EP2697812B1 - Contact-making device and drive therefor for protective switching devices - Google Patents

Contact-making device and drive therefor for protective switching devices Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2697812B1
EP2697812B1 EP12713739.6A EP12713739A EP2697812B1 EP 2697812 B1 EP2697812 B1 EP 2697812B1 EP 12713739 A EP12713739 A EP 12713739A EP 2697812 B1 EP2697812 B1 EP 2697812B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
making device
main
spring
drive therefor
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EP12713739.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2697812A1 (en
Inventor
Jozef Smrkolj
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Hager Electro SAS
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Hager Electro SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/40—Combined electrothermal and electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/2463—Electromagnetic mechanisms with plunger type armatures

Definitions

  • the electrical self-switch according to the DE 10 2009 030 158 A1 a magnetic release, whose coil is connected in series with the series connection of a contact bridge with two contact points between the terminals. Parallel to the first contact point, a thermal release is connected, which acts on a switching mechanism which opens the second contact point and fixes the contact bridge in the open position.
  • An anchor plunger of the magnetic release is pressed in case of overload from the first anchor to open the first contact point against the contact bridge. Since the overcurrent now flows through the thermal release and further through the coil of the magnetic release, the first contact is kept open. Due to the overcurrent heats the thermal release and actuates the switch lock, which now the second contact also opens. In the event of a short circuit, both armatures of the magnetic release pull on, so that the anchor tappet not only opens the first contact, but also triggers the switching mechanism, which then opens the second contact point with the arcing contact.
  • the invention therefore has the object to remedy this deficiency and to provide a contact device for protective switching devices, which minimizes their own energy losses in protection switching devices, and especially in normal continuous operation, the own energy losses by more than 50% compared to protective devices according to the prior art lowers.
  • the contact device and its drive for protection switching devices is formed by means of two parallel circuits in each of which a contact point is arranged and their drive takes place both in case of malfunction and operational switching in the way that only the Abbrennition in the secondary circuit performs the switching work, the current-carrying contact in the main circuit, however, only current is switched as a so-called empty contact.
  • the operating current flows only through the main contact with a constant contact resistance on a direct path through the coil from terminal to terminal.
  • the bimetal of the thermal release heats up and unlatches the switching mechanism which finally interrupts the faulty circuit by opening the Abbrennessores.
  • a housing 1 with commercial, standardized dimensions except the terminals 2 and 9 with their terminals 3 and 8, a magnetic release 7, a thermal release 10, a switch lock (S in FIG. 6 ), a Deionhunt 13 and a contact device with their contact points 6 and 11 are positioned.
  • the rotatably mounted about the fixed axis 14 main contact 5 is conductively connected via the flexible strand 4 to the terminal 3. Also with the connection 3 is the base of the thermal release 10, which may be a bimetallic element, galvanically form-fitting, fixedly connected. About the strand 15 of the thermal release is also with the rotatably mounted on the stationary axis 16 Abbrennitch 17 in conductive connection.
  • the first contact spring 26 generates the contact pressure at the contact point 11 and acts in the counterclockwise direction on the burn-off contact 17th
  • the second contact spring 18 is clamped between the Abbrennnem 17 and the main contact 5. It generates as in Fig. 1
  • the contact is made on the mating contact 19, which is electrically connected to a coil end of the magnetic release 7, so that in normal operation, a current flow from the terminal 2 via the terminal 3, the strand 4, the main contact. 5 with the contact point 6, the mating contact 19, the coil of the magnetic release 7 and the connection 8 to the terminal 9 comes about.
  • the secondary circuit with the thermal release 10 and the contact point 11 is electrically parallel to the contact point 6, as in the FIGS. 6a to 6b shown.
  • the contact spring 18 ' is formed as a compression spring, which is arranged between an extension 5' of the main contact 5 and a housing-fixed abutment 14 '.
  • leg spring may be provided, one leg of which acts on the main contact 5, while the other leg is suitably supported the switch housing. It is also possible to provide a tension spring.
  • Fig. 2 and 6b is the switched on self-switch at the beginning of the fault "overload” shown.
  • the rotatably mounted about the stationary axis 20 shift lever 21 forms together with a pawl 22, a coupling 23 and a rotatably mounted about the axis 24 rotatably mounted control handle 12 is tensioned by a switch spring 25 knee joint mechanism which is held in the setting in the over-center position.
  • the contact pressure at the contact point 11 is generated by a contact spring 26 which acts on the Abbrennitch 17 in the counterclockwise direction and is supported on the shift lever 21.
  • the armature 27 of the magnetic release 7 attracts and opens, as in FIG. 6b indicated by the arrow O1, via the plunger 28, the contact point 6 against the force of the second contact spring 18 by the main contact 5 is rotated counterclockwise about the axis 14.
  • the contact opening at 6 takes place without the formation of an arc, since the contact point is short-circuited (shunted) by the secondary circuit.
  • the overcurrent now flows from the terminal 2 via the terminal 3, the thermal release 10, the stranded wire 15, the Abbrenn toast 17 via the contact point 11 the mating contact 19 through the coil of the magnetic release 7, the terminal 8 to terminal 9.
  • the overcurrent heats now the thermal release 10, so that the bimetal aurisont and over the pull rod 29, the rotatably mounted in the shift lever 21 pawl 22 rotates clockwise, thereby canceling the latch and thus the shift lever 21 releases (as in FIG. 6b indicated by the arrow A), which by the force of the switching spring 25 in a clockwise direction rotates about the axis 20 and via the switching cam 30, the contact point 11 opens, the auto switch finally turns off, as in FIG. 6b indicated by the arrows 02, and interrupts the disturbed circuit.
  • the resulting arc is handled exclusively with the Abbrenn toast 17 at the contact point 11.
  • a high working temperature of the bimetal can be achieved with appropriate heating, which can be considerably higher than the ambient temperature at the installation of the circuit breaker, so that the reliability of the circuit breakers by high ambient temperatures, as in electrical distribution systems already during normal operation temporarily rule, not negatively affected. Due to the large temperature difference and an adjustment of the thermal release is not required, which greatly facilitates the production of circuit breakers in mass production.
  • the Figures 3 and 6c show the switching position at the moment of the occurrence of a short circuit in the electrical system.
  • the contact point 6 is first opened, as in FIG. 6c indicated by the arrow O1, and then rotated by the further rotation of the main contact 5 about the axis 14 in the counterclockwise direction on the main contact 5 fixed control cam 32, the pawl 22 in a clockwise direction, whereby the latching is released with the shift lever 21, as in FIG. 6c indicated by the arrow A '.
  • the end 33 of the plunger 28 hits the Abbrennitch 17 and rotates it clockwise about the axis 16, as in FIG. 6c indicated by the arrow 03.
  • the auto switch is ready to start again, the attached to the lever green marker 38 indicates through the viewing window 39, the off position of the protection device.
  • the arrangement of the switching cam 30 and 35 on the shift lever 21 is designed so that when manually switching on the protective switching device first the Abbrenn toast 17 contacts the mating contact 19 and only then the contact point 6 is closed. This ensures that in each case only the AbbrennUNG performs the switching work the main contact, however, is spared by an arc stress.
  • protective devices are characterized in the future by minimal self-consumption and low heating at the installation. she Moreover, they are not influenced by external temperature influences in terms of their tripping safety.
  • the invention thus provides a contact device for protection switching devices with arranged in two parallel circuits contact points, the contact point 6 is determined in the main current path only for guiding the operating current and de-energized.
  • the contact point 11 in the secondary current path alone performs the switching work in the formation of arcs.
  • the energy losses of the protection devices in normal operation by more than 50% compared to known versions sustainably lowered.
  • Due to the arrangement of the thermal release 10 in the secondary current path the influence of the fluctuation of the ambient temperature at the installation on the tripping function of the protection device can be prevented, so that the same security for the electrical system, the lines can be better utilized in the electrical installation.
  • the invention is compatible in its dimensions to commercially available products - a replacement in existing systems is therefore possible at any time.

