EP2722859B1 - Disjoncteur sous vide hybride multi-blocs ayant des interrupteurs sous vide connectés en série - Google Patents

Disjoncteur sous vide hybride multi-blocs ayant des interrupteurs sous vide connectés en série Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2722859B1
EP2722859B1 EP12007165.9A EP12007165A EP2722859B1 EP 2722859 B1 EP2722859 B1 EP 2722859B1 EP 12007165 A EP12007165 A EP 12007165A EP 2722859 B1 EP2722859 B1 EP 2722859B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vacuum
circuit breaker
block hybrid
interrupters
electrical contact
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EP12007165.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2722859A1 (fr
EP2722859B2 (fr
Inventor
Dietmar Gentsch
Tarek Lamara
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ABB Schweiz AG
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ABB Technology AG
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Application filed by ABB Technology AG filed Critical ABB Technology AG
Priority to EP12007165.9A priority Critical patent/EP2722859B2/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2013/003083 priority patent/WO2014060088A1/fr
Priority to CN201380056617.9A priority patent/CN104756215B/zh
Publication of EP2722859A1 publication Critical patent/EP2722859A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2722859B1 publication Critical patent/EP2722859B1/fr
Publication of EP2722859B2 publication Critical patent/EP2722859B2/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/547—Combinations of mechanical switches and static switches, the latter being controlled by the former
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6661—Combination with other type of switch, e.g. for load break switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/546—Contacts shunted by static switch means the static switching means being triggered by the voltage over the mechanical switch contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H2033/6668—Operating arrangements with a plurality of interruptible circuit paths in single vacuum chamber
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6647—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having fixed middle contact and two movable contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multi-block hybrid vacuum circuit breaker comprising at least two blocks with at least one semiconductor component and one vacuum interrupter comprising a vacuum switching chamber for accommodating a pair of electrical contacts comprising a fixed electrical contact and an axial movable electrical contact, which can be moved in translation for switching purpose.
  • Vacuum interrupters are used for short circuit interruption and for load current switching as well.
  • circuit breakers are provided which are triggered and opened in the case of a fault situation, thereby interrupting a main current path in the circuit.
  • the circuit breakers are generally provided as mechanical switches. These switches typically have at least two electrical contacts, which are initially pressed against each other and conduct the current in normal operation.
  • nominal contacts are defined as separable contacts which conduct an operating current, or at least a major part of the operating current flowing through the switch when the switch is closed and in normal operation.
  • the vacuum interrupter might fail due to the high voltage stress after current interruption, which might lead to a breakdown.
  • a mechanism which separates the two contacts of the switch is triggered. If current is flowing at this instant, it will continue to flow through the opened gap by heating up the contacts and/or insulating gas surrounding the contacts, until the material of the contacts and/or the gas is ionized and becomes conductive, i.e. a plasma state is reached. Thereby an electric arc is created.
  • the arc can only be sustained, if the current, and with it the electric heating of the plasma, is sufficiently high. This is typically the case for fault current conditions.
  • the arc In order to break the current, the arc has to be extinguished. This can be achieved by decreasing the current and with it the heating power below a certain threshold, below which the heating is not sufficient to sustain the arc.
  • the plasma cools down and loses its conductivity. Such a situation can typically only be reached around a current zero crossing of the AC current, as with vanishing current the heating of the plasma disappears, as well.
  • vacuum interrupters can basically operate at voltage levels up to 36kV; for higher voltage applications, connection of at least two vacuum interrupters in series should be considered, also called multi-break vacuum circuit breaker.
  • the experience has shown that a vacuum breaker with two vacuum interrupters in series withstands the high voltage tests better than a single vacuum interrupter, and its insulation reliability is better as well. But when designing a circuit breaker with series vacuum interrupters, one has to take into account the inequality of voltage distribution.
  • the document US 6,498,315 B1 discloses a high-voltage switching device having at least two series-connected vacuum switching chambers.
  • the vacuum switching chambers which are disposed in series, are configured differently with regard to their physical size and/or contact configuration, such as the contact diameters, a separation between the contacts, and contact types.
