EP2722180A1 - Method and device for measuring and/or correcting registration marks - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring and/or correcting registration marks Download PDFInfo
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- EP2722180A1 EP2722180A1 EP20130187927 EP13187927A EP2722180A1 EP 2722180 A1 EP2722180 A1 EP 2722180A1 EP 20130187927 EP20130187927 EP 20130187927 EP 13187927 A EP13187927 A EP 13187927A EP 2722180 A1 EP2722180 A1 EP 2722180A1
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
- B41F33/0081—Devices for scanning register marks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO PRINTING, LINING MACHINES, TYPEWRITERS, AND TO STAMPS
- B41P2233/00—Arrangements for the operation of printing presses
- B41P2233/50—Marks on printed material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO PRINTING, LINING MACHINES, TYPEWRITERS, AND TO STAMPS
- B41P2233/00—Arrangements for the operation of printing presses
- B41P2233/50—Marks on printed material
- B41P2233/51—Marks on printed material for colour quality control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO PRINTING, LINING MACHINES, TYPEWRITERS, AND TO STAMPS
- B41P2233/00—Arrangements for the operation of printing presses
- B41P2233/50—Marks on printed material
- B41P2233/52—Marks on printed material for registering
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for passport measurement and / or register correction.
- a pass metering is to be made possible with a low cost and a high fault tolerance against typical pressure disturbances that occur in particular on the pressure on corrugated cardboard.
- Passer also called color register
- Passer indicates the accuracy of fit between the printing forms of the individual printing inks in multi-color printing.
- the four process colors cyan, magenta, yellow and black are printed one after another exactly on top of each other to produce the final printed image. If these four colors are not exactly level with each other, the image appears blurry, blurry, or with color shifts, which reduces quality.
- the passport control is carried out in particular at registration marks.
- the inspection can be done manually, with a sample taken from production and outside the machine, for example with a magnifying glass, the position of the partial pressure images is measured to each other.
- a manual measurement for example, in a corrugated printing machine is because of the structure the transport elements of the machine and the large dimensions of the corrugated sheets are difficult. Therefore, the desire arose to make the measurement of the passport and, where appropriate, the color values inline during the production process by the printing press. This has the advantage that no bows or benefits must be taken. Another advantage is that 100% control can be performed, while any offline control can only ever be random.
- the EP 0 452 769 B1 describes a register measuring device in which the register is detected by means of a camera. The camera evaluates the position of the passer elements relative to one another (pressure-to-print register error) and the absolute position of the passer elements is assessed with at least one side edge.
- the DE 10 2011 113 885 A1 describes the evaluation of the passport measurement for offset printing. During passport measurement, the position of the edges or the center of gravity of the measuring elements in the printing direction are evaluated with the aid of a measuring device, for example a camera or a sensor. From these characteristics, the position of the color separations (Druckten the individual printing units) to each other is determined.
- a disadvantage of known methods and devices for passport measurement and / or register correction is that they are not suitable for all substrates and / or the registration elements require a relatively large amount of space.
- the invention has set itself the task of providing a method and a device for passport measurement and / or register correction, which are improved, at least with regard to one of the disadvantages mentioned.
- the position of a plurality of register elements in which the position of a plurality of register elements is measured during the course of the pressure, has at least an at least partially filled passer a non-rectangular surface shape having different lengths in two mutually perpendicular directions, in particular an approximately elliptical basic shape and / or the shape of an ellipse-like polygon.
- all passer elements have this surface shape.
- the at least one registration element is at least partially filled, ie in particular flat and not merely outline-shaped printed by means of lines.
- registration mark and “registration element” are used in particular to denote the stamps printed for passport control.
- the registration element with the surface shape described has significant advantages: it requires less area compared to a rectangle or a square when rotated.
- the field size that must be granted to a control element, in particular a registration element depends on the expected value range of position and angle deviation. Common values for the position are ⁇ 3 mm and for the angle ⁇ 10 °. Series of measurement elements can be made narrower with elliptical registration elements than with rectangular or square registration elements.
- Another advantage of the surface shape described is a more uniform pressure build-up and degradation in flexographic printing.
- the pressure rises abruptly as the upstanding printing elements enter the printing nip and abruptly drops off after leaving the upstanding printing elements of the printing form. This can promote crushing and edge smearing.
- the pressure is continuously increased and decreased because no sharp edge enters the nip. As a result, the tolerance to crushing edges and smearing is noticeably reduced. Both effects can reduce the measurement accuracy or even make it impossible.
- the surface shape described has the great advantage that a rotation can be detected.
- inline during the passage through a substrate-processing printing press.
- Inline means that an operation is performed while passing through the machine.
- Offline means that a product or product component is diverted from the product flow between the feed and discharge of the machine and the work step takes place outside the actual production flow in the machine.
- printing machine is used below for printing presses, which comprise at least one printing form Affected commissioned work, wherein the printing form as a printed image contains a subject. The subject can range from simple symbols to complex multicolored images.
- Print finishing machines are machines that cut or punch out packaging blanks from a sheet or continuous web or machines that fold, slit and / or glue packages. The print finishing machines also explicitly include machines that are solely for controlling the printing of the substrates in a continuous stream of substrate or on a continuous web. Printing machines and print processing units can be combined in any form.
- the method is a method for passport measurement during printing of a corrugated cardboard substrate.
- the advantages of the invention come particularly well here. It is thus preferably carried out in a corrugated machine processing the passport measurement.
- the invention thus also relates to a test device and method for controlling a pressure on corrugated board or corrugated board, optionally with existing grooves and punched.
- the structure and the structure of a corrugated substrate presents a particular challenge for the printing of printed images and in particular of measuring elements such as passer elements.
- the peculiarity of the printing on corrugated cardboard arises among other things from the surface structure.
- the outer cover of the corrugated board is partially supported by the shaft and depends more or less between the support points or support points.
- the "sagging" between the contact points of the shaft can be further enhanced by drying and shrinking processes. This effect is also known as the "washboard effect".
- the printing form in corrugated cardboard direct printing is usually a flexible high-pressure form, also called flexographic printing plate.
- Examples of a combination of printing presses and printing finishing units in connection with corrugated cardboard substrates are so-called "inliners” in corrugated board packaging, which print, slit and fold corrugated sheets into a folding box, also called FFG (Flexo Foulder Gluer).
- the feeder is a feeder or feeder and the discharge is a stacker or material bundler.
- the registration element is relatively large and has a width and height of several millimeters, in particular about 5 mm ⁇ about 10 mm (W ⁇ H).
- the size of the registration element is important. If it is too small, there is a disadvantage, similar to what has already been mentioned in connection with a linear passer element above. If it is too large, it is more susceptible to crushing edges and slugs in case of excessive color transfer.
- the size of the registration element is preferably selected so that at least one wave crest supports the surface form.
- the pressure element in particular registration element
- the edge of the registration element is determined by an image algorithm and preferably visualized by means of a contour.
- this image algorithm interprets the inner surface of the registration element-preferably the surface lying within the contour laid around the registration element-as completely filled, and further determines the position and / or rotation of the registration element.
- the determination of the position and / or rotation is preferably done by a focus.
- the determination of the position and / or rotation preferably serves to assess the position of a registration element of one printing ink relative to another registration element of another printing ink.
- the evaluation is carried out using a black and white camera.
- the visual assignment can be assigned to a printing unit by a frame or combined with a name.
- the illumination in this case can be done with white light, narrow band light, monochromatic light or any other suitable light source, for example an infrared light source.
- the disadvantage of taking pictures with a black-and-white camera is that the individual registration elements can not be intuitively assigned to a color printing unit. There is a risk that the user makes corrections to a wrong printing unit.
- the evaluation is preferably carried out with the aid of a color camera and the registration elements are preferably printed in color.
- Colored passer elements allow a spontaneous and intuitive assignment.
- the passer elements are printed with the original inks and indeed, more preferably, together with the subject.
- a passport measurement and a colorimetry are simultaneously performed on a single registration element. It is thus preferably checked within a corrugated board processing machine with a recording of the camera of a passer element or a Passerettifeldes simultaneously the passer and the color.
- the inner surfaces of the passer elements for color measurement can be used.
- a single shot of the passer elements (such as a camera) can therefore serve the Passer- and the color measurement. Multiple cameras or sensors can thus be avoided.
- the method is performed by means of a single camera or a single sensor.