Description

Die Forderung nach konsequenter Energieeinsparung bei der Erzeugung, dem Transport und dem Verbrauch elektrischer Leistung betrifft zwangsläufig auch die in dieser Funktionskette integrierten Schutzschaltgeräte. Wenn man bedenkt, dass die weltweit erzeugte elektrische Energie unverzichtbar grundsätzlich durch mehrere Schutzschaltgeräte fließen muss ehe sie den Verbraucher erreicht, dann ergibt deren Eigenverbrauch von ca. 1%o der erzeugten elektrischer Leistung ein gewaltiges Einsparpotential an nutzlos vergeudeter Energie.The demand for consistent energy savings in the generation, transport and consumption of electrical power inevitably also affects the protective switching devices integrated in this functional chain. Considering that the electrical energy generated worldwide must always flow through several circuit breakers before it reaches the consumer, then their own consumption of about 1% o of the electrical power generated results in a huge potential savings of useless wasted energy.

In der DE 10 2009 030 158 A1 wurde ein elektrischer Selbstschalter offenbart dessen thermischer Auslöser bei Normalbetrieb nicht vom Betriebsstrom durchflossen und damit seine Verlustleistung erheblich abgesenkt wird. Nachteilig ist dabei allerdings, dass der Betriebsstrom durch die Reihenschaltung von zwei Kontaktstellen fließen muss, von denen eine bei gestörtem Betrieb der Lichtbogeneinwirkung ausgesetzt ist, dabei abbrennt und den Kontaktwiderstand verändert.In the DE 10 2009 030 158 A1 an electrical self-switch was disclosed whose thermal release does not flow through the operating current during normal operation and thus its power loss is significantly reduced. A disadvantage, however, is that the operating current must flow through the series circuit of two contact points, one of which is exposed to disrupted operation of the arc effect, thereby burning and changing the contact resistance.

Zwangsläufig erhöht die Reihenschaltung von mehreren Kontaktstellen den Innenwiderstand von Schutzschaltgeräten und damit deren Verlustleistung.Inevitably, the series connection of several contact points increases the internal resistance of protective switching devices and thus their power loss.

Zum Schalten der Kontakte weist der elektrische Selbstschalter gemäß der DE 10 2009 030 158 A1 einen Magnetauslöser auf, dessen Spule mit der Reihenschaltung aus einer Kontaktbrücke mit zwei Kontaktstellen in Reihe zwischen den Anschlussklemmen liegt. Parallel zur ersten Kontaktstelle ist ein thermischer Auslöser geschaltet, der auf ein Schaltschloss einwirkt, das die zweite Kontaktstelle öffnet und die Kontaktbrücke in der geöffneten Stellung fixiert. Ein Ankerstössel des Magnetauslösers wird im Überlastfall vom ersten Anker zum Öffnen der ersten Kontaktstelle gegen die Kontaktbrücke gedrückt. Da der Überstrom nun durch den thermischen Auslöser und weiterhin durch die Spule des Magnetauslösers fließt, wird der erste Kontakt geöffnet gehalten. Aufgrund des Überstroms erwärmt sich der thermische Auslöser und betätigt das Schaltschloss, das nunmehr den zweiten Kontakt ebenfalls öffnet. Im Kurzschlussfall ziehen beide Anker des Magnetauslösers an, so dass der Ankerstössel nicht nur den ersten Kontakt öffnet, sondern auch das Schaltschloss auslöst, das dann die zweite Kontaktstelle mit dem Lichtbogenkontakt öffnet.For switching the contacts, the electrical self-switch according to the DE 10 2009 030 158 A1 a magnetic release, whose coil is connected in series with the series connection of a contact bridge with two contact points between the terminals. Parallel to the first contact point, a thermal release is connected, which acts on a switching mechanism which opens the second contact point and fixes the contact bridge in the open position. An anchor plunger of the magnetic release is pressed in case of overload from the first anchor to open the first contact point against the contact bridge. Since the overcurrent now flows through the thermal release and further through the coil of the magnetic release, the first contact is kept open. Due to the overcurrent heats the thermal release and actuates the switch lock, which now the second contact also opens. In the event of a short circuit, both armatures of the magnetic release pull on, so that the anchor tappet not only opens the first contact, but also triggers the switching mechanism, which then opens the second contact point with the arcing contact.

