Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
  • F25J1/0027—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
  • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
  • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
  • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
  • F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
  • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
  • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
  • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
  • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
  • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
  • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
  • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
  • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
  • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
  • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
  • F25J1/0263—Details of the cold heat exchange system using different types of heat exchangers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
  • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
  • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
  • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
  • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
  • F25J3/063—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
  • F25J3/067—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon dioxide
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
  • F25J2210/70—Flue or combustion exhaust gas
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
  • F25J2220/80—Separating impurities from carbon dioxide, e.g. H2O or water-soluble contaminants
  • F25J2220/82—Separating low boiling, i.e. more volatile components, e.g. He, H2, CO, Air gases, CH4
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
  • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
  • F25J2230/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being nitrogen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
  • F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
  • F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
  • F25J2270/02—Internal refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
  • F25J2270/80—Quasi-closed internal or closed external carbon dioxide refrigeration cycle
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
  • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
  • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for liquefying a gas for supplying or cooling a feed gas, said method being for liquefying a gas or cooling a supercritical pressure feed gas.
• supercritical pressure for example a gas rich in carbon dioxide, containing for example at least 60 mol%. of carbon dioxide, or at least 80 mol% of carbon dioxide.
• the gas is condensed or the supercritical pressure gas, for example C0 2 , is cooled against an available cold source.
• This source can be a flow of air or water at a pressure of between 70 and 100 bar.
• the condensed or cooled gas must then be sub-cooled in an exchanger before dividing it to form several liquid flow rates which are then vaporized at different pressure levels. These different pressure levels are achieved by relaxing at least one of the liquid flow rates.
• the liquids are vaporized in the exchanger to provide cold, while the remaining liquid production is sent to storage.
• the disadvantage of the basic scheme is to sub-cool the liquid or gas down to -50 ° C in one step, which amounts to imposing on the entire exchange line its high design pressure which may be higher at 80 bars. This high pressure creates constraints on the exchanger whose passage section must be reduced, as well as the number of boxes for the entry or exit of fluid.
• the invention aims to sub-cool the liquid or the gas cooled in a simple exchanger with two fluids and sized for the maximum pressure.
• the subcooled liquid is then expanded, but at a pressure high enough not to vaporize.
• the next exchanger generally more complex, can be dimensioned with a pressure stress significantly lower.
• the expanded liquid or the expanded gas downstream of the first exchanger will also be separated into two streams.
• One of them is under cooling only so as to be able to relax at a pressure of about 18 to 26 bar (which corresponds to the suction pressure of the third compression wheel when there are four until at condensing pressure) without gas production (which avoids the investment of a separator pot).
• These two flows actually feed the two higher pressure sprays ("HP" and "HHP"). This avoids sub-cooling these liquids to -50 ° C, which induced significant energy losses by thermal difference. In these cases, it could not get the fluid to an intermediate level because it increases the number of boxes on the exchanger.
• the present invention aims to reduce the cost and complexity of the exchange line of a liquefier.
• a method for liquefying a feed gas or cooling a feed gas at supercritical pressure for example a gas rich in carbon dioxide, in which one condensing the mixed feed gas with a cycle gas to form a liquid at the first pressure or cooling the feed gas mixed with a cycle gas to form a gas cooled at the first pressure if it is supercritical, the cooled liquid or gas is cooled at the first pressure in a first heat exchanger, the cooled liquid or the cooled gas is discharged from the first exchanger and is expanded to a second pressure lower than the first pressure to form a flow expanded, at least a portion of the expanded flow is cooled in a second heat exchanger, the expanded flow of the second heat exchanger is removed, it is divided into at least two parts, one of which first part and a second part, the first part of the expanded flow constitutes the liquefied product, the second part and preferably a third part vaporises in the second heat exchanger and the at least one cycle gas thus formed is thus
• a portion of the expanded flow cools in the second heat exchanger to an intermediate temperature thereof and at least a fraction of this portion is expanded, is heated in the second heat exchanger and is sent to the compressor or a compressors, possibly after being compressed.
• the flow rates sent to the first exchanger have a pressure greater than 40 bar.
• the cooled liquid or gas is cooled at the first pressure in a first heat exchanger only by heat exchange with only one other fluid.
• At least a portion of the expanded flow rate is cooled in a second heat exchanger by heat exchange with several other fluids.
• an apparatus for liquefying a feed gas or cooling a feed gas comprising a compressor, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger separate from the first heat exchanger, condensing or cooling means connected to the compressor, a pipe for supplying the mixed feed gas with a cycle gas to the condensing or cooling means, a pipe for bringing at least a part of the condensed liquid or gas cooled by the condensing or cooling means at the first exchanger to form a cooled liquid or a gas cooled at the first pressure, a valve, a pipe for sending the liquid cooled or the gas cooled to the valve to relax to a second pressure lower than the first pressure to form a expanded flow, a pipe to send at least a portion of the expanded flow to the second heat exchanger, a pipe to exit the expanded flow rate of the second heat exchanger, a pipe for conveying a first portion of the expanded flow constituting the liquefied product, conduits for supplying a second and
• the apparatus may include:
• the first exchanger may comprise only means allowing the exchange of heat between only two fluids, for example only two sets of exchange passages.
• the second exchanger may comprise means for exchanging heat between at least three fluids, preferably at least six fluids.
• the second heat exchanger may be connected to the pipes to cause a second and a third portion of the expanded flow to vaporize.
• the first exchanger may be a brazed aluminum plate and fin heat exchanger.
• the first exchanger may be a tube and shell exchanger.
• the phase separator upstream of the first exchanger can be eliminated, the calender fulfilling this role.
