EP2719504B1 - Tension device for straining a threaded bolt - Google Patents

Tension device for straining a threaded bolt Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2719504B1
EP2719504B1 EP13187835.7A EP13187835A EP2719504B1 EP 2719504 B1 EP2719504 B1 EP 2719504B1 EP 13187835 A EP13187835 A EP 13187835A EP 2719504 B1 EP2719504 B1 EP 2719504B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
piston
housing
tensioning apparatus
spar
support tube
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EP13187835.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2719504A1 (en
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Jörg Hohmann
Frank Hohmann
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B29/00—Accessories
    • B25B29/02—Bolt tensioners

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tensioning device for stretching a threaded bolt by pulling on the threaded end, with a one- or multi-part housing with at least one longitudinally movable, connectable to a hydraulic supply piston, arranged in extension to the housing, acting on the housing clamping forces a support tube surrounding the threaded bolt, a tension nut attachable by threaded engagement to a threaded end portion of the threaded bolt, longitudinally supported by a pressure surface against a pressure transmitting surface formed on the piston, and at least one return spring urging the piston toward the support tube Appendix on the one hand against a housing-side spring support and on the other hand against a piston-side spring support.
  • a generic bolt tensioning device in which the hydraulic piston is pushed back by spring elements in its lower starting position, is from the DE 10 2007 015 975 A1 known. Since the piston, the tension nut and the spring elements are arranged almost at the same height, although a small overall length is achieved, but at the expense of a relatively large diameter of the clamping device. In addition, can be replaced by this construction, the tension nut only if at the same time the sealed piston is removed from the housing, the expansion of the piston in turn initially requires the expansion of the spring elements. Correspondingly large is the installation effort in this fixture.
  • a significantly slimmer clamping device which is also also provided with a return spring, is from the DE 30 47 674 A1 known.
  • a relatively large Installation effort to be operated to get to the Switzerlandmutter Among other things, parts of the housing of the clamping device must be removed.
  • the object of the invention is therefore, through space-saving, a compact design of the device enabling measures that can be realized with little installation effort on the jig to get to an automatic piston return.
  • the return spring is disposed, with respect to the pad, at a level below the thread engagement between the tension nut and the threaded end portion. This allows a compact design of the device, especially a short overall length.
  • the number of return springs is four, wherein the springs should be arranged distributed over the circumference of the clamping device.
  • the number of springs may also be lower, z. B. a total of two parallel return springs with respect to the center axis of the tensioning device can be present opposite each other be.
  • the advantage of using a total of four springs connected in parallel and positioned around the central axis of the tensioning device is the so obtained, particularly tilt-free piston return.
  • the two spring supports are aligned so that the housing-side spring support facing the support tube, and the piston-side spring support is remote from the support tube.
  • the z encloses. B. from layered disc springs or coil consisting of a return spring a spar whose upper, the support tube facing away from the spar end is supported relative to the piston, whereas the spar at its lower, the support tube facing the end has an extension against which the return spring is supported.
  • both the flange-like extension of the piston, as well as the housing at the level of the opening have rectangular cross sections, and that in the region of each of the four corners of the rectangular cross section in each case one of the four Return springs is arranged.
  • the hydraulically driven tensioning device is used for tightening and possibly also for loosening highly stressed screw connections.
  • the clamping device has the task of applying in the bolt longitudinal direction for a certain time a predetermined biasing force on the threaded bolt 3 of a screw to create the possibility to tighten the tightened on the threaded bolt 3 and this securing nut 4 torque-free or retighten, or even to solve ,
  • the clamping device described here is designed specifically for the clamping or stretching of such bolt connections, in which the projecting beyond the nut 4 beyond thread of the bolt 3 has a considerable length, and in which this threaded portion in particular has a length which is four to eight times the thread diameter D is.
  • a pull nut 10 of the bolt tensioning device is screwed onto the end section A of the nut 4 protruding beyond the threaded portion.
  • the tension nut 10 is then put under tension using hydraulic, whereby the threaded bolt 3 is stretched in the longitudinal direction.
  • the bolt tensioning device has a rigid housing 1. This consists in the embodiment of two housing parts 1a, 1b. In the longitudinal direction, the housing 1 is its rigid continuation down in a support tube 2, which is open at its bottom and is supported on that base B, usually a machine part, on which the nut 4 is supported.
  • the support tube 2 of the tensioning device therefore derives the tension reaction forces acting in the housing 1 on the solid support B from.
  • the support tube 2 encloses and leaves room for the nut 4, without hindering a rotation of the arranged inside the support tube 2 nut 4.
  • a hydraulic connection 7 via which piston chambers arranged in the clamping device can be connected to a switchable high-pressure hydraulic supply.
  • the housing 1 comprises at least one hydraulic cylinder, which are connected via the hydraulic port 7 and a flexible, pressure-resistant hydraulic line to the external hydraulic supply.
  • two hydraulic cylinders are connected in series one behind the other.
  • the housing 1 of two pressure-resistant housing parts 1a, 1b together, each enclosing a piston chamber and thus a hydraulic working space.
  • a piston 5a, 5b arranged to be movable in the longitudinal direction.
  • the pistons 5a, 5b are in the longitudinal direction against each other, and are arranged in this manner in series.