Aus der DE 28 54 623 A1 , die eine Anordnung zur selektiven Abschaltung mehrerer Verbraucher betrifft, ist ein verzögerter Überstromauslöser bekannt, der einen Hauptstrompfad mit einer Reihenschaltung aus einer Kontaktstelle und der Spule eines Magnetauslösers sowie einen Nebenstrompfad aufweist, der von einer Reihenschaltung aus einem Thermobimetall, einem PTC-Widerstand, einer Trennstelle und der Spule des Magnetauslösers besteht. Die Kontaktstelle im Hauptstrompfad wird dabei vom Schlaganker des Magnetauslösers geöffnet, so dass der Strom dann über den Nebenstrompfad durch den Thermobimetall fließt und dieses erwärmt.From the DE 28 54 623 A1 US-A-5 711 831, which relates to an arrangement for selectively disconnecting a plurality of loads, there is known a delayed overcurrent release having a main current path with a series connection of a contact point and the coil of a magnetic release and a secondary current path comprising a series arrangement of a bimetallic strip, a PTC resistor, a Separation point and the coil of the magnetic release exists. The contact point in the main current path is thereby opened by the impact armature of the magnetic release, so that the current then flows through the secondary current path through the bimetallic strip and this heats.

Die Erfindung hat deshalb die Aufgabe diesen Mangel zu beheben und eine Kontakteinrichtung für Schutzschaltgeräte zu schaffen, welche die eigenen Energieverluste bei Schutzschaltgeräten minimiert, und insbesondere bei normalen Dauerbetrieb die eigenen Energieverluste um mehr als 50% gegenüber Schutzschaltgeräten nach dem Stand der Technik senkt.The invention therefore has the object to remedy this deficiency and to provide a contact device for protective switching devices, which minimizes their own energy losses in protection switching devices, and especially in normal continuous operation, the own energy losses by more than 50% compared to protective devices according to the prior art lowers.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch den Gegenstand des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Ansprüche 2 bis 10 beschrieben.This object is solved by the subject matter of patent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are described in the claims 2 to 10.

Die Kontakteinrichtung und deren Antrieb für Schutzschaltgeräte wird mit Hilfe von zwei Parallelstromkreisen gebildet in welchen jeweils eine Kontaktstelle angeordnet ist und deren Antrieb sowohl im Störfall als auch bei betriebsmäßigem Schalten in der Art erfolgt, dass nur der Abbrennkontakt im Nebenstromkreis die Schaltarbeit verrichtet, der stromtragende Kontakt im Hauptstromkreis hingegen nur stromlos als sogenannter Leerkontakt geschaltet wird.The contact device and its drive for protection switching devices is formed by means of two parallel circuits in each of which a contact point is arranged and their drive takes place both in case of malfunction and operational switching in the way that only the Abbrennkontakt in the secondary circuit performs the switching work, the current-carrying contact in the main circuit, however, only current is switched as a so-called empty contact.

Bei Normalbetrieb fließt daher der Betriebsstrom nur über den Hauptkontakt mit konstantem Kontaktwiderstand auf direktem Weg durch die Spule von Klemme zu Klemme.In normal operation, therefore, the operating current flows only through the main contact with a constant contact resistance on a direct path through the coil from terminal to terminal.

Im Störfall durch Überstrom wird durch den Stromanstieg in der Spule der erste Anker des Magnetauslösers ansprechen und den durch den Nebenstromkreis kurzgeschlossenen (geshunteten) Hauptkontakt öffnen, so dass der Überstrom nun über den thermischen Auslöser, den Abbrennkontakt und die Spule fließen muss.In the event of a fault due to overcurrent, the current increase in the coil will trigger the first armature of the magnetic release and open the (shunted) main contact shorted by the bypass circuit, so that the overcurrent must now flow via the thermal release, the burnout contact and the coil.

Dabei erwärmt sich das Bimetall des thermischen Auslösers und entklinkt das Schaltschloss welches den gestörten Stromkreis durch Öffnen des Abbrennkontaktes endgültig unterbricht.In this case, the bimetal of the thermal release heats up and unlatches the switching mechanism which finally interrupts the faulty circuit by opening the Abbrennkontaktes.