- there are also sufficient pixel elements within the registration element which are extracted to determine the coloration. Outliers (especially due to downward pressure [eg colorless zones]) are preferably discarded by appropriate algorithms.
- Densitometric measurements determine the optical density or color density (light attenuation), which is determined as a measure of the layer thickness of the printing ink.
- the density measurement works either with optical filters (R, G, B) or the density measurement is calculated virtually from a spectral measurement.
- Requirements for density measurement are described, inter alia, in the standard DIN 16536 for narrowband and wideband measurement.
- Colorimetric measurements mathematically determine distance relationships in the color space and are dedicated to the evaluation of color differences. Colorimetric measurements can be carried out with a tristimulus measuring device, spectrophotometer or a color measurement camera. Requirements for the color measurement on surfaces can be found inter alia in ISO 13655.
- a plurality of registration elements are combined in a registration element field and recorded with a recording of the camera during the passage through the printing press. So it's not about multiple cameras or a pan of the camera required.
- the camera is therefore preferably not pivoted during the passmeter measurement process.
- at least one complete registration element field which reflects the position of the individual active printing units, is recorded with a recording during the passage through the printing press.
- the evaluation of the recorded image can take place within an image processing software within a computer. If, as in another embodiment, a smart camera is used in which the evaluation takes place directly in the camera, the data transmission to the higher-level controller can only contain the position data of the individual elements, for example displacement in the X, Y direction and possibly rotation , In addition, color values can still be transferred per printing unit.
- the object is also achieved by a method for register correction reproduced in claim 9, more precisely for correcting a register deviation, in particular by carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the correction of the registration error by the machine operator is done manually and preferably on the operating terminal, the registration errors and possibly correction recommendations are displayed and the control terminal is further preferably connected to a printer on which preferably the setting recommendations be printed for the printing works.
- the correction recommendations preferably depend on the preset tolerance set by the operator.
- the deviations can be displayed in a crosshair or by colors (for example, green: within tolerance, red: out of tolerance).
- the operating terminal is preferably connected to a printer on which the operator can print out the setting recommendations for the printing units. This is particularly useful in large corrugated machines, since measuring, operating and the printing units can be apart. With a printer, the operator saves copying, signing the positioning commands and thus saves set-up time.
- the correction of the registration error does not occur manually, but the printing units are preferably actuated directly by actuators or servomotors.
- the printing plates at the beginning of the printing form and the printing plate end can be held by clamps, which can be moved by a motor.
- the corrections can always be made only for errors that are consistent or follow a defined trend. Especially in the processing of corrugated cardboard, however, it can lead to spontaneous deviations, for example, a single sheet. This can be the case, for example, if the sheet lay on top of a stack of corrugated cardboard and thus had more humidity or, on the contrary, dried out more. Single bows may have been compressed more than others. There are other manifold causes of individual deviations in the corrugated cardboard printing possible.
- a plurality of sheets are evaluated in succession and the deviations are evaluated. This can be done, for example, by a moving average or a moving median that is more robust against outliers.
- the user can specify in the operating software, how many sheets should be included in the evaluation.
- the first case is formed by sheets with excessive deviation. These are preferably excluded from production.
- the second case preferably form sheets in which the recording with a camera can not be done or in an insufficient quality. This can happen, for example, due to unfavorable sheet travel conditions (for example fluttering).
- the first case is thus preferably avoided that the sheet or the benefit gets into the delivery to the customer.
- the faulty sheet is marked with a spray liquid, for example with a UV-fluorescent marking liquid, preferably with the aid of a spray valve.
- the faulty bow or barb can also be used with a baffle be removed from the product stream.
- the removal from the product stream can be done with turntables, suction devices or kickers or any other suitable device.
- the discharge takes place preferably before the stacker and more preferably before bundling the corrugated board benefits or sheets. It is also conceivable to mark the bundle that contains the faulty corrugated sheet or blank. The bundle is then preferably removed from production and sorted.
- the pass measuring and / or correcting device reproduced in claim 10.
- this device according to the invention in particular for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 9, at least partially filled passer elements are measurable which have a non-rectangular surface shape having different lengths in two mutually perpendicular directions, in particular an approximately elliptical basic shape and / or the shape of an ellipse-like polygon.
- the device is preferably a corrugated cardboard substrate measuring and / or correcting device.
- the device preferably comprises a camera and an element implementing an image algorithm.
- the edge of the passer element is preferably determined and preferably visualized by a contour.
- the center of gravity of the registration element is preferably determined.
- gray scale values are used, in another embodiment binary values.
- the image algorithm preferably interprets the inner surface of the registration element as a completely printed or filled-in area, even if the color transmission is partially faulty. More preferably, the position and / or rotation of the passer element, for example, determined by a focus.
- the camera is in one embodiment a black and white camera.
- the camera is a color camera.
- a passport measurement and a color measurement can be performed.
- a plurality of register elements combined in a register element field can be detected during the passage through the printing press and / or print finishing machine.
- FIGS. 1a to 2 show the structure and structure of a corrugated substrate 2, which is a particular challenge for the printing of printed images and in particular of registration elements 1.
- the outer cover 7 of the corrugated cardboard is partially supported by the shaft 6 and depends more or less between the support points or support points (so-called washboard effect).
- the Fig. 1a to 1c show the phases of the printing process, for example, with a flexographic printing plate 8.
- flexographic printing partially elastic printing plates 8 are used, the raised relief by a Einärbe worn, for example, a chamber doctor blade system with anilox roller dyed. From the inked relief, the ink is transferred in contact on the substrate to be printed.
- phase 1 ( Fig. 1a )
- the surface of the printing form 8 comes into contact with the elevations 14 of the substrate surface.
- phase 2 ( Fig. 1a )
- no contact between the surface of the printing plate 8 and the corrugated board surface 17 takes place. There is still no or only an incomplete ink transfer in this area.
- phase 2 ( Fig. 1b )
- the partially elastic pressure mold 8 nestles against the substrate surface area 17 between the elevations 14 of the shaft 6. Since an elevated pressure prevails on the elevations, the wave height 10 can be reduced so that it has a lower level 11. As long as this is in one Area of elastic deformation of the shaft 6 happens, it plays only a minor role with respect to the physical properties of the substrate, in particular the later packaging formed from the substrate. However, the yielding of the shaft 6 leads to the fact that the increase in pressure due to the provision of the printing forme 8 against the substrate surface is not linear with the travel of the printing forme 8 relative to the substrate surface of the printing forme.
- phase 3 ( Fig. 1c ) the pressure continues to increase, so that this shaft 6 is further compressed to a lower level 12.
- the corrugated ceiling gives way to the original level difference 9 by an additional path 13 in the area 17 not supported by the shaft.
- FIG. 2 illustrates that during the ink transfer constantly changing supply and force of the printing plate 8 prevails against the substrate surface.
- a certain power provision is necessary, which is higher in the supported by the shaft 6 areas 14 of the corrugated cardboard, as the force 16 in the non-supported areas 17.
- An increased Beiwolf can crush edges at the edges of a measuring element (in particular Passerimplantations) lead, which limits the readability (or usability for passport measurement) due to the lack of edge sharpness.
- Too little pressure provision for example in the not supported by the shaft portions 17 of the corrugated cardboard cover can lead to a poor expression, especially in low-quality cover papers. Pressure differences can also lead to broader or narrower printing of elements of a measuring element (in particular registration element).
- a control of a respective product is required, since due to the stiffness of the corrugated cardboard and compared to single-layered substrates relatively large thickness variations may lead to Passerdifferenzen that may differ from pressure benefits to pressure benefits. Different thicknesses lead to settlement differences, i. one printed image is longer than another.
- Fig. 3 shows a picture of known from the prior art linear scales. Periodically occurring fault areas 20 can be recognized, which correlate with the wave troughs.
- Fig. 4 shows a registration element 1 of the method according to the invention.
- the registration element 1 shown is completely filled. (The hatching in the 4 to 6 symbolize a full-surface filling.) It has a surface shape that has different lengths in two mutually perpendicular directions B, H. It has an approximately elliptical basic shape.
- the image also shows areas 21 with pressure disturbances due to the washboard effect, but never break through the edge of the registration element 1, so that the image algorithm can detect a closed contour 3 as a boundary.
- the contour 3 was drawn in dashed lines in this case.