  • At least one vacuum switching chamber of a first type is provided, and at least one vacuum switching chamber of a second type is provided.
  • the vacuum switching chambers are selected in such a manner that re-ignitions and restrikes of a vacuum switching chamber of the first type are coped with by at least one other vacuum switching chamber of the second type.
  • the opening of the contacts of the two vacuum switching chambers at different times is used as an additional method for operation of the high-voltage switching device.
  • the document US 7,508,636 B2 relates to a circuit breaker device comprising a main branch comprising a mechanical switch element and an auxiliary branch containing a semiconductor breaking cell, wherein the auxiliary branch being mounted in parallel with the main branch.
  • the main branch comprises a serial switching assistance module in series with the mechanical switch element, comprising a semiconductor breaking cell controllable in opening in parallel with impedance.
  • the auxiliary branch comprises a parallel switching assistance module comprising an impedance, which includes at least one capacitor type element.
  • the semiconductor breaking cell controllable in opening includes at least one serial assembly with a diode and an IGCT type thyristor.
  • the document EP 1 953 780 A1 discloses a multi-block hybrid vacuum circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a mechanical switch is arranged between the two vacuum interrupters and the back-to-back arranged diodes in order to create a galvanic separation.
  • the mechanical switch might be necessary to fulfil the BIL tests requirements.
  • a third vacuum interrupter is arranged between the two vacuum interrupters in order to create a galvanic separation. Using three vacuum interrupters in series, in which one vacuum interrupter is kept without a semiconductor component, replace the function of the mechanical switch.
  • two in series connected vacuum interrupters are in parallel connected with two back-to-back arranged thyristors.
  • the one thyristor is in reverse blocking mode and the other thyristor is in forward blocking mode.
  • the thyristor in forward blocking mode can quickly switch to forward conducting mode when the gate receives a current trigger.
  • a trigger signal can be generated when a voltage drop is created through the vacuum interrupter.
  • an arcing voltage can be used to generate the trigger signal applied to the gate.
  • a multi-block hybrid vacuum circuit breaker comprising at least two blocks with at least two semiconductor components and one double break vacuum interrupter comprising a vacuum switching chamber for accommodating a pair of axial movable electrical contacts which can be moved in translation for switching purpose, and a static electrode, which separates the axial movable electrical contacts and creates an upper vacuum compartment and a lower vacuum compartment wherein the at least two semiconductor components are connected in parallel to the double break vacuum interrupter.
  • the at least two semiconductor components are diodes.
  • Figure 1 shows a multi-block hybrid vacuum circuit breaker 1 comprising two blocks 2a and 2b with a vacuum interrupter 3a and 3b each and with one diode 7a and 7b each.
  • the vacuum interrupters 3a and 3b have a vacuum switching chamber 4a and 4b each, including a fixed electrical contact 5a and 5b each and an axial movable electrical contact 6a and 6b each, which can be moved in translation for switching purpose.
  • the electrical contacts 5a, 6a and 5b, 6b are coaxial arranged to each other and hold in contact position by several spring elements 14.
  • the diodes 7a and 7b are connected back-to-back, wherein middle connection points are connected over a mechanical switch 8 to the intermediate connection of the two vacuum interrupters 3a and 3b.
  • the mechanical switch 8 is arranged between the two vacuum interrupters 3a and 3b and the back-to-back arranged diodes 7a and 7b in order to create a galvanic separation.
  • the nominal current flows through the two vacuum interrupters 3a and 3b, wherein the electrical contacts 5a, 6a and 5b, 6b are in closed position.
  • the electrical contacts 5a, 6a and 5b, 6b are opened at the same time, wherein there is no need of precise synchronizing opening.
  • the current would flow first through the initial vacuum arcs ignited between the contacts 6a and 5a in vacuum interrupter 3a and between the contacts 5b and 6b in vacuum interrupter 3b, wherein the mechanical switch 8 is closed.
  • the voltage drop through each arc is much higher than the onstate voltage of the diode branch, and the current would immediately commute to the forward-biased diode 7b, or 7a (depending on the current polarity) which are connected in parallel to the vacuum interrupters 3b or 3a.
