EP2733225B1 - Agencement d'élément de refroidissement - Google Patents

Agencement d'élément de refroidissement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2733225B1
EP2733225B1 EP12007726.8A EP12007726A EP2733225B1 EP 2733225 B1 EP2733225 B1 EP 2733225B1 EP 12007726 A EP12007726 A EP 12007726A EP 2733225 B1 EP2733225 B1 EP 2733225B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling
rods
plates
layer
element arrangement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12007726.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2733225A1 (fr
Inventor
Frank Böert
Christof Dratner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KME Special Products GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
KME Germany GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to EP12007726.8A priority Critical patent/EP2733225B1/fr
Publication of EP2733225A1 publication Critical patent/EP2733225A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2733225B1 publication Critical patent/EP2733225B1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4646—Cooling arrangements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/10—Cooling; Devices therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/24—Cooling arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/12—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs incorporating cooling arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cooling element arrangement for metallurgical furnaces, in particular shaft furnaces, according to the features in the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the cooling elements for shaft furnaces are flowed through by a coolant, preferably with water.
  • the coolant is passed through an array of cooling channels.
  • the cooling elements have coolant connections, which are guided through the metallic furnace wall.
  • staves Such plate-shaped cooling elements are also referred to as staves. They serve for the area-wide cooling of metallic shaft furnace walls.
  • the staves have, on their side facing the interior of the oven, a contouring which serves to anchor refractory material, which protects the staves from direct contact with the contents of the shaft furnace.
  • Cooling elements made of cast materials are used in the upper area of the shaft furnace, eg in blast furnaces. In the lower part of the shaft, the so-called cohesive zone, cooling plates made of copper, so-called copper staves, are used. It One of the state of the art in the cooling elements to create the cooling channels by cast-steel cooling tubes or to produce the cooling channels by mechanical processing (eg by drilling).
  • both types have coolant connections that must be routed through the metallic furnace shell to the outside.
  • the cooling elements On the so-called hot side, the cooling elements have grooves, preferably in dovetail shape. They have the function of anchoring refractory materials, be it in the form of molded components and / or for fixing unshaped, refractory masses.
  • the unshaped refractory material is installed as wear and / or collision protection of the cooling elements.
  • Cooling elements with extremely high thermal conductivity of over 300 W / mK e.g. Cooling elements rolled from copper slabs have the ability in the area of the cohesive zone to "freeze" so-called protective layers of slag formers on their surface.
  • a special process-related wear protection against abrasion is created.
  • the heat removal is reduced by these slag formers, so that energy can be saved.
  • the state of the art is the WO 2012/107322 A1 to call. It is part of the state of the art to provide, in shaft furnaces in addition to cooling plates cylindrical cooling rods, which are detachably incorporated into the cooling plates and in the installed position in Direction to the interior of the shaft furnace over the hot sides of the cooling plates protrude.
  • the cooling rods should engage in a coating of the cooling plate.
  • the cooling rods may be equipped with heat pipes to conduct heat from the inside tip of the cooling rod to the base of the cooling rod. Primarily, however, the rods serve to reduce the wear of the slag layer on the cooling plate.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to show a cooling element arrangement, with which it is possible to realize effective cooling of the metallic furnace wall with minimal wear, and it should also be possible to replace worn areas of the cooling element arrangement from the outside.
  • the cooling element arrangement according to the invention therefore comprises not only cooling plates, but also cooling rods.
  • the cooling plates essentially correspond to the known staves, in particular made of copper, a copper material or a cast material.
  • these cooling plates are factory-provided with openings. In this openings cylindrical cooling rods are releasably inserted and already used in the basic configuration of the cooling elements.
  • the cooling rods point in the direction of the interior of the furnace beyond the hot sides of the cooling plates. They are above this.
  • a preconfigured wear protection layer is positively secured to the cooling plates, so that the cooling rods engage in the wear protection layer.
  • the invention makes use of the proven cooling plates, which are in large numbers in metallurgical furnaces in use and have a field-proven cooling channel system.
  • the individual cooling rods are provided, on the one hand have a greater depth effect of cooling in the coating inside, on the other hand cause anchoring of this coating.