- such a widely spaced elliptical element has been identified as the most robust element against pressure disturbances in corrugated board printing with its sometimes uneven surface texture. It is important that the registration element can be distinguished / distinguished from the background, and preferably determines its center of gravity becomes. In one conceivable embodiment, gray values of the passer element are used for this, in another binary values.
- the image algorithm interprets the inner surface 4 as completely filled, so that the position and / or rotation of the registration element can be determined, for example, by a position evaluation centroid relative to the registration element of another ink (not shown in the figures).
- Fig. 5 shows that, when twisted, the elliptical registration element 1 occupies less space than a conceivable rectangular registration element 19 to an astonishing extent.
- rows of measurement elements, in particular with elliptical registration elements can be made narrower than with rectangular or square registration elements 19.
- the evaluation can be done with a black and white camera.
- the visual assignment can be done by a frame or, as in Fig. 6 shown, with corners or other, the measurement-supporting elements, combined with a label assigned to a printing unit.
- the illumination in this case can be done with white light, narrow band light, monochromatic light or any other suitable light source, for example an infrared light source.
- the disadvantage of taking pictures with a black and white camera is that the individual ellipses can not be intuitively assigned to a color printer. There is therefore a risk that the user makes corrections to a wrong printing unit.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Passermessung und/oder Passerkorrektur.The invention relates to a method and a device for passport measurement and / or register correction.
Durch die Erfindung soll mit einem geringen Aufwand und einer hohen Fehlertoleranz gegen typische Druckstörungen, die insbesondere im Druck auf Wellpappen auftreten, eine Passermessung ermöglicht werden.With the invention, a pass metering is to be made possible with a low cost and a high fault tolerance against typical pressure disturbances that occur in particular on the pressure on corrugated cardboard.
"Passer", auch Farbregister genannt, bezeichnet die Passgenauigkeit zwischen den Druckformen der einzelnen Druckfarben im Mehrfarbendruck. Beim Vierfarbendruck werden beispielsweise die vier Prozessfarben cyan, magenta, gelb und schwarz nacheinander exakt übereinander gedruckt und ergeben das endgültige Druckbild. Falls diese vier Farben nicht exakt den korrekten Stand zueinander haben, erscheint das Druckbild unscharf, verschwommen oder mit Farbverschiebungen, was sich qualitätsmindernd auswirkt."Passer", also called color register, indicates the accuracy of fit between the printing forms of the individual printing inks in multi-color printing. In four-color printing, for example, the four process colors cyan, magenta, yellow and black are printed one after another exactly on top of each other to produce the final printed image. If these four colors are not exactly level with each other, the image appears blurry, blurry, or with color shifts, which reduces quality.
Die Passerkontrolle wird dabei insbesondere an Passermarken vorgenommen. Die Überprüfung kann manuell erfolgen, wobei eine Probe aus der Produktion entnommen wird und außerhalb der Maschine, zum Beispiel mit einer Lupe, die Lage der Teildruckbilder zueinander vermessen wird. Eine manuelle Messung beispielsweise in einer Wellpappe verarbeitenden Druckmaschine ist wegen des Aufbaus der Transportelemente der Maschine und der großen Dimensionen der Wellpappebogen nur schwer möglich. Deswegen ist der Wunsch entstanden, die Messung des Passers und gegebenenfalls der Farbwerte inline, während des Produktionsverlaufs durch die Druckmaschine vorzunehmen. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass keine Bogen oder Nutzen entnommen werden müssen. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist, dass eine hundertprozentige Kontrolle vorgenommen werden kann, während jede Offline-Kontrolle immer nur stichprobenmäßig erfolgen kann.The passport control is carried out in particular at registration marks. The inspection can be done manually, with a sample taken from production and outside the machine, for example with a magnifying glass, the position of the partial pressure images is measured to each other. A manual measurement, for example, in a corrugated printing machine is because of the structure the transport elements of the machine and the large dimensions of the corrugated sheets are difficult. Therefore, the desire arose to make the measurement of the passport and, where appropriate, the color values inline during the production process by the printing press. This has the advantage that no bows or benefits must be taken. Another advantage is that 100% control can be performed, while any offline control can only ever be random.
Derartige Verfahren und Vorrichtungen sind bereits bekannt. Die
Nachteilig bei bekannten Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Passermessung und/oder Passerkorrektur ist, dass sie nicht für alle Substrate geeignet sind und/oder die Passerelemente relativ viel Platz beanspruchen.A disadvantage of known methods and devices for passport measurement and / or register correction is that they are not suitable for all substrates and / or the registration elements require a relatively large amount of space.
Die Erfindung hat es sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Passermessung und/oder Passerkorrektur zu schaffen, die zumindest hinsichtlich eines der genannten Nachteile verbessert sind.The invention has set itself the task of providing a method and a device for passport measurement and / or register correction, which are improved, at least with regard to one of the disadvantages mentioned.
Hinsichtlich des Verfahrensaspekts wird diese Aufgabe durch das in Anspruch 1 wiedergegebene Verfahren gelöst.With regard to the method aspect, this object is achieved by the method given in
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Passermessung, bei dem die Lage mehrerer Passerelemente während des Druckverlaufs gemessen wird, hat mindestens ein zumindest teilweise gefülltes Passerelement eine nicht rechteckige Flächenform, die in zwei zueinander senkrechten Richtungen unterschiedliche Längen aufweist, insbesondere eine etwa ellipsenförmige Grundform und/oder die Form eines ellipsenähnlichen Vielecks.In the method according to the invention for register measurement, in which the position of a plurality of register elements is measured during the course of the pressure, has at least an at least partially filled passer a non-rectangular surface shape having different lengths in two mutually perpendicular directions, in particular an approximately elliptical basic shape and / or the shape of an ellipse-like polygon.
Bevorzugt haben alle Passerelemente diese Flächenform.Preferably, all passer elements have this surface shape.
Das mindestens eine Passerelement ist zumindest teilweise gefüllt, also insbesondere flächig und nicht lediglich umrissförmig mit Hilfe von Linien gedruckt.The at least one registration element is at least partially filled, ie in particular flat and not merely outline-shaped printed by means of lines.
Mit den Begriffen "Passermarke" und "Passerelement" werden insbesondere die zur Passerkontrolle mitgedruckten Marken bezeichnet.The terms "registration mark" and "registration element" are used in particular to denote the stamps printed for passport control.
Bevorzugt wird die Lage mehrerer Passerelemente während des Druckverlaufs bei voller Produktionsgeschwindigkeit und weiter bevorzugt automatisch gemessen.Preferably, the position of several passer elements during the pressure curve at full production speed and more preferably automatically measured.
Im Vergleich etwa zu einem quadratischen oder rechteckigen Element hat das Passerelement mit der beschriebenen Flächenform wesentliche Vorteile: Es benötigt im Vergleich zu einem Rechteck oder einem Quadrat bei einer Verdrehung weniger Fläche. Die Feldgröße, die einem Kontrollelement, insbesondere einem Passerelement, zugestanden werden muss, hängt von dem zu erwartenden Wertebereich von Positions- und Winkelabweichung ab. Gängige Werte für die Position sind ± 3 mm und für den Winkel ± 10°. Messelementreihen können mit elliptischen Passerelementen enger gebaut werden, als mit rechteckigen oder quadratischen Passerelementen.Compared to a square or rectangular element, for example, the registration element with the surface shape described has significant advantages: it requires less area compared to a rectangle or a square when rotated. The field size that must be granted to a control element, in particular a registration element, depends on the expected value range of position and angle deviation. Common values for the position are ± 3 mm and for the angle ± 10 °. Series of measurement elements can be made narrower with elliptical registration elements than with rectangular or square registration elements.
Ein weiterer Vorteil der beschriebenen Flächenform ist ein gleichmäßigerer Druckaufbau und -abbau beim Flexodruck. Bei einem rechteckigen Passerelement steigt der Druck schlagartig bei Einlaufen der hochstehenden druckenden Elemente in dem Druckspalt an und fällt nach Verlassen der hochstehenden Druckelemente der Druckform schlagartig wieder ab. Dies kann Quetschränder und Kantenverschmieren fördern. Bei der beschriebenen Flächenform wird der Druck kontinuierlich auf und abgebaut, da keine scharfe Kante in den Druckspalt einläuft. Dadurch ist die Toleranz zu Quetschrändern und Verschmieren erkennbar verringert. Beide Effekte können die Messgenauigkeit verringern bzw. sogar unmöglich machen.Another advantage of the surface shape described is a more uniform pressure build-up and degradation in flexographic printing. In the case of a rectangular registration element, the pressure rises abruptly as the upstanding printing elements enter the printing nip and abruptly drops off after leaving the upstanding printing elements of the printing form. This can promote crushing and edge smearing. In the described surface shape, the pressure is continuously increased and decreased because no sharp edge enters the nip. As a result, the tolerance to crushing edges and smearing is noticeably reduced. Both effects can reduce the measurement accuracy or even make it impossible.
