EP2720924B1 - Crash absorber arrangement for a rail vehicle, particularly a streetcar - Google Patents
Crash absorber arrangement for a rail vehicle, particularly a streetcar Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2720924B1 EP2720924B1 EP12727842.2A EP12727842A EP2720924B1 EP 2720924 B1 EP2720924 B1 EP 2720924B1 EP 12727842 A EP12727842 A EP 12727842A EP 2720924 B1 EP2720924 B1 EP 2720924B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shock
- impact
- arrangement
- rail vehicle
- operating state
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 39
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 45
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 38
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 27
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D15/00—Other railway vehicles, e.g. scaffold cars; Adaptations of vehicles for use on railways
- B61D15/06—Buffer cars; Arrangements or construction of railway vehicles for protecting them in case of collisions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
- B61G11/00—Buffers
- B61G11/16—Buffers absorbing shocks by permanent deformation of buffer element
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
- B61G7/00—Details or accessories
- B61G7/10—Mounting of the couplings on the vehicle
Definitions
- the invention relates to a crash absorber arrangement for a rail vehicle, in particular for a tram, with the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 and a method for coupling a first rail vehicle to a second rail vehicle (see, for example, US Pat EP 2 277 762 A2 comprising, inter alia, first and second impingement elements, wherein at least one impact absorption element (“crash absorber”) is connected to these impact elements and the second impact element is coupled by a coupling to the first impact absorption element).
- Rail vehicles usually have a driver's cab and car bodies with passenger compartments, wherein the driver's cab forms part of the car body.
- the driver's cab must meet certain safety requirements in order to provide sufficient protection for the driver in the cab or the persons in the car bodies in the event of a collision (crash) with another vehicle or object.
- shock absorbing elements that absorb impact energy and convert and absorb the absorbed impact energy into other forms of energy such as potential energy, heat and strain energy.
- Shock-absorbing elements can be divided into irreversible shock-absorbing elements and reversible shock-absorbing elements. Also mixed forms are possible. Their combination is also referred to as two-stage shock absorption elements with a reversible and an irreversible stage.
- the reversible shock absorbing elements absorb impact energy in collisions with another vehicle or an object in the direction of travel or against the direction of travel, but they are not plastically deformed while the irreversible shock-absorbing elements are plastically deformed when absorbing impact energy.
- irreversible shock-absorbing elements are honeycomb-shaped aluminum structures.
- Reversible shock-absorbing elements are designed, for example, as a piston / cylinder unit, wherein the cylinder can be filled with a liquid or an elastomer.
- shock-absorbing elements On the vehicle such that they lie at the height of the coupling device. Furthermore, usually at least one impact element is provided, via which the impact forces and also the impact energy are introduced into the impact absorption element upon impact.
- the term impact element is understood to mean, in particular, a bumper which is mounted on the front side of the vehicle and, with its outer surface lying forward in the direction of travel, forms an impact surface for a collision with another vehicle or an object.
- the bumper is connected on both sides at its opposite ends via at least one Stoßverzehrelement with the car body.
- the Stoßverzehretti and the shock bar are usually located in the front and rear of the rail vehicle.
- the shock bar and the two-stage designed Stoßverzehretti are typically also at a height.
- the bumpers may be convexly curved according to the usual rounded shape of a tram. They are preferably made of metal profiles, as a high-strength aluminum milled part or as a high-strength aluminum casting and dimensionally stable in collision with another vehicle or an object in contrast to the shock-absorbing elements.
- the shock-absorbing elements are arranged in particular behind the shock bar at its lateral ends, so that in a collision, the impact forces are introduced via the lateral ends of the shock bar in the shock-absorbing elements.
- the shock-absorbing elements are pressed against a lying behind this surface. This is a part or parts of the vehicle body. The shock is - when the Stoßverzehretti can not absorb energy - introduced into stable parts of the car body.
- shock-absorbing elements are designed as a combination of a reversible and an irreversible stage
- the irreversible stage is usually attached to the car body and the reversible stage to the irreversible stage. It is possible that several irreversible stages and / or reversible stages are present.
- the impact energy is first absorbed by the reversible stage of the shock absorbing element and only if the reversible stage can absorb any further impact energy more and z.
- the irreversible stage is claimed.
- the bumper which is at the level of the coupling device and the laterally projecting Stoßverzehrmaschinen, z. B. pivoted by a pivoting mechanism about a horizontally extending pivot axis upwards. When swinging the bumper, the reversible Stoßverzehrelement remains in its position.
- the behind arranged, mostly folded-in coupling device can be unfolded and the vehicle can be coupled with another vehicle.
- the swung-up shock bar is secured in the pivoted position until the coupling device is folded back.
- the coupling device in particular the coupling rod, extends in the deployed position at the height of the shock bar or approximately at the same height, if this is not pivoted. That is, the coupling rod, the side arranged Stoßverzehretti and the bumper are in non-pivoted position at about the same height level.
- the coupling rod When the coupled rail vehicles enter a curve, the position and orientation of the coupling rod relative to the neutral position changes when driving straight ahead.
- the coupling rod is pivotable relative to the supporting structure of the vehicle attached thereto.
- the coupling rod When driving straight ahead, the coupling rod is oriented with its longitudinal axis in the direction of travel.
- the coupling rod When entering a curve, the coupling rod assumes a pivotal position, in which its longitudinal axis extends at a corresponding angle to the vehicle longitudinal axis.
- the folded-out coupling rod only turns by one as a result of the laterally protruding shock-absorbing elements when cornering relatively narrow pivoting range relative to the neutral position when driving straight ahead can be pivoted.
- the folded-out coupling rod smashed - would drive closer curves - when pivoting on the shock-absorbing elements.
- the shock absorbing elements may be located above the level of the coupling device.
- the impact forces could not be initiated directly into the vehicle undercarriage, which has a negative effect on the safety of the driver and the other people in the vehicle, or it would be an additional stable construction required to withstand the forces in an impact can. But this would lead to a greater weight.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a crash absorber arrangement in which the above-described arrangement of coupling device and the Stoßverzehretti remains at the same height level, but tighter curve radii can be traveled.
- first shock-absorbing element e.g. is an irreversible shock-absorbing element and in the second shock-absorbing element e.g. is a reversible Stoßverzehrelement.
- the invention is based on the idea of designing the crash absorber arrangement in such a way that the previously given arrangement is broken with two firmly connected shock-absorbing elements, eg with an irreversible shock-absorbing element and a reversible shock-absorbing element, which is fastened on one side to parts of the carbody and on the other hand on the bumper ,
- two firmly connected shock-absorbing elements eg with an irreversible shock-absorbing element and a reversible shock-absorbing element, which is fastened on one side to parts of the carbody and on the other hand on the bumper
- the second Stoßverzehrelement follows z. B. the bumper when pivoting and can especially continue to stay attached to the bumper. If the double traction or towing stopped, z. B. the bumper be folded down again and the connection between the second shock-absorbing element and the first Stoßverzehrelement is restored.
- the entire length of the shock-absorbing elements is shortened in this way by the length of the second Stoßverzehrelements, since this is moved away.
- the coupling rod can thus occupy a wider range of pivotal positions in the unfolded state, without hitting the second Stoßverzehrelement.
- Narrower curve radii are passable.
- a movement device is used with which the second element for the coupling operation is moved away.
- the movement device can be arranged between the second impact absorption element and the first impact absorption element, i. H. the movement device is attached to the different shock-absorbing elements with parts which are movable relative to one another. But it is also possible that a part of the movement device is attached to other parts of the rail vehicle, for. B. directly on the car body or other supporting parts of the vehicle. A second part of the moving means which is movable relative to the first part of the moving means is then attached to the second shock absorbing member or associated parts, e.g. B. attached to the impact element.
- the movement device is preferably the same movement device with which the impact element is moved for the coupling operation. This makes it possible to dispense with an additional movement device.
- z. B. a coupling kinematics are used, via which a drive device moves both the impact element and the second shock-absorbing element.
- the separation of the connection between the second and the first Stoßverzehrelement does not necessarily mean that components must be removed from the vehicle during the coupling process. Rather, the components remain and in particular the second shock absorbing element on the vehicle.
- the second shock absorbing element is arranged on the impact element, either rigid or preferably movable. This will be discussed in more detail.
- the arrangement has a closure device for releasing and closing the connection of the first shock-absorbing element with the second shock-absorbing element.
- the closure device may be z.
- the quick-release device can be designed so that the connection between the second and the first Stoßverzehrelement engages when restoring the operating state for receiving impact energy, preferably without additional tightening the lock with a tool.
- the latch only snaps in that the separated parts are brought together again in the intended manner.
- the arrangement has a pivoting device for pivoting the second shock-absorbing element relative to the impact element.