Im Störfall durch Kurzschluss bringt dieser den zweiten Anker des Magnetauslösers zum Ansprechen welcher den geshunteten Hauptkontakt öffnet, das Schaltschloss entklinkt und den Abbrennkontakt soweit aufschlägt, dass der Lichtbogen in der dem Abbrennkontakt zugeordneten Deionkammer gelöscht und der gefährdete Stromkreis abgeschaltet wird. Bei diesem Vorgang wird der thermische Auslöser in den Kurzschlusskreis geschaltet wobei die nun höhere Impedanz den Kurzschluss-Strom zusätzlich begrenzt.In case of fault due to short circuit this brings the second armature of the magnetic release to respond which opens the shunted main contact, unlatches the switching lock and the Abbrennkontakt far enough that extinguished the arc in the Deionkammer associated with the Abbrennkontakt and the endangered circuit is turned off. During this process, the thermal release is switched to the short circuit, whereby the now higher impedance additionally limits the short circuit current.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen von charakteristischen Schaltstellungen beispielhaft an einem Kleinselbstschalter näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail by way of example with reference to the drawings of characteristic switch positions on a self-adhesive switch.

Bei der Darstellung wurde auf Bauteile welche für das Verständnis des Erfindungsgedanken bedeutungslos oder bekannt sind, verzichtet.

  • Figur 1 zeigt die Kontakteinrichtung und deren Antrieb in der betriebsbereiten Einschaltstellung des Selbstschalters.
  • Figur 2 zeigt die Schaltstellung während des Störfalles "Überstrom".
  • Figur 3 zeigt die Kontakteinrichtung und deren Antrieb im Entstehungsaugenblick eines Kurzschlusses in der zu schützenden Anlage.
  • Figur 4 zeigt die Erfindung im ausgeschalteten Zustand des Selbstschalters.
  • Figur 5 zeigt eine Kontakteinrichtung gemäß Figur 1 bei der eine alternative Ausführungsform der Kontaktfeder gezeigt ist.
  • Figuren 6a bis 6c zeigen Schaltungsdiagramme des erfindungsgemäßen Selbstschalters für normalen Strom, Überstrom bzw. Kurzschlussstrom.
In the presentation was on components which are meaningless or known for the understanding of the inventive concept omitted.
  • FIG. 1 shows the contact device and its drive in the ready-on position of the self-switch.
  • FIG. 2 shows the switching position during the fault "overcurrent".
  • FIG. 3 shows the contact device and its drive in the moment of origin of a short circuit in the system to be protected.
  • FIG. 4 shows the invention in the off state of the self-switch.
  • FIG. 5 shows a contact device according to FIG. 1 in which an alternative embodiment of the contact spring is shown.
  • FIGS. 6a to 6c show circuit diagrams of the self-switch according to the invention for normal current, overcurrent or short-circuit current.

In den verschiedenen Figuren der Zeichnung sind einander entsprechende Bauteile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.In the various figures of the drawing corresponding components are provided with the same reference numerals.

In einem Gehäuse 1 mit handelsüblichen, genormten Abmessungen ist außer den Anschlussklemmen 2 und 9 mit ihren Anschlüssen 3 und 8, ein Magnetauslöser 7, ein thermischer Auslöser 10, ein Schaltschloss (S in Figur 6), eine Deionkammer 13 sowie eine Kontakteinrichtung mit ihren Kontaktstellen 6 und 11 positioniert.In a housing 1 with commercial, standardized dimensions except the terminals 2 and 9 with their terminals 3 and 8, a magnetic release 7, a thermal release 10, a switch lock (S in FIG. 6 ), a Deionkammer 13 and a contact device with their contact points 6 and 11 are positioned.

Der um die ortsfeste Achse 14 drehbar gelagerte Hauptkontakt 5 ist über die flexible Litze 4 mit dem Anschluss 3 leitend verbunden. Ebenfalls mit dem Anschluss 3 ist der Fußpunkt des thermischen Auslösers 10, der ein Bimetallelement sein kann, galvanisch formschlüssig, ortsfest verbunden. Über die Litze 15 steht der thermische Auslöser außerdem mit dem drehbar auf der ortsfesten Achse 16 gelagerten Abbrennkontakt 17 in leitender Verbindung.The rotatably mounted about the fixed axis 14 main contact 5 is conductively connected via the flexible strand 4 to the terminal 3. Also with the connection 3 is the base of the thermal release 10, which may be a bimetallic element, galvanically form-fitting, fixedly connected. About the strand 15 of the thermal release is also with the rotatably mounted on the stationary axis 16 Abbrennkontakt 17 in conductive connection.

Die erste Kontaktfeder 26 erzeugt den Kontaktdruck an der Kontaktstelle 11 und wirkt in Gegenuhrzeigerrichtung auf den Abbrenntkontakt 17.The first contact spring 26 generates the contact pressure at the contact point 11 and acts in the counterclockwise direction on the burn-off contact 17th

Die zweite Kontaktfeder 18 ist zwischen dem Abbrennkontakt 17 und dem Hauptkontakt 5 eingespannt. Sie erzeugt wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, den Kontaktdruck an der Kontaktstelle 6. Die Kontaktierung erfolgt auf dem Gegenkontakt 19, welcher galvanisch mit einem Spulenende des Magnetauslösers 7 verbunden ist, so dass im Normalbetrieb ein Stromfluss von der Klemme 2 über den Anschluss 3, die Litze 4, den Hauptkontakt 5 mit der Kontaktstelle 6, den Gegenkontakt 19, die Spule des Magnetauslösers 7 und den Anschluss 8 zur Klemme 9 zustande kommt. Der Nebenstromkreis mit dem thermischen Auslöser 10 und der Kontaktstelle 11 liegt dabei zu der Kontaktstelle 6 elektrisch parallel, wie in den Figuren 6a bis 6b gezeigt.The second contact spring 18 is clamped between the Abbrennkontakt 17 and the main contact 5. It generates as in Fig. 1 The contact is made on the mating contact 19, which is electrically connected to a coil end of the magnetic release 7, so that in normal operation, a current flow from the terminal 2 via the terminal 3, the strand 4, the main contact. 5 with the contact point 6, the mating contact 19, the coil of the magnetic release 7 and the connection 8 to the terminal 9 comes about. The secondary circuit with the thermal release 10 and the contact point 11 is electrically parallel to the contact point 6, as in the FIGS. 6a to 6b shown.