Gegenüber einem Kreis hat die beschriebene Flächenform den großen Vorteil, dass eine Verdrehung erkannt werden kann.Compared to a circle, the surface shape described has the great advantage that a rotation can be detected.
Die Passer- und gegebenenfalls Farbmessung erfolgt erfindungsgemäß "inline", während des Durchlaufs durch eine Substrat verarbeitende Druckmaschine. "Inline" bedeutet, dass ein Arbeitsschritt während des Durchlaufs durch die Maschine erfolgt. "Offline" bedeutet, dass ein Produkt oder Produktbestandteil aus dem Produktfluss zwischen Zu- und Abführung der Maschine abgezweigt wird und der Arbeitsschritt außerhalb des eigentlichen Produktionsflusses in der Maschine erfolgt. Der Begriff Druckmaschine wird im Folgenden für Druckmaschinen verwendet, die mindestens ein Druckform behaftetes Auftragswerk umfassen, wobei die Druckform als Druckbild ein Sujet enthält. Das Sujet kann von einfachen Symbolen bis zu komplexen mehrfarbigen Bildern reichen. Druckweiterverarbeitungsmaschinen sind Maschinen, die Verpackungszuschnitte aus einem Bogen oder einer fortlaufenden Bahn herausschneiden bzw. herausstanzen, oder Maschinen, die Verpackungen falten, schlitzen und/oder verkleben. Zu den Druckweiterverarbeitungsmaschinen gehören auch explizit Maschinen, die ausschließlich dazu dienen, den Druck der Substrate in einem fortlaufenden Substratstrom oder auf einer fortlaufenden Bahn zu kontrollieren. Druckmaschinen und Druckweiterverarbeitungsaggregate können in beliebiger Form miteinander kombiniert werden.The registration and, if appropriate, color measurement are carried out according to the invention "inline" during the passage through a substrate-processing printing press. "Inline" means that an operation is performed while passing through the machine. "Offline" means that a product or product component is diverted from the product flow between the feed and discharge of the machine and the work step takes place outside the actual production flow in the machine. The term printing machine is used below for printing presses, which comprise at least one printing form Affected commissioned work, wherein the printing form as a printed image contains a subject. The subject can range from simple symbols to complex multicolored images. Print finishing machines are machines that cut or punch out packaging blanks from a sheet or continuous web or machines that fold, slit and / or glue packages. The print finishing machines also explicitly include machines that are solely for controlling the printing of the substrates in a continuous stream of substrate or on a continuous web. Printing machines and print processing units can be combined in any form.
Bevorzugt ist das Verfahren ein Verfahren zur Passermessung beim Bedrucken eines Wellpappesubstrats. Die Vorzüge der Erfindung kommen hier besonders gut zur Geltung. Es wird also bevorzugt innerhalb einer Wellpappe verarbeitenden Maschine die Passermessung durchgeführt. Die Erfindung betrifft also auch ein Prüfmittel und Verfahren zur Kontrolle eines Drucks auf Wellpappebogen oder Wellpappenutzen, gegebenenfalls mit vorhandenen Rillungen und Ausstanzungen.Preferably, the method is a method for passport measurement during printing of a corrugated cardboard substrate. The advantages of the invention come particularly well here. It is thus preferably carried out in a corrugated machine processing the passport measurement. The invention thus also relates to a test device and method for controlling a pressure on corrugated board or corrugated board, optionally with existing grooves and punched.
Die Struktur und der Aufbau eines Wellpappensubstrats stellt für den Druck von Druckbildern und insbesondere von Messelementen wie Passerelementen eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Die Besonderheit des Drucks auf Wellpappe ergibt sich unter anderem aus der Oberflächenstruktur. Die Außendecke der Wellpappe wird durch die Welle teilweise abgestützt und hängt zwischen den Abstützpunkten oder Auflagepunkten mehr oder weniger durch. Das "Durchhängen" zwischen den Auflagepunkten der Welle kann durch Trocknungs- und Schrumpfungsprozesse noch verstärkt werden. Dieser Effekt wird auch als "Waschbretteffekt" bezeichnet.The structure and the structure of a corrugated substrate presents a particular challenge for the printing of printed images and in particular of measuring elements such as passer elements. The peculiarity of the printing on corrugated cardboard arises among other things from the surface structure. The outer cover of the corrugated board is partially supported by the shaft and depends more or less between the support points or support points. The "sagging" between the contact points of the shaft can be further enhanced by drying and shrinking processes. This effect is also known as the "washboard effect".
Die Druckform im Wellpappendirektdruck ist in der Regel eine flexible Hochdruckform, auch Flexodruckform genannt. Beispiel für eine Kombination von Druckmaschinen und Druckweiterverarbeitungsaggregaten im Zusammenhang mit Wellpappesubstraten sind sogenannte "Inliner", in der Wellpappenverpackungsherstellung, die Wellpappebogen bedrucken, schlitzen und zu einer Faltkiste falten oder formen, auch FFG (Flexo Foulder Gluer) genannt.The printing form in corrugated cardboard direct printing is usually a flexible high-pressure form, also called flexographic printing plate. Examples of a combination of printing presses and printing finishing units in connection with corrugated cardboard substrates are so-called "inliners" in corrugated board packaging, which print, slit and fold corrugated sheets into a folding box, also called FFG (Flexo Foulder Gluer).
Gemeinsam ist allen Maschinen, dass diese eine Zu- und eine Abführung für die Produkte aufweisen. Bei einer Bogen verarbeitenden Maschine ist die Zuführung ein Anleger oder Einleger und die Abführung ein Abstapler oder ein Materialbündler.Common to all machines is that they have an inlet and an outlet for the products. In a sheet-fed machine, the feeder is a feeder or feeder and the discharge is a stacker or material bundler.
Übliche Passerelemente, die auf Strichen/Linien/Fadenkreuzen beruhen, sind für die Vermessung von Druckpasser auf Wellpappe weniger geeignet als Passerelemente mit der beschriebenen Flächenform, da die Linien aufgrund des schwankenden Oberflächendrucks der Druckform (bedingt durch den Waschbretteffekt) breiter und schmaler drucken. Dies bedeutet einen Verlust an Auflösung und ggf. eine Verfälschung der Messung. Zudem werden Linien- und konturförmige Passerelemente oftmals nicht durchgehend gedruckt, da der Anpressdruck der Druckform für eine durchgehende Farbübertragung nicht in jedem Fall ausreicht. Die Linien können also periodisch auftretende Störungen aufweisen, die mit den Wellentälern korrelieren.Conventional registration elements based on lines / lines / crosshairs are less suitable for measuring registration on corrugated board than registration elements with the described surface shape, because the lines print wider and narrower due to the fluctuating surface pressure of the printing form (due to the washboard effect). This means a loss of resolution and possibly a falsification of the measurement. In addition, line and contour-shaped register elements are often not printed continuously, since the contact pressure of the printing for a continuous color transfer is not sufficient in each case. The lines may therefore have periodic disturbances that correlate with the troughs.
Durch eine Vielzahl von Versuchen konnte dargelegt werden, dass ein Verfahren zur Passermessung, bei dem die Lage mehrerer Passerelemente während des Druckverlaufs gemessen wird und mindestens ein Passerelement die beschriebene Flächenform aufweist, besonders gut für eine Passermessung insbesondere bei dem Bedrucken eines Wellpappesubstrats geeignet ist. Es zeigte sich in Druckversuchen, dass auch unter widrigsten Bedingungen die Kontur der beschriebenen Flächenform, etwa einer Ellipse, erhalten bleibt und damit die Passermessung durchgeführt werden kann.Through a large number of experiments it has been possible to demonstrate that a method for register measurement in which the position of a plurality of register elements is measured during the printing process and at least one registration element has the described surface shape is particularly well suited for pass metering, in particular for printing on a corrugated cardboard substrate. It was shown in compression tests that even under the most adverse conditions, the contour of the described surface shape, such as an ellipse, is maintained and thus the passport measurement can be performed.