  • the vacuum contacts 5b and 6b of the parallel vacuum interrupter 3b are cold enough to withstand the subsequent TRV because there was almost no arcing.
  • FIG. 2 which shows an embodiment, wherein a third vacuum interrupter 3c is arranged between two vacuum interrupters 3a and 3b of the blocks 2a and 2b.
  • the third vacuum interrupter 3c is kept without a diode 7.
  • This interrupter provides galvanic separation between the two vacuum interrupters 3a and 3b so that no mechanical switch is needed.
  • the galvanic separation is realised by a fixed electrical contact 5c and an axial movable electrical contact 6c, which are arranged in a vacuum switching chamber 4c.
  • Figure 3 constitutes the same concept like Figure 1 with the difference of no mechanical switch 8.
  • the diodes 7a and 7b are replaced with thyristors 9a and 9b.
  • the replacement of the diodes 7a and 7b by thyristors 9a and 9b creates unique advantages, wherein the interruption process takes a slightly different scenario.
  • the vacuum interrupters 3a and 3b When the vacuum interrupters 3a and 3b are in closed position, the current flows through them with minimum current losses, representing the main path of current flow. Once the electrical contacts 5a, 6a and 5b, 6b are opened the current will continue flowing through the main current path, i.e. through the vacuum arcs ignited between the electrical contacts 5a, 6a and 5b, 6b at both vacuum interrupters 3a and 3b.
  • One thyristor 9a is in reverse blocking mode and the other thyristor 9b is in forward blocking mode.
  • the thyristor 9b in forward blocking mode can quickly switch to forward conducting mode when the gate receives a current trigger.
  • the trigger signal can be generated when a voltage drop is created through the vacuum interrupter 3.
  • An arcing voltage can be used to generate the trigger signal applied to the gate.
  • the vacuum arc will quickly disappear, due to high arcing voltage compared to the forward voltage drop across the thyristors 9b, and thereby establishes a full current commutation.
  • the current will continue flowing through the forward biased thyristor 9b and the vacuum arc of the vacuum interrupter 3a, until the current zero crossing.
  • the burning arc is extinguished and the thyristor 9b turns to reverse blocking mode.
  • the thyristor 9a is now in forward blocking mode while there is no arc ignition at vacuum interrupter 3a.
  • the electrical contacts 5b and 6b of vacuum interrupter 3b are cold enough to withstand the subsequent TRV.
  • FIG 4a shows an embodiment of the invention of a multi-block hybrid vacuum circuit breaker 1 with a double break vacuum interrupter 10 instead of two vacuum interrupters 3a and 3b in series.
  • the double break vacuum interrupter 10 comprises an upper vacuum compartment 11 and a lower vacuum compartment 12 which in one preferred embodiment are hermetically separated. In another embodiment, the upper vacuum compartment 11 and the lower vacuum compartment 12 are not hermetically separated.
  • the vacuum compartments comprise axial movable electrical contacts 6a and 6b each.
  • a fixed electrical contact 5, which separates the two compartments 11 and 12, is arranged between the axial movable electrical contacts 6a and 6b.
  • the fixed electrical contact 5 is connected to a middle shield 13.
  • both axial movable electrical contacts 6a and 6b are closed. When current interruption is needed the axial movable electrical contacts 6a and 6b open simultaneously, wherein there is no need for precise synchronised opening.
  • the current interruption scenario is the same as explained in the description of Figure 1 .
  • an alternative embodiment of a multi-block hybrid vacuum circuit breaker 1 comprises instead of the diodes 7a and 7b according to Figure 4a thyristors 9a and 9b.
  • the current interruption scenario happens as described in the description of Figure 3 .
  • the double-break assembly can take the form of the Fig. 5a in which only one contact 6a is moving, thus only a single actuator is necessary.
  • the double break vacuum interrupter 15 comprises an upper vacuum compartment 11 and a lower vacuum compartment 12.