  • the invention does not rely on possibly during the operating time of the metallurgical furnace, in particular a shaft furnace, forming protective layer on the cooling plates, by freezing slag formers.
  • a preconfigured artificial slag-forming layer and thereon a wear-resistant layer consisting of refractory material are first applied to the cooling plates.
  • the coating is therefore preferably two-ply.
  • the invention also includes single-layer coatings of the same material.
  • the cooling rods serve to introduce a corresponding cooling power in the coating.
  • different constructions and arrangements of cooling bars are possible within the scope of the invention.
  • the cooling rods are in the installed position in the provided, preconfigured openings within the cooling plates.
  • additional cooling rods can be arranged in the edge region of the cooling plate to the cooling rods arranged in the cooling plates, specifically between adjacent cooling plates.
  • edge-open recesses for receiving the cooling rods can be arranged in the edge region of the cooling plates.
  • the cooling rods In order to be able to regulate the cooling capacity of the cooling rods independently of the cooling capacity of the cooling plates, the cooling rods preferably have separate cooling circuits. There are several cooling rods addressed via a common cooling circuit.
  • the cooling rods must protrude so far over the cooling plates that they not only lie substantially in the same plane as the hot side of the cooling plates, but protrude significantly. Preferably, the cooling rods completely enforce the coating. The cooling rods protrude as far as the coating is thick.
  • the cooling rods can partially or completely pass through the refractory wear-resistant layer. It is also conceivable to use cooling rods of different lengths. It is also conceivable to use cooling rods of different diameters. Importantly, one is possible To ensure even cooling, so that the wear on the cooling plates can be minimized as much as possible. In the case of wear of the cooling plates, the exchangeable cooling rods take on the required cooling effect of the metallic shaft furnace wall in connection with external cooling boxes.
  • the cooling plates are only interchangeable when the shaft furnace is shut down.
  • the cooling rods can be replaced individually in case of damage during operation, so that a wear protection layer can be built up again and again by freezing of slag-forming materials.
  • uncooled retaining bolts may be provided. These can additionally anchor the coating and also protrude into the factory-prepared refractory wear protection layer, so that the slag-forming layer as well as the wear-resistant layer are securely fixed or anchored.
  • the wear protection layer is preferably made of an unshaped, refractory, ceramic material.
  • the wear protection layer is anchored and fixed on the cooling plate both by dovetail-like grooves and by elements consisting of high-performance ceramic material, for example silicon-inserted, recrystallized silicon nitride.
  • the primary slags of the respective shaft kilns are preferably used as materials for the slag-forming layer.
  • cooling element arrangement according to the invention in combination with the slag-forming layer and the refractory wear-resistant layer, it is possible to achieve a lasting improvement of the wear conditions and thus the desired, high life expectancy even with extremely abrasive shaft furnace operating modes.
  • the invention is particularly characterized by the combination of cooling plates and cooling bars with the slag-forming layer and the refractory Wear protection layer, which are prefabricated from these four basic components mounted inside the shaft furnace.
  • a particularly wear-protective operational operation of the shaft furnace is no longer required due to this invention. With the arrangement according to the invention, it is therefore also no longer necessary to have to adapt to changing processes and procedures on the one hand and to changing raw materials, bulk materials, zonal Möllerreduzieriana and other factors on the other hand.
  • FIG. 1 shows an installation situation of a cooling element arrangement 1 in a shaft furnace, in particular a blast furnace. From the shaft furnace, an outer metallic wall 2 is shown.
  • the wall consists for example of sheet steel.
  • the metallic wall is also called a tank.
  • the cooling element assembly 1 is fixed to the metallic wall 2 and therefore has a hot side 4, which faces the interior 3 of the furnace.
  • the rear side is the cold side 5, which faces the metallic wall 2.
  • the cooling element arrangement comprises plate-shaped components, the so-called cooling plates 6, 6 ', which extend approximately parallel to the metallic wall 2 in the installed position.
  • the cooling plates 6, 6 ' are connected via fastening elements 7 with the metallic wall 2.
  • the fastening elements 7 are here screw bolts, which are guided from the outside through the wall 2 and in the cold side 5 of the cooling plates 6, 6 'are screwed.