Vorzugsweise ist das Passerelement relativ groß und weist eine Breite und Höhe von mehreren Millimetern auf, insbesondere etwa 5mm x etwa 10 mm (B x H). Die Größe des Passerelements ist wichtig. Wenn sie zu klein ist, ergibt sich ein Nachteil, ähnlich, wie dies im Zusammenhang mit einem linienförmigen Passerelement oben bereits erwähnt ist. Wenn sie zu groß ist, ist sie anfälliger für Quetschränder und Butzen bei übermäßiger Farbübertragung. In der Ausführungsform, in der das Verfahren ein Verfahren zur Passermessung bei dem Bedrucken eines Wellpappesubstrats ist, wird die Größe des Passerelements vorzugsweise so gewählt, dass mindestens ein Wellenberg die Flächenform abstützt. Das Druckelement (insbesondere Passerelement) ist dann vorzugsweise also größer, als der Wellenabstand der Wellpappe.Preferably, the registration element is relatively large and has a width and height of several millimeters, in particular about 5 mm × about 10 mm (W × H). The size of the registration element is important. If it is too small, there is a disadvantage, similar to what has already been mentioned in connection with a linear passer element above. If it is too large, it is more susceptible to crushing edges and slugs in case of excessive color transfer. In the embodiment in which the method is a method for passport measurement in the printing of a corrugated substrate, the size of the registration element is preferably selected so that at least one wave crest supports the surface form. The pressure element (in particular registration element) is then preferably greater than the corrugation distance of the corrugated cardboard.
Bevorzugt wird der Rand des Passerelements durch einen Bildalgorithmus ermittelt und vorzugsweise mit Hilfe einer Kontur visualisiert.Preferably, the edge of the registration element is determined by an image algorithm and preferably visualized by means of a contour.
Vorzugsweise interpretiert dieser Bildalgorithmus die innen liegende Fläche des Passerelements - bevorzugt die innerhalb der um das Passerelement gelegten Kontur liegende Fläche - als vollständig gefüllt und es wird weiter bevorzugt die Lage und/oder Verdrehung des Passerelements bestimmt. Die Bestimmung der Lage und/oder Verdrehung geschieht bevorzugt durch eine Schwerpunktbildung. Die Bestimmung der Lage und/oder Verdrehung dient bevorzugt der Lagebeurteilung eines Passerelementes einer Druckfarbe relativ zu einem anderen Passerelement einer anderen Druckfarbe.Preferably, this image algorithm interprets the inner surface of the registration element-preferably the surface lying within the contour laid around the registration element-as completely filled, and further determines the position and / or rotation of the registration element. The determination of the position and / or rotation is preferably done by a focus. The determination of the position and / or rotation preferably serves to assess the position of a registration element of one printing ink relative to another registration element of another printing ink.
In einer Ausführungsform erfolgt die Auswertung mit Hilfe einer Schwarz/Weiß-Kamera. Die visuelle Zuordnung kann dabei durch einen Rahmen- oder kombiniert mit einer Bezeichnung einem Druckwerk zugeordnet werden. Die Beleuchtung kann in diesem Fall mit weißem Licht, schmalbandigem Licht, mit monochromatischem Licht oder jeder anderen geeigneten Lichtquelle, zum Beispiel einer Infrarotlichtquelle, erfolgen. Der Nachteil der Aufnahme mit einer Schwarz/Weiß-Kamera liegt allerdings darin, dass die einzelnen Passerelemente nicht intuitiv einem Farbdruckwerk zugeordnet werden können. Es besteht die Gefahr, dass der Nutzer Korrekturen an einem falschen Druckwerk vornimmt.In one embodiment, the evaluation is carried out using a black and white camera. The visual assignment can be assigned to a printing unit by a frame or combined with a name. The illumination in this case can be done with white light, narrow band light, monochromatic light or any other suitable light source, for example an infrared light source. However, the disadvantage of taking pictures with a black-and-white camera is that the individual registration elements can not be intuitively assigned to a color printing unit. There is a risk that the user makes corrections to a wrong printing unit.
Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Auswertung mit Hilfe einer Farbkamera und die Passerelemente werden bevorzugt farbig gedruckt. Farbige Passerelemente lassen eine spontane und intuitive Zuordnung zu. Bevorzugt werden die Passerelemente mit den Originaldruckfarben gedruckt und zwar, besonders bevorzugt, gemeinsam mit dem Sujet.The evaluation is preferably carried out with the aid of a color camera and the registration elements are preferably printed in color. Colored passer elements allow a spontaneous and intuitive assignment. Preferably, the passer elements are printed with the original inks and indeed, more preferably, together with the subject.
Weiter bevorzugt erfolgt, insbesondere in der Ausführungsform, in der die Passerelemente mit den Originaldruckfarben gedruckt werden, an einem einzigen Passerelement gleichzeitig eine Passermessung und eine Farbmessung. Es wird also bevorzugt innerhalb einer Wellpappe verarbeitenden Maschine mit einer Aufnahme der Kamera eines Passerelements oder eines Passerelementefeldes gleichzeitig der Passer und die Farbgebung überprüft. Insbesondere durch den Druck der Passerelemente mit den Originaldruckfarben können die Innenflächen der Passerelemente für die Farbmessung (densitometrisch und/oder farbmetrisch) genutzt werden. Eine einzige Aufnahme der Passerelemente (etwa durch eine Kamera) kann daher der Passer- und der Farbmessung dienen. Mehre Kameras oder Sensoren können somit vermieden werden. Bevorzugt wird das Verfahren mittels einer einzigen Kamera oder einem einzigen Sensor durchgeführt. Insbesondere durch die beschriebene Flächenform des Passerelements sind innerhalb des Passerelements auch ausreichend Pixelelemente vorhanden, die zur Bestimmung der Farbgebung herausgezogen werden. Ausreißer (insbesondere aufgrund von Druckstörungen nach unten [zum Beispiel farbfreie Zonen]) werden bevorzugt durch entsprechende Algorithmen verworfen.More preferably, in particular in the embodiment in which the registration elements are printed with the original inks, a passport measurement and a colorimetry are simultaneously performed on a single registration element. It is thus preferably checked within a corrugated board processing machine with a recording of the camera of a passer element or a Passerelementefeldes simultaneously the passer and the color. In particular, by the pressure of the passer elements with the original inks, the inner surfaces of the passer elements for color measurement (densitometric and / or colorimetric) can be used. A single shot of the passer elements (such as a camera) can therefore serve the Passer- and the color measurement. Multiple cameras or sensors can thus be avoided. Preferably, the method is performed by means of a single camera or a single sensor. In particular, due to the described surface shape of the registration element, there are also sufficient pixel elements within the registration element which are extracted to determine the coloration. Outliers (especially due to downward pressure [eg colorless zones]) are preferably discarded by appropriate algorithms.
Densitometrische Messungen bestimmen die optische Dichte bzw. Farbdichte (Lichtschwächung), die als Maß für die Schichtdicke der Druckfarbe bestimmt wird. Die Dichtemessung arbeitet dabei entweder mit optischen Filtern (R, G, B) oder die Dichtemessung wird virtuell aus einer Spektralmessung errechnet. Anforderungen an die Dichtemessung sind unter anderem in der Norm DIN 16536 für die schmal- und breitbandige Messung beschrieben. Farbmetrische Messungen ermitteln mathematisch Abstandsverhältnisse im Farbraum und widmen sich der Bewertung von Farbunterschieden. Farbmetrische Messungen können dabei mit einem Dreibereichsmessgerät, Spektralfotometer oder einer Farbmesskamera erfolgen. Anforderungen an die Farbmessung an Oberflächen sind unter anderem aus der ISO 13655 zu entnehmen.Densitometric measurements determine the optical density or color density (light attenuation), which is determined as a measure of the layer thickness of the printing ink. The density measurement works either with optical filters (R, G, B) or the density measurement is calculated virtually from a spectral measurement. Requirements for density measurement are described, inter alia, in the standard DIN 16536 for narrowband and wideband measurement. Colorimetric measurements mathematically determine distance relationships in the color space and are dedicated to the evaluation of color differences. Colorimetric measurements can be carried out with a tristimulus measuring device, spectrophotometer or a color measurement camera. Requirements for the color measurement on surfaces can be found inter alia in ISO 13655.