  • the piston 5 or, in the case of a multi-part piston, the uppermost piston 5a is located with a pressure transfer surface 6 against serving as a pressure surface 9 underside of the tension nut 10 in the longitudinal direction.
  • a pressure transfer surface 6 against serving as a pressure surface 9 underside of the tension nut 10 in the longitudinal direction When lifting the piston 5, therefore, there is an identical movement and entrainment of the tension nut 10, and thus to a torsion-free stretching of the threaded bolt.
  • tension nut 10 is designed interchangeable, so it can be replaced if necessary against a tension nut 10 different size or geometry, whereas the one or more parts piston 5 does not have to be replaced by another piston ,
  • the tension nut 10 is first screwed with its internal thread 11 on the threaded end portion A of the threaded bolt.
  • the internal thread 11 preferably does not extend over the entire length of the tension nut 10. Rather, the tension nut 10 has a longitudinal stop 12 adjacent to the internal thread 11, which bears axially against the end face 3A of the threaded bolt only when the tension nut 10 is completely and correctly screwed on.
  • the longitudinal stop 12 is located on a threadless, opposite the thread 11 radially inwardly projecting longitudinal portion of the pull nut 10th
  • the piston 5 are provided in the direction of the support tube 2 back restoring springs 20 acting.
  • a total of four such springs 20 are provided in parallel, but also a smaller or larger number of springs 20 may be suitable.
  • Fig. 4 is the single return spring 20 on the one hand against a housing-side spring support 21, so with respect to the housing 1 and 1a rigidly formed contact surface, and on the other hand against a piston-side spring support 22, so a relative to the piston 5 rigidly formed contact surface, supported.
  • the Fig. 4 lets in connection with Fig. 3 Recognize the design of both the housing 1 and the longitudinally guided, two-piece piston 5 and the particularly easy to install accommodation of the return springs 20, the return springs 20 are arranged to save space below the threaded engagement between the tension nut 10 and the threaded end portion A.
  • the piston 5 is where it is guided sealed in the housing 1 and thus limits the working space of the hydraulic cylinder, cylindrical or circular in cross-section.
  • the piston 5 has a longitudinal portion on which, viewed in the longitudinal direction, it is provided with radial extensions 31 in the manner of flanges. The extensions 31 provide space for accommodating the return springs 20.
  • this longitudinal portion of the piston is provided with a total of four opposite the other, cylindrical piston shape radially enlarged extensions 31, whereby the longitudinal portion of a in Fig. 3 well recognizable, rectangular cross section.
  • Each of the flange extensions 31 of the piston 5 is provided with an opening 32 which extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the piston.
  • the housing 1 is over a part of its length of rectangular cross-section. This rectangular cross-section, the housing 1 substantially on that housing longitudinal section L1, on which the one or two-piece piston 5 is located inside the housing.
  • the housing 1 In alignment with the openings 32 in the flange-like extensions 31 of the piston 5, the housing 1 is also provided with an opening 42. At the opening 42 closes down, ie to the support tube 2 out, a preferably cylindrical spring chamber, which provides enough space for receiving the respective return spring 20.
  • a rigid spar 25 extends longitudinally through the spring chamber. He is with his upper bar end 26 fixed to the piston 5 and the upper piston 5a, whereas the lower end of the bar is designed as an extension 27, comparable to the shape of a screw head.
  • the top of the extension 27 is the piston-side spring support 22.
  • a nut 28 is screwed onto a thread at the upper end of the bar 26, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the opening 32 arranged thereunder. By means of the nut 28 is therefore able to support the spar 25 from above on the flange-like extension 31 of the piston 5.
  • the spring chamber is open.
  • the return spring 20 can take out together with the spar 25 down from the housing 1. The assembly takes place in reverse order.
  • Each return spring 20 consists in the embodiment shown here of several stacked disc springs 20A. Instead of the disc springs 20A, a coil spring designed for a corresponding pressure can also be used.
  • the piston 5 is provided with a marking 50 to identify its maximum allowable piston stroke.
  • the piston 5 or here the upper piston 5a is designed in two parts. It is composed of a base body 55, which is the support tube 2 facing away from designed as a trough or spherical dome, and a correspondingly shaped, on its underside spherically shaped ring 56 together, which is in this way between the piston 5 and the tension nut 10.
  • a ball socket forming Kalottenline 57, the ring 56 occupy a certain angular position to the main body 55 of the piston, so as to compensate for inaccuracies of the thread on the threaded bolt 3.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Spannvorrichtung zum Dehnen eines Gewindebolzens durch Zug an dessen Gewindeendabschnitt, mit einem ein- oder mehrteiligen Gehäuse mit mindestens einem darin in Längsrichtung bewegbaren, an eine Hydraulikversorgung anschließbaren Kolben, einem in Verlängerung zu dem Gehäuse angeordneten, die im Gehäuse wirkenden Spannkräfte auf eine den Gewindebolzen umgebende Unterlage abführenden Stützrohr, einer mittels Gewindeeingriff auf einem Gewindeendabschnitt des Gewindebolzens befestigbaren Zugmutter, die in Längsrichtung mit einer Druckfläche gegen eine an dem Kolben ausgebildete Druckübertragungsfläche abgestützt ist, und mit mindestens einer den Kolben in Richtung zu dem Stützrohr hin beaufschlagenden Rückstellfeder mit Anlage einerseits gegen eine gehäuseseitige Federabstützung und andererseits gegen eine kolbenseitige Federabstützung.The invention relates to a tensioning device for stretching a threaded bolt by pulling on the threaded end, with a one- or multi-part housing with at least one longitudinally movable, connectable to a hydraulic supply piston, arranged in extension to the housing, acting on the housing clamping forces a support tube surrounding the threaded bolt, a tension nut attachable by threaded engagement to a threaded end portion of the threaded bolt, longitudinally supported by a pressure surface against a pressure transmitting surface formed on the piston, and at least one return spring urging the piston toward the support tube Appendix on the one hand against a housing-side spring support and on the other hand against a piston-side spring support.

