système antennaire comprend également un boîtier d'accord d'impédance raccordé électriquement à la deuxième partie pour l'alimentation des deux éléments filiformes avec un même signal radiofréquence ;
  • le système antennaire comprend une embase secondaire de fixation dans laquelle les autres extrémités des éléments filiformes sont fixées, le boîtier d'accord d'impédance présentant deux voies symétriques raccordées pour l'une à l'embase de fixation, et pour l'autre à l'embase secondaire de fixation ;
  • le système antennaire comprend un plan de masse, ladite embase de fixation comprenant une première partie isolante électriquement fixée sur ledit plan de masse et sur laquelle la deuxième partie est fixée, les autres extrémités des éléments filiformes étant fixées au plan de masse ;
  • le système antennaire est destiné à l'émission et la réception d'ondes électromagnétiques de fréquence comprise entre 2 MHz et 30 MHz.
According to other aspects of the invention, the antenna system comprises one or more of the following technical characteristics, taken separately or in any technically possible combination (s):
  • the length of the longer filiform element is greater than the length of the shortest filiform element of more than 50%;
  • the length of the longest filiform element is substantially equal to twice the length of the shortest filiform element;
  • the first filiform element is substantially comprised in a first plane, the second filiform element is substantially comprised in a second plane, and the first and second planes form between them an angle less than 45 °, and preferably less than 10 °;
  • the loop portions formed by the filiform elements are nested one inside the other;
  • the antenna system comprises a fixing base for fixing the filiform elements, the fixing base comprising a second electrically conductive part in which one end of each filiform element is fixed;
  • the antenna system also comprises an impedance matching box electrically connected to the second part for feeding the two filiform elements with the same radio frequency signal;
  • the antenna system comprises a secondary fixing base in which the other ends of the filiform elements are fixed, the impedance matching box having two symmetrical channels connected for one to the mounting base, and for the other to the secondary mounting base;
  • the antenna system comprises a ground plane, said fixing base comprising a first insulating part electrically fixed on said ground plane and on which the second part is fixed, the other ends of the filiform elements being fixed to the ground plane;
  • the antenna system is intended for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves of frequency between 2 MHz and 30 MHz.

En outre, l'invention concerne un véhicule terrestre, aérien ou naval, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un système antennaire selon l'invention.In addition, the invention relates to a land vehicle, air or naval, characterized in that it comprises at least one antenna system according to the invention.

Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, le véhicule comprend deux systèmes antennaires selon l'invention, les systèmes antennaires étant identiques l'un à l'autre et étant disposés côte à côte et parallèlement l'un à l'autre.According to another aspect of the invention, the vehicle comprises two antenna systems according to the invention, the antenna systems being identical to one another and being arranged side by side and parallel to each other.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux Figures annexées sur lesquelles :

  • la Figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'un engin selon l'invention ;
  • la Figure 2 est une représentation schématique d'un système antennaire selon l'invention ;
  • la Figure 3 est une représentation schématique d'un engin selon une variante de l'invention; et
  • la Figure 4 est une représentation schématique d'un système antennaire selon une variante de l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the detailed description which follows, given solely by way of example and with reference to the appended figures in which:
  • the Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a machine according to the invention;
  • the Figure 2 is a schematic representation of an antennal system according to the invention;
  • the Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a machine according to a variant of the invention; and
  • the Figure 4 is a schematic representation of an antennal system according to a variant of the invention.

La Figure 1 illustre un engin 2 selon l'invention. L'engin 2 est destiné à une application terrestre, et est par exemple un véhicule tout terrain. L'engin 2 comprend un système antennaire à boucle 4 selon l'invention, ci-après système 4, ainsi qu'une surface métallique 6.The Figure 1 illustrates a machine 2 according to the invention. The vehicle 2 is intended for land application, and is for example an all-terrain vehicle. The machine 2 comprises an antenna loop system 4 according to the invention, hereinafter system 4, as well as a metal surface 6.

Dans l'exemple de la Figure 1, la surface métallique 6 comprend le toit et le capot du véhicule.In the example of the Figure 1 , the metal surface 6 includes the roof and the hood of the vehicle.

Le système 4 est destiné à fonctionner dans la gamme de fréquence 2 MHz - 30 MHz, et préférentiellement dans la gamme de fréquence 2 MHz - 12 MHz.The system 4 is intended to operate in the frequency range 2 MHz - 30 MHz, and preferably in the frequency range 2 MHz - 12 MHz.

En référence à la Figure 2, le système 4 comprend un plan de masse 7, deux éléments filiformes de références respectives 8a, 8b ainsi qu'une embase de fixation 10, ci-après embase 10. En outre, le système 4 comprend un boîtier d'accord d'impédance 12, également connu sous le nom anglophone de « Antenna Tuning Unit » (qui signifie unité d'adaptation d'antenne), et désigné par ATU 12 dans ce qui suit, et un câble de connexion 14 raccordant l'ATU 12 à l'embase 10.With reference to the Figure 2 , the system 4 comprises a ground plane 7, two filamentary elements of respective references 8a, 8b and a mounting base 10, hereinafter base 10. In addition, the system 4 comprises an impedance matching box 12, also known as the English "Antenna Tuning Unit" (referred to as ATU 12), and a connecting cable 14 connecting the ATU 12 to the base 10.