Mit Vorteil werden mehrere Passerelemente in einem Passerelementefeld zusammengefasst und mit einer Aufnahme der Kamera während des Durchlaufs durch die Druckmaschine erfasst. Es sind also nicht etwa mehrere Kameras oder ein Schwenken der Kamera erforderlich. Bevorzugt wird die Kamera während des Passermessverfahrens also nicht geschwenkt. Mit anderen Worten ausgedrückt, wird also bevorzugt mindestens ein komplettes Passerelementefeld, das die Lage der einzelnen aktiven Druckwerke widerspiegelt, mit einer Aufnahme während des Durchlaufs durch die Druckmaschine erfasst.Advantageously, a plurality of registration elements are combined in a registration element field and recorded with a recording of the camera during the passage through the printing press. So it's not about multiple cameras or a pan of the camera required. The camera is therefore preferably not pivoted during the passmeter measurement process. In other words, preferably at least one complete registration element field, which reflects the position of the individual active printing units, is recorded with a recording during the passage through the printing press.
Die Auswertung des Aufnahmebildes kann, wenn wie in einer Ausführungsform eine Matrixkamera eingesetzt wird, innerhalb einer Bildverarbeitungssoftware innerhalb eines Rechners erfolgen. Wenn, wie bei einer anderen Ausführungsform eine Smartkamera eingesetzt wird, bei der die Auswertung direkt in der Kamera erfolgt, kann die Datenübertragung an die übergeordnete Steuerung nur die Lagedaten der einzelnen Elemente, zum Beispiel Verschiebung in X-, Y-Richtung und gegebenenfalls Verdrehung beinhalten. Zusätzlich können noch Farbwerte pro Druckwerk übertragen werden.If, as in one embodiment, a matrix camera is used, the evaluation of the recorded image can take place within an image processing software within a computer. If, as in another embodiment, a smart camera is used in which the evaluation takes place directly in the camera, the data transmission to the higher-level controller can only contain the position data of the individual elements, for example displacement in the X, Y direction and possibly rotation , In addition, color values can still be transferred per printing unit.
Die Aufgabe wird auch gelöst durch ein in Anspruch 9 wiedergegebenes Verfahren zur Passerkorrektur, genauer gesagt zur Korrektur einer Passerabweichung, insbesondere unter Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei die Korrektur der Passerabweichung durch den Maschinenbediener manuell erfolgt und bevorzugt am Bedienterminal die Passerabweichungen und gegebenenfalls Korrekturempfehlungen angezeigt werden und das Bedienterminal weiter bevorzugt mit einem Drucker verbunden ist, auf dem vorzugsweise die Stellempfehlungen für die Druckwerke ausgedruckt werden.The object is also achieved by a method for register correction reproduced in
Die Korrekturempfehlungen hängen bevorzugt von der voreingestellten und durch den Bediener festgelegten Toleranz ab. Zur besseren Visualisierung können die Abweichungen in einem Fadenkreuz oder durch Farben (zum Beispiel grün: innerhalb der Toleranz; rot: außerhalb der Toleranz) angezeigt werden. Bevorzugt ist, wie bereits erwähnt, das Bedienterminal mit einem Drucker verbunden, auf dem der Bediener die Stellempfehlungen für die Druckwerke ausdrucken kann. Dies ist insbesondere bei großen Wellpappenmaschinen sinnvoll, da Mess-, Bedienort und die Druckwerke auseinanderliegen können. Mit einem Drucker spart sich der Bediener das Abschreiben-, Abzeichnen der Stellbefehle und spart somit Rüstzeit.The correction recommendations preferably depend on the preset tolerance set by the operator. For better visualization, the deviations can be displayed in a crosshair or by colors (for example, green: within tolerance, red: out of tolerance). As already mentioned, the operating terminal is preferably connected to a printer on which the operator can print out the setting recommendations for the printing units. This is particularly useful in large corrugated machines, since measuring, operating and the printing units can be apart. With a printer, the operator saves copying, signing the positioning commands and thus saves set-up time.
In einer anderen Ausführungsform des Verfahrens zur Korrektur einer Passerabweichung, die eine andere Art der Verwertung der Messergebnisse darstellt, erfolgt die Korrektur der Passerabweichung nicht manuell, sondern es werden bevorzugt die Druckwerke durch Stellglieder oder Stellmotoren direkt automatisch angesteuert. Beispielsweise können die Druckformen am Druckformanfang und Druckformende durch Klammern gehalten werden, die motorisch verfahren werden können.In another embodiment of the method for correcting a registration error, which represents another way of utilizing the measurement results, the correction of the registration error does not occur manually, but the printing units are preferably actuated directly by actuators or servomotors. For example, the printing plates at the beginning of the printing form and the printing plate end can be held by clamps, which can be moved by a motor.
In einer noch anderen Ausführungsform des Verfahrens zur Korrektur einer Passerabweichung erfolgt die Verstellung des Druckzylinders, der die Druckform trägt, mit einem Registermotor oder durch die Ansteuerung eines Direktantriebs.In yet another embodiment of the method for correcting a registration error, the adjustment of the printing cylinder, which carries the printing form, with a register motor or by the control of a direct drive.
Es ist stets vorteilhaft, wenn das System dem Bediener eine Korrektur vorschlägt, er diese noch verändern kann und die Korrekturen nur auf Bedienereingabe hin ausgelöst werden. Möglich ist jedoch auch der andere Fall, nämlich die direkte Umsetzung in Stellbefehle.It is always advantageous if the system proposes a correction to the operator, he can still change it and the corrections are triggered only on operator input. However, it is also possible the other case, namely the direct implementation in control commands.
Die Korrekturen können dabei immer nur für Fehler erfolgen, die gleichbleibend sind oder einem definierten Trend folgen. Gerade bei der Verarbeitung von Wellpappe kann es jedoch zu spontanen Abweichungen, zum Beispiel eines Einzelbogens kommen. Dies kann zum Beispiel sein, wenn der Bogen oben auf einem Wellpappenstapel lag und somit mehr Luftfeuchtigkeit unterlag oder im Gegenteil mehr ausgetrocknet ist. Einzelne Bogen können mehr zusammengedrückt worden sein als andere. Es sind weitere vielfältige Ursachen für Einzelabweichungen im Wellpappendruck möglich.The corrections can always be made only for errors that are consistent or follow a defined trend. Especially in the processing of corrugated cardboard, however, it can lead to spontaneous deviations, for example, a single sheet. This can be the case, for example, if the sheet lay on top of a stack of corrugated cardboard and thus had more humidity or, on the contrary, dried out more. Single bows may have been compressed more than others. There are other manifold causes of individual deviations in the corrugated cardboard printing possible.
Vorzugsweise wird bei einer Auswertung klar zwischen einem Abweichungstrend und einzelnen Abweichungen unterschieden. Denn nur konstante oder einem konstanten Trend unterliegende Abweichungen können korrigiert werden. Hierzu werden in einem Ausführungsbeispiel mehrere Bogen hintereinander ausgewertet und die Abweichungen werden bewertet. Dies kann zum Beispiel durch einen gleitenden Mittelwert oder einen gleitenden Median erfolgen, der robuster gegen Ausreißer ist. Vorzugsweise kann der Nutzer in der Bediensoftware, festlegen, wie viele Bogen in die Auswertung einbezogen werden sollen.In the case of an evaluation, a distinction is clearly made between a deviation trend and individual deviations. Because only constant or a constant trend underlying deviations can be corrected. For this purpose, in one embodiment, a plurality of sheets are evaluated in succession and the deviations are evaluated. This can be done, for example, by a moving average or a moving median that is more robust against outliers. Preferably, the user can specify in the operating software, how many sheets should be included in the evaluation.
Grundsätzlich ist auch jedes andere Auswerteverfahren möglich, sofern dieses robust gegen vereinzelt auftretende Ausreißer ist.In principle, any other evaluation method is possible as long as it is robust against sporadic outliers.