Bei einer Bolzenspannvorrichtung wie sie z. B. aus der DE 43 41 707 A1 bekannt ist, muss nach Abschluss des Spannprozesses und damit nach Eintreten der Druckentlastung der hydraulische Kolben des Spannzylinders wieder in seine untere Ausgangslage zurückgedrückt werden. Dies ist, vor allem bei häufigen oder sich wiederholenden Spannprozessen, mühsam und führt zu einem Zeitverlust, bis die Spannvorrichtung für den nächsten Spannprozess vorbereitet ist.In a bolt tensioning device as z. B. from the DE 43 41 707 A1 is known, after completion of the clamping process and thus after the occurrence of pressure relief of the hydraulic piston of the clamping cylinder must be pushed back to its lower starting position. This is troublesome, especially with frequent or repetitive tensioning processes, and leads to a loss of time until the tensioning device is prepared for the next tensioning process.

Eine gattungsgemäße Bolzenspannvorrichtung, bei der der hydraulische Kolben durch Federelemente wieder in seine untere Ausgangslage zurückgedrückt wird, ist aus der DE 10 2007 015 975 A1 bekannt. Da der Kolben, die Zugmutter und die Federelemente nahezu auf derselben Höhe angeordnet sind, wird zwar eine geringe Baulänge erzielt, jedoch zu Lasten eines relativ großen Durchmessers der Spannvorrichtung. Zudem lässt sich durch diese Bauweise die Zugmutter nur austauschen, wenn zugleich der abgedichtete Kolben aus dem Gehäuse ausgebaut wird, wobei der Ausbau des Kolbens wiederum zunächst den Ausbau der Federelemente bedingt. Entsprechend groß ist der Montageaufwand bei dieser Spannvorrichtung.A generic bolt tensioning device, in which the hydraulic piston is pushed back by spring elements in its lower starting position, is from the DE 10 2007 015 975 A1 known. Since the piston, the tension nut and the spring elements are arranged almost at the same height, although a small overall length is achieved, but at the expense of a relatively large diameter of the clamping device. In addition, can be replaced by this construction, the tension nut only if at the same time the sealed piston is removed from the housing, the expansion of the piston in turn initially requires the expansion of the spring elements. Correspondingly large is the installation effort in this fixture.

Eine deutlich schlankere Spannvorrichtung, die zudem ebenfalls mit einer Rückstellfeder versehen ist, ist aus der DE 30 47 674 A1 bekannt. Jedoch muss auch hier ein relativ großer Montageaufwand betrieben werden, um an die Zugmutter zu gelangen. Unter anderem müssen Teile des Gehäuses der Spannvorrichtung entfernt werden.A significantly slimmer clamping device, which is also also provided with a return spring, is from the DE 30 47 674 A1 known. However, here too, a relatively large Installation effort to be operated to get to the Zugmutter. Among other things, parts of the housing of the clamping device must be removed.

Aus der US 3,230,799 ist eine Spannvorrichtung in einer insoweit inversen Bauart bekannt, als hier durch den hydraulischen Druck nicht der Kolben in Bewegung gesetzt wird, sondern ein den Kolben umgebender Teil des Zylindergehäuses, welches seinerseits die Zugmutter mitnimmt. Erreicht wird zwar eine relativ kompakte Bauweise, die jedoch zulasten der Gerätesicherheit geht, da die beim hydraulischen Spannprozess sich bewegenden Teile teilweise außen liegen. Für den praktischen Einsatz muss diese Spannvorrichtung daher in einem umgebenden Schutzgehäuse oder Schutzkäfig betrieben werden, was den Vorteil der Kompaktheit wieder relativiert.From the US 3,230,799 is a tensioning device in a known inverse design, as here by the hydraulic pressure not the piston is set in motion, but a piston surrounding part of the cylinder housing, which in turn entrains the pull nut. Although achieved a relatively compact design, but at the expense of the safety of the device, since the hydraulic clamping process moving parts are partially outside. For practical use, this clamping device must therefore be operated in a surrounding protective housing or protective cage, which relativises the advantage of compactness again.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, durch platzsparende, eine kompakte Bauweise der Vorrichtung ermöglichende Maßnahmen, welche mit geringem Montageaufwand an der Spannvorrichtung realisierbar sind, zu einer selbsttätigen Kolbenrückstellung zu gelangen.The object of the invention is therefore, through space-saving, a compact design of the device enabling measures that can be realized with little installation effort on the jig to get to an automatic piston return.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird eine Spannvorrichtung zum Dehnen eines Gewindebolzens mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 vorgeschlagen.To solve this problem, a clamping device for stretching a threaded bolt with the features of claim 1 is proposed.

Durch die Rückstellfeder und ihre Anlage einerseits an einer gehäuseseitigen und andererseits an einer kolbenseitigen Federabstützung kommt es zu einer selbsttätigen Kolbenrückstellung, so dass der Kolben des Spannzylinders nicht unter Kraftaufwendung stets wieder zurückgedrückt werden muss. Diese Art der Kolbenrückstellung ist mit geringem Montageaufwand in bzw. an der Spannvorrichtung realisierbar. Ebenfalls mit geringem Montageaufwand lässt sich die Rückstellfeder gegen eine andere, z. B. stärkere oder weniger starke Rückstellfeder austauschen.By the return spring and their investment on the one hand on a housing side and on the other hand on a piston-side spring support, there is an automatic piston return, so that the piston of the clamping cylinder does not always have to be pushed back under force. This type of piston return can be realized with little installation effort in or on the jig. Likewise, with little installation effort, the return spring against another, z. B. replace stronger or less strong return spring.

Die Rückstellfeder ist, bezogen auf die Unterlage, in einer Höhe unterhalb des Gewindeeingriffs zwischen der Zugmutter und dem Gewindeendabschnitt angeordnet. Dies ermöglicht eine kompakte Bauweise der Vorrichtung, vor allem eine kurze Baulänge.The return spring is disposed, with respect to the pad, at a level below the thread engagement between the tension nut and the threaded end portion. This allows a compact design of the device, especially a short overall length.