• a feed gas 1 can be a gas rich in carbon dioxide containing 98% carbon dioxide and 2% nitrogen.
• the gas 1 is compressed in a compressor C3 to a pressure of 43 bar. Then it is compressed to 80 bar in a C4 compressor.
• the gas at 80 bar is cooled in an E4 cooler to produce a supercritical gas 5.
• the gas 5 is cooled in a first exchanger E1 and then expanded in a valve 9 to a pressure of 55 bar without producing gas but producing liquids 1 1, 13.
• the compressed gas in the compressor C4 is at a subcritical pressure, it will be condensed in the cooler E4 and the liquid formed will be cooled in the first exchanger E1 and then expanded in a valve 9 to a pressure of 55 bar without producing gas.
• the first heat exchanger E1 is a brazed aluminum plate and fin heat exchanger or a shell and tube heat exchanger, for example.
• the expanded liquid is divided into two flow rates 1 1, 13.
• the liquid 13 is cooled in a second exchanger E2 to the cold end thereof.
• the liquid 13 is divided into three. Part 18 constitutes the liquid production of the process and is sent to a storage at 7 bar.
• a portion 7 is expanded to 12 bar without producing gas, heated in the second exchange E2 and sent upstream of a compressor C2.
• the remaining portion is expanded in a valve 43 and sent to a phase separator 35.
• the gaseous fraction 37 formed in the phase separator and the liquid fraction 39 heat up separately in the second E2 exchanger, which is a brazed aluminum plate heat exchanger.
• the liquid fraction vaporizes and is mixed with the gaseous fraction, the mixture being sent to the compressor C1.
• the compressed flow rate in the compressor C1 is mixed with the flow rate 7 and compressed in the compressor C2 before being mixed with the
• the other liquid portion 1 1 from the valve 9 is cooled to an intermediate temperature of the exchanger E2. Then the part is divided into two flows.
• the flow 17 is expanded to 43 bar in a valve 21 without producing gas and heated in the first exchanger E2 before being recycled upstream of the compressor C4 at 43 bar.
• the gas formed in the separator pot bypasses the exchanger E2 and mixes with the vaporized liquid upstream of the compressor C4.
• the other flow 15 is expanded in a valve 55 of 55 bar at between 18 and 26 bar, without production of gas, for example at 24 bar. Then the flow 15 is returned to the second exchanger E2 at an intermediate temperature, heated and recycled downstream of the compressor C2 and upstream of the compressor C3.
• the flow 17 is not cooled in the second exchanger E2 but is expanded without being cooled beyond the coldest temperature of the exchanger E2 until at 43 bar in a valve 21 and sent to a separator pot 22.
• the formed liquid 28 heats up and vaporizes in the first exchanger E2 before being recycled upstream of the compressor C4 at 43 bar.
• the gas 26 formed in the separator pot bypasses the exchanger E2 and mixes with the vaporized liquid 28 upstream of the compressor C4.
• the liquid formed in the phase separator 22 is divided in two. Part 13 cools completely in the second exchanger E2 and the other flow 28 vaporizes in the first exchanger E1 before being mixed at the first flow.
• the exchanger E2A To reduce the cost of the exchanger E2, it is divided into two exchangers E2, E2A.
• the liquid flow of the phase separator 35 is divided into two parts. One part 39 heats up in the exchanger E2A and the other heats up in parallel in the exchanger E2A.
• the flow 18 can be further treated by separation in phase separators P1, P2, P3 at subambient temperature.
• the flow 18 expanded in a valve 49 is sent to the phase separator P1.
• the liquid 23 of the phase separator is vaporized in the exchanger E2A and then sent to the phase separator P3 to produce a flow rate of liquid C0 2.
• the overhead gas 27 of the separator P3 and the overhead gas of the separator P1 are mixed, heated in the exchanger E2A, compressed by a compressor C5, if necessary, cooled in an exchanger 31 and then cooled in the exchanger E2A before being sent to a phase separator P2.
• the overhead gas 33 of the separator P2 is heated in the exchanger E2A and the trough liquid 36 is sent to the separator P1.
• Figure 4 shows a more complex version of Figure 3 where three flow rates 5, 7, 9 at three different pressures vaporize in the second exchanger E2.
• the first exchanger E1 contains only two series of passages and thus allows the exchange of heat between two single fluids.
• the second exchanger E2 has a gas inlet box.
• No flow sent to the second exchanger E2 has a pressure greater than 60 bar.
• the two flow rates 5, 17 sent to the first exchanger E2 have a pressure greater than 40 bar.
• H H P denotes "very high pressure”
• HP high pressure
• M P medium pressure
• B P low pressure
• the compressors C1, C2, C3, C4 can constitute stages of one or two compressors.
• FIG. 1 to 4 show the separation of a flow 1 which is introduced at the inlet pressure of the compressor C3. It is obvious that the flow can be introduced at the inlet of another of the compressors, C1, C2, C4, or even at the outlet of the compressor C4 if it is at very high pressure.
• the vaporization of the cycle liquid takes place at as much pressure as there are compression stages C1, C2, C3, C4, four of which can be an optimum.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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• 2011
  • 2011-04-14 FR FR1153245A patent/FR2974167B1/fr active Active
• 2012
  • 2012-04-12 CN CN201280018398.0A patent/CN104067078B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-04-12 US US14/111,349 patent/US9435582B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-04-12 WO PCT/FR2012/050797 patent/WO2012140369A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2012-04-12 AU AU2012241641A patent/AU2012241641B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2012-04-12 CA CA2831203A patent/CA2831203A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2012-04-12 EP EP12722405.3A patent/EP2697583A2/de not_active Withdrawn

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