  • the vacuum compartments comprise axial movable electrical contact 6a, a fixed electrical contact 6b, and a movable intermediate contact 16 which is connected to an internal spring element 17.
  • the axial movable electrical contact 6a and the movable intermediate electrical contact 16 are closed. In this position the spring element 17 is compressed by the closing force applied to the axial movable contact 6a.
  • the movable intermediate contact 16 is separated from the lateral coaxial contact 18 to be in contact with the fixed contact 6b.
  • the switch 15 When the switch 15 is in closed position the nominal current flows through the contacts 6a, 16 and 6b.
  • the axial movable electrical contact 6a When current interruption is needed the axial movable electrical contact 6a is pulled for opening operation purpose, wherein there is no need for precise synchronised opening. This operation leads to a simultaneous separation of the contacts 16 and 6b under the reaction force of the released spring 17.
  • An electrical arc is then ignited between the movable intermediate contact 16 and the fixed contact 6b, and eventually a second electrical arc is ignited between the axial movable contact 6a and the intermediate movable contact 16.
  • the intermediate movable contact 16 which is pushed by the spring 17 is immediately stopped by the lateral coaxial contact 18 creating thereby an electrical conducting path.
  • the current interruption scenario at this stage is the same as explained in the description of Figure 1 .
  • an alternative embodiment of a multi-block hybrid vacuum circuit breaker 1 comprises instead of the diodes 7a and 7b according to Figure 5a thyristors 9a and 9b.
  • the current interruption scenario happens as described in the description of Figure 3 .

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Disjoncteur sous vide hybride multibloc (1) comprenant au moins deux blocs (2) avec au moins deux composants semi-conducteurs et un interrupteur sous vide à double coupure (10) comprenant une chambre de commutation sous vide (4) destinée à accueillir au moins un contact électrique axial mobile (6a, 6b) qui peut être déplacé en translation à des fins de commutation,
    les au moins deux composants semi-conducteurs disposés dos à dos étant raccordés en parallèle à l'interrupteur sous vide à double coupure (10),
    caractérisé par une électrode statique (5) qui sépare les contacts électriques axiaux mobiles (6a, 6b) et crée un compartiment sous vide supérieur (11) et un compartiment sous vide inférieur (12).
  2. Disjoncteur sous vide hybride multibloc selon la revendication 1, avec les au moins deux composants semi-conducteurs disposés dos à dos raccordés en parallèle à l'interrupteur sous vide à double coupure (15),
    caractérisé en ce que pour comprenant une chambre de commutation sous vide (4) destinée à accueillir un contact électrique axial mobile (6a) qui peut être déplacé en translation à des fins de commutation et un contact électrique fixe (6b), et un contact électrique intermédiaire mobile (16) qui sépare le contact électrique axial mobile (6a) et le contact électrique fixe (6b), et crée un compartiment sous vide supérieur (11) et un compartiment sous vide inférieur (12), et raccordé à un élément à ressort (17) permettant son déplacement axial à des fins de commutation, et un contact électrique coaxial latéral fixe (18), qui se retrouve raccordé au contact électrique intermédiaire mobile (16) pendant et après l'ouverture de la chambre de commutation (4).
  3. Disjoncteur sous vide hybride multibloc (1) de la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que les interrupteurs sous vide (3) des au moins deux blocs (2) sont raccordés en série et constituent le trajet principal du courant.
  4. Disjoncteur sous vide hybride multibloc (1) de la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que deux interrupteurs sous vide raccordés en série (3a, 3b) sont raccordés en parallèle à deux diodes disposées dos à dos (7a, 7b).
  5. Disjoncteur sous vide hybride multibloc (1) de la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce qu'un commutateur mécanique (8) est disposé entre les deux interrupteurs sous vide (3a, 3b) et les diodes disposées dos à dos (7a, 7b) afin de créer une séparation galvanique.
  6. Disjoncteur sous vide hybride multibloc (1) de la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce qu'un troisième interrupteur sous vide (3c) est disposé entre les deux interrupteurs sous vide (3a, 3b) afin de créer une séparation galvanique.