Vorzugsweise beträgt die Anzahl der Rückstellfedern vier, wobei die Federn über den Umfang der Spannvorrichtung verteilt angeordnet sein sollten. Jedoch kann die Anzahl der Federn auch geringer sein, z. B. können insgesamt zwei parallel geschaltete Rückstellfedern in Bezug auf die Mittelachse der Spannvorrichtung einander gegenüberliegend vorhanden sein. Der Vorteil der Verwendung von insgesamt vier parallel geschalteten und um die Mittelachse der Spannvorrichtung herum positionierten Federn besteht in der so erzielten, besonders verkantungsfreien Kolbenrückstellung.Preferably, the number of return springs is four, wherein the springs should be arranged distributed over the circumference of the clamping device. However, the number of springs may also be lower, z. B. a total of two parallel return springs with respect to the center axis of the tensioning device can be present opposite each other be. The advantage of using a total of four springs connected in parallel and positioned around the central axis of the tensioning device is the so obtained, particularly tilt-free piston return.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung sind die beiden Federabstützungen so ausgerichtet, dass die gehäuseseitige Federabstützung dem Stützrohr zugewandt, und die kolbenseitige Federabstützung dem Stützrohr abgewandt ist.According to a further embodiment, the two spring supports are aligned so that the housing-side spring support facing the support tube, and the piston-side spring support is remote from the support tube.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung umschließt die z. B. aus geschichteten Tellerfedern oder aus einer Wendel bestehende Rückstellfeder einen Holm, dessen oberes, dem Stützrohr abgewandtes Holmende gegenüber dem Kolben abgestützt ist, wohingegen der Holm an seinem unteren, dem Stützrohr zugewandten Ende eine Erweiterung aufweist, gegen die sich die Rückstellfeder abstützt.According to another embodiment, the z encloses. B. from layered disc springs or coil consisting of a return spring a spar whose upper, the support tube facing away from the spar end is supported relative to the piston, whereas the spar at its lower, the support tube facing the end has an extension against which the return spring is supported.

Ferner wird vorgeschlagen, dass zur Festlegung des oberen Holmendes dieses in eine Öffnung in einer flanschartigen Erweiterung des Kolbens eingehängt ist, wobei sich das obere Holmende vorzugsweise von oben her auf der flanschartigen Erweiterung abstützt.It is also proposed that for determining the upper end of the bar this is suspended in an opening in a flange-like extension of the piston, wherein the upper bar end is preferably supported from above on the flange-like extension.

Ferner wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Holm längsbeweglich durch eine parallel zu dem Kolben ausgerichtete Öffnung in dem Gehäuse hindurchführt, wobei der die Öffnung umgebende Bereich des Gehäuses die gehäuseseitige Federabstützung bildet.It is also proposed that the spar longitudinally pass through an aligned parallel to the piston opening in the housing, wherein the opening surrounding region of the housing forms the housing-side spring support.

Ferner wird mit dem Ziel einer kompakten Bauweise der Vorrichtung vorgeschlagen, dass, in Längsrichtung betrachtet, sowohl die flanschartige Erweiterung des Kolbens, als auch das Gehäuse in Höhe der Öffnung Rechteckquerschnitte aufweisen, und dass im Bereich jeder der vier Ecken des Rechteckquerschnitts jeweils eine der vier Rückstellfedern angeordnet ist.Furthermore, with the aim of a compact design of the device is proposed that, viewed in the longitudinal direction, both the flange-like extension of the piston, as well as the housing at the level of the opening have rectangular cross sections, and that in the region of each of the four corners of the rectangular cross section in each case one of the four Return springs is arranged.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines auf der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
in perspektivischer Darstellung eine hydraulisch arbeitende Gewindebolzen-Spannvorrichtung, aufgesetzt auf einen durch eine Mutter gesicherten Gewindebolzen und abgestützt auf einer Unterlage;
Fig. 2
eine Seitenansicht der Gewindebolzen-Spannvorrichtung, wobei größere Bereiche längs der Mittelachse geschnitten wiedergegeben sind;
Fig. 3
eine Draufsicht auf die Gewindebolzen-Spannvorrichtung, und
Fig. 4
einen Schnitt durch die Gewindebolzen-Spannvorrichtung entsprechend der in Fig. 3 eingetragenen, zu der Mittelachse versetzt angeordneten Schnittebene IV - IV.
Further details and advantages will become apparent from the following description of an embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
in perspective view of a hydraulically operated threaded bolt clamping device, mounted on a secured by a nut threaded bolt and supported on a base;
Fig. 2
a side view of the threaded bolt clamping device, wherein larger areas are shown cut along the central axis;
Fig. 3
a plan view of the threaded bolt tensioning device, and
Fig. 4
a section through the threaded bolt clamping device according to the in Fig. 3 registered, offset to the central axis arranged cutting plane IV - IV.

Die hydraulisch angetriebene Spannvorrichtung dient dem Anziehen und gegebenenfalls auch dem Lösen hoch belasteter Schraubverbindungen. Die Spannvorrichtung hat die Aufgabe, in Bolzenlängsrichtung für eine gewisse Zeit eine vorgegebene Vorspannkraft auf den Gewindebolzen 3 einer Schraubverbindung aufzubringen, um die Möglichkeit zu schaffen, die auf den Gewindebolzen 3 aufgeschraubte und diesen sichernde Mutter 4 momentenfrei anzuziehen bzw. nachzuziehen, oder auch zu lösen.The hydraulically driven tensioning device is used for tightening and possibly also for loosening highly stressed screw connections. The clamping device has the task of applying in the bolt longitudinal direction for a certain time a predetermined biasing force on the threaded bolt 3 of a screw to create the possibility to tighten the tightened on the threaded bolt 3 and this securing nut 4 torque-free or retighten, or even to solve ,

Die hier beschriebene Spannvorrichtung ist speziell für das Spannen bzw. Dehnen solcher Bolzenverbindungen ausgelegt, bei denen das über die Mutter 4 hinaus ragende Gewinde des Bolzens 3 eine beträchtliche Länge hat, und bei denen dieser Gewindeabschnitt insbesondere eine Länge aufweist, die das vier- bis achtfache des Gewindedurchmessers D beträgt.The clamping device described here is designed specifically for the clamping or stretching of such bolt connections, in which the projecting beyond the nut 4 beyond thread of the bolt 3 has a considerable length, and in which this threaded portion in particular has a length which is four to eight times the thread diameter D is.