- the second Stoßverzehrelement can be pivoted relative to the impact element and thus obtained in the second operating state corresponding to the clutch operation, space in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.
- the first shock absorbing element extends from the perspective of the car body of the rail vehicle forward in the direction of travel (or in the opposite direction backwards against the direction of travel).
- the second shock-absorbing element extends in the direction of travel or counter to the direction of travel in the further course, starting from the first shock-absorbing element.
- an intermediate element can be arranged between the shock-absorbing elements.
- the impact element is arranged in the first operating state.
- the crash absorber arrangement according to the invention is preferably located both on one side of the shock bar and on the other side. This means that the ends of the shock bar are each connected via a first Stoßverzehrelement and a second Stoßverzehrelement with the car body when the assembly is in the first operating state.
- the second shock absorbing elements at the opposite ends of the shock bar are together with the latter at a different location, which allows the coupling device to be pivoted over a larger pivoting range.
- the first Stoßverzehrelement remains in the coupling process, in particular its previous fixed arrangement and position on parts of the car body.
- the arrangement has an intermediate element, via which the first shock-absorbing element is connected to the second shock-absorbing element in the first operating state ready for the absorption of impact energy. More specifically, the intermediate member is separated from and removed from the first impact absorbing member together with the second impact absorbing member to enable the coupling operation.
- the intermediate element preferably extends in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle or travel direction, so that the total length of the arrangement, which consists of the first shock-absorbing element, the intermediate element and the second shock-absorbing element, the sum of the lengths of is three elements.
- a connection of the intermediate element to the first shock-absorbing element is closed by a first closure.
- the closure may be a closure of the act as above-mentioned closure device. Again it can be a quick release.
- the intermediate element is preferably closed with two closures in the first operating state.
- the intermediate element is closed with respect to its connection to the first Stoßverzehrelement.
- the intermediate element is closed with respect to its connection to the second shock-absorbing element via the second, optional closure.
- the opening of the second closure does not cause the intermediate element and the second shock-absorbing element to be separated from one another. Rather, the opening of the second closure leads to a relative movement (eg a pivoting movement) of the intermediate element and of the second shock-absorbing element being possible, so that the intermediate element for the second operating state can be brought into a different relative position to the second shock-absorbing element.
- the intermediate element pivots down about a horizontally extending axis of rotation. However, it preferably remains on the second shock-absorbing element and thus preferably also indirectly on the impact element.
- the second shock-absorbing element may be combined with two closures analogously to the above-described embodiment of the intermediate element.
- the one closure closes the connection to the first shock-absorbing element in the first operating state.
- the other closure closes a possibility of movement relative to the impact element.
- this movement possibility is a rotational movement about a rotational axis extending in the vertical direction. But it is also possible to rotate about a horizontal axis of rotation.
- the connection between the first and second shock absorption element is achieved in particular by manual actuation of the closure device.
- the bumper, with which the second Stoßverzehrelement is connected to be pivoted.
- the crash absorber arrangement provides in a development that the second shock-absorbing element can be folded onto the impact element or arranged rotatable thereon.
- the second Stoßverzehrelement can be rotated in the pivoted end position of the shock bar preferably via a located on the bumper swivel with a vertical axis of rotation (when viewing the vehicle from the outside) behind the bumper.
- the second Stoßverzehrelement be folded behind the bumper or rotated and fixed in this position in addition to the bumper.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic and simplified representation of the parts in the front region of a rail vehicle. The direction of travel extends in this representation from bottom to top or from top to bottom.
- FIG. 1 Shown is the supporting structure with a coupling device, wherein the coupling rod is shown folded.
- an impact element in the form of a shock bar 51 which extends over a substantial part of the width of the rail vehicle convexly curved, is shown.
- the bumper 51 is secured at its opposite ends to a reversible shock absorbing element 52, which in turn is connected to the car body 10, 11, 12 via an irreversible shock absorbing element 50.
- the shock-absorbing elements 52, 50 are arranged in pairs in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.
- FIG. 1 shows a total of four, on each side of the vehicle two, arranged symmetrically to the vertical center plane of the rail vehicle Stoßverzehretti 50, 52.
- the impact energy will be at least partially absorbed by the Stoßverzehrmaschinen 50, 52, so that the impact is not or only partially is transmitted to the supporting structure of the rail vehicle.
- the supporting structure of the car body are a cross member 10, two attached thereto Side members 11a, 11b and diagonal supports 12a, 12b are shown extending diagonally outwardly from the cross member towards the impact absorbing members 52, 50.
- the coupling rod 31 can be folded out and folded by being pivoted about a vertically extending pivot axis of a joint 32 and about a pivot axis 33 in the mounting region on the supporting structure.
- FIG. 2 shows a plan view as in Fig. 1 , but with unfolded and pivoted coupling rod 31.
- the shock bar 51 is in the folded position. However, the higher position is not recognizable in the illustration. He was z. B. pivoted about a (not shown) extending in the horizontal direction pivot axis upwards, so that the coupling rod 31 is folded out and the coupling process is executable. It can be seen in this illustration that the reversible shock-absorbing elements 52 are arranged pivoted at both ends of the shock bar 51 under the bumper 51. The irreversible shock absorbing elements 50 remain on the parts of the supporting structure.
- FIG. 3 shows a further illustration of the top view of parts in the front region of a rail vehicle with the arrangement of Stoßverzehrmaschine 50, 52 and the shock bar 51 in the folded-down position and in FIG. 4 in a raised position.
- the reversible element 52 is configured differently than in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 , In FIG. 4 the reversible shock-absorbing elements 52 are shown at both ends of the shock bar 51 at this folded inwards.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic and simplified representation of an embodiment of the inventive arrangement of the shock-absorbing elements 50, 52 and the shock bar 51 in side view.
- the irreversible shock-absorbing element 50 connected to load-bearing parts 10 of the rail vehicle.
- Via a device 20 the irreversible shock-absorbing element 50 and the reversible shock-absorbing element 52 are locked together.
- the reversible shock-absorbing element 52 is connected via a structure attached to the bumper bar 22 with the bumper 51.
- This closure device 20 the connection between irreversible and reversible shock-absorbing element is separated.
- the reversible shock-absorbing element 52 is pivoted inwards via a vertically extending pivot axis 23 and fixed on the bumper 51. The pivoting movement can be closed and released via a second closure device 28
- FIG. 6 shows the arrangement of Fig. 5 in the second operating state. It can be seen that the bumper 51 with the reversible impact absorbing element 52 attached thereto and the closure device 20 has been moved not only to a higher position but also in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle (in FIG Fig. 6 left to right) has been removed from the irreversible shock absorbing element 50. However, shows Fig. 6 not exactly the second operating state, since the reversible shock-absorbing element 52 has not yet been pivoted about the axis 23 relative to the bumper 51. On the right-facing free end of the irreversible shock-absorbing element 50 can be seen a projection 20 a, which is part of the closure device 20. This projection 20a extends in the in Fig. 5 illustrated first operating state in the interior of the closure device 20th
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic and simplified illustration of a further embodiment of the arrangement of the shock-absorbing elements and the shock bar 51 according to the invention.
- a side view is displayed.
- the bumper 51 is connected by a device 21 with parts of the vehicle body 27.
- This movement or connection device 21 provides an arcuate pivot arm 21a and a part 26, which establishes the connection to the vehicle body 27, before.
- the attached to the back of the bumper member 22 receives the reversible shock-absorbing element 52 which is fixed to the bumper 51.
- the shock bar 51 is pivoted with the reversible shock absorbing element 52 by means of pivot arm 21a (not shown).
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic and simplified representation of a arranged on the rail vehicle 15 coupling device with pivoted coupling rod 31.
- reference numeral 16 the position and orientation of Coupling rod 31 indicated in neutral position when driving straight ahead of the rail vehicle 15.
- Reference character SB indicates the pivoting range of the coupling rod 31 from the neutral position 16 to a maximum pivoting position when entering curves.
- FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 show side views of a further embodiment of a crash absorber arrangement according to the invention. It puts FIG. 9 the first operating state, in which the crash absorber arrangement is ready to absorb any impact on impact on the impact element. On the other hand FIG. 10 the second operating state, in which the rail vehicle via an in FIGS. 9 and 10 not shown coupling device can be coupled together with another rail vehicle.
- an irreversible shock-absorbing element 50 is arranged, which coincides with his in FIGS. 9 and 10 extending to the right end in the direction of travel to the front or rear.
- a movement or pivoting device 21 ' is arranged, which allows a reversible Stoßverzehrelement 52 and an associated impact element (here: bumper 51) upwards in the in Fig. 10 to pivot shown pivot position.
- the pivoting device 21 ' has a first fastening element 55b fixed to the free end of the irreversible impact-absorbing element 50, which carries an obliquely upwardly and forwardly extending kinematics arm 58 which is immovable relative to the first fastening element 55b.