Le plan de masse 7 du système 4 est propre à fournir une référence de masse au système 4 et est formé par la surface métallique 6 de l'engin 2.The ground plane 7 of the system 4 is able to provide a mass reference to the system 4 and is formed by the metal surface 6 of the machine 2.

Les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sont conducteurs électriquement et sont propres à émettre et recevoir des ondes électromagnétiques. Ils sont par exemple réalisés à partir d'acier cuivré.The filiform elements 8a, 8b are electrically conductive and are adapted to emit and receive electromagnetic waves. They are for example made from copper steel.

En variante, ils comprennent un coeur en fibre de verre entouré d'une tresse cuivrée, ou bien sont réalisés à partir de tout matériau adapté connu de l'homme du métier.Alternatively, they comprise a fiberglass core surrounded by a copper braid, or are made from any suitable material known to those skilled in the art.

Par « filiforme », on entend que les dimensions des éléments 8a, 8b dans le sens de leur longueur sont d'un ordre de grandeur très supérieur à l'ordre de grandeur des dimensions des éléments 8a, 8b selon les autres directions, et que les dimensions des éléments 8a, 8b selon les directions autres que sa longueur sont sensiblement du même ordre de grandeur.By "filiform" is meant that the dimensions of the elements 8a, 8b in the direction of their length are of an order of magnitude much greater than the order of magnitude of the dimensions of the elements 8a, 8b according to the other directions, and that the dimensions of elements 8a, 8b in directions other than its length are of substantially the same order of magnitude.

En outre, les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sont déformables élastiquement.In addition, the filiform elements 8a, 8b are elastically deformable.

Les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sont constitués d'un seul tronçon.The filiform elements 8a, 8b consist of a single section.

En variante, l'un au moins des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b est réalisé à partir d'une pluralité de tronçons raccordés les uns aux autres. Ils sont alors montés ou démontés pour respectivement monter, démonter l'élément filiforme 8a, 8b correspondant. Ceci a pour effet de permettre de minimiser l'encombrement du système 4 sur l'engin 2 lorsque le système 4 n'est pas requis.As a variant, at least one of the filiform elements 8a, 8b is made from a plurality of sections connected to each other. They are then mounted or disassembled respectively to assemble, disassemble the filiform element 8a, 8b corresponding. This has the effect of minimizing the size of the system 4 on the machine 2 when the system 4 is not required.

Les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b présentent des longueurs respectives Ia, Ib présentant un ordre de grandeur inférieur aux longueurs d'onde des fréquences de travail préférentielles du système 4.The filiform elements 8a, 8b have respective lengths I a , I b having an order of magnitude less than the wavelengths of the preferential working frequencies of the system 4.

Plus spécifiquement, les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b ont des longueurs Ia, Ib comprises entre 3 m et 6 m.More specifically, the filiform elements 8a, 8b have lengths I a , I b of between 3 m and 6 m.

En variante, les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b ont des longueurs Ia, Ib comprises entre 3 m et 10 m. Cette variante est avantageusement mise en oeuvre lorsque l'engin 2 présente une taille adaptée pour ce faire.As a variant, the filiform elements 8a, 8b have lengths I a , I b of between 3 m and 10 m. This variant is advantageously implemented when the machine 2 has a suitable size to do this.

En outre, les longueurs Ia, Ib des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sont différentes l'une de l'autre. Dans l'exemple de la Figure 2, l'élément filiforme 8a est le plus court des deux.In addition, the lengths I, Ib filiform elements 8a, 8b are different from each other. In the example of the Figure 2 the filiform element 8a is the shortest of the two.

Plus spécifiquement, la longueur Ia, Ib de l'élément filiforme 8a, 8b le plus long est supérieure à la longueur Ia, Ib de l'élément filiforme 8a, 8b le plus court de plus de 50 %.More specifically, the length l a, I b of the filiform element 8a, 8b is longer than the length l a, I b of the filiform element 8a, 8b shortest more than 50%.

Ceci augmente les performances radioélectriques du système 4, comme on le verra par la suite.This increases the radio performance of the system 4, as will be seen later.

Préférentiellement, la longueur Ia, Ib de l'élément filiforme 8a, 8b le plus long est sensiblement égale au double de la longueur Ia, Ib de l'élément filiforme 8a, 8b le plus court. Ceci constitue un compromis optimal entre l'encombrement du système 4 et ses performances radioélectriques.Preferably, the length I a , I b of the filiform element 8a, 8b the longest is substantially equal to twice the length I a , I b of the filiform element 8a, 8b the shortest. This is an optimal compromise between the congestion of the system 4 and its radio performance.

Comme illustré sur la Figure 2, les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sont fixés sur le plan de masse 7.As illustrated on the Figure 2 , the filiform elements 8a, 8b are fixed on the ground plane 7.

Plus spécifiquement pour le raccord des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b à l'ATU 12, l'une des extrémités de chaque élément 8a, 8b est insérée dans l'embase 10 dans un orifice (non représenté) que l'embase 10 comporte.More specifically for the connection of the filiform elements 8a, 8b to the ATU 12, one end of each element 8a, 8b is inserted into the base 10 in an orifice (not shown) that the base 10 comprises.