Als vorübergehend Zug auf den Bolzen ausübendes Element wird eine Zugmutter 10 der Bolzenspannvorrichtung auf den Endabschnitt A des über die Mutter 4 hinaus vorstehenden Gewindeabschnitts aufgeschraubt. Die Zugmutter 10 wird anschließend unter Einsatz von Hydraulik unter Zugkraft gesetzt, wodurch der Gewindebolzen 3 in Längsrichtung gedehnt wird.As a temporary train on the bolt-applying element, a pull nut 10 of the bolt tensioning device is screwed onto the end section A of the nut 4 protruding beyond the threaded portion. The tension nut 10 is then put under tension using hydraulic, whereby the threaded bolt 3 is stretched in the longitudinal direction.

Die Bolzenspannvorrichtung weist ein starres Gehäuse 1 auf. Dieses besteht beim Ausführungsbeispiel aus zwei Gehäuseteilen 1a, 1 b. In Längsrichtung findet das Gehäuse 1 seine starre Fortsetzung nach unten in einem Stützrohr 2, welches an seiner Unterseite offen ist und sich auf jener Unterlage B, zumeist einem Maschinenteil, abstützt, auf der sich auch die Mutter 4 abstützt. Das Stützrohr 2 der Spannvorrichtung leitet daher die im Gehäuse 1 wirkenden Spannreaktionskräfte auf die feste Unterlage B ab. Das Stützrohr 2 umschließt und lässt Platz für die Mutter 4, ohne ein Drehen der im Inneren des Stützrohrs 2 angeordneten Mutter 4 zu behindern.The bolt tensioning device has a rigid housing 1. This consists in the embodiment of two housing parts 1a, 1b. In the longitudinal direction, the housing 1 is its rigid continuation down in a support tube 2, which is open at its bottom and is supported on that base B, usually a machine part, on which the nut 4 is supported. The support tube 2 of the tensioning device therefore derives the tension reaction forces acting in the housing 1 on the solid support B from. The support tube 2 encloses and leaves room for the nut 4, without hindering a rotation of the arranged inside the support tube 2 nut 4.

Seitlich an dem Gehäuse 1 befindet sich ein Hydraulikanschluss 7, über den in der Spannvorrichtung angeordnete Kolbenräume mit einer schaltbaren Hochdruck-Hydraulikversorgung verbindbar sind.On the side of the housing 1 is a hydraulic connection 7, via which piston chambers arranged in the clamping device can be connected to a switchable high-pressure hydraulic supply.

Außerdem kann ein durch eine Öffnung 2A in dem Stützrohr 2 hindurch arbeitendes Getriebe vorgesehen sein, mit dessen Hilfe sich die auf dem Gewindebolzen 3 sitzende Mutter 4 drehen lässt. Dieses Drehen ist nur möglich, wenn die Spannvorrichtung arbeitet, und daher die Mutter 4 nicht durch erhebliche Reibung, insbesondere gegenüber der Unterlage B, belastet ist.In addition, it is possible to provide a transmission operating through an opening 2A in the support tube 2, with the aid of which the nut 4 seated on the threaded bolt 3 can be rotated. This rotation is possible only when the jig is working, and therefore the nut 4 is not burdened by considerable friction, in particular with respect to the pad B.

Das Gehäuse 1 umfasst mindestens einen Hydraulikzylinder, der über den Hydraulikanschluss 7 und eine flexible, druckfeste Hydraulikleitung mit der externen Hydraulikversorgung verbunden sind.The housing 1 comprises at least one hydraulic cylinder, which are connected via the hydraulic port 7 and a flexible, pressure-resistant hydraulic line to the external hydraulic supply.

Bei dem hier beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel sind zwei Hydraulikzylinder in Reihe hintereinander geschaltet. Hierzu setzt sich, wie in Fig. 4 erkennbar ist, das Gehäuse 1 aus zwei druckfesten Gehäuseteilen 1a, 1 b zusammen, die jeweils einen Kolbenraum und damit einen hydraulischen Arbeitsraum umschließen. In jedem Kolbenraum ist, zu der Innenwandung des jeweiligen Gehäuseteils 1a, 1b hin abgedichtet, ein Kolben 5a, 5b in Längsrichtung beweglich angeordnet. Die Kolben 5a, 5b liegen in Längsrichtung gegeneinander an, und sind auf diese Weise in Reihenschaltung angeordnet.In the embodiment described here, two hydraulic cylinders are connected in series one behind the other. For this purpose, as in Fig. 4 can be seen, the housing 1 of two pressure-resistant housing parts 1a, 1b together, each enclosing a piston chamber and thus a hydraulic working space. In each piston chamber, sealed to the inner wall of the respective housing part 1a, 1b, a piston 5a, 5b arranged to be movable in the longitudinal direction. The pistons 5a, 5b are in the longitudinal direction against each other, and are arranged in this manner in series.

Beim Einschalten der Hydraulikversorgung werden durch das Einspeisen von hydraulischem Druck in die Kolbenräume die darin angeordneten Kolben 5a, 5b gemeinsam angehoben. Dies erfolgt entgegen der Wirkung von im Folgenden noch näher beschriebenen Federelementen.When the hydraulic supply is switched on, the pistons 5a, 5b arranged therein are lifted together by the injection of hydraulic pressure into the piston chambers. This is done against the action of spring elements described in more detail below.

Der Kolben 5 bzw., im Falle eines mehrteiligen Kolben, dessen oberster Kolben 5a liegt mit einer Druckübertragungsfläche 6 gegen die als Druckfläche 9 dienende Unterseite der Zugmutter 10 in Längsrichtung an. Beim Anheben des Kolbens 5 kommt es daher zu einer identischen Bewegung und Mitnahme der Zugmutter 10, und damit zu einem torsionsfreien Strecken des Gewindebolzens.The piston 5 or, in the case of a multi-part piston, the uppermost piston 5a is located with a pressure transfer surface 6 against serving as a pressure surface 9 underside of the tension nut 10 in the longitudinal direction. When lifting the piston 5, therefore, there is an identical movement and entrainment of the tension nut 10, and thus to a torsion-free stretching of the threaded bolt.