Bei einzelnen Abweichungen wird bevorzugt zwischen zwei Fällen unterschieden. Den ersten Fall bilden bevorzugt Bogen mit zu großer Abweichung. Diese werden bevorzugt aus der Produktion ausgeschlossen. Den zweiten Fall bilden bevorzugt Bogen, bei denen die Aufnahme mit einer Kamera nicht oder in einer ungenügenden Qualität erfolgen kann. Dies kann beispielsweise durch ungünstige Bogenlaufbedingungen (zum Beispiel Flattern) geschehen. In dem ersten Fall (fehlerhafte Abweichung) wird also bevorzugt vermieden, dass der Bogen oder der Nutzen in die Auslieferung zum Kunden gelangt. Hierzu wird der fehlerhafte Bogen in einer Ausführungsform mit einer Sprühflüssigkeit, zum Beispiel mit einer UV-Fluoreszierenden Markierungsflüssigkeit, vorzugsweise mit Hilfe eines Sprühventils, markiert. Der fehlerhafte Bogen oder Nutzen kann auch mit einer Ausschleu-seeinrichtung aus dem Produktstrom entfernt werden. Die Herausnahme aus dem Produktstrom kann hierbei mit Drehtellern, Saugvorrichtungen oder Kickern oder jeder anderen geeigneten Einrichtung erfolgen. Die Ausschleusung erfolgt dabei bevorzugt vor dem Abstapler und weiter bevorzugt vor der Bündelung der Wellpappennutzen bzw. -bogen. Denkbar ist auch die Markierung des Bündels, das den fehlerhaften Wellpappebogen oder -nutzen enthält. Das Bündel wird dann bevorzugt aus der Produktion herausgenommen und nachsortiert.For individual deviations, a distinction is preferably made between two cases. The first case is formed by sheets with excessive deviation. These are preferably excluded from production. The second case preferably form sheets in which the recording with a camera can not be done or in an insufficient quality. This can happen, for example, due to unfavorable sheet travel conditions (for example fluttering). In the first case (erroneous deviation) is thus preferably avoided that the sheet or the benefit gets into the delivery to the customer. For this purpose, in one embodiment, the faulty sheet is marked with a spray liquid, for example with a UV-fluorescent marking liquid, preferably with the aid of a spray valve. The faulty bow or barb can also be used with a baffle be removed from the product stream. The removal from the product stream can be done with turntables, suction devices or kickers or any other suitable device. The discharge takes place preferably before the stacker and more preferably before bundling the corrugated board benefits or sheets. It is also conceivable to mark the bundle that contains the faulty corrugated sheet or blank. The bundle is then preferably removed from production and sorted.
In dem oben genannten zweiten Fall wird bevorzugt im Sinne einer umfassenden Qualitätskontrolle vermieden, dass ein ungeprüfter Bogen in die Auslieferung gelangt. Dies wird vorzugsweise erreicht, indem der Status der Messung vor der Messung auf "false" oder "fehlerhaft" gesetzt wird. Erst durch eine erfolgreiche Messung und eine Feststellung, dass die Werte innerhalb der vorgegebenen Grenzen liegen, wird bevorzugt der Status auf "ok" oder "fehlerfrei" gesetzt. Dieses, auch als "fail-safe"-Prinzip bekannte Verfahren verhindert, dass ungemessene und unbewertete Bogen in die Auslieferung gelangen.In the above-mentioned second case, it is preferably avoided in the sense of a comprehensive quality control that an unchecked sheet arrives in the delivery. This is preferably achieved by setting the status of the measurement to "false" or "faulty" before the measurement. Only by a successful measurement and a determination that the values are within the given limits, the status is preferably set to "ok" or "error-free". This method, also known as the "fail-safe" principle, prevents unmeasured and unvaluated sheets from being delivered.
Die Aufgabe wird auch durch die in Anspruch 10 wiedergegeben Passermess-und/oder Korrekturvorrichtung gelöst. Mit dieser erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, insbesondere zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, sind zumindest teilweise gefüllte Passerelemente messbar, die eine nicht rechteckige Flächenform haben, die in zwei zueinander senkrechten Richtungen unterschiedliche Längen aufweisen, insbesondere eine etwa ellipsenförmige Grundform und/oder die Form eines ellipsenähnlichen Vielecks.The object is also achieved by the pass measuring and / or correcting device reproduced in claim 10. With this device according to the invention, in particular for carrying out a method according to one of
Bei der Vorrichtung handelt es sich bevorzugt um eine Wellpappesubstrat-Passermess- und/oder Korrekturvorrichtung.The device is preferably a corrugated cardboard substrate measuring and / or correcting device.
Die Vorrichtung umfasst bevorzugt eine Kamera und ein einen Bildalgorithmus ausführendes Element. Mit Hilfe des Bildalgorithmus wird bevorzugt der Rand des Passerelements ermittelt und vorzugsweise durch eine Kontur visualisierbar. Es wird bevorzugt der Schwerpunkt des Passerelements bestimmt. In einer denkbaren Ausführungsform werden hierfür Grauwerte, in einer anderen Ausführungsform Binärwerte verwendet.The device preferably comprises a camera and an element implementing an image algorithm. With the aid of the image algorithm, the edge of the passer element is preferably determined and preferably visualized by a contour. The center of gravity of the registration element is preferably determined. In a conceivable For this purpose gray scale values are used, in another embodiment binary values.
Bevorzugt interpretiert der Bildalgorithmus die innenliegende Fläche des Passerelementes als vollständig gedruckte bzw. ausgefüllte Fläche, auch bei teilweise fehlerhafter Farbübertragung. Weiter bevorzugt ist die Lage und/oder Verdrehung des Passerelementes zum Beispiel durch eine Schwerpunktbildung bestimmbar.The image algorithm preferably interprets the inner surface of the registration element as a completely printed or filled-in area, even if the color transmission is partially faulty. More preferably, the position and / or rotation of the passer element, for example, determined by a focus.
Bei der Kamera handelt es sich in einer Ausführungsform um eine Schwarz/Weiß -Kamera.The camera is in one embodiment a black and white camera.
In einer anderen Ausführungsform handelt es sich bei der Kamera um eine Farbkamera.In another embodiment, the camera is a color camera.
Bevorzugt ist mit Hilfe der Vorrichtung an einem einzigen Passerelement gleichzeitig eine Passermessung und eine Farbmessung durchführbar.Preferably, with the help of the device at a single Passerelement simultaneously a passport measurement and a color measurement can be performed.
Vorzugsweise sind mit Hilfe der Kamera mehrere in einem Passerelementefeld zusammengefasste Passerelemente während des Durchlaufs durch die Druckmaschine und/oder Druckweiterverarbeitungsmaschine erfassbar.Preferably, with the aid of the camera, a plurality of register elements combined in a register element field can be detected during the passage through the printing press and / or print finishing machine.
Die Erfindung soll nun anhand eines in den Zeichnungen gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen:
- Fig.
1a bis 2 - eine Querschnittsdarstellung eines Druckvorganges bei einem Wellpappesubstrat;
- Fig. 3
- aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte linienförmige Skala;
- Fig. 4
- das Passerelement eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens;
- Fig. 5
- einen Vergleich des Platzbedarfes eines verdrehten ellipsenförmigen Passerelementes und eines rechteckförmigen Passerelementes;
- Fig. 6
- eine Graustufenaufnahme von Passerelementen in einem Passerelementefeld;
- Fig. 7
- eine Farbaufnahme von Passerelementen in einer
Fig. 6 entsprechenden Darstellung.
- Fig. 1a to 2
- a cross-sectional view of a printing operation in a corrugated substrate;
- Fig. 3
- known from the prior art linear scale;
- Fig. 4
- the registration element of a method according to the invention;
- Fig. 5
- a comparison of the space requirements of a twisted elliptical Passerelementes and a rectangular Passerelementes;
- Fig. 6
- a grayscale image of registration elements in a registration element field;
- Fig. 7
- a color photograph of passer elements in one
Fig. 6 corresponding representation.