L'autre extrémité de chaque élément 8a, 8b est fixée sur le plan de masse 7 via une pièce de mise à la masse bien connue de l'homme du métier.The other end of each element 8a, 8b is fixed on the ground plane 7 via a grounding piece well known to those skilled in the art.

Les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b forment chacun une portion de boucle.The filiform elements 8a, 8b each form a loop portion.

En pratique, les dimensions des portions de boucle sont obtenues via le positionnement adéquat de l'emplacement de la fixation sur le plan de masse 7 de l'extrémité des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b via la pièce de mise à la masse.In practice, the dimensions of the loop portions are obtained by properly positioning the location of the attachment on the ground plane 7 of the end of the filiform elements 8a, 8b via the grounding piece.

Les deux éléments filiformes 8a, 8b, et donc les portions de boucles qu'ils délimitent, sont sensiblement compris dans un plan Pa, respectivement Pb.The two filiform elements 8a, 8b, and therefore the portions of loops that they delimit, are substantially included in a plane P a , respectively P b .

Les deux plans Pa, Pb forment entre eux un angle α.The two planes P a , P b form between them an angle α.

La valeur de l'angle α contribue à déterminer le niveau de couplage radioélectrique entre les surfaces rayonnantes formées par les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b.The value of the angle α contributes to determining the level of radioelectric coupling between the radiating surfaces formed by the filiform elements 8a, 8b.

Avantageusement, l'angle α entre les plans Pa, Pb est inférieur à 45°, et de préférence inférieur à 10°.Advantageously, the angle α between the planes P a , P b is less than 45 °, and preferably less than 10 °.

Ceci a pour effet d'augmenter le couplage radioélectrique entre les surfaces rayonnantes et d'optimiser l'encombrement latéral du système antennaire.This has the effect of increasing the radio coupling between the radiating surfaces and optimizing the lateral bulk of the antennal system.

Préférentiellement, l'angle α est sensiblement nul, ce qui maximise le couplage radioélectrique entre les surfaces rayonnantes et minimise l'encombrement latéral du système antennaire.Preferably, the angle α is substantially zero, which maximizes the radio-frequency coupling between the radiating surfaces and minimizes the lateral size of the antennal system.

En pratique, la valeur de l'angle α est susceptible de varier sous l'effet de l'accélération et de la décélération de l'engin 2.In practice, the value of the angle α is likely to vary under the effect of the acceleration and deceleration of the machine 2.

Préférentiellement, les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sont suffisamment rigides pour que l'angle α demeure inférieur à 45°, et de préférence inférieur à 10° lors du déplacement de l'engin 2. En pratique, la rigidité nécessaire est obtenue en faisant varier le diamètre des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b.Preferably, the filiform elements 8a, 8b are sufficiently rigid so that the angle α remains less than 45 °, and preferably less than 10 ° during the displacement of the machine 2. In practice, the necessary rigidity is obtained by varying the diameter of filiform elements 8a, 8b.

Comme indiqué ci-dessus, les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b génèrent chacun une surface de rayonnement S1, respectivement S2 délimitées d'un part par l'élément filiforme correspondant, et d'autre part par le plan de masse 7. Les surfaces de rayonnement S1, S2 sont sensiblement comprises dans le plan Pa, Pb correspondant.As indicated above, the filiform elements 8a, 8b each generate a radiation surface S1, respectively S2 delimited on the one hand by the corresponding filiform element, and on the other hand by the ground plane 7. The radiation surfaces S1, S2 are substantially included in the corresponding plane P a , P b .

Préférentiellement, les deux surfaces de rayonnement S1, S2 présentent une même forme générale.Preferably, the two radiation surfaces S1, S2 have the same general shape.

Dans l'exemple de la Figure 2, les surfaces S1, S2 formées par les éléments 8a, 8b sont toutes deux sensiblement semi-circulaires.In the example of the Figure 2 , the surfaces S1, S2 formed by the elements 8a, 8b are both substantially semicircular.

En variante, les portions de boucles formées par les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b forment toutes deux des portions de rectangle ou de triangle.Alternatively, the loop portions formed by the filiform elements 8a, 8b both form rectangle or triangle portions.

En variante encore, les surfaces S1, S2 présentent une forme générale différente l'une de l'autre.In another variant, the surfaces S1, S2 have a general shape different from each other.

Du fait que les deux éléments 8a, 8b sont de longueurs différentes, les deux surfaces S1, S2 présentent des aires différentes.Because the two elements 8a, 8b are of different lengths, the two surfaces S1, S2 have different areas.

Dans ce qui suit, S1 désignera la surface de rayonnement de plus petite aire parmi les deux, c'est-à-dire la surface délimité par le petit élément filiforme 8a.In what follows, S1 will designate the radiation area of smaller area of the two, that is to say the area delimited by the small filiform element 8a.

Les portions de boucles formées par les deux éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sont imbriquées l'une dans l'autre.The loop portions formed by the two filiform elements 8a, 8b are nested one inside the other.

Par « imbriquées », on entend que la plus petite des portions de boucle apparaît comme intégralement comprise dans l'aire délimitée par la plus grande portion de boucle lorsque le système 4 est observé depuis une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'une de deux surfaces S1, S2.By "nested" is meant that the smallest of the loop portions appears to be wholly within the area delimited by the largest loop portion when the system 4 is observed from a direction substantially perpendicular to one of two S1 surfaces. , S2.