Die mit dem Endabschnitt A des Außengewindes des Gewindebolzens 3 verschraubbare Zugmutter 10 ist austauschbar gestaltet, sie lässt sich also bei Bedarf gegen eine Zugmutter 10 anderer Größe bzw. Geometrie austauschen, wohingegen der ein- oder mehrteilige Kolben 5 nicht gegen einen anderen Kolben ausgetauscht werden muss.The screwed to the end portion A of the external thread of the threaded bolt 3 tension nut 10 is designed interchangeable, so it can be replaced if necessary against a tension nut 10 different size or geometry, whereas the one or more parts piston 5 does not have to be replaced by another piston ,

Zum Spannen des Gewindebolzens 3 wird zunächst die Zugmutter 10 mit ihrem Innengewinde 11 auf den Gewindeendabschnitt A des Gewindebolzens aufgeschraubt. Das Innengewinde 11 erstreckt sich vorzugsweise nicht über die gesamte Länge der Zugmutter 10. Vielmehr weist die Zugmutter 10 im Anschluss an das Innengewinde 11 einen Längsanschlag 12 auf, der nur bei vollständig und damit korrekt aufgeschraubter Zugmutter 10 gegen die Stirnfläche 3A des Gewindebolzens axial anliegt. Der Längsanschlag 12 befindet sich an einem gewindelosen, gegenüber dem Gewinde 11 nach radial innen vorstehenden Längsabschnitt der Zugmutter 10.To tighten the threaded bolt 3, the tension nut 10 is first screwed with its internal thread 11 on the threaded end portion A of the threaded bolt. The internal thread 11 preferably does not extend over the entire length of the tension nut 10. Rather, the tension nut 10 has a longitudinal stop 12 adjacent to the internal thread 11, which bears axially against the end face 3A of the threaded bolt only when the tension nut 10 is completely and correctly screwed on. The longitudinal stop 12 is located on a threadless, opposite the thread 11 radially inwardly projecting longitudinal portion of the pull nut 10th

Durch anschließendes Einspeisen von hydraulischem Druck hebt der im Zylinder 1 geführte und von unten gegen die Zugmutter 10 abgestützte Kolben 5 unter Mitnahme der Zugmutter 10 an, wodurch es zur Längsdehnung des Gewindebolzens 3 kommt. Damit verbunden ist ein Reibungsverlust an der Unterseite der Mutter 4, so dass diese sich jetzt auf dem Gewinde des Bolzens drehen, z. B. nachziehen lässt.Subsequent feeding of hydraulic pressure lifts the piston 1 guided in the cylinder 1 and supported from below against the tension nut 10, thereby entraining the tension nut 10, as a result of which the longitudinal extension of the threaded bolt 3 occurs. This is associated with a loss of friction on the underside of the nut 4, so that they now turn on the thread of the bolt, z. B. can be tightened.

Um nicht, vor allem bei häufigen Spannprozessen, nach Abschluss jedes einzelnen Spannprozesses den Kolben 5 unter Aufwenden von Kraft wieder in seine Ausgangslage zurückdrücken zu müssen, sind den Kolben 5 in Richtung zu dem Stützrohr 2 hin beaufschlagende Rückstellfedern 20 vorgesehen. Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel sind insgesamt vier derartiger Federn 20 in Parallelschaltung vorhanden, jedoch kann auch eine geringere oder größere Anzahl an Federn 20 geeignet sein.In order not to have to push back the piston 5 in its initial position after application of force, especially in frequent clamping processes, after completion of each clamping process, the piston 5 are provided in the direction of the support tube 2 back restoring springs 20 acting. In the embodiment, a total of four such springs 20 are provided in parallel, but also a smaller or larger number of springs 20 may be suitable.

Gemäß Fig. 4 ist die einzelne Rückstellfeder 20 einerseits gegen eine gehäuseseitige Federabstützung 21, also eine bezüglich des Gehäuses 1 bzw. 1a starr ausgebildete Anlagefläche, und andererseits gegen eine kolbenseitige Federabstützung 22, also eine bezüglich des Kolbens 5 starr ausgebildete Anlagefläche, abgestützt.According to Fig. 4 is the single return spring 20 on the one hand against a housing-side spring support 21, so with respect to the housing 1 and 1a rigidly formed contact surface, and on the other hand against a piston-side spring support 22, so a relative to the piston 5 rigidly formed contact surface, supported.

Die Fig. 4 lässt in Verbindung mit Fig. 3 die Gestaltung sowohl des Gehäuses 1 als auch des darin längsgeführten, zweiteiligen Kolbens 5 sowie die besonders montagefreundliche Unterbringung der Rückstellfedern 20 erkennen, wobei die Rückstellfedern 20 platzsparend unterhalb des Gewindeeingriffs zwischen der Zugmutter 10 und dem Gewindeendabschnitt A angeordnet sind.The Fig. 4 lets in connection with Fig. 3 Recognize the design of both the housing 1 and the longitudinally guided, two-piece piston 5 and the particularly easy to install accommodation of the return springs 20, the return springs 20 are arranged to save space below the threaded engagement between the tension nut 10 and the threaded end portion A.

Zu diesem Zweck ist der Kolben 5 zwar dort, wo er im Gehäuse 1 abgedichtet geführt ist und so den Arbeitsraum des Hydraulikzylinders begrenzt, zylindrisch bzw. von kreisförmigem Querschnitt. Jedoch weist der Kolben 5 einen Längsabschnitt auf, auf welchem er, in Längsrichtung betrachtet, mit radialen Erweiterungen 31 nach Art von Flanschen versehen ist. Die Erweiterungen 31 stellen den Platz für die Unterbringung der Rückstellfedern 20 zur Verfügung.For this purpose, although the piston 5 is where it is guided sealed in the housing 1 and thus limits the working space of the hydraulic cylinder, cylindrical or circular in cross-section. However, the piston 5 has a longitudinal portion on which, viewed in the longitudinal direction, it is provided with radial extensions 31 in the manner of flanges. The extensions 31 provide space for accommodating the return springs 20.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel ist dieser Längsabschnitt des Kolbens mit insgesamt vier gegenüber der übrigen, zylindrischen Kolbenform radial vergrößerten Erweiterungen 31 versehen, wodurch der Längsabschnitt einen in Fig. 3 gut erkennbaren, rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweist. Die vier Erweiterungen 31 bilden, als Flansche gestaltet, die Eckenbereiche des Rechtecks. In jedem der Eckenbereiche ist eine der vier Rückstellfedern 20 angeordnet.In the embodiment, this longitudinal portion of the piston is provided with a total of four opposite the other, cylindrical piston shape radially enlarged extensions 31, whereby the longitudinal portion of a in Fig. 3 well recognizable, rectangular cross section. The four extensions 31, designed as flanges, form the corner areas of the rectangle. In each of the corner areas, one of the four return springs 20 is arranged.