- a telescopic device 55 is rotatably articulated to the first fastening element 55b. All joints of the pivoting device 21 'described below allow rotational movements about approximately in the horizontal direction axes.
- a first rotary arm 59 is rotatably articulated, whose opposite end is rotatably articulated to a second fastening element 53a of the pivoting device 21 '.
- This second fastening element 53a is firmly connected to the reversible impact-absorbing element 52.
- a second pivot arm 54 is pivotably articulated, the opposite end is rotatably articulated also on the second fastening element 53b.
- the first rotary arm 59 and the second rotary arm 54 extend in both the first operating state ( Fig. 9 ) and in the second operating state ( Fig. 10 ) each approximately parallel to each other. They extend starting from the kinematic arm 58 in the first operating state from top to bottom and starting from the kinematic arm 58 in the second operating state obliquely upward upward forward (or alternatively in another from the perspective of the car body 10 forward direction depending from the desired pivot angle of the pivot arms 54, 59).
- the second fixing member 53b including the reversible shock absorbing member 52 and the bumper 51 is in a position relative to the irreversible impact absorbing member 50 located farther forward and higher than in the first operating condition.
- the telescopic device 55 supports the movement from the first operating state to the second operating state or drives this movement.
- the telescopic device is z. B. a gas compression spring, which supports the pivoting movement upwards and thus facilitated.
- an intermediate element 53 is also provided, which in the first operating state (FIG. Fig. 9 ) is connected on one side directly to the first fastening element 55b and on the opposite side directly to the second fastening element 53b.
- the connection of the connecting element 53 with the first fastening element 55b is releasable, in order to allow the separation between the two shock-absorbing elements 50, 52 and the respectively associated parts.
- connection between the connecting element 53 and the second fastening element 53b is also detachable, but only to allow a pivoting movement of the connecting element 53 relative to the second fastening element 53b, so that the connecting element 53 is pivotable downwards in the second operating state.
- the axis of rotation of this pivoting movement is in particular identical to the Rotary axis about which the second fastening element 53b and the second rotary arm 54 are pivotable relative to each other.
- the intermediate element 53 is closable with respect to its releasable connection to the first fastening element 55b (that is, the connection is secured against unintentional release).
- a first closure device 57 is provided, for example a quick-closing device.
- the connection between the connecting element 53 and the second fastening element 53b can be closed via a second closure device 56.
- the closure devices 56, 57 By actuating the closure devices 56, 57 respectively, the connections of the connecting element 53 can be released, so that the arrangement can pass from the first to the second operating state. Conversely, when reaching the first operating state z. B. by snapping the locking devices 56, 57 again a secure connection can be achieved.
- the closure element 53 at its in the first operating state to the second fastening element 53b facing contact surface on an obliquely from top to bottom extending course, so that also obliquely from top to bottom extending contact surface of the second fastener 53b when transmitting impact forces a having vertical force component.
- the contact surface of the second fastening element 53b also serves as a stop for the rotational movement of the connecting element 53, when it is pivoted back into the position which it occupies in the first operating state.
- pivoting device 21 allows due to the described kinematics with two approximately parallel rotating arms and due to the intermediate element not only pivoting of the reversible Stoßverzehrelements 52 and the impact member 51 upwards, but also a significant distance in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle in the second operating state. This creates space for the handling of the coupling device when producing a coupling with a second rail vehicle.
- the intermediate element could be firmly connected to the reversible Stoßverzehrelement or the element 53 which can be pivoted against the bumper be replaced by the reversible Stoßverzehrelement. In both cases, the reversible Stoßverzehrelement is pivoted in the second operating state against the bumper.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Crashabsorberanordnung für ein Schienenfahrzeug, insbesondere für eine Straßenbahn, mit den im Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 genannten Merkmalen und ein Verfahren zum Kuppeln eines ersten Schienenfahrzeuges mit einem zweiten Schienenfahrzeug (siehe z.B.
Schienenfahrzeuge weisen üblicherweise eine Fahrerkabine und Wagenkästen mit Fahrgasträumen auf, wobei die Fahrerkabine einen Teil des Wagenkastens bildet. Die Fahrerkabine muss bestimmten sicherheitstechnischen Anforderungen genügen, um im Fall einer Kollision (Crash) mit einem anderen Fahrzeug oder einem Gegenstand dem in der Fahrerkabine befindlichen Fahrer oder den in den Wagenkästen befindlichen Personen ausreichend Schutz zu bieten.Rail vehicles usually have a driver's cab and car bodies with passenger compartments, wherein the driver's cab forms part of the car body. The driver's cab must meet certain safety requirements in order to provide sufficient protection for the driver in the cab or the persons in the car bodies in the event of a collision (crash) with another vehicle or object.
Zu diesem Zweck und auch zum Schutz des Fahrzeugs vor größeren Schäden, ist es bekannt, dass die Wagenkästen mit sogenannten Stoßverzehrelementen ausgerüstet sind, die Stoßenergie aufnehmen und die aufgenommene Stoßenergie in andere Energieformen, wie potentielle Energie, Wärme und Verformungsenergie, umwandeln und damit absorbieren.To this end and also to protect the vehicle from major damage, it is known that the car bodies are equipped with so-called shock absorbing elements that absorb impact energy and convert and absorb the absorbed impact energy into other forms of energy such as potential energy, heat and strain energy.
Stoßverzehrelemente lassen sich in irreversible Stoßverzehrelemente und reversible Stoßverzehrelemente einteilen. Auch Mischformen sind möglich. Bei deren Kombination spricht man auch von zweistufig ausgeführten Stoßverzehrelementen mit einer reversiblen und einer irreversiblen Stufe. Die reversiblen Stoßverzehrelemente absorbieren bei Kollisionen mit einem anderen Fahrzeug oder einem Gegenstand in Fahrtrichtung oder entgegen der Fahrtrichtung Stoßenergie, wobei sie aber nicht plastisch verformt werden, während die irreversiblen Stoßverzehrelemente beim Absorbieren von Stoßenergie plastisch deformiert werden. Beispiele für irreversible Stoßverzehrelemente sind wabenförmige Aluminiumstrukturen. Reversible Stoßverzehrelemente sind beispielsweise als Kolben-/Zylindereinheit ausgebildet, wobei der Zylinder mit einer Flüssigkeit oder einem Elastomer gefüllt sein kann.Shock-absorbing elements can be divided into irreversible shock-absorbing elements and reversible shock-absorbing elements. Also mixed forms are possible. Their combination is also referred to as two-stage shock absorption elements with a reversible and an irreversible stage. The reversible shock absorbing elements absorb impact energy in collisions with another vehicle or an object in the direction of travel or against the direction of travel, but they are not plastically deformed while the irreversible shock-absorbing elements are plastically deformed when absorbing impact energy. Examples of irreversible shock-absorbing elements are honeycomb-shaped aluminum structures. Reversible shock-absorbing elements are designed, for example, as a piston / cylinder unit, wherein the cylinder can be filled with a liquid or an elastomer.
Bekannt ist es, die Stoßverzehrelemente am Fahrzeug so anzuordnen, dass diese auf Höhe der Kupplungsvorrichtung liegen. Ferner ist üblicherweise zumindest ein Aufprallelement vorgesehen, über das beim Aufprall die Stoßkräfte und auch die Stoßenergie in die Stoßverzehrelement eingeleitet werden.It is known to arrange the shock-absorbing elements on the vehicle such that they lie at the height of the coupling device. Furthermore, usually at least one impact element is provided, via which the impact forces and also the impact energy are introduced into the impact absorption element upon impact.
Unter der Bezeichnung Aufprallelement wird in dieser Patentschrift insbesondere ein stirnseitig am Fahrzeug angebrachter Stoßbügel verstanden, der mit seiner in Fahrtrichtung vorn liegenden Außenoberfläche eine Aufprallfläche für einen Zusammenstoß mit einem anderen Fahrzeug oder einen Gegenstand bildet. Der Stoßbügel ist beidseitig an seinen entgegengesetzten Enden über zumindest ein Stoßverzehrelement mit dem Wagenkasten verbunden.In this patent specification, the term impact element is understood to mean, in particular, a bumper which is mounted on the front side of the vehicle and, with its outer surface lying forward in the direction of travel, forms an impact surface for a collision with another vehicle or an object. The bumper is connected on both sides at its opposite ends via at least one Stoßverzehrelement with the car body.
Die Stoßverzehrelemente und der Stoßbügel befinden sich üblicherweise im Front-und Heckbereich des Schienenfahrzeuges. Der Stoßbügel und die zweistufig ausgeführten Stoßverzehrelemente liegen typischerweise ebenfalls auf einer Höhe.The Stoßverzehrelemente and the shock bar are usually located in the front and rear of the rail vehicle. The shock bar and the two-stage designed Stoßverzehrelemente are typically also at a height.