  • fastening elements 7a are provided, which are also provided to connect the cooling plate 6, 6 'to the metallic wall 2. These fastening elements 7a are bolts, which are also anchored in the cooling plate 6, 6 ', protrude from the metallic wall 2 and are fastened there via a repository.
  • Each of the cooling plates 6, 6 ' is fixed to the metallic wall 2 via a plurality of such fastening elements 7.
  • the individual cooling plates 6, 6 ' are traversed by cooling channels through which coolant, usually cooling water, is passed.
  • coolant usually cooling water
  • the coolant is introduced or discharged via coolant connections 8, 9 into the cooling plates 6, 6 '.
  • the cooling element assembly 1 comprises in addition to the cooling plates 6, 6 'additionally cylindrical cooling rods 10.
  • the cooling rods 10 are opposite the hot side 4 of the middle cooling plates 6 and thus protrude further into the interior 3 of the furnace than the cooling plates 6.
  • the cooling rods 10 are cylindrically configured and located in openings 11 in the respective cooling plates 6, 6 '.
  • the openings 11 are matched in diameter to the diameter of the cooling rods 10.
  • the particular aligned openings 11, 12 in the metallic wall 2 and the cooling plates 6 make it possible to replace the cooling rods 10 by these pulled out of the cooling plates 6 through the wall 2 be replaced if necessary by new cooling rods 10.
  • cooling rods 10 do not necessarily have to be at right angles to the cooling plate 6.
  • the metallic wall 2 is slightly inclined.
  • the cooling plates 6, which are mounted parallel to the wall 2, are therefore also inclined.
  • the cooling rods 10, however, extend in the installed position in the horizontal direction.
  • the cooling rods 10 are arranged at an angle to the cooling plates 6. They thus provide an improved anchoring of a wear protection layer, for. B. against sinking Hochofenmöller, even with inclined furnace vessels (shaft, rest).
  • the cooling rods 10 protrude into the wear protection layer 13, which is arranged on the hot side 4 of the cooling plates 6.
  • the thickness X of the wear protection layer 13 corresponds to the amount by which the cooling rods 10 protrude beyond the hot side 4. This means that the cooling rods 10, as far as they project over the hot side 4 of the cooling plates 6, are circumferentially surrounded by the wear protection layer 13.
  • the grooves 15 are parallel to each other.
  • the grooves 15 are undercut. They have a dovetailed contour. Due to the profiling 14, the wear protection layer 13 is positively connected to the cooling plates 6.
  • the wear protection layer 13 is made of a refractory material preconfigured, i. H. factory is connected to the cooling plates and is not introduced after assembly within the shaft furnace.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cooling element assembly 16 in a second embodiment, which differs from the cooling element assembly 1 of FIG. 1 with respect to the structure of the wear protection layer 13 is different.
  • the cooling rods 10 and cooling plates 6, 6 ' are identically configured, so that the description of the FIG. 1 Reference can be made. There are for the substantially same components already introduced reference numerals in FIG. 2 used further.
  • a slag-forming layer 17 is form-fitting with the profiling 14 on the hot side 4 connected. It extends approximately only over a third of the thickness X of the entire coating.
  • a second layer is applied to the slag-forming layer 17.
  • This second layer is the refractory wear-resistant layer 18.
  • the thickness of the slag-forming layer 17 with the refractory wear-resistant layer 18 is again dimension X, as in FIG. 1 .
  • the difference compared to the single-layer coating by means of the refractory wear protection layer 13 is that the slag-forming layer withstands high abrasive loads within the furnace and has a lower thermal conductivity. It has a sort of insulating effect, so that less process heat is dissipated or lost via the metallic wall 2 or the cooling elements 6, 6 '.
  • Both the slag-forming layer 17 and the refractory wear-resistant layer 18 are preconfigured, that is to say a factory-made component of the cooling element arrangement 16. They are arranged in advance on the hot sides 4 of the cooling plates.
  • the thickness of the refractory wear-resistant layer 18 can vary with respect to the thickness of the slag-forming layer 17.
  • the refractory wear protection layer 18 tends to be somewhat thicker than the slag-forming layer 17.
  • the cooling rods 10 penetrate into the refractory wear-resistant layer 18 and even fully enforce them in the illustrated embodiment. As a result, the cooling rods 10 protrude beyond the slag-forming layer 17 and penetrate them completely.