Jede der flanschartigen Erweiterungen 31 des Kolbens 5 ist mit einer Öffnung 32 versehen, die sich parallel zur Längsachse des Kolbens erstreckt.Each of the flange extensions 31 of the piston 5 is provided with an opening 32 which extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the piston.

Der Gestaltung des Kolbens entsprechend, ist auch das Gehäuse 1 ist über einen Teil seiner Länge von rechteckigem Querschnitt. Diesen rechteckigen Querschnitt weist das Gehäuse 1 im Wesentlichen auf jenem Gehäuselängsabschnitt L1 auf, auf dem sich im Gehäuseinneren der ein- oder zweiteilige Kolben 5 befindet.According to the design of the piston, also the housing 1 is over a part of its length of rectangular cross-section. This rectangular cross-section, the housing 1 substantially on that housing longitudinal section L1, on which the one or two-piece piston 5 is located inside the housing.

In Fluchtung zu den Öffnungen 32 in den flanschartigen Erweiterungen 31 des Kolbens 5 ist auch das Gehäuse 1 mit jeweils einer Öffnung 42 versehen. An die Öffnung 42 schließt sich nach unten, d. h. zu dem Stützrohr 2 hin, eine vorzugsweise zylindrische Federkammer an, welche genügend Platz zur Aufnahme der jeweiligen Rückstellfeder 20 bietet.In alignment with the openings 32 in the flange-like extensions 31 of the piston 5, the housing 1 is also provided with an opening 42. At the opening 42 closes down, ie to the support tube 2 out, a preferably cylindrical spring chamber, which provides enough space for receiving the respective return spring 20.

Ein starrer Holm 25 erstreckt sich längs durch die Federkammer hindurch. Er ist mit seinem oberen Holmende 26 an dem Kolben 5 bzw. dem oberen Kolben 5a festgelegt, wohingegen das untere Holmende als Erweiterung 27, vergleichbar der Form eines Schraubenkopfes, gestaltet ist. Die Oberseite der Erweiterung 27 ist die kolbenseitige Federabstützung 22. Als gehäuseseitige Federabstützung 21 dient der die Öffnung 42 umgebende Bereich des Gehäuses 1, d. h. die die Federkammer nach oben hin begrenzende Wandung.A rigid spar 25 extends longitudinally through the spring chamber. He is with his upper bar end 26 fixed to the piston 5 and the upper piston 5a, whereas the lower end of the bar is designed as an extension 27, comparable to the shape of a screw head. The top of the extension 27 is the piston-side spring support 22. As the housing-side spring support 21 of the opening 42 surrounding area of the housing 1, d. H. the wall bounding the spring chamber upwards.

Zur Verbindung des Holms 25 mit dem Kolben 5 ist auf ein Gewinde am oberen Holmende 26 eine Mutter 28 aufgeschraubt, deren Durchmesser größer als der Durchmesser der darunter angeordneten Öffnung 32 ist. Mittels der Mutter 28 vermag sich daher der Holm 25 von oben her an der flanschartigen Erweiterung 31 des Kolbens 5 abzustützen.To connect the spar 25 with the piston 5, a nut 28 is screwed onto a thread at the upper end of the bar 26, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the opening 32 arranged thereunder. By means of the nut 28 is therefore able to support the spar 25 from above on the flange-like extension 31 of the piston 5.

Nach unten hin ist die Federkammer offen. Zur Montage oder zum Austausch der Rückstellfeder 20 wird daher zunächst die Mutter 28 am oberen Holmende 26 gelöst. Anschließend lässt sich die Rückstellfeder 20 zusammen mit dem Holm 25 nach unten aus dem Gehäuse 1 herausnehmen. Das Zusammensetzen erfolgt in umgekehrter Reihenfolge.At the bottom, the spring chamber is open. For assembly or replacement of the return spring 20, therefore, first the nut 28 is released at the upper end of the bar 26. Subsequently, the return spring 20 can take out together with the spar 25 down from the housing 1. The assembly takes place in reverse order.

Jede Rückstellfeder 20 besteht bei dem hier wiedergegebenen Ausführungsbeispiel aus mehreren aufeinandergeschichteten Tellerfedern 20A. Anstelle der Tellerfedern 20A lässt sich auch eine auf einen entsprechenden Druck ausgelegte Wendelfeder verwenden.Each return spring 20 consists in the embodiment shown here of several stacked disc springs 20A. Instead of the disc springs 20A, a coil spring designed for a corresponding pressure can also be used.

Der Kolben 5 ist zur Kennzeichnung seines maximal zulässigen Kolbenhubs mit einer Markierung 50 versehen.The piston 5 is provided with a marking 50 to identify its maximum allowable piston stroke.