Die Stoßbügel können entsprechend der üblich gerundeten Form einer Straßenbahn konvex gekrümmt sein. Sie sind vorzugsweise aus Metallprofilen, als hochfestes Aluminium-Frästeil oder als hochfestes Aluminium-Gussteil gefertigt und bei Kollision mit einem anderen Fahrzeug oder einem Gegenstand im Gegensatz zu den Stoßverzehrelementen formstabil.The bumpers may be convexly curved according to the usual rounded shape of a tram. They are preferably made of metal profiles, as a high-strength aluminum milled part or as a high-strength aluminum casting and dimensionally stable in collision with another vehicle or an object in contrast to the shock-absorbing elements.
Die Stoßverzehrelemente sind insbesondere hinter dem Stoßbügel an dessen seitlichen Enden angeordnet, so dass bei einer Kollision die Stoßkräfte über die seitlichen Enden des Stoßbügels in die Stoßverzehrelemente eingeleitet werden. Die Stoßverzehrelemente werden dabei gegen eine hinter diesen liegende Fläche gedrückt. Dabei handelt es sich um ein Teil oder Teile des Fahrzeug-Wagenkastens. Der Stoß wird - wenn die Stoßverzehrelemente keine Energie mehr aufnehmen können - in stabile Teile des Wagenkastens eingeleitet.The shock-absorbing elements are arranged in particular behind the shock bar at its lateral ends, so that in a collision, the impact forces are introduced via the lateral ends of the shock bar in the shock-absorbing elements. The shock-absorbing elements are pressed against a lying behind this surface. This is a part or parts of the vehicle body. The shock is - when the Stoßverzehrelemente can not absorb energy - introduced into stable parts of the car body.
Sind die Stoßverzehrelemente als Kombination einer reversibler und einer irreversiblen Stufe ausgeführt, dann ist die irreversible Stufe gewöhnlich am Wagenkasten und die reversible Stufe an der irreversiblen Stufe befestigt. Möglich ist, dass mehrere irreversible Stufen und/oder reversible Stufen vorhanden sind.If the shock-absorbing elements are designed as a combination of a reversible and an irreversible stage, then the irreversible stage is usually attached to the car body and the reversible stage to the irreversible stage. It is possible that several irreversible stages and / or reversible stages are present.
Bei einem Aufprall auf den Stoßbügel wird die Stoßenergie zunächst von der reversiblen Stufe des Stoßverzehrelementes absorbiert und nur dann, wenn die reversible Stufe keine weitere Stoßenergie mehr aufnehmen kann und z. B. ein Endanschlag der reversiblen Stufe erreicht ist, wird die irreversible Stufe beansprucht.In an impact on the bumper, the impact energy is first absorbed by the reversible stage of the shock absorbing element and only if the reversible stage can absorb any further impact energy more and z. B. an end stop of the reversible stage is reached, the irreversible stage is claimed.
Bei Doppeltraktionsfahrten oder Abschleppfahrten müssen Schienenfahrzeuge miteinander gekuppelt werden. Zu diesem Zweck kann der Stoßbügel, der auf Höhe der Kupplungsvorrichtung und den seitlich hervorstehenden Stoßverzehrelementen liegt, z. B. mittels einer Schwenkmechanik um eine horizontal verlaufende Schwenkachse nach oben verschwenkt. Beim Hochschwenken des Stoßbügels verbleibt das reversible Stoßverzehrelement in seiner Position.For double traction or towing, rail vehicles must be coupled together. For this purpose, the bumper, which is at the level of the coupling device and the laterally projecting Stoßverzehrelementen, z. B. pivoted by a pivoting mechanism about a horizontally extending pivot axis upwards. When swinging the bumper, the reversible Stoßverzehrelement remains in its position.
In nach oben verschwenkter Position kann die dahinter angeordnete, zumeist eingeklappte Kupplungsvorrichtung ausgeklappt und das Fahrzeug mit einem anderen Fahrzeug gekuppelt werden. Der nach oben verschwenkte Stoßbügel wird in der verschwenkten Stellung gesichert, bis die Kupplungsvorrichtung wieder eingeklappt wird. Die Kupplungsvorrichtung, insbesondere die Kupplungsstange, erstreckt sich in ausgeklappter Position auf Höhe des Stoßbügels oder ungefähr auf gleicher Höhe, wenn dieser nicht verschwenkt ist. Das heißt, die Kupplungsstange, die seitlich angeordneten Stoßverzehrelemente und der Stoßbügel liegen in nicht verschwenkter Ausgangsposition ungefähr auf gleichem Höhenniveau.In the upward pivoted position, the behind arranged, mostly folded-in coupling device can be unfolded and the vehicle can be coupled with another vehicle. The swung-up shock bar is secured in the pivoted position until the coupling device is folded back. The coupling device, in particular the coupling rod, extends in the deployed position at the height of the shock bar or approximately at the same height, if this is not pivoted. That is, the coupling rod, the side arranged Stoßverzehrelemente and the bumper are in non-pivoted position at about the same height level.
Fahren die miteinander gekuppelten Schienenfahrzeuge in eine Kurve ein, verändert sich die Position und Ausrichtung der Kupplungsstange gegenüber der Neutralstellung bei Geradeausfahrt. Die Kupplungsstange ist relativ zu der an sie befestigten tragenden Konstruktion des Fahrzeuges schwenkbar. Bei Geradeausfahrt ist die Kupplungsstange mit ihrer Längsachse in Fahrtrichtung orientiert. Bei Einfahrt in eine Kurve nimmt die Kupplungsstange eine Schwenkstellung ein, bei der ihre Längsachse unter einem entsprechenden Winkel gegen die Fahrzeug-Längsachse verläuft.When the coupled rail vehicles enter a curve, the position and orientation of the coupling rod relative to the neutral position changes when driving straight ahead. The coupling rod is pivotable relative to the supporting structure of the vehicle attached thereto. When driving straight ahead, the coupling rod is oriented with its longitudinal axis in the direction of travel. When entering a curve, the coupling rod assumes a pivotal position, in which its longitudinal axis extends at a corresponding angle to the vehicle longitudinal axis.
Als nachteilig hat sich erwiesen, dass die ausgeklappte Kupplungsstange infolge der seitlich hervorstehenden Stoßverzehrelemente bei Kurvenfahrten nur um einen relativ eng begrenzten Schwenkbereich gegenüber der Neutralstellung bei Geradeausfahrt verschwenkt werden kann. Die ausgeklappte Kupplungsstange schlüge - würden engere Kurven befahren - beim Verschwenken an den Stoßverzehrelementen an.It has proven to be disadvantageous that the folded-out coupling rod only turns by one as a result of the laterally protruding shock-absorbing elements when cornering relatively narrow pivoting range relative to the neutral position when driving straight ahead can be pivoted. The folded-out coupling rod smashed - would drive closer curves - when pivoting on the shock-absorbing elements.
Um engere Kurvenradien zu ermöglichen, können die Stoßverzehrelemente über dem Niveau der Kupplungsvorrichtung angeordnet werden. Damit würden Sie jedoch in den räumlichen Bereich der Fahrerkabine gelangen, was sich auf die Bewegungsfreiheit des Fahrzeugführers auswirkt oder die Baulänge des Fahrzeugs verändert und dem Fahrzeugführer durch Hochsetzen der Frontscheibe die Sicht nach unten nimmt. Zum anderen könnten dann die Stoßkräfte nicht direkt in das Fahrzeuguntergestell eingeleitet werden, was sich negativ auf die Sicherheit des Fahrzeugführers und der weiteren Personen im Fahrzeug auswirkt, oder es wäre eine zusätzliche stabile Konstruktion erforderlich, um den Kräften bei einem Aufprall standhalten zu können. Dies würde aber zu einem größeren Gewicht führen.To allow for tighter turning radii, the shock absorbing elements may be located above the level of the coupling device. However, you would get into the spatial area of the driver's cab, which affects the freedom of movement of the driver or changes the overall length of the vehicle and the driver by raising the windscreen, the view down. On the other hand, then the impact forces could not be initiated directly into the vehicle undercarriage, which has a negative effect on the safety of the driver and the other people in the vehicle, or it would be an additional stable construction required to withstand the forces in an impact can. But this would lead to a greater weight.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Crashabsorberanordnung anzugeben, bei der die oben beschriebene Anordnung von Kupplungsvorrichtung und der Stoßverzehrelemente auf gleichem Höhenniveau beibehalten bleibt, aber engere Kurvenradien befahren werden können.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a crash absorber arrangement in which the above-described arrangement of coupling device and the Stoßverzehrelemente remains at the same height level, but tighter curve radii can be traveled.