Wie in Figur 5 dargestellt ist, kann an Stelle der zwischen dem Abbrennkontakt 17 und dem Hauptkontakt 5 vorgesehene zweiten Kontaktfeder 18 auch eine zweite Kontaktfeder 18' eingesetzt werden, die den Hauptkontakt 5 unabhängig vom Abbrennkontakt 17 in seine Schließstellung drängt. Gemäß Figur 5 ist hierzu die Kontaktfeder 18' als Druckfeder ausgebildet, die zwischen einem Fortsatz 5' des Hauptkontaktes 5 und einem gehäusefesten Widerlager 14' angeordnet ist. An Stelle der dargestellten Druckfeder kann auch eine Torsionsfeder, insbesondere Schenkelfeder vorgesehen sein, deren einer Schenkel den Hauptkontakt 5 beaufschlagt, während der andere Schenkel dem Schaltergehäuse geeignet abgestützt ist. Es ist ferner möglich, auch eine Zugfeder vorzusehen.As in FIG. 5 is shown, instead of the provided between the Abbrennkontakt 17 and the main contact 5 second contact spring 18, a second contact spring 18 'are used, which urges the main contact 5 regardless of the Abbrennkontakt 17 in its closed position. According to FIG. 5 For this purpose, the contact spring 18 'is formed as a compression spring, which is arranged between an extension 5' of the main contact 5 and a housing-fixed abutment 14 '. In place of the illustrated compression spring and a torsion spring, in particular leg spring may be provided, one leg of which acts on the main contact 5, while the other leg is suitably supported the switch housing. It is also possible to provide a tension spring.

In Fig. 2 und 6b ist der eingeschaltete Selbstschalter bei Beginn des Störfalles "Überlast" dargestellt. Der um die ortsfeste Achse 20 drehbar gelagerte Schalthebel 21 bildet zusammen mit einer Klinke 22, einer Koppel 23 und einem ortsfest um die Achse 24 drehbar gelagerten Schaltgriff 12 einen durch eine Schaltfeder 25 gespannten Kniegelenkmechanismus welcher in der Einstellung in Übertotpunktlage gehalten wird. Der Kontaktdruck an der Kontaktstelle 11 wird dabei durch eine Kontaktfeder 26 erzeugt welche auf den Abbrennkontakt 17 in Gegenuhrzeigerrichtung wirkt und sich am Schalthebel 21 abstützt.In Fig. 2 and 6b is the switched on self-switch at the beginning of the fault "overload" shown. The rotatably mounted about the stationary axis 20 shift lever 21 forms together with a pawl 22, a coupling 23 and a rotatably mounted about the axis 24 rotatably mounted control handle 12 is tensioned by a switch spring 25 knee joint mechanism which is held in the setting in the over-center position. The contact pressure at the contact point 11 is generated by a contact spring 26 which acts on the Abbrennkontakt 17 in the counterclockwise direction and is supported on the shift lever 21.

Durch den Stromanstieg im Störfall zieht der Anker 27 des Magnetauslösers 7 an und öffnet, wie in Figur 6b durch den Pfeil O1 angedeutet, über den Stößel 28 die Kontaktstelle 6 gegen die Kraft der zweiten Kontaktfeder 18, indem der Hauptkontakt 5 im Gegenuhrzeigersinn um die Achse 14 gedreht wird. Die Kontaktöffnung bei 6 erfolgt ohne Bildung eines Lichtbogens, da die Kontaktstelle durch den Nebenstromkreis kurzgeschlossen (geshuntet) ist.Due to the increase in current in case of failure, the armature 27 of the magnetic release 7 attracts and opens, as in FIG. 6b indicated by the arrow O1, via the plunger 28, the contact point 6 against the force of the second contact spring 18 by the main contact 5 is rotated counterclockwise about the axis 14. The contact opening at 6 takes place without the formation of an arc, since the contact point is short-circuited (shunted) by the secondary circuit.

Der Überstrom fließt nunmehr von der Klemme 2 über den Anschluss 3, den thermischen Auslöser 10, die Litze 15, den Abbrennkontakt 17 über die Kontaktstelle 11 den Gegenkontakt 19 durch die Spule des Magnetauslösers 7, den Anschluss 8 zur Klemme 9. Der Überstrom erwärmt nun den thermischen Auslöser 10, so dass das Bimetall ausbiegt und über die Zugstange 29 die im Schalthebel 21 drehbar gelagerte Klinke 22 im Uhrzeigersinn dreht, dabei die Verklinkung aufhebt und damit den Schalthebel 21 freigibt (wie in Figur 6b durch den Pfeil A angedeutet), welcher durch die Kraft der Schaltfeder 25 im Uhrzeigersinn um die Achse 20 dreht und über den Schaltnocken 30 die Kontaktstelle 11 öffnet, den Selbstschalter endgültig ausschaltet, wie in Figur 6b durch die Pfeile 02 angedeutet, und den gestörten Stromkreis unterbricht. Der dabei entstehende Lichtbogen wird ausschließlich mit dem Abbrennkontakt 17 an der Kontaktstelle 11 bewältigt.The overcurrent now flows from the terminal 2 via the terminal 3, the thermal release 10, the stranded wire 15, the Abbrennkontakt 17 via the contact point 11 the mating contact 19 through the coil of the magnetic release 7, the terminal 8 to terminal 9. The overcurrent heats now the thermal release 10, so that the bimetal ausiegt and over the pull rod 29, the rotatably mounted in the shift lever 21 pawl 22 rotates clockwise, thereby canceling the latch and thus the shift lever 21 releases (as in FIG. 6b indicated by the arrow A), which by the force of the switching spring 25 in a clockwise direction rotates about the axis 20 and via the switching cam 30, the contact point 11 opens, the auto switch finally turns off, as in FIG. 6b indicated by the arrows 02, and interrupts the disturbed circuit. The resulting arc is handled exclusively with the Abbrennkontakt 17 at the contact point 11.