  7. Disjoncteur sous vide hybride multibloc (1) de la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que deux interrupteurs sous vide raccordés en série (3a, 3b) sont raccordés en parallèle à deux thyristors disposés dos à dos (9a, 9b).
  8. Disjoncteur sous vide hybride multibloc (1) de la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que les au moins deux composants semi-conducteurs sont des diodes (7).
  9. Disjoncteur sous vide hybride multibloc (1) de la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que les au moins deux composants semi-conducteurs sont des thyristors (9).
EP12007165.9A 2012-10-16 2012-10-16 Disjoncteur sous vide hybride multi-blocs ayant des interrupteurs sous vide connectés en série Active EP2722859B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12007165.9A EP2722859B2 (fr) 2012-10-16 2012-10-16 Disjoncteur sous vide hybride multi-blocs ayant des interrupteurs sous vide connectés en série
PCT/EP2013/003083 WO2014060088A1 (fr) 2012-10-16 2013-10-14 Disjoncteur sous vide hybride à multiples blocs comprenant des interrupteurs sous vide raccordés en série
CN201380056617.9A CN104756215B (zh) 2012-10-16 2013-10-14 具有串联连接的真空灭弧室的多区块混合式真空断路器

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12007165.9A EP2722859B2 (fr) 2012-10-16 2012-10-16 Disjoncteur sous vide hybride multi-blocs ayant des interrupteurs sous vide connectés en série

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2722859A1 EP2722859A1 (fr) 2014-04-23
EP2722859B1 true EP2722859B1 (fr) 2016-04-06
EP2722859B2 EP2722859B2 (fr) 2019-08-28

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EP (1) EP2722859B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN104756215B (fr)
WO (1) WO2014060088A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11302499B1 (en) 2020-10-07 2022-04-12 Mitsubishi Electric Power Products, Inc. Vacuum circuit breaker

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EP2947675B1 (fr) * 2014-05-22 2018-07-11 General Electric Technology GmbH Appareil de commutation de puissance de générateur
CN105021980B (zh) * 2015-06-23 2016-11-16 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司检修试验中心 交流滤波器断路器双断口电压分布特性评估系统及方法
CN106653468A (zh) * 2017-03-04 2017-05-10 滁州品之达电器科技有限公司 一种新型高压无弧开关装置的灭弧方法
CN110416020A (zh) * 2018-04-26 2019-11-05 赛雪龙公司 开关装置
CN111952111B (zh) * 2020-08-04 2022-08-05 山东正本电气有限公司 一种双断口快速真空灭弧室
CN112700997A (zh) * 2020-12-15 2021-04-23 大连理工大学 基于电力电子器件和机械开关的一体化开关及其控制方法

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US3405245A (en) 1964-05-29 1968-10-08 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Multiple-break vacuum-type circuit interrupters
US3466503A (en) 1967-06-14 1969-09-09 Gen Electric Assisted arc a.c. circuit interruption
DE2125296A1 (de) 1971-05-17 1972-11-30 Siemens Ag Vakuumschalter mit doppelter Unterbrechung
DE3302939A1 (de) 1982-01-29 1983-08-11 Vsesojuznyj elektrotechničeskij institut imeni V.I. Lenina, Moskva Vakuum-lichtbogenloeschkammer
DE3318226A1 (de) 1983-05-19 1984-11-22 Sachsenwerk, Licht- und Kraft-AG, 8000 München Vakuumschalter mit doppelunterbrechung
DE3688469T2 (de) 1986-12-22 1993-10-28 Acec Transport Sa Durch Halbleiter unterstützter ultra-schneller Schalter.
SU1517074A1 (ru) 1988-01-05 1989-10-23 Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский, проектно-конструкторский и технологический институт низковольтного аппаратостроения Способ отключени тока гибридным выключателем
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Publication number Publication date
EP2722859A1 (fr) 2014-04-23
WO2014060088A1 (fr) 2014-04-24
EP2722859B2 (fr) 2019-08-28
CN104756215A (zh) 2015-07-01
CN104756215B (zh) 2018-01-26

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