Ferner ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zum Kuppeln zweier Schienenfahrzeuge anzugeben, bei dem die beschriebenen Nachteile vermieden werden.It is another object of the invention to provide a method for coupling two rail vehicles, in which the disadvantages described are avoided.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst mit einer Crashabsorberanordnung für Schienenfahrzeuge, insbesondere für eine Straßenbahn, bei der ein Stoßverzehrelement, insbesondere das reversible Stoßverzehrelement, für den Kupplungsbetrieb von einem anderen Stoßverzehrelement, insbesondere dem irreversiblen Stoßverzehrelement, trennbar ist. Insbesondere weist die Anordnung auf:
- ein erstes (z. B. irreversibles) Stoßverzehrelement,
- ein zweites (z. B. reversibles) Stoßverzehrelement, das in einem ersten zur Aufnahme von Stoßenergie bereiten Betriebszustand mit dem ersten Stoßverzehrelement verbunden ist,
- und ein Aufprallelement, welches mit dem zweiten Stoßverzehrelement verbunden ist,
- a first (eg irreversible) shock-absorbing element,
- a second (e.g., reversible) shock absorbing member connected to the first shock absorbing member in a first operating state ready to receive impact energy;
- and an impact member connected to the second impact absorbing member,
Die Aufgabe wird ferner gelöst mit einem Verfahren zum Kuppeln eines ersten Schienenfahrzeuges mit einem zweiten Schienenfahrzeug an eine solche Crashabsorberanordnung, wobei das Verfahren folgende Schritte umfasst:
- Trennen der Verbindung zwischen einem ersten (z.B. dem irreversiblen) Stoßverzehrelement und einem zweiten (z.B. dem reversiblen) Stoßverzehrelement,
- Bewegen des zweiten Stoßverzehrelements mittels einer Bewegungseinrichtung in eine Stellung eines zweiten Betriebszustandes,
- Kuppeln der Schienenfahrzeuge über eine Kupplungsvorrichtung des Schienenfahrzeuges.
- Separating the connection between a first (eg the irreversible) shock-absorbing element and a second (eg the reversible) shock-absorbing element,
- Moving the second Stoßverzehrelements by means of a moving means in a position of a second operating state,
- Coupling the rail vehicles via a coupling device of the rail vehicle.
Auch im Folgenden gilt, dass es sich bei dem ersten Stoßverzehrelement z.B. um ein irreversibles Stoßverzehrelement handelt und bei dem zweiten Stoßverzehrelement z.B. um ein reversibles Stoßverzehrelement handelt.In the following, too, it applies that in the case of the first shock-absorbing element, e.g. is an irreversible shock-absorbing element and in the second shock-absorbing element e.g. is a reversible Stoßverzehrelement.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen sowie aus der Beschreibung.Advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and from the description.
Der Erfindung liegt der Gedanke zu Grunde, die Crashabsorberanordnung so auszugestalten, dass die bisherige vorgegebene Anordnung mit zwei fest verbundenen Stoßverzehrelementen, z.B. mit einem irreversiblen Stoßverzehrelement und einem reversiblen Stoßverzehrelement, die einerseits an Teilen des Wagenkastens befestigt ist und andererseits an dem Stoßbügel, durchbrochen wird. Beim Kuppeln zweier Schienenfahrzeuge wird die zwischen den beiden Stoßverzehrelementen bestehende Verbindung gelöst und das zweite Stoßverzehrelement folgt z. B. dem Stoßbügel beim Hochschwenken und kann insbesondere weiter am Stoßbügelbefestigt bleiben. Wird die Doppeltraktionsfahrt oder Abschleppfahrt beendet, kann z. B. der Stoßbügel wieder heruntergeklappt werden und die Verbindung zwischen dem zweiten Stoßverzehrelement und dem ersten Stoßverzehrelement wird wiederhergestellt.The invention is based on the idea of designing the crash absorber arrangement in such a way that the previously given arrangement is broken with two firmly connected shock-absorbing elements, eg with an irreversible shock-absorbing element and a reversible shock-absorbing element, which is fastened on one side to parts of the carbody and on the other hand on the bumper , When coupling two rail vehicles existing between the two Stoßverzehrelementen connection is released and the second Stoßverzehrelement follows z. B. the bumper when pivoting and can especially continue to stay attached to the bumper. If the double traction or towing stopped, z. B. the bumper be folded down again and the connection between the second shock-absorbing element and the first Stoßverzehrelement is restored.
Die gesamte Baulänge der Stoßverzehrelemente verkürzt sich auf diese Weise um die Länge des zweiten Stoßverzehrelements, da dieses wegbewegt wird. Die Kupplungsstange kann im ausgeklappten Zustand somit einen größeren Bereich von Schwenkstellungen einnehmen, ohne an dem zweiten Stoßverzehrelement anzuschlagen. Engere Kurvenradien sind befahrbar. Es wird eine Bewegungseinrichtung verwendet, mit der das zweite Element für den Kupplungsbetrieb wegbewegt wird.The entire length of the shock-absorbing elements is shortened in this way by the length of the second Stoßverzehrelements, since this is moved away. The coupling rod can thus occupy a wider range of pivotal positions in the unfolded state, without hitting the second Stoßverzehrelement. Narrower curve radii are passable. A movement device is used with which the second element for the coupling operation is moved away.
Die Bewegungseinrichtung kann insbesondere zwischen dem zweiten Stoßverzehrelement und dem ersten Stoßverzehrelement angeordnet sein, d. h. die Bewegungseinrichtung ist mit relativ zueinander beweglichen Teilen an den verschiedenen Stoßverzehrelementen angebracht. Es ist aber auch möglich, dass ein Teil der Bewegungseinrichtung an anderen Teilen des Schienenfahrzeugs angebracht ist, z. B. unmittelbar am Wagenkasten oder anderen tragenden Teilen des Fahrzeugs. Ein zweiter Teil der Bewegungseinrichtung, der relativ zu dem ersten Teil der Bewegungseinrichtung beweglich ist, ist dann an dem zweiten Stoßverzehrelement oder damit verbundenen Teilen, z. B. dem Aufprallelement befestigt.In particular, the movement device can be arranged between the second impact absorption element and the first impact absorption element, i. H. the movement device is attached to the different shock-absorbing elements with parts which are movable relative to one another. But it is also possible that a part of the movement device is attached to other parts of the rail vehicle, for. B. directly on the car body or other supporting parts of the vehicle. A second part of the moving means which is movable relative to the first part of the moving means is then attached to the second shock absorbing member or associated parts, e.g. B. attached to the impact element.
Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei der Bewegungseinrichtung um dieselbe Bewegungseinrichtung, mit der das Aufprallelement für den Kupplungsbetrieb bewegt wird. Dadurch kann auf eine zusätzliche Bewegungseinrichtung verzichtet werden. Um dieselbe Bewegungseinrichtung nutzen zu können, kann z. B. eine Kopplungskinematik eingesetzt werden, über die eine Antriebseinrichtung sowohl das Aufprallelement als auch das zweite Stoßverzehrelement bewegt.The movement device is preferably the same movement device with which the impact element is moved for the coupling operation. This makes it possible to dispense with an additional movement device. To use the same movement device, z. B. a coupling kinematics are used, via which a drive device moves both the impact element and the second shock-absorbing element.
Die Auftrennung der Verbindung zwischen dem zweiten und dem ersten Stoßverzehrelement bedeutet nicht zwangsläufig, dass beim Kupplungsvorgang Bauteile am Fahrzeug abmontiert werden müssen. Vielmehr verbleiben die Bauteile und insbesondere das zweite Stoßverzehrelement am Fahrzeug. Vorzugsweise ist das zweite Stoßverzehrelement an dem Aufprallelement angeordnet, entweder starr oder vorzugsweise beweglich. Darauf wird noch näher eingegangen.The separation of the connection between the second and the first Stoßverzehrelement does not necessarily mean that components must be removed from the vehicle during the coupling process. Rather, the components remain and in particular the second shock absorbing element on the vehicle. Preferably, the second shock absorbing element is arranged on the impact element, either rigid or preferably movable. This will be discussed in more detail.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die Anordnung eine Verschlusseinrichtung zum Lösen und Verschließen der Verbindung des ersten Stoßverzehrelements mit dem zweiten Stoßverzehrelement auf. Bei der Verschlusseinrichtung kann es sich z. B. um eine Schnellverschlusseinrichtung handeln, bei der durch Entriegeln des Verschlusses (z. B. mit einem Werkzeug oder per Hand) die Verbindung freigegeben wird. Umgekehrt kann die Schnellverschlusseinrichtung so ausgestaltet sein, dass die Verbindung zwischen dem zweiten und dem ersten Stoßverzehrelement beim Wiederherstellen des Betriebszustandes zur Aufnahme von Stoßenergie wieder einrastet, vorzugsweise ohne zusätzliches Anziehen der Verriegelung mit einem Werkzeug. Z. B. schnappt die Verriegelung lediglich dadurch ein, dass die voneinander getrennten Teile wieder in der vorgesehenen Weise zusammengebracht werden.In a preferred embodiment, the arrangement has a closure device for releasing and closing the connection of the first shock-absorbing element with the second shock-absorbing element. In the closure device, it may be z. Example, to act as a quick-release device, in which the connection is released by unlocking the closure (eg., With a tool or by hand). Conversely, the quick-release device can be designed so that the connection between the second and the first Stoßverzehrelement engages when restoring the operating state for receiving impact energy, preferably without additional tightening the lock with a tool. For example, the latch only snaps in that the separated parts are brought together again in the intended manner.