Die
In der Phase 2 (
In der Phase 3 (
Die Wellendecke gibt um einen zusätzlichen Weg 13 in dem nicht durch die Welle abgestützten Bereich 17 gegenüber dem ursprünglichen Niveauunterschied 9 nach.The corrugated ceiling gives way to the
Auch wenn dies nur ein theoretisches Modell der Farbübertragung im Flexodruck darstellt, so zeigt dieses Modell, wie auch
Die Erkennung vieler aus dem Stand der Technik bekannter Messelemente basiert auf gedruckten Konturelementen. Ob ein Strichelement bei einem Druck auf eine Wellpappenoberfläche auf einen durch die Welle abgestützten Bereich der Substratoberfläche trifft und somit tendenziell breiter druckt oder auf einen nicht abgestützten, durchhängenden Bereich trifft und somit tendenziell schmaler druck, ist rein zufällig. In der Druckvorstufe kann der Verbreiterung der Balken nur entgegengewirkt werden, sofern diese Verbreiterung generell auf die gesamte Auflage zutrifft. Aus diesen Ausführungen wird deutlich, dass der Druck von Messelementen, insbesondere Passerelementen, auf Wellpappe besondere Herausforderungen birgt, die andere Substrate nicht oder nur in einem sehr viel geringeren Maß aufweisen. Messelemente für die Kontrolle des Passers (Passerelemente) müssen daher eine hohe Robustheit gegen die typischen Störungen im Wellpappedruck aufweisen, um eine konstante Qualitätskontrolle zu gewährleisten.The detection of many prior art known sensing elements is based on printed contour elements. Whether a bar element strikes a region of the substrate surface supported by the shaft during printing on a corrugated cardboard surface and thus tends to print wider or to an unsupported, sluggish area and thus tends to narrower, is purely coincidental. In the pre-press, broadening of the bars can only be counteracted if this broadening generally applies to the entire edition. It is clear from these explanations that the pressure of measuring elements, in particular register elements, on corrugated cardboard presents particular challenges that other substrates do not or only to a much lesser extent. Measuring elements for the control of the register (register elements) must therefore have a high degree of robustness against the typical disturbances in the corrugated pressure in order to ensure a constant quality control.
Eine Kontrolle eines jeweiligen Produkts ist erforderlich, da aufgrund der Steifigkeit der Wellpappe und den im Vergleich zu einlagig aufgebauten Substraten relativ großen Dickeschwankungen es zu Passerdifferenzen kommen kann, die sich von Drucknutzen zu Drucknutzen unterscheiden können. Unterschiedliche Dicken führen zu Abwicklungsdifferenzen, d.h. das eine Druckbild ist länger als ein anderes.A control of a respective product is required, since due to the stiffness of the corrugated cardboard and compared to single-layered substrates relatively large thickness variations may lead to Passerdifferenzen that may differ from pressure benefits to pressure benefits. Different thicknesses lead to settlement differences, i. one printed image is longer than another.
Der Bildalgorithmus interpretiert die innenliegende Fläche 4 als vollständig ausgefüllt, so dass die Lage und/oder Verdrehung des Passerelementes zum Beispiel durch eine Schwerpunktbildung für die Lagebeurteilung relativ zu dem Passerelement einer anderen Druckfarbe (in den Figuren nicht gezeigt) bestimmt werden kann.The image algorithm interprets the
Wie aus
Ein Farbbild, das durch die in
- 11
- PasserelementPasser element
- 22
- Wellpappesubstratcorrugated substrate
- 33
- Kontur um das PasserelementContour around the registration element
- 44
- innenliegende Fläche des Passerelementsinside surface of the registration element
- 55
- PasserelementefeldPasser parts Field
- 66
- Wellewave
- 77
- Außendeckeouter cover
- 88th
- teilelastische Druckform bzw. FlexodruckformPartially elastic printing form or flexographic printing plate
- 99
- NiveauunterschiedDifference in level
- 1010
- Wellenhöhewave height
- 1111
- niedrigeres Niveau der Wellenhöhelower level of wave height
- 1212
- noch niedrigeres Niveau der Wellenhöheeven lower level of wave height
- 1313
- zusätzlicher Wegadditional way
- 1414
- durch die Welle abgestützte Substratoberfläche, Erhebungensupported by the shaft substrate surface, surveys
- 1515
- Kraft in den durch die Welle abgestützten BereichenForce in the areas supported by the shaft
- 1616
- Kraft in den nicht abgestützten BereichenForce in the unsupported areas
- 1717
- nicht durch die Welle abgestützte Substratoberflächenot supported by the shaft substrate surface
- 1818
- aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte linienförmige Skalaknown from the prior art linear scale
- 1919
- rechteckförmiges Passerelementrectangular fitting element
- 2020
- Störungsbereichefault areas
- 2121
- Bereiche mit DruckstörungenAreas with pressure disturbances
- B, HB, H
- Richtungendirections
Claims (10)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass mindestens ein zumindest teilweise gefülltes Passerelement (1) eine nicht rechteckige Flächenform hat, die in zwei zueinander senkrechten Richtungen unterschiedliche Längen aufweist, insbesondere eine etwa ellipsenförmige Grundform und/oder die Form eines ellipsenähnlichen Vielecks.Method for passport measurement, in which the position of several register elements (1) during the course of the pressure is measured,
characterized,
in that at least one at least partially filled register element (1) has a non-rectangular surface shape which has different lengths in two mutually perpendicular directions, in particular an approximately elliptical basic shape and / or the shape of an ellipse-like polygon.
die Korrektur der Passerabweichung nicht manuell erfolgt und die Druckwerke durch Stellglieder oder Stellmotoren direkt automatisch angesteuert werden.Method for correcting a registration error, in particular by carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the correction of the registration error by the machine operator takes place manually and the operator terminal, the registration errors and possibly correction recommendations are displayed and the operator terminal is connected to a printer on the the recommended settings for the printing units are printed or
the correction of the registration error is not done manually and the printing units are controlled automatically by actuators or actuators directly.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE102012109949.9A DE102012109949A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 | 2012-10-18 | Method and device for passport measurement and / or register correction |
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EP2722180A1 true EP2722180A1 (en) | 2014-04-23 |
EP2722180B1 EP2722180B1 (en) | 2015-07-15 |
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EP13187927.2A Active EP2722180B1 (en) | 2012-10-18 | 2013-10-09 | Method and device for measuring and/or correcting registration marks |
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DE (1) | DE102012109949A1 (en) |
Citations (6)
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JPS6179657A (en) * | 1984-09-28 | 1986-04-23 | Fujitsu Ten Ltd | Detecting method for misregistering |
JPS63191638A (en) * | 1987-02-04 | 1988-08-09 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Method for registering printed matter |
EP0452769A1 (en) * | 1990-04-18 | 1991-10-23 | Bobst S.A. | Monitoring printing and cutting quality in a production plant for making packages |
US5126578A (en) * | 1989-07-15 | 1992-06-30 | Bobst Sa | Process and device for measuring displacement rates of a web running through a multi-color rotary printing press |
DE4338976A1 (en) * | 1993-11-15 | 1995-05-18 | Fogra Forschungsgesellschaft D | Control field pattern for multi-colour printing quality control |
DE102011113885A1 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2012-03-29 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft | Passer element used for measuring register fields of offset printer, prints image on print material with printing ink layers |
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JPS585259A (en) * | 1981-07-03 | 1983-01-12 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Registering method in printing |
JPH07214761A (en) * | 1994-01-28 | 1995-08-15 | Taiyo Denki Sangyo Kk | Detector of printing register mark and detection thereof |
DE10319770A1 (en) * | 2003-05-02 | 2004-12-09 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Method for regulating the color density of a color applied by a printing press to a printing medium and device for regulating various parameters relevant for the printing process of a printing press |
DE102005041651A1 (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2007-03-22 | Bosch Rexroth Aktiengesellschaft | Method for pressure correction |
DE102008053406A1 (en) * | 2008-10-27 | 2010-04-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for automatic axis correction in a processing machine for processing a material web |
-
2012
- 2012-10-18 DE DE102012109949.9A patent/DE102012109949A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2013
- 2013-10-09 EP EP13187927.2A patent/EP2722180B1/en active Active
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS6179657A (en) * | 1984-09-28 | 1986-04-23 | Fujitsu Ten Ltd | Detecting method for misregistering |
JPS63191638A (en) * | 1987-02-04 | 1988-08-09 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Method for registering printed matter |
US5126578A (en) * | 1989-07-15 | 1992-06-30 | Bobst Sa | Process and device for measuring displacement rates of a web running through a multi-color rotary printing press |
EP0452769A1 (en) * | 1990-04-18 | 1991-10-23 | Bobst S.A. | Monitoring printing and cutting quality in a production plant for making packages |
EP0452769B1 (en) | 1990-04-18 | 1995-07-12 | Bobst S.A. | Monitoring printing and cutting quality in a production plant for making packages |
DE4338976A1 (en) * | 1993-11-15 | 1995-05-18 | Fogra Forschungsgesellschaft D | Control field pattern for multi-colour printing quality control |
DE102011113885A1 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2012-03-29 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft | Passer element used for measuring register fields of offset printer, prints image on print material with printing ink layers |
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EP2722180B1 (en) | 2015-07-15 |
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