Bei der Anordnung des thermischen Auslösers im Nebenschluss ist bei entsprechender Heizleistung eine hohe Arbeitstemperatur des Bimetalls erreichbar, welche erheblich über der Umgebungstemperatur am Einbauort der Schutzschaltgeräte liegen kann, so dass die Zuverlässigkeit der Schutzschaltgeräte durch hohe Umgebungstemperaturen, wie sie in elektrischen Verteilungsanlagen bereits bei Normalbetrieb zeitweise herrschen, nicht negativ beeinflusst wird. Wegen der großen Temperaturdifferenz ist auch eine Justierung des thermischen Auslösers nicht erforderlich, was die Herstellung von Schutzschaltgeräten in der Serienfertigung sehr erleichtert.In the arrangement of the thermal release in the shunt a high working temperature of the bimetal can be achieved with appropriate heating, which can be considerably higher than the ambient temperature at the installation of the circuit breaker, so that the reliability of the circuit breakers by high ambient temperatures, as in electrical distribution systems already during normal operation temporarily rule, not negatively affected. Due to the large temperature difference and an adjustment of the thermal release is not required, which greatly facilitates the production of circuit breakers in mass production.

Die Figuren 3 und 6c zeigen die Schaltstellung im Moment der Entstehung eines Kurzschlusses in der elektrischen Anlage.The Figures 3 and 6c show the switching position at the moment of the occurrence of a short circuit in the electrical system.

Nachdem der Kurzschluss-Strom ein Vielfaches des Überstromes ausmacht, zieht nun zusätzlich der Anker 31 des Magnetauslösers 7 mit großer Kraft an. Über den Stößel 28 wird zunächst die Kontaktstelle 6 geöffnet, wie in Figur 6c durch den Pfeil O1 angedeutet, und dann dreht durch die weitere Drehung des Hauptkontaktes 5 um die Achse 14 im Gegenuhrzeigersinn ein am Hauptkontakt 5 fest angebrachter Steuernocken 32 die Klinke 22 im Uhrzeigersinn, wodurch die Verklinkung mit dem Schalthebel 21 aufgehoben wird, wie in Figur 6c durch den Pfeil A' angedeutet. Gleichzeitig trifft das Ende 33 des Stößels 28 auf den Abbrennkontakt 17 und dreht diesen im Uhrzeigersinn um die Achse 16, wie in Figur 6c durch den Pfeil 03 angedeutet. Durch die schlagartige Öffnung der Kontaktstelle 11 wird der dabei entstehende Lichtbogen in bekannter Weise in der Deionkammer 13 zum Verlöschen gebracht. Zeitgleich wird der entklinkte Schalthebel 21 durch die Schaltfeder 25 um die Achse 20 im Uhrzeigersinn gedreht bis er an dem gehäusefesten Nocken 34 anschlägt.After the short-circuit current makes up a multiple of the overcurrent, now additionally attracts the armature 31 of the magnetic release 7 with great force. About the plunger 28, the contact point 6 is first opened, as in FIG. 6c indicated by the arrow O1, and then rotated by the further rotation of the main contact 5 about the axis 14 in the counterclockwise direction on the main contact 5 fixed control cam 32, the pawl 22 in a clockwise direction, whereby the latching is released with the shift lever 21, as in FIG. 6c indicated by the arrow A '. At the same time the end 33 of the plunger 28 hits the Abbrennkontakt 17 and rotates it clockwise about the axis 16, as in FIG. 6c indicated by the arrow 03. Due to the sudden opening of the contact point 11 of the resulting arc is brought in a known manner in the Deionkammer 13 to extinguish. At the same time the unlatched shift lever 21 is rotated by the switching spring 25 about the axis 20 in a clockwise direction until it abuts against the cam fixed to the housing 34.

Die Schaltnocken 30 und 35 des Schalthebels 21 fixieren dann den Abbrennkontakt 17 und den Hauptkontakt 5 in der in Fig. 4 dargestellten AUS - Position, wie in Figur 6c durch die Pfeile 02 angedeutet. Während dieser Ausschaltbewegung wurde der Schaltgriff 12 durch die Grifffeder 36 um die Achse 24 im Gegenzeigersinn gedreht bis die Koppel 19 an der Verklinkungsstelle 37 zwischen Schalthebel 21 und Klinke 22 einrastet.The switching cams 30 and 35 of the shift lever 21 then fix the Abbrennkontakt 17 and the main contact 5 in the in Fig. 4 OFF position shown, as in FIG. 6c indicated by the arrows 02. During this switch-off movement of the handle 12 was rotated by the handle spring 36 about the axis 24 in the counterclockwise direction until the coupling 19 engages the Verklinkungsstelle 37 between the shift lever 21 and pawl 22.