  • FIG. 3 shows several cooling element assemblies 1 in plan view.
  • the cooling element assemblies 1 according to the invention are always individual cooling plates with corresponding connections for coolant as well as the cooling bars and the preconfigured wear protection layer.
  • FIG. 3 shows possible positioning of such individual cooling element assemblies 1.
  • the cooling element assemblies 1 are arranged in this embodiment in three superimposed rows and are continued in the same way circumferentially of the furnace. In the horizontal direction, the cooling element assemblies 1 are each half the width a single cooling element arrangement 1 offset from each other.
  • the middle horizontal row of the three illustrated rows shows the cooling element arrangements 1 according to the invention.
  • the cooling panels 6 'of the upper row and the lower row are configured differently. In them, no cylindrical cooling rods 10 are arranged. It can be seen that the arrangement of the cooling rods 10 the structure of FIGS. 1 and 2 equivalent.
  • the upper cooling plates 6 ' have only the basic elements of a cooling plate 6', ie the coolant connections 8, 9 at the upper and lower end, wherein the coolant enters at the lower end, and exits at the upper end.
  • the fastening elements 7, 7a were already in FIG. 1 explained.
  • Adjacent to the middle row of the cooling element arrangements 1 according to the invention are in each case in the corner region of the cooling plates 6 and 6 'cooling rods 10.
  • Each a cooling rod 10 is located in the middle of a each cooling plate 6.
  • Two more cooling rods are located halfway between the center and the end of a cooling plate 6. This distance is indicated in the drawing as Y.
  • the staggered to the central cooling rod 10 in height cooling rods 10 are additionally offset laterally.
  • the horizontal distance of the two cooling rods 10 is a quarter width of the cooling plate. 6
  • cooling rods 10 Even between the adjacent cooling plates 6 in the middle horizontal row of the cooling rods 10 are still individual cooling rods 10 and precisely at half the height. This arrangement results in a uniform distribution of the cooling bars 6, which are drawn for better visual definition as black dots. It can be seen that the superimposed rows of cooling bars 10 are each offset by a quarter of a plate width of a cooling plate 6 to each other. Overall, in the cooling plates 6 of the middle row five superimposed rows of identically configured cooling rods 10, so that here a particularly intensive cooling can be ensured by the cooling element assembly 1 according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a section of a cooling plate 6 with a cooling bar 10, which in turn a slag forming layer 17 and a refractory Wear protection layer 18 are provided, as it is already in FIG. 2 is shown.
  • retaining bolts 19, 20 on the hot side of the cooling plate 6.
  • the retaining bolts 19, 20 are perpendicular from the cooling plate 6 from.
  • the longer retaining bolts 19 are mounted in the grooves of the cooling plate 6 and extend into the refractory wear protection layer 18.
  • the shorter of the retaining bolts 20 are disposed between the grooves and extend only into the slag forming layer 17.
  • Both types of retaining bolts 19, 20 are uncooled , They project vertically from the cooling plate 6 and do not project beyond the cooling rods 10 in length. They are shorter in this embodiment than the cooling rods 10th
  • FIG. 5 differs from the previous one in that other anchoring profiles 21 are used.
  • a high-performance ceramic is used, which is connected to the cooling plate 6 via the slag-forming layer 17 '.
  • this type of coating consisting of Schlackebildner- and wear protection layers 17 ', 18, it is also sufficient if the anchoring profiles 21 are panel-like only within the slag layer 17' and not yet in the refractory wear protection layer 18 protrude.
  • FIG. 6 provides that not the slag film layer, but only the wear protection layer 18 is arranged directly on the cooling plate 6 and positively connected to the cooling plate 6.
  • a preconfigured slag-forming layer was dispensed with. Therefore, the drawn cooling bar 10 is shorter than in FIG. 5 , This is due to the fact that the thickness of the coating is only about half as large as in FIG. 5 , The cooling bar 10 has a high cooling capacity and is able to build up on the wear protection layer 18, a Schlackesentner für, ie freeze.
  • the slag-forming layer is not preconfigured directly on the cooling plate 6 is applied, that is, between the wear protection layer 18 and the cooling plate 6, but on the cooling plate 6 facing away from the wear protection layer 18 are formed can.