Ferner wird bevorzugt, dass die Anordnung eine Schwenkeinrichtung zum Verschwenken des zweiten Stoßverzehrelementes relativ zu dem Aufprallelement aufweist. Insbesondere wenn die Drehachse der Schwenkbewegung etwa in vertikaler Richtung verläuft, kann das zweite Stoßverzehrelement relativ zu dem Aufprallelement verschwenkt werden und auf diese Weise in dem zweiten Betriebszustand, der dem Kupplungsbetrieb entspricht, Platz in Längsrichtung des Fahrzeugs gewonnen werden.Furthermore, it is preferred that the arrangement has a pivoting device for pivoting the second shock-absorbing element relative to the impact element. In particular, when the axis of rotation of the pivoting movement is approximately in the vertical direction, the second Stoßverzehrelement can be pivoted relative to the impact element and thus obtained in the second operating state corresponding to the clutch operation, space in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.
Generell gilt vorzugsweise, dass sich das erste Stoßverzehrelement aus Sicht des Wagenkastens des Schienenfahrzeugs nach vorne in Fahrtrichtung erstreckt (beziehungsweise bei umgekehrter Fahrtrichtung nach hinten entgegen der Fahrtrichtung). In dem ersten Betriebszustand, in dem die Crashabsorberanordnung zur Aufnahme von Stoßenergie bereit ist, erstreckt sich im weiteren Verlauf ausgehend von dem ersten Stoßverzehrelement das zweite Stoßverzehrelement in Fahrtrichtung beziehungsweise entgegen der Fahrtrichtung. Dabei kann zwischen den Stoßverzehrelementen ein Zwischenelement angeordnet sein. Weiter in Längsrichtung des Schienenfahrzeuges beziehungsweise in der Fahrtrichtung (oder entgegen der Fahrtrichtung) ist im ersten Betriebszustand das Aufprallelement angeordnet.Generally, it is preferable that the first shock absorbing element extends from the perspective of the car body of the rail vehicle forward in the direction of travel (or in the opposite direction backwards against the direction of travel). In the first operating state, in which the crash absorber arrangement is ready to absorb impact energy, the second shock-absorbing element extends in the direction of travel or counter to the direction of travel in the further course, starting from the first shock-absorbing element. In this case, an intermediate element can be arranged between the shock-absorbing elements. Next in the longitudinal direction of the rail vehicle or in the direction of travel (or opposite to the direction of travel), the impact element is arranged in the first operating state.
In dem Fall, dass das Aufprallelement als Stoßbügel ausgeführt ist (siehe oben) befindet sich die erfindungsgemäße Crashabsorberanordnung vorzugsweise sowohl an der einen Seite des Stoßbügels als auch an der anderen Seite. Dies bedeutet, dass die Enden des Stoßbügels jeweils über ein erstes Stoßverzehrelement und ein zweites Stoßverzehrelement mit dem Wagenkasten verbunden sind, wenn sich die Anordnung in dem ersten Betriebszustand befindet. In dem zweiten Betriebszustand dagegen sind vorzugsweise die zweiten Stoßverzehrelemente an den entgegengesetzten Enden des Stoßbügels mit diesem zusammen an einem anderen Ort, der es der Kupplungsvorrichtung ermöglicht, über einen größeren Schwenkbereich verschwenkt zu werden.In the event that the impact element is designed as a shock bar (see above), the crash absorber arrangement according to the invention is preferably located both on one side of the shock bar and on the other side. This means that the ends of the shock bar are each connected via a first Stoßverzehrelement and a second Stoßverzehrelement with the car body when the assembly is in the first operating state. On the other hand, in the second operating state, preferably, the second shock absorbing elements at the opposite ends of the shock bar are together with the latter at a different location, which allows the coupling device to be pivoted over a larger pivoting range.
Das erste Stoßverzehrelement verbleibt beim Kupplungsvorgang insbesondere an seiner bisherigen festen Anordnung und Position an Teilen des Wagenkastens.The first Stoßverzehrelement remains in the coupling process, in particular its previous fixed arrangement and position on parts of the car body.
In einer konkreten Ausgestaltung, die zusätzlichen Platz für das Verschwenken der Kupplungsvorrichtung schafft, weist die Anordnung ein Zwischenelement auf, über das das erste Stoßverzehrelement in dem für die Aufnahme von Stoßenergie bereiten ersten Betriebszustand mit dem zweiten Stoßverzehrelement verbunden ist. Insbesondere wird das Zwischenelement gemeinsam mit dem zweiten Stoßverzehrelement von dem ersten Stoßverzehrelement getrennt und von diesem entfernt, um den Kupplungsbetrieb zu ermöglichen.In a specific embodiment, which creates additional space for the pivoting of the coupling device, the arrangement has an intermediate element, via which the first shock-absorbing element is connected to the second shock-absorbing element in the first operating state ready for the absorption of impact energy. More specifically, the intermediate member is separated from and removed from the first impact absorbing member together with the second impact absorbing member to enable the coupling operation.
Wie auch oben bereits zu dem ersten und dem zweiten Stoßverzehrelement ausgeführt, erstreckt sich das Zwischenelement vorzugsweise in Längsrichtung des Fahrzeugs beziehungsweise Fahrtrichtung, sodass die Gesamtlänge der Anordnung, die aus dem ersten Stoßverzehrelement, dem Zwischenelement und dem zweiten Stoßverzehrelement besteht, die Summe der Längen der drei Elemente ist.As already stated above for the first and the second shock-absorbing element, the intermediate element preferably extends in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle or travel direction, so that the total length of the arrangement, which consists of the first shock-absorbing element, the intermediate element and the second shock-absorbing element, the sum of the lengths of is three elements.
Bei einer Weiterbildung ist in dem ersten Betriebszustand eine Verbindung des Zwischenelements mit dem ersten Stoßverzehrelement durch einen ersten Verschluss verschlossen. Bei dem Verschluss kann es sich um einen Verschluss der oben erwähnten Verschlusseinrichtung handeln. Wiederum kann es sich um einen Schnellverschluss handeln.In a further development, in the first operating state, a connection of the intermediate element to the first shock-absorbing element is closed by a first closure. The closure may be a closure of the act as above-mentioned closure device. Again it can be a quick release.
Das Zwischenelement ist vorzugsweise mit zwei Verschlüssen in dem ersten Betriebszustand verschlossen. Über den einen Verschluss ist, wie erwähnt, das Zwischenelement hinsichtlich seiner Verbindung zu dem ersten Stoßverzehrelement verschlossen. Über den zweiten, optionalen Verschluss ist das Zwischenelement bezüglich seiner Verbindung mit dem zweiten Stoßverzehrelement verschlossen. Vorzugsweise führt das Öffnen des zweiten Verschlusses jedoch nicht dazu, dass das Zwischenelement und das zweite Stoßverzehrelement voneinander getrennt werden können. Vielmehr führt das Öffnen des zweiten Verschlusses dazu, dass eine Relativbewegung (z. B. eine Schwenkbewegung) des Zwischenelements und des zweiten Stoßverzehrelements möglich ist, sodass das Zwischenelement für den zweiten Betriebszustand in eine andere Relativposition zu dem zweiten Stoßverzehrelement gebracht werden kann. Z. B. schwenkt das Zwischenelement dabei um eine horizontal verlaufende Drehachse nach unten. Es verbleibt jedoch vorzugsweise an dem zweiten Stoßverzehrelement und damit vorzugsweise auch indirekt an dem Aufprallelement.The intermediate element is preferably closed with two closures in the first operating state. About the one closure, as mentioned, the intermediate element is closed with respect to its connection to the first Stoßverzehrelement. The intermediate element is closed with respect to its connection to the second shock-absorbing element via the second, optional closure. Preferably, however, the opening of the second closure does not cause the intermediate element and the second shock-absorbing element to be separated from one another. Rather, the opening of the second closure leads to a relative movement (eg a pivoting movement) of the intermediate element and of the second shock-absorbing element being possible, so that the intermediate element for the second operating state can be brought into a different relative position to the second shock-absorbing element. For example, the intermediate element pivots down about a horizontally extending axis of rotation. However, it preferably remains on the second shock-absorbing element and thus preferably also indirectly on the impact element.