Der Selbstschalter ist wieder einschaltbereit, die am Schalthebel angebrachte grüne Markierung 38 zeigt durch das Sichtfenster 39 die ausgeschaltete Stellung des Schutzschaltgerätes an. Die Anordnung der Schaltnocken 30 und 35 auf dem Schalthebel 21 ist so ausgeführt, dass beim manuellen Einschalten des Schutzschaltgerätes zunächst der Abbrennkontakt 17 den Gegenkontakt 19 berührt und erst danach die Kontaktstelle 6 geschlossen wird. Damit ist sichergestellt, dass in jedem Fall nur der Abbrennkontakt die Schaltarbeit verrichtet der Hauptkontakt hingegen von einer Lichtbogenbeanspruchung verschont bleibt.The auto switch is ready to start again, the attached to the lever green marker 38 indicates through the viewing window 39, the off position of the protection device. The arrangement of the switching cam 30 and 35 on the shift lever 21 is designed so that when manually switching on the protective switching device first the Abbrennkontakt 17 contacts the mating contact 19 and only then the contact point 6 is closed. This ensures that in each case only the Abbrennkontakt performs the switching work the main contact, however, is spared by an arc stress.

Durch die Aufteilung der Stromführung in zwei Parallelkreise werden die Funktionseigenschaften von Schutzschaltgeräten optimiert. Muss z. B. bei Selbstschaltern nach dem Stand der Technik der Schaltkontakt einerseits gute Leitfähigkeit aufweisen andererseits aber dem Lichtbogenabbrand stand halten so wird diese Problematik gemäß der Erfindung durch zwei unabhängig voneinander angetriebene Kontakte mit Eigenschaften welche die jeweiligen speziellen Forderungen optimal erfüllen, gelöst.By dividing the current supply into two parallel circuits, the functional properties of protective switching devices are optimized. Must z. B. in self-switches according to the prior art, the switching contact on the one hand have good conductivity on the other hand, the arc erosion withstand so this problem is solved according to the invention by two independently driven contacts with properties that optimally meet the particular requirements.

Bei Normalbetrieb wird nur der Hauptkontakt 5 vom Betriebsstrom durchflossen, so dass die Kontaktstelle 6 mit homogenen Ag - Kontaktauflagen auf niedrigste Kontaktwiderstände getrimmt werden kann, welche, da kein Abbrand erfolgt, nachhaltig beibehalten werden.In normal operation, only the main contact 5 is traversed by the operating current, so that the contact point 6 can be trimmed with homogeneous Ag - contact pads to lowest contact resistance, which, since no burning occurs, be sustainably maintained.

Der Abbrennkontakt 17 übernimmt hingegen im Störfall und bei betriebsmäßigem Schalten allein die Lichtbogenarbeit, so dass sich die Herstellung aus unedlen, abbrandfesten Werkstoffen anbietet.The Abbrennkontakt 17, however, takes over in case of failure and operational switching alone the arc work, so that the production of base, erosion-resistant materials offers.

Bei konsequenter Umsetzung der Erfindung zeichnen sich Schutzschaltgeräte in der Zukunft durch minimalen Eigenverbrauch und geringe Erwärmung am Einbauort aus. Sie sind zudem in ihrer Auslösesicherheit durch äußere Temperatureinflüsse nicht zu beeinflussen.With consistent implementation of the invention, protective devices are characterized in the future by minimal self-consumption and low heating at the installation. she Moreover, they are not influenced by external temperature influences in terms of their tripping safety.

Die Erfindung stellt also eine Kontakteinrichtung für Schutzschaltgräte mit in zwei Parallelstromkreisen angeordneten Kontaktstellen bereit, wobei die Kontaktstelle 6 im Hauptstrompfad nur zum Führen des Betriebsstromes bestimmt ist und stromlos schaltet. Die Kontaktstelle 11 im Nebenstrompfad verrichtet hingegen allein die Schaltarbeit bei Entstehung von Lichtbögen. Hierdurch werden die Energieverluste der Schutzschaltgeräte im Normalbetrieb um mehr als 50% gegenüber bekannten Ausführungen nachhaltig gesenkt. Aufgrund der Anordnung des thermischen Auslösers 10 im Nebenstrompfad kann der Einfluss der Schwankung der Umgebungstemperatur am Einbauort auf die Auslösefunktion des Schutzschaltgerätes verhindert werden, sodass bei gleicher Sicherheit für die elektrische Anlage die Leitungen in der Elektroinstallation besser ausgenützt werden können. Die Erfindung ist in ihren Abmessungen kompatibel zu handelsüblichen Produkten - ein Auswechseln in bestehenden Anlagen ist daher jederzeit möglich.The invention thus provides a contact device for protection switching devices with arranged in two parallel circuits contact points, the contact point 6 is determined in the main current path only for guiding the operating current and de-energized. The contact point 11 in the secondary current path, however, alone performs the switching work in the formation of arcs. As a result, the energy losses of the protection devices in normal operation by more than 50% compared to known versions sustainably lowered. Due to the arrangement of the thermal release 10 in the secondary current path, the influence of the fluctuation of the ambient temperature at the installation on the tripping function of the protection device can be prevented, so that the same security for the electrical system, the lines can be better utilized in the electrical installation. The invention is compatible in its dimensions to commercially available products - a replacement in existing systems is therefore possible at any time.