En d'autres termes, en référence à la Figure 2, la surface S1 apparaît comme intégralement comprise dans la surface S2 lorsque le système 4 est observé depuis le côté.In other words, with reference to the Figure 2 , the surface S1 appears as fully included in the surface S2 when the system 4 is observed from the side.

Cette imbrication a pour effet de minimiser l'encombrement du système 4.This nesting has the effect of minimizing the congestion of the system 4.

L'embase 10 permet la fixation des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sur le plan de masse 7 tout en assurant l'isolation électrique des éléments filiformes du plan de masse, et permet le raccord électrique des éléments filiformes au câble de connexion 14 et à l'ATU 12.The base 10 makes it possible to fix the filiform elements 8a, 8b on the ground plane 7 while ensuring the electrical insulation of the filiform elements of the ground plane, and allows the electrical connection of the filiform elements to the connection cable 14 and to the ATU 12.

A cet effet, l'embase 10 comprend une première partie 101 isolante électriquement et une deuxième partie 102 conductrice électriquement. Les deux parties 101, 102 sont cylindriques et présentent le même diamètre.For this purpose, the base 10 comprises a first portion 101 electrically insulating and a second portion 102 electrically conductive. The two parts 101, 102 are cylindrical and have the same diameter.

La première partie 101 est fixée sur le plan de masse 7 et est réalisée en matériau diélectrique isolant électriquement.The first part 101 is fixed on the ground plane 7 and is made of electrically insulating dielectric material.

La deuxième partie 102 est fixée sur la première partie 101 et est réalisée en métal. Du fait de la première partie 101, elle est isolée électriquement du plan de masse 7.The second part 102 is fixed on the first part 101 and is made of metal. Because of the first part 101, it is electrically isolated from the ground plane 7.

La deuxième partie 102 est pourvue des orifices (non représentés) dans lesquels l'une des extrémités de chacun des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b est fixée, comme indiqué précédemment.The second portion 102 is provided with the orifices (not shown) in which one of the ends of each of the filiform elements 8a, 8b is fixed, as indicated above.

En outre, la deuxième partie 102 reçoit une extrémité du câble de connexion 14.In addition, the second portion 102 receives one end of the connection cable 14.

Du fait que la deuxième partie 102 est conductrice électriquement, le câble de connexion 14 est raccordé électriquement aux extrémités des deux éléments filiformes 8a, 8b insérées dans l'embase 10.Since the second portion 102 is electrically conductive, the connection cable 14 is electrically connected to the ends of the two filiform elements 8a, 8b inserted in the base 10.

L'ATU 12 est propre à adapter l'impédance du système 4, c'est-à-dire à maximiser la puissance électrique échangée entre le système 4 respectivement et un dispositif d'émission/réception RF (non représenté) auquel le système 4 est couplé.The ATU 12 is adapted to adapt the impedance of the system 4, that is to say to maximize the electrical power exchanged between the system 4 respectively and an RF transmission / reception device (not shown) to which the system 4 is coupled.

L'ATU 12 se situe sur le plan de masse 7.ATU 12 is on the ground plane 7.

En variante, il se situe à bord de l'engin 2, par exemple dans une cavité située sous le plan de masse 7.In a variant, it is located on board the machine 2, for example in a cavity located under the ground plane 7.

Comme indiqué précédemment, l'ATU 12 est raccordé électriquement à l'embase 10 via le câble de connexion 14, et fournit le même signal radiofréquence aux deux éléments filiformes 8a, 8b.As indicated above, the ATU 12 is electrically connected to the base 10 via the connection cable 14, and provides the same radiofrequency signal to the two filiform elements 8a, 8b.

Le fonctionnement du système 4 selon l'invention va maintenant être décrit en référence aux Figures 1 et 2.The operation of the system 4 according to the invention will now be described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 .

Lors du fonctionnement du système 4, l'ATU 12 délivre un même signal RF aux éléments filiformes 8a, 8b à travers l'embase 10. Le courant parcourt les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b et se reboucle sur le plan de masse 7.During the operation of the system 4, the ATU 12 delivers the same RF signal to the filiform elements 8a, 8b through the base 10. The current flows through the filiform elements 8a, 8b and loops back to the ground plane 7.

Du fait que le système antennaire 4 comprend deux éléments filiformes 8a, 8b de longueurs différentes, la fréquence d'anti-résonance du système 4 est modifiée par rapport à un système présentant un unique élément filiforme, et plus précisément est distincte de la fréquence d'anti-résonance que présenterait le système ne comprenant que l'un ou l'autre des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b.Since the antenna system 4 comprises two filiform elements 8a, 8b of different lengths, the anti-resonance frequency of the system 4 is modified with respect to a system having a single filiform element, and more specifically is distinct from the frequency of anti-resonance that would present the system comprising only one or other filiform elements 8a, 8b.