  • the coating has in comparison to the FIGS. 2 to 4 the reverse construction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Elément formant ensemble de refroidissement pour des fourneaux métallurgiques, comprenant des caractéristiques suivantes :
    a. Des plaques de refroidissement (6) sont prévues afin d'être disposées au niveau d'une paroi (2) métallique du fourneau, dans lequel leurs côtés chauds (4) sont tournés vers l'intérieur (3) du fourneau et leurs côtés froids (5) sont tournés vers la paroi (2) du fourneau.
    b. Les plaques de refroidissement (6, 6') possèdent des raccords d'agent réfrigérant (8, 9) pour respectivement au moins un canal d'agent réfrigérant situé à l'intérieur ;
    c. Les plaques de refroidissement (6) possèdent des ouvertures (11, 12) préalablement configurées, dans lesquelles des barres de refroidissement (10) cylindriques sont intégrées de manière amovible, dans lequel les barres de refroidissement (10) font saillie, dans la position de montage, des côtés chauds (3) des plaques de refroidissement (6, 6') en direction de l'intérieur (3) du fourneau ;
    d. Un revêtement est fixé par complémentarité de forme au niveau des plaques de refroidissement (6), dans lequel le revêtement est ou comprend soit une couche de scorification (17, 17') préalablement configurée ou une couche de protection anti-usure (13, 18) préalablement configurée, dans lequel les barres de refroidissement (10) viennent en prise avec le revêtement,
    caractérisé en ce que
    e. plusieurs barres de refroidissement (10) sont raccordées à un circuit de refroidissement commun.
  2. Elément formant élément de refroidissement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que des barres de refroidissement (10) sont disposées, en supplément des barres de refroidissement (10) dans les plaques de refroidissement (6), entre des plaques de refroidissement (6) adjacentes les unes aux autres.
  3. Ensemble formant élément de refroidissement selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que des évidements ouverts côté bord servant à recevoir les barres de refroidissement (10) sont disposés dans la zone de bord des plaques de refroidissement.
  4. Ensemble formant élément de refroidissement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les barres de refroidissement (10) possèdent un circuit de refroidissement séparé des plaques de refroidissement (6, 6').
  5. Ensemble formant élément de refroidissement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la couche de protection anti-usure (13, 18) est appliquée sur une couche de scorification (17, 17').
  6. Ensemble formant élément de refroidissement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les barres de refroidissement (10) traversent en totalité la couche de protection anti-usure (13, 18) et/ou la couche de scorification (17, 17').
  7. Ensemble formant élément de refroidissement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la couche de protection anti-usure (13, 18) et, si présente, la couche de scorification (17, 17') sont maintenues en supplément par des goujons de maintien (19, 20) non refroidis faisant saillie à la manière de doigts au niveau du côté chaud (3) de la plaque de refroidissement (6, 6').
  8. Ensemble formant élément de refroidissement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la couche de protection anti-usure (13, 18) est constituée d'un matériau non moulé, réfractaire, céramique.
  9. Ensemble formant élément de refroidissement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la couche de scorification (17, 17') est constituée de scories primaires issues de la zone de fusion du fourneau respectivement métallurgique.
EP12007726.8A 2012-11-15 2012-11-15 Agencement d'élément de refroidissement Active EP2733225B1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12007726.8A EP2733225B1 (fr) 2012-11-15 2012-11-15 Agencement d'élément de refroidissement

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12007726.8A EP2733225B1 (fr) 2012-11-15 2012-11-15 Agencement d'élément de refroidissement

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EP2733225A1 EP2733225A1 (fr) 2014-05-21
EP2733225B1 true EP2733225B1 (fr) 2017-02-22

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CN114622045A (zh) * 2021-12-01 2022-06-14 武汉科技大学 一种利用冷却柱和冷却板降低高炉炉壳温度的方法

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JPS5579986A (en) * 1978-12-12 1980-06-16 Nippon Steel Corp Stave for metallurgical furnace
LU91788B1 (en) * 2011-02-08 2012-08-09 Wurth Paul Sa Stave cooler for a metallurgical furnace

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