Claims (10)

  1. Contact-making device and drive therefor for protective switching devices with at least two parallel current paths, a main current path and a minor current path, each with a contact point (6, 11), which are positioned in series connection with the coil of a magnetic trigger (7) with two armatures (27, 31), which according to the operating status of the electrical system are each opened by one or both armatures (27, 31) and are fixed in this position by a switch latch (S), wherein the main current path is formed exclusively only by the series connection of the contact point (6) to the coil of the magnetic trigger (7) so that the contact point (6) in the main current path is only connected without current and as a so-called idle contact carries the operating current during normal operation.
  2. Contact-making device and drive therefor according to claim 1, characterised in that the minor current path is formed by the series connection of the thermal trigger (10) to the contact point (11), so that said contact point together with a deion chamber (13) provides the arc switching operation.
  3. Contact-making device and drive therefor according to claims 1 and 2, characterised in that a counter contact (19) as a structural unit with the magnetic trigger (7) forms the contact for both the main contact (5) and also for the arcing contact (17) and in that the counter contact (19) also provides the galvanic connection to the coil of the magnetic trigger (7).
  4. Contact-making device and drive therefor according to claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the main contact (5) mounted rotatably in the housing (1) is driven, in case of a fault caused by overcurrent, by the armature (27) of the magnetic trigger (7) via a slide (28) and is held open until the thermal trigger (10) via the draw bar (29) rotates the latch (22) so far until the latching between the latch (22), coupler (23) and switch lever (21) has been removed and the switch lever (21) mounted rotatably in the housing (1) moves the protective switching device into an OFF position by means of the switch spring (25).
  5. Contact-making device and drive therefor according to claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the main contact (5) mounted rotatably in the housing (1) in case of a fault caused by short circuit is rotated by the armature (31) of the magnetic trigger (7) via the slide (28) firstly further anti-clockwise until a control cam (32) of the main contact (5) unlatches the switch latch, then the end (33) of the slide (28) strikes the arcing contact (17) mounted rotatably in the housing (1) and rotates the latter clockwise against the force of a first contact spring (26).
  6. Contact-making device and drive therefor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the thermal trigger (10) is connected at its base point to the terminal (3) of the clamp (2) and the flexible flex (4) in a positive-locking and conducting manner, so that the thermal trigger (10) in the switched-on position of the protective switching device is short-circuited by the counter contact (19).
  7. Contact-making device and drive therefor according to claim 6, characterised in that the counter contact (19) is designed at its one end at the contact point (11) as an arcing contact with an arc horn, at its other end at the contact point (6) as a current-carrying idle contact with homogenous Ag-contact area.
  8. Contact-making device and drive therefor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the switch lever (21) mounted rotatably in the housing (1) with its switching cam (35) by the force of the switch spring (25) after unlatching firstly opens the main contact (5) at the contact point (6) and then with its switching cam (30) opens the arcing contact (17) at the contact point (11).
  9. Contact-making device and drive therefor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a second contact spring (18) designed as a helical compression spring, which contact spring is clamped between the main contact (5) and the arcing contact (17), generates the contact pressure at the contact point (6).
  10. Contact-making device and drive therefor according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that a second contact spring (18') designed as a helical compression spring, which contact spring is clamped between an extension (5') of the main contact (5) and a housing-secure abutment (14'), generates the contact pressure at the contact point (6).
EP12713739.6A 2011-04-13 2012-04-12 Contact-making device and drive therefor for protective switching devices Active EP2697812B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201110016933 DE102011016933A1 (en) 2011-04-13 2011-04-13 Contact device and its drive for protective switching devices
PCT/EP2012/056686 WO2012140145A1 (en) 2011-04-13 2012-04-12 Contact-making device and drive therefor for protective switching devices

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EP2697812A1 EP2697812A1 (en) 2014-02-19
EP2697812B1 true EP2697812B1 (en) 2016-05-11

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EP (1) EP2697812B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102011016933A1 (en)
PL (1) PL2697812T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2012140145A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012111618A1 (en) * 2012-11-29 2014-06-18 Eaton Industries (Austria) Gmbh Circuit breaker with passively heated bimetallic element
EP3048629A1 (en) 2015-01-23 2016-07-27 Jozef Smrkolj Automatic cut-out
DE102015001945A1 (en) 2015-02-16 2016-08-18 Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh Circuit breaker and method of operation thereof
FR3049760B1 (en) * 2016-04-04 2019-08-23 Hager-Electro Sas CIRCUIT BREAKER TYPE ELECTRICAL APPARATUS
EP3724909A1 (en) 2017-12-15 2020-10-21 Jozef Smrkolj Intelligent circuit breaker
DE102018115696A1 (en) 2018-06-28 2020-01-02 Strip's D.O.O. Multiple measuring device and circuit breaker
EP3699943B1 (en) 2019-02-21 2022-05-11 Hager-Electro Sas Magnetic tripping device for electrical switchgear
EP3840008A1 (en) 2019-12-16 2021-06-23 Strip's d.o.o. Multimeter and circuit breaker
WO2023208490A1 (en) 2022-04-29 2023-11-02 Jozef Smrkolj Slider switch, smart switch system and smart circuit breaker for breaking an electric circuit

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2854623C2 (en) * 1978-12-18 1982-09-09 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim Selective main circuit breaker
DE10354505B4 (en) * 2003-11-21 2006-01-12 Eti Elektroelement D.D. Electric auto switch
WO2006085829A1 (en) * 2005-02-09 2006-08-17 Eti Elektroelement D.D. Electric automatic switch
DE102008017472A1 (en) * 2007-04-28 2008-11-06 Abb Ag Service switching device
DE102009030158A1 (en) 2009-06-24 2010-12-30 Smrkolj, Jozef Multipolar electric automatic switch e.g. multipolar line circuit breaker useful in household- and industrial distributions to protect cables and engines, comprises automatic switches, and electrothermal trigger device, and switch latch

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EP2697812A1 (en) 2014-02-19
WO2012140145A1 (en) 2012-10-18
PL2697812T3 (en) 2016-12-30
DE102011016933A1 (en) 2012-10-18

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