Ceci a pour effet que lorsque la fréquence de travail vaut sensiblement la fréquence d'anti-résonance du système 4, cette fréquence de travail est éloignée des fréquences d'anti-résonance des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b. Ceci permet de bénéficier d'une impédance du système 4 à sa fréquence d'anti-résonance qui est plus faible que pour un système à un seul élément filiforme.This has the effect that when the working frequency is substantially the anti-resonance frequency of the system 4, this working frequency is away from the anti-resonance frequencies of filiform elements 8a, 8b. This makes it possible to benefit from an impedance of the system 4 at its anti-resonance frequency which is lower than for a system with a single filiform element.

En d'autres termes, le couplage des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b dans le système 4 selon l'invention abaisse l'impédance du système à sa fréquence d'anti-résonance, et permet son adaptation par un ATU, et améliore donc son rendement énergétique global.In other words, the coupling of the filiform elements 8a, 8b in the system 4 according to the invention lowers the impedance of the system to its anti-resonance frequency, and allows its adaptation by an ATU, and thus improves its performance. global energy.

En outre, la bande passante instantanée du système selon l'invention, qui découle de la résistance de rayonnement, est sensiblement augmentée du fait qu'il comprend deux surfaces de rayonnement S1, S2, et donc une surface de rayonnement totale supérieure à celle d'un système ne comprenant que l'un ou l'autre des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b.In addition, the instantaneous bandwidth of the system according to the invention, which derives from the radiation resistance, is substantially increased because it comprises two radiation surfaces S1, S2, and therefore a total radiation surface greater than that of a system comprising only one or the other filiform elements 8a, 8b.

Pour un système antennaire de l'état de la technique comprenant un unique élément filiforme plié de façon à former un demi-cercle de deux mètres de diamètre, il a été modélisé que l'impédance du système à 3 MHz vaut 0.002 + 66 j Ω. La fréquence d'anti-résonance de ce système vaut 23,7 MHz. L'impédance du système à cette fréquence d'anti-résonance vaut 19000 Ω.For a antennal system of the state of the art comprising a single filiform element folded so as to form a semicircle of two meters in diameter, it has been modeled that the impedance of the 3 MHz system is 0.002 + 66 j Ω . The anti-resonance frequency of this system is 23.7 MHz. The system impedance at this anti-resonance frequency is 19000 Ω.

Comparativement, pour un système 4 selon l'invention dans lequel l'élément filiforme 8a se présente sous la forme d'un demi cercle de deux mètres de diamètre et l'élément filiforme 8b se présente sous la forme d'un demi cercle de quatre mètres de diamètre, il a été simulé que l'impédance du système à 3 MHz vaut 0.004 + 40 j Ω. Du fait de la présence des deux éléments 8a, 8b, la fréquence d'anti-résonance du système 4 vaut 17,8 MHz. La valeur de l'impédance du système 4 selon l'invention à cette fréquence et obtenue par simulation vaut 2400 Ω.Comparatively, for a system 4 according to the invention in which the filiform element 8a is in the form of a half circle of two meters in diameter and the filiform element 8b is in the form of a half circle of four meters of diameter, it has been simulated that the impedance of the 3 MHz system is 0.004 + 40 j Ω. Due to the presence of the two elements 8a, 8b, the anti-resonance frequency of the system 4 is 17.8 MHz. The value of the impedance of the system 4 according to the invention at this frequency and obtained by simulation is 2400 Ω.

On constate ainsi que dans un système 4 selon l'invention, la résistance de rayonnement - qui correspond à la partie réelle de l'impédance - du système 4 aux basses fréquences a sensiblement augmenté, et plus précisément a sensiblement doublé.It can thus be seen that in a system 4 according to the invention, the radiation resistance - which corresponds to the real part of the impedance - of the system 4 at low frequencies has substantially increased, and more precisely substantially doubled.

En outre, l'impédance du système 4 à sa fréquence d'anti-résonance a diminué d'un rapport proche de dix.In addition, the impedance of the system 4 at its anti-resonance frequency has decreased by a ratio close to ten.

En variante, l'engin 2 est un navire, la surface métallique 6 correspondant par exemple au pont du navire.Alternatively, the machine 2 is a ship, the metal surface 6 corresponding for example to the deck of the ship.

Dans le cadre de cette variante, il est préférable de réaliser les éléments filiformes de sorte que leur tenue mécanique soit supérieure celle des éléments d'un système adapté pour un véhicule terrestre.In the context of this variant, it is preferable to make the filiform elements so that their mechanical strength is greater than that of the elements of a system adapted for a land vehicle.

Aussi, dans le cadre de cette variante, les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sont constitués d'un tube ou de plusieurs tubes fixés successivement les uns aux autres, par exemple par soudage. Les tubes sont par exemple réalisés à partir d'aluminium.Also, in the context of this variant, the filiform elements 8a, 8b consist of a tube or of several tubes fixed successively to each other, for example by welding. The tubes are for example made from aluminum.

En variante, en référence à la Figure 3, l'engin 2 comprend deux systèmes 4 selon l'invention sensiblement identiques l'un à l'autre et disposés côte à côte sensiblement parallèlement l'un à l'autre.Alternatively, with reference to the Figure 3 the machine 2 comprises two systems 4 according to the invention substantially identical to one another and arranged side by side substantially parallel to each other.