Wenn bei einer anderen Ausführungsform kein Zwischenelement vorhanden ist, das sich in dem ersten Betriebszustand zwischen dem zweiten und dem ersten Stoßverzehrelement befindet, kann das zweite Stoßverzehrelement analog zu der oben beschriebenen Ausführungsform des Zwischenelements mit zwei Verschlüssen kombiniert sein. Der eine Verschluss verschließt die Verbindung zu dem ersten Stoßverzehrelement in dem ersten Betriebszustand. Der andere Verschluss verschließt eine Bewegungsmöglichkeit relativ zu dem Aufprallelement. Allerdings wird es bevorzugt, dass diese Bewegungsmöglichkeit eine Drehbewegung um eine in vertikaler Richtung verlaufende Drehachse ist. Es ist aber auch eine Drehbewegung um eine in horizontaler Richtung verlaufende Drehachse möglich.In another embodiment, if there is no intermediate element that is in the first operating state between the second and the first shock-absorbing element, the second shock-absorbing element may be combined with two closures analogously to the above-described embodiment of the intermediate element. The one closure closes the connection to the first shock-absorbing element in the first operating state. The other closure closes a possibility of movement relative to the impact element. However, it is preferred that this movement possibility is a rotational movement about a rotational axis extending in the vertical direction. But it is also possible to rotate about a horizontal axis of rotation.
Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens wird beim Kuppeln eines Schienenfahrzeuges mit einem zweiten Schienenfahrzeug die Verbindung zwischen ersten und zweiten Stoßverzehrelement insbesondere durch manuelles Betätigen der Verschlusseinrichtung gelöst. Durch nachfolgendes insbesondere manuelles Betätigen der Schwenkeinrichtung kann der Stoßbügel, mit dem das zweite Stoßverzehrelement verbunden ist, verschwenkt werden.According to one embodiment of the method, when a rail vehicle is coupled to a second rail vehicle, the connection between the first and second shock absorption element is achieved in particular by manual actuation of the closure device. By following in particular manual Actuating the pivoting device, the bumper, with which the second Stoßverzehrelement is connected to be pivoted.
Um weiteren Platz zu sparen, sieht die erfindungsgemäße Crashabsorberanordnung in einer Weiterbildung vor, dass das zweite Stoßverzehrelement an dem Aufprallelement einklappbar oder an diesem verdrehbar angeordnet ist. Das zweite Stoßverzehrelement kann in verschwenkter Endposition des Stoßbügels vorzugsweise über ein am Stoßbügel befindliches Drehgelenk mit vertikaler Drehachse (bei Betrachtung des Fahrzeugs von außen) hinter den Stoßbügel gedreht werden. Vorgesehen ist in einer weiteren Variante auch, dass das zweite Stoßverzehrelement hinter den Stoßbügel eingeklappt bzw. gedreht und in dieser Stellung zusätzlich am Stoßbügel fixiert werden.In order to save further space, the crash absorber arrangement according to the invention provides in a development that the second shock-absorbing element can be folded onto the impact element or arranged rotatable thereon. The second Stoßverzehrelement can be rotated in the pivoted end position of the shock bar preferably via a located on the bumper swivel with a vertical axis of rotation (when viewing the vehicle from the outside) behind the bumper. Provided in a further variant also that the second Stoßverzehrelement be folded behind the bumper or rotated and fixed in this position in addition to the bumper.
Schließlich ist in einer nächsten bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ein Schienenfahrzeug mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Crashabsorberanordnung vorgesehen.Finally, in a next preferred embodiment, a rail vehicle with a crash absorber arrangement according to the invention is provided.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert und Ausführungsbeispiele beschrieben.In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings and exemplary embodiments described.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische und vereinfachte Draufsicht auf den Frontbereich eines Schienenfahrzeuges und mit einer tragenden Konstruktion, an der eine Kupplungsvorrichtung und die Stoßverzehrelemente in dem ersten Betriebszustand bei eingeklappter Kupplungsstange und heruntergeklapptem Stoßbügel erkennbar sind,
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische und vereinfachte Draufsicht auf den Frontbereich des Schienenfahrzeuges nach
Fig. 1 mit ausgeklappter Kupplungsstange und hochgeschwenktem Stoßbügel, d. h. in dem zweiten Betriebszustand, - Fig. 3
- eine weitere schematische Draufsicht auf den Frontbereich des Schienenfahrzeuges bei heruntergeklapptem Stoßbügel,
- Fig. 4
- eine schematische Draufsicht auf den Frontbereich des Schienenfahrzeuges nach
Fig. 3 bei hochgeschwenktem Stoßbügel, - Fig. 5
- eine schematische und vereinfachte Seitenansicht einer Ausführung der Anordnung der Stoßverzehrelemente und des Stoßbügels,
- Fig. 6
- eine schematische und vereinfachte Seitenansicht der Ausführung gemäß
Fig. 5 in dem zweiten Betriebszustand, - Fig. 7
- eine weitere schematische und vereinfachte Darstellung einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Anordnung der Stoßverzehrelemente und des Stoßbügels,
- Fig. 8
- eine schematische und vereinfachte Darstellung einer am Schienenfahrzeug angeordneten Kupplungsvorrichtung mit verschwenkter Kupplungsstange,
- Fig. 9
- eine Seitenansicht auf eine weitere Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Crashabsorberanordnung bei geschlossener Verschlusseinrichtung und heruntergeklapptem Stoßbügel,
- Fig. 10
- eine schematische und vereinfachte Darstellung der Seitenansicht nach
Fig. 9 bei geöffneter Verschlusseinrichtung und mittels Schwenkeinrichtung verschwenktem Stoßbügel.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic and simplified plan view of the front portion of a rail vehicle and with a supporting structure, in which a coupling device and the Stoßverzehrelemente are recognizable in the first operating state with folded coupling rod and fold-down bumper,
- Fig. 2
- a schematic and simplified plan view of the front of the rail vehicle after
Fig. 1 with folded-out coupling rod and swung-up shock bar, ie in the second operating state, - Fig. 3
- a further schematic plan view of the front region of the rail vehicle with the impact bar folded down,
- Fig. 4
- a schematic plan view of the front of the rail vehicle after
Fig. 3 with swung hanger, - Fig. 5
- a schematic and simplified side view of an embodiment of the arrangement of the Stoßverzehrelemente and the shock bar,
- Fig. 6
- a schematic and simplified side view of the embodiment according to
Fig. 5 in the second operating state, - Fig. 7
- a further schematic and simplified illustration of a further embodiment of the arrangement of the shock-absorbing elements and the shock bar,
- Fig. 8
- a schematic and simplified representation of an arranged on the rail vehicle coupling device with pivoted coupling rod,
- Fig. 9
- a side view of a further embodiment of a crash absorber arrangement according to the invention with closed closure device and folded down bumper,
- Fig. 10
- a schematic and simplified representation of the side view
Fig. 9 with open closure device and by means of pivoting device swung hanger.
Gezeigt wird die tragende Konstruktion mit einer Kupplungsvorrichtung, wobei die Kupplungsstange eingeklappt dargestellt ist. Im unteren Teil der Zeichnung ist ein Aufprallelement in Form eines Stoßbügels 51, der sich über einen wesentlichen Teil der Breite des Schienenfahrzeuges konvex gekrümmt erstreckt, dargestellt. Der Stoßbügel 51 ist an seinen entgegengesetzten Enden jeweils an einem reversiblen Stoßverzehrelement 52 befestigt, das wiederum über ein irreversibles Stoßverzehrelement 50 mit dem Wagenkasten 10,11,12 verbunden ist. Die Stoßverzehrelemente 52, 50 sind paarweise in Längsrichtung zum Fahrzeug angeordnet.