Um ein leichtes Verkanten zwischen Zugmutter 10 und Gewindeendabschnitt A auszugleichen, ist der Kolben 5 bzw. hier der obere Kolben 5a zweigeteilt gestaltet. Er setzt sich aus einem Grundkörper 55, welcher dem Stützrohr 2 abgewandt als Mulde oder sphärische Kalotte gestaltet ist, und einem korrespondierend gestalteten, an seiner Unterseite sphärisch geformten Ring 56 zusammen, der sich auf diese Weise zwischen dem Kolben 5 und der Zugmutter 10 befindet. Entlang der gemeinsamen, eine Kugelpfanne bildenden Kalottenlinie 57 kann der Ring 56 eine gewisse Winkelanstellung zu dem Grundkörper 55 des Kolbens einnehmen, um so Ungenauigkeiten des Gewindes am Gewindebolzen 3 auszugleichen.In order to compensate for slight tilting between the tension nut 10 and the threaded end section A, the piston 5 or here the upper piston 5a is designed in two parts. It is composed of a base body 55, which is the support tube 2 facing away from designed as a trough or spherical dome, and a correspondingly shaped, on its underside spherically shaped ring 56 together, which is in this way between the piston 5 and the tension nut 10. Along the common, a ball socket forming Kalottenlinie 57, the ring 56 occupy a certain angular position to the main body 55 of the piston, so as to compensate for inaccuracies of the thread on the threaded bolt 3.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Gehäusecasing
1a1a
Gehäuseteilhousing part
1b1b
Gehäuseteilhousing part
22
Stützrohrsupport tube
33
Gewindebolzenthreaded bolt
44
Muttermother
55
Kolbenpiston
5a5a
Kolbenpiston
5b5b
Kolbenpiston
66
DruckübertragungsflächePressure transmitting surface
77
Hydraulikanschlusshydraulic connection
99
Druckflächeprint area
1010
Zugmuttertension nut
1111
Innengewindeinner thread
1212
Längsanschlaglongitudinal stop
2020
RückstellfederReturn spring
20A20A
TellerfederBelleville spring
2121
Federabstützung, gehäuseseitigSpring support, housing side
2222
Federabstützung, kolbenseitigSpring support, piston side
2525
HolmHolm
2626
oberes Holmendeupper end of the bar
2727
Erweiterung, unteres Ende des HolmsExtension, lower end of the spar
2828
Muttermother
3131
flanschartige Erweiterungflange-like extension
3232
Öffnungopening
4242
Öffnungopening
5050
Markierungmark
5555
Grundkörperbody
5656
Ringring
5757
KalottenlinieKalottenlinie
AA
Gewindeendabschnittthreaded end
BB
Unterlagedocument
DD
GewindedurchmesserThread diameter
L1L1
Teillängepartial length

Claims (11)

  1. A tensioning apparatus for stretching a threaded pin by pulling on the end portion (A) of the thread thereof, with a single-part or multiple-part housing (1) with at least one piston (5) movable therein in the longitudinal direction and capable of being attached to an hydraulic supply, a support tube (2) arranged as an extension of the housing (1) and diverting the tensioning forces acting in the housing (1) to an underlay (B) surrounding the threaded pin, a tension nut (10) which is capable of being fastened to an end portion (A) of the thread of the threaded pin by means of thread engagement and which is supported in the longitudinal direction by a pressure face (9) against a pressure-transfer face (6) formed on the piston (5), and with at least one return spring (20) acting upon the piston (5) in the direction towards the support tube (2) with abutment against a spring support (21) towards the housing on the one hand and against a spring support (22) towards the piston on the other hand, characterized in that the at least one return spring (20) is arranged, with respect to the underlay (B), below the level at which the thread engagement between the tension nut (10) and the end portion (A) of the thread takes place.
  2. A tensioning apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the at least one return spring (20) is arranged at the level of the piston (5).
  3. A tensioning apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized by at least two, and preferably four, return springs (20) which are arranged parallel and which are arranged distributed around the piston (5).
  4. A tensioning apparatus according to Claim 3, characterized in that the four return springs are arranged at the four corners of a rectangular cross-section, in the centre of which the piston (5) is arranged.
  5. A tensioning apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the spring support (21) towards the housing faces the support tube (2), and the spring support (22) towards the piston faces away from the support tube (2).
  6. A tensioning apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the return spring (20) surrounds a spar (25), wherein the upper end (26) of the spar facing away from the support tube (2) is fixed with respect to the piston (5), and a widening (27) against which the return spring (20) is supported is formed on the lower end of the spar (25) closer to the support tube (2).
  7. A tensioning apparatus according to Claim 6, characterized in that, in order to fix the upper end (26) of the spar, it is mounted in an opening (32) in a flange-like widening (31) of the piston (5), wherein the end (26) of the spar is supported from above on the flange-like widening (31).
  8. A tensioning apparatus according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the spar (25) passes in a longitudinally movable manner through an opening (42) - orientated parallel to the piston (5) - in the housing (1), wherein the region of the housing (1) surrounding the opening (42) forms the spring support (21) towards the housing.
  9. A tensioning apparatus according to Claim 8, characterized in that, as viewed in the longitudinal direction, both the flange-like widening (31) of the piston (5) and the housing (1) have rectangular cross-sections at the level of the opening (42), and one return spring (20) is arranged in each case on each of the four corners of the rectangular cross-section.
  10. A tensioning apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterized by a ring (56) arranged between the piston (5) and the tension nut (10), wherein the faces of the piston (5) and the ring (56) which are in mutual contact are made spherical.
  11. A tensioning apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the tension nut (10) is formed from an internal thread portion (11) and a further longitudinal portion projecting radially with respect to the latter, and a longitudinal stop (12) capable of being supported against the end face of the threaded pin is formed on the further longitudinal portion.
EP13187835.7A 2012-10-11 2013-10-09 Tension device for straining a threaded bolt Active EP2719504B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012109681.3A DE102012109681A1 (en) 2012-10-11 2012-10-11 Clamping device for stretching a threaded bolt

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EP2719504B1 true EP2719504B1 (en) 2015-08-12

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US (1) US9415493B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2719504B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6632181B2 (en)
DE (1) DE102012109681A1 (en)
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ES (1) ES2546841T3 (en)

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GB2595257B (en) * 2020-05-19 2023-04-12 Acutension Ltd Bolt tensioner

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Publication number Publication date
JP6632181B2 (en) 2020-01-22
DE102012109681A1 (en) 2014-04-17
EP2719504A1 (en) 2014-04-16
ES2546841T3 (en) 2015-09-29
US20140174262A1 (en) 2014-06-26
JP2014076535A (en) 2014-05-01
DK2719504T3 (en) 2015-11-23
US9415493B2 (en) 2016-08-16

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