Plus précisément, ils sont agencés l'un relativement à l'autre de sorte que les plans Pa respectifs des deux systèmes 4 soient parallèles l'un à l'autre, les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b respectifs des deux systèmes étant situés à une distance les uns des autres comprise entre 50 et 100 cm. Cette distance a pour effet de prévenir la mise en contact des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b des deux systèmes 4 lorsque ceux-ci se déforment sous l'effet de l'accélération ou de la décélération de l'engin 2.More precisely, they are arranged relative to each other so that the respective planes P a of the two systems 4 are parallel to each other, the respective filiform elements 8 a, 8 b of the two systems being situated at a distance from one another. distance from each other between 50 and 100 cm. This distance has the effect of preventing the filiform elements 8a, 8b of the two systems 4 coming into contact when they deform under the effect of the acceleration or deceleration of the machine 2.

La surface métallique 6 de l'engin 2 forme le plan de masse 7 commun des deux systèmes 4.The metal surface 6 of the machine 2 forms the common ground plane 7 of the two systems 4.

Les ATU 12 des deux systèmes 4 sont tous deux raccordés à un même dispositif d'émission/réception associé aux systèmes 4, par exemple via un diviseur de puissance, et sont par exemple commandés de façon conforme à la commande décrite dans FR 2 829 622 .The ATUs 12 of the two systems 4 are both connected to the same transmission / reception device associated with the systems 4, for example via a power divider, and are for example controlled in accordance with the command described in FIG. FR 2 829 622 .

Cette variante de l'engin 2 selon l'invention a pour effet d'augmenter la puissance admissible du dispositif formé par les deux systèmes 4 disposés en parallèle, ainsi que d'augmenter la résistance de rayonnement correspondante aux basses fréquences de la plage d'utilisation.This variant of the vehicle 2 according to the invention has the effect of increasing the allowable power of the device formed by the two systems 4 arranged in parallel, as well as increasing the radiation resistance corresponding to the low frequencies of the range of use.

En variante encore, en référence à la Figure 4, le système 4 ne comprend pas de plan de masse 7.In another variant, with reference to the Figure 4 , the system 4 does not include a ground plane 7.

Dans le cadre de cette variante, l'embase 10 est uniquement constituée de la deuxième partie 102 conductrice électriquement précédemment décriteIn the context of this variant, the base 10 consists solely of the electrically conductive second portion 102 previously described

En outre, le système 4 comprend une embase secondaire 10' identique à l'embase 10.In addition, the system 4 comprises a secondary base 10 'identical to the base 10.

Les deux embases 10, 10' sont respectivement raccordées à l'une de deux voies symétriques 121, 122 que comprend l'ATU 12 et sont fixées à l'aplomb de l'ATU 12, par exemple au moyen de tiges de connexion rigides conductrices électriquement et disposées parallèlement l'une à l'autre, et qui assurent la même fonction que le câble de connexion 14 précédemment décrit ainsi que le maintien physique de l'ensemble.The two bases 10, 10 'are respectively connected to one of two symmetrical channels 121, 122 that comprises the ATU 12 and are fixed vertically to the ATU 12, for example by means of conductive rigid connecting rods. electrically and arranged parallel to one another, and which provide the same function as the connection cable 14 described above and the physical maintenance of the assembly.

Les tiges de connexion ainsi que leur raccord aux voies 121 et 122 de l'ATU et aux embases 10, 10' sont connus de l'homme du métier et ne seront donc pas décrits.The connecting rods and their connection to the channels 121 and 122 of the ATU and the bases 10, 10 'are known to those skilled in the art and will therefore not be described.

Les extrémités de chaque élément filiforme 8a, 8b sont pour l'une insérée dans l'embase 10, et pour l'autre dans l'embase secondaire 10'.The ends of each filamentary element 8a, 8b are for one inserted in the base 10, and for the other in the secondary base 10 '.

Les portions de boucles formées par les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b présentent toutes deux une forme sensiblement circulaire.The loop portions formed by the filiform elements 8a, 8b both have a substantially circular shape.

Les surfaces de rayonnement S1, S2 sont uniquement générées par les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b.The radiation surfaces S1, S2 are generated solely by the filiform elements 8a, 8b.

Cette variante est avantageusement mise en oeuvre lorsqu'il n'est pas possible ou que l'on ne souhaite pas utiliser de plan de masse.This variant is advantageously implemented when it is not possible or when it is not desired to use a ground plane.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation de cette variante selon l'invention, les portions de boucles présentent toutes deux une forme générale triangulaire ou rectangulaire.In another embodiment of this variant according to the invention, the loop portions both have a generally triangular or rectangular shape.

Comme précédemment, les deux portions de boucles définies par les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sont imbriquées l'une dans l'autre, respectivement sensiblement comprises dans un plan, les deux plans ainsi définis formant un angle inférieur à 45°, et de préférence inférieur à 10°.As before, the two loop portions defined by the filiform elements 8a, 8b are nested one inside the other, respectively substantially contained in a plane, the two planes thus defined forming an angle less than 45 °, and preferably lower at 10 °.

Cette variante de l'invention peut à son tour être mise en oeuvre sur un engin 2 selon l'invention, dans lequel deux systèmes selon cette variante de l'invention sont disposés côte à côte l'un de l'autre, les deux plans Pa des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b de l'un et l'autre des systèmes étant sensiblement parallèles et situés à une distance l'un de l'autre comprise entre 50 cm et 100 cm.This variant of the invention may in turn be implemented on a machine 2 according to the invention, in which two systems according to this variant of the invention are arranged side by side with each other, the two planes P has filiform elements 8a, 8b of one and the other of the systems being substantially parallel and located at a distance from each other between 50 cm and 100 cm.

