EP2692952A1 - Shaft cover and method for manufacturing a shaft cover - Google Patents
Shaft cover and method for manufacturing a shaft cover Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2692952A1 EP2692952A1 EP13178572.7A EP13178572A EP2692952A1 EP 2692952 A1 EP2692952 A1 EP 2692952A1 EP 13178572 A EP13178572 A EP 13178572A EP 2692952 A1 EP2692952 A1 EP 2692952A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- manhole cover
- elements
- cover according
- rib
- manhole
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/12—Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor
- E02D29/14—Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a manhole cover according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for producing a manhole cover.
- manhole covers are cast iron, either entirely cast iron or segmented on the top surface with a concrete or the like insert. These manhole covers are highly loadable and classifiable in their load design. In any case, such manhole covers are expensive to produce and therefore expensive.
- the known manhole covers such as in EP-2 431 533 A2 are approved for their assigned load classes only as a composite system consisting of a defined iron and concrete casting. While iron casting fundamentally defines the size for covering the clear opening, the concrete takes over the filling in cast iron pockets intended for this purpose and thus forms - at least in part - the lid surface. The division into cast iron bags is made taking into account static and casting aspects. At the same time, after hardening, the concrete adopts an adhesive slip protection on the surface of the manhole cover. Due to the static and standard-related Design, which must be met for approval of the cast iron body, the manufacturing variability in the known manhole covers manufacturing technology limited.
- the present invention has for its object to provide a manhole cover that meets a broad requirement profile, but at the same time can be easily and cost-effectively manufactured.
- the present invention initially relates to a manhole cover for covering a manhole opening, wherein the manhole cover comprises a supporting structure.
- the shaft cover according to the invention is characterized in that the supporting structure comprises a plurality of rib elements, at least one fixing element and at least one longitudinal element, that the rib elements can be fixed by the at least one comb element and that the at least one longitudinal element is connected to a plurality of rib elements.
- a variant of the manhole cover according to the invention consists of the fact that the rib elements are flat and are oriented in such a way that they are in the Substantially parallel to a force acting on the support structure main load direction.
- manhole cover according to the invention consist in that at least several rib elements extend from one edge of the manhole opening to an opposite edge.
- manhole opening is rectangular.
- manhole cover according to the