Zu sehen ist eine Kupplungsstange 31 in eingeklappter Stellung. Die Kupplungsstange ist aus- und zusammenklappbar, indem sie um eine in vertikaler Richtung verlaufende Schwenkachse eines Gelenkes 32 und um eine Schwenkachse 33 im Befestigungsbereich an der tragenden Konstruktion verschwenkt wird.You can see a
An tragenden Teilen 10, z. B. des Wagenkastens des Schienenfahrzeugs, ist ein irreversibles Stoßverzehrelement 50 angeordnet, das sich mit seinem in
In einem mittleren Bereich des Kinematikarms 58 ist drehbeweglich ein erster Dreharm 59 angelenkt, dessen entgegengesetztes Ende drehbeweglich an einem zweiten Befestigungselement 53a der Schwenkeinrichtung 21' angelenkt ist. Dieses zweite Befestigungselement 53a ist fest mit dem reversiblen Stoßverzehrelement 52 verbunden.In a central region of the
Außerdem ist in der Nähe des freien Endes des Kinematikarms 58 ein zweiter Dreharm 54 drehbeweglich angelenkt, dessen entgegengesetztes Ende drehbeweglich ebenfalls an dem zweiten Befestigungselement 53b angelenkt ist. Der erste Dreharm 59 und der zweite Dreharm 54 verlaufen sowohl in dem ersten Betriebszustand (
Um in dem ersten Betriebszustand eine stabile Verbindung zwischen dem irreversiblen Stoßverzehrelement 50 und dem reversiblen Stoßverzehrelement 52 herzustellen, ist außerdem ein Zwischenelement 53 vorgesehen, welches in dem ersten Betriebszustand (
Das Zwischenelement 53 ist bezüglich seiner lösbaren Verbindung zu dem ersten Befestigungselement 55b verschließbar (d. h., die Verbindung ist gegen ein unbeabsichtigtes Lösen gesichert). Hierzu ist eine erste Verschlusseinrichtung 57 vorgesehen, beispielsweise eine Schnelleverschlusseinrichtung. Die Verbindung zwischen dem Verbindungselement 53 und dem zweiten Befestigungselement 53b ist über eine zweite Verschlusseinrichtung 56 verschließbar. Jeweils durch Betätigen der Verschlusseinrichtungen 56, 57 können die Verbindungen des Verbindungselements 53 gelöst werden, sodass die Anordnung aus dem ersten in den zweiten Betriebszustand gelangen kann. Umgekehrt kann beim erneuten Erreichen des ersten Betriebszustandes z. B. durch Einrasten der Verschlusseinrichtungen 56, 57 wieder eine gesicherte Verbindung erzielt werden.The
In dem konkret dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel weist das Verschlusselement 53 an seiner im ersten Betriebszustand zu dem zweiten Befestigungselement 53b weisenden Anlagefläche einen schräg von oben nach unten verlaufenden Verlauf auf, sodass die ebenfalls schräg von oben nach unten verlaufende Anlagefläche des zweiten Befestigungselements 53b beim Übertragen von Stoßkräften eine vertikale Kraftkomponente aufweist. Die Anlagefläche des zweiten Befestigungselements 53b dient dabei auch als Anschlag für die Drehbewegung des Verbindungselements 53, wenn dieses wieder in die Position verschwenkt wird, die es in dem ersten Betriebszustand einnimmt.In the embodiment shown concretely, the
Die in
Anders als in
Claims (10)
- A crash absorber arrangement for rail vehicles, in particular street cars, comprising:- a first impact absorber element (50),- a second impact absorber element (52), which in a first operating state in which it is ready to absorb impact energy is connected to the first impact absorber element (50),- and a crash element (51), which is connected to the second impact absorber element (52),characterized in that
the arrangement comprises a movement unit (21, 21') by way of which the second impact absorber element (52) can be moved, and that the movement unit is designed to disconnect the second impact absorber element (52) from the first impact absorber element and to bring the arrangement into a second operating state that is suitable for a coupling operation of the rail vehicle. - The crash absorber arrangement (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the arrangement comprises a locking unit (20) for releasing and locking the connection of the first impact absorber element (50) to the second impact absorber element (52).
- The crash absorber arrangement (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the arrangement comprises a pivot unit for pivoting the second impact absorber element (52) relative to the crash element (51).
- The crash absorber arrangement (1) according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the arrangement comprises an intermediate element (53) by way of which the first impact absorber element (50) in the operating state in which it is ready to absorb impact energy is connected to the second impact absorber element (52).
- The crash absorber arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that in the first operating state, a connection of the intermediate element (53) to the first impact absorber element (50) is locked by a first lock.
- The crash absorber arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second impact absorber element (52) is arranged in a retractable manner on the crash element (51) or rotatable thereon.
- The arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crash absorber arrangement is combined with a coupling device for coupling the rail vehicle to a second rail vehicle, the coupling device being arranged pivotably at the level of the first impact absorber element (50) so as to enable pivoting of the mutually coupled rail vehicles.
- The arrangement according to claim 7, wherein the coupling device, in the first operating state, is in a retracted position not ready for coupling.
- A rail vehicle comprising an arrangement (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.
- A method for coupling a first rail vehicle to a second rail vehicle using an arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims, the method comprising the following steps:- disconnecting a connection between a first impact absorber element (50) and a second impact absorber element (52),- moving the second impact absorber element (52) into a position of a second operating state by way of the movement unit,- coupling the rail vehicles via a coupling device of the rail vehicle.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL12727842T PL2720924T3 (en) | 2011-06-17 | 2012-06-11 | Crash absorber arrangement for a rail vehicle, particularly a streetcar |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011077780A DE102011077780A1 (en) | 2011-06-17 | 2011-06-17 | Crash absorber arrangement for a rail vehicle, in particular for a tram |
PCT/EP2012/061030 WO2012171880A1 (en) | 2011-06-17 | 2012-06-11 | Crash absorber arrangement for a rail vehicle, particularly a streetcar |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2720924A1 EP2720924A1 (en) | 2014-04-23 |
EP2720924B1 true EP2720924B1 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12727842.2A Active EP2720924B1 (en) | 2011-06-17 | 2012-06-11 | Crash absorber arrangement for a rail vehicle, particularly a streetcar |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2720924B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103608233B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2012269183B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2838635A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102011077780A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2710903T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2720924T3 (en) |
RU (1) | RU136405U1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012171880A1 (en) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102013204555A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-10-02 | Bombardier Transportation Gmbh | Safety device for rail vehicles |
CN207875666U (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-09-18 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | A kind of ink absorption speed and the rail vehicle with the car body |
GB2588401B (en) | 2019-10-22 | 2023-04-19 | Bombardier Transp Gmbh | Front end for a rail vehicle |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT8721252A0 (en) * | 1987-07-10 | 1987-07-10 | Costamasnaga Spa | RAILWAY WAGON WITH VERTICAL MOVING HEAD. |
FR2818224B1 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2003-01-24 | Alstom | RAIL VEHICLE WITH DRIVING CABIN COMPRISING AN ENERGY ABSORBING STRUCTURE SUITABLE FOR COLLISION ABOVE THE VEHICLE CHASSIS |
DE10126483A1 (en) * | 2001-05-31 | 2002-12-05 | Scharfenbergkupplung Gmbh & Co | Energy consumption device for the front of rail vehicles |
FR2850930B1 (en) * | 2003-02-12 | 2014-03-07 | Alstom | VEHICLE, IN PARTICULAR RAIL VEHICLE, COMPRISING AN EXTREMITE EQUIPPED WITH A COUPLING DEVICE |
DE202005004502U1 (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2005-05-19 | Faiveley Transport Remscheid Gmbh | Traction/pushing device for central buffer couplings of rail vehicles has two energy absorption systems switched in series and located in coupling housing |
DE202006014402U1 (en) * | 2006-09-15 | 2006-11-30 | Fahrzeugtechnik Dessau Ag Railroad Technologies | Rail vehicle with crash protection for rail travel has detachable energy-absorbing crash box at side alongside vehicle coupling on undeformable cross-bearer |
CN101795924B (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2012-12-12 | 沃依特专利有限责任公司 | Shock-proof device for the front or rear region of a track-guided vehicle having at least one energy consumption device |
DE102009034682A1 (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2011-02-10 | Bombardier Transportation Gmbh | Rail vehicle with crash absorber arrangement, in particular tram |
-
2011
- 2011-06-17 DE DE102011077780A patent/DE102011077780A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2012
- 2012-06-11 ES ES12727842T patent/ES2710903T3/en active Active
- 2012-06-11 WO PCT/EP2012/061030 patent/WO2012171880A1/en unknown
- 2012-06-11 CA CA2838635A patent/CA2838635A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-06-11 CN CN201280029803.9A patent/CN103608233B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-06-11 AU AU2012269183A patent/AU2012269183B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2012-06-11 RU RU2012140693/11U patent/RU136405U1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-06-11 PL PL12727842T patent/PL2720924T3/en unknown
- 2012-06-11 EP EP12727842.2A patent/EP2720924B1/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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DE102011077780A1 (en) | 2012-12-20 |
PL2720924T3 (en) | 2019-05-31 |
CA2838635A1 (en) | 2012-12-20 |
AU2012269183B2 (en) | 2016-09-15 |
WO2012171880A1 (en) | 2012-12-20 |
ES2710903T3 (en) | 2019-04-29 |
CN103608233A (en) | 2014-02-26 |
AU2012269183A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
RU136405U1 (en) | 2014-01-10 |
EP2720924A1 (en) | 2014-04-23 |
CN103608233B (en) | 2016-08-24 |
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