En variante encore, l'engin 2 est un aéronef.In another variant, the vehicle 2 is an aircraft.

En variante, le système 4 est dépourvu d'ATU 12. Les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sont par exemple raccordés directement au dispositif d'émission/réception radiofréquence auquel le dispositif 4 est couplé. Dans les modes de réalisation correspondants, les deux éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sont également alimentés avec le même signal radiofréquence.Alternatively, the system 4 is devoid of ATU 12. The filiform elements 8a, 8b are for example directly connected to the radiofrequency transmission / reception device which device 4 is coupled. In the corresponding embodiments, the two filiform elements 8a, 8b are also powered with the same radio frequency signal.

Comme indiqué ci-dessus, le couplage des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b résultant notamment de leur alimentation par un même signal radiofréquence permet d'abaisser l'impédance du système antennaire 4 à sa fréquence d'anti-résonance.As indicated above, the coupling of the filiform elements 8a, 8b resulting in particular from their supply by the same radio frequency signal makes it possible to lower the impedance of the antenna system 4 to its anti-resonance frequency.

En outre, comme indiqué ci-dessus, le système 4 est configuré pour l'émission et la réception d'ondes électromagnétiques par réflexions ionosphériques. Les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sont destinés à rayonner principalement selon une direction de rayonnement verticale.In addition, as indicated above, the system 4 is configured for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves by ionospheric reflections. The filiform elements 8a, 8b are intended to radiate mainly in a direction of vertical radiation.

En particulier, dans les modes de réalisation dans lesquels l'antenne 4 est disposée sur un plan de masse 7, l'antenne 4 est configurée pour principalement rayonner selon une direction de rayonnement orthogonale au plan de masse 7. Le plan de masse 7 est alors disposé sensiblement horizontalement.In particular, in the embodiments in which the antenna 4 is disposed on a ground plane 7, the antenna 4 is configured to mainly radiate in a direction of radiation orthogonal to the ground plane 7. The ground plane 7 is then arranged substantially horizontally.

Dans les modes de réalisation dans lesquels l'antenne 4 n'est pas disposée sur un plan de masse 7, l'antenne 4 est configurée pour rayonner principalement selon un axe médian des boucles formées par les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b et passant entre l'embase 10 et l'embase secondaire 10'.In the embodiments in which the antenna 4 is not arranged on a ground plane 7, the antenna 4 is configured to radiate mainly along a median axis loops formed by the filiform elements 8a, 8b and passing between the base 10 and the sub-base 10 '.

La direction de rayonnement de l'antenne 4 résulte du rapport entre les longueurs d'onde des fréquences préférentiellement utilisées par le système 4 et la longueur des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b. Plus particulièrement, la longueur des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b est plus petite que les longueurs d'onde des fréquences préférentielles du système 4. Par exemple, une fréquence de 2 MHz correspond à une longueur d'onde de 150 m, et une fréquence de 12 MHz correspond à une longueur de 25 m. Ces longueurs sont d'un ordre de grandeur supérieur à la longueur des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b.The direction of radiation of the antenna 4 results from the ratio between the wavelengths of the frequencies preferentially used by the system 4 and the length of the filiform elements 8a, 8b. More particularly, the length of the filiform elements 8a, 8b is smaller than the wavelengths of the preferential frequencies of the system 4. For example, a frequency of 2 MHz corresponds to a wavelength of 150 m, and a frequency of 12 MHz corresponds to a length of 25 m. These lengths are of an order of magnitude greater than the length of the filiform elements 8a, 8b.

Claims (12)

Système antennaire à boucle comportant un premier élément filiforme (8a, 8b) conducteur électriquement et formant une portion de boucle,
caractérisé en ce que le système antennaire (4) comporte en outre un deuxième élément filiforme (8a, 8b) conducteur électriquement et formant une portion de boucle, et en ce que les deux éléments filiformes (8a, 8b) présentent des longueurs (Ia, Ib) différentes l'une de l'autre.Antenna loop system comprising a first filamentary element (8a, 8b) electrically conductive and forming a loop portion,
characterized in that the antenna system (4) further comprises a second filamentary element (8a, 8b) electrically conductive and forming a loop portion, and in that the two wire-like elements (8a, 8b) have lengths (I a , I b ) different from each other. Système antennaire selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la longueur (Ia, Ib) de l'élément filiforme (8a, 8b) le plus long est supérieure à la longueur (Ia, Ib) de l'élément filiforme (8a, 8b) le plus court de plus de 50%.Antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that the length (I a , I b ) of the longer filiform element (8a, 8b) is greater than the length (I a , I b ) of the filiform element (8a, 8b) the shortest of more than 50%. Système antennaire selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la longueur (Ia, Ib) de l'élément filiforme (8a, 8b) le plus long est sensiblement égale au double de la longueur (Ia, Ib) de l'élément filiforme (8a, 8b) le plus court.Antenna system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the length (I a , I b ) of the longer filiform element (8a, 8b) is substantially equal to twice the length (I a , I b ) the filiform element (8a, 8b) the shortest. Système antennaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le premier élément filiforme (8a, 8b) est sensiblement compris dans un premier plan (Pa), en ce que le deuxième élément filiforme (8a, 8b) est sensiblement compris dans un deuxième plan (Pb), et en ce que le premier et le deuxième plans (Pa, Pb) forment entre eux un angle (α) inférieur à 45°, et de préférence inférieur à 10°.Antenna system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first filiform element (8a, 8b) is substantially comprised in a first plane (P a ), in that the second filiform element (8a, 8b) is substantially included in a second plane (P b ), and in that the first and second planes (P a , P b ) form between them an angle (α) less than 45 °, and preferably less than 10 °. Système antennaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les portions de boucle formées par les éléments filiformes (8a, 8b) sont imbriquées l'une dans l'autre.Antenna system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the loop portions formed by the filiform elements (8a, 8b) are nested one inside the other. Système antennaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une embase de fixation (10) pour la fixation des éléments filiformes (8a, 8b), l'embase de fixation (10) comportant une deuxième partie (102) conductrice électriquement dans laquelle une extrémité de chaque élément filiforme (8a, 8b) est fixée.Antenna system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a fixing base (10) for fixing the filiform elements (8a, 8b), the fixing base (10) comprising a second part ( 102) electrically conductive wherein one end of each filamentary element (8a, 8b) is fixed. Système antennaire selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend également un boîtier d'accord d'impédance (12) raccordé électriquement à la deuxième partie (102) pour l'alimentation des deux éléments filiformes (8a, 8b) avec un même signal radiofréquence.Antenna system according to claim 6, characterized in that it also comprises an impedance matching box (12) electrically connected to the second portion (102) for feeding the two filiform elements (8a, 8b) with a same radio frequency signal. Système selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une embase secondaire de fixation (10') dans laquelle les autres extrémités des éléments filiformes (8a, 8b) sont fixées, le boîtier d'accord d'impédance (12) présentant deux voies symétriques (121, 122) raccordées pour l'une à l'embase de fixation (10), et pour l'autre à l'embase secondaire de fixation (10').System according to Claim 7, characterized in that it comprises a secondary fixing base (10 ') in which the other ends of the filiform elements (8a, 8b) are fixed, the impedance matching box (12) having two symmetrical channels (121, 122) connected for one to the mounting base (10), and for the other to the secondary mounting base (10 '). Système antennaire selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un plan de masse (7), ladite embase de fixation (10) comprenant une première partie (101) isolante électriquement fixée sur ledit plan de masse (7) et sur laquelle la deuxième partie (102) est fixée, les autres extrémités des éléments filiformes étant fixées au plan de masse (7).Antenna system according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that it comprises a ground plane (7), said fixing base (10) comprising a first portion (101) insulating electrically fixed on said ground plane (7) and on which the second part (102) is fixed, the other ends of the filiform elements being fixed to the ground plane (7). Système antennaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est destiné à l'émission et la réception d'ondes électromagnétiques de fréquence comprise entre 2 MHz et 30 MHz.Antenna system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is intended for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves of frequency between 2 MHz and 30 MHz. Véhicule terrestre, aérien ou naval, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un système antennaire (4) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.Land, air or naval vehicle, characterized in that it comprises at least one antenna system (4) according to any one of the preceding claims. Véhicule selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend deux systèmes antennaires (4) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, les systèmes antennaires (10) étant identiques l'un à l'autre et étant disposés côte à côte et parallèlement l'un à l'autre.Vehicle according to Claim 11, characterized in that it comprises two antenna systems (4) according to any one of Claims 1 to 10, the antenna systems (10) being identical to one another and being arranged side by side. coast and parallel to each other.
EP13194112.2A 2012-11-23 2013-11-22 Nested-loop antenna system and vehicle including such an antenna system Active EP2736118B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1203159A FR2998722B1 (en) 2012-11-23 2012-11-23 ANTENNAIRE SYSTEM WITH IMBRIQUE BUCKLES AND VEHICLE COMPRISING SUCH ANTENNA SYSTEM

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EP2736118A1 true EP2736118A1 (en) 2014-05-28
EP2736118B1 EP2736118B1 (en) 2020-04-15

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EP (1) EP2736118B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2802774T3 (en)
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US4217591A (en) * 1978-09-20 1980-08-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army High frequency roll-bar loop antenna
EP0897200A1 (en) * 1997-08-12 1999-02-17 Thomson-Csf Half-loop antenna for high frequencies
EP1246299A2 (en) * 2001-03-26 2002-10-02 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. M-shaped antenna
FR2829622A1 (en) 2001-09-11 2003-03-14 Thales Sa HIGH EFFICIENCY AND HIGH POWER ANTENNA SYSTEM
US20120056790A1 (en) * 2010-09-06 2012-03-08 Lite-On Technology Corp. Multi-loop antenna system and electronic apparatus having the same

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Publication number Publication date
EP2736118B1 (en) 2020-04-15
US9559420B2 (en) 2017-01-31
FR2998722A1 (en) 2014-05-30
US20140145905A1 (en) 2014-05-29
ES2802774T3 (en) 2021-01-21
MY181340A (en) 2020-12-21
FR2998722B1 (en) 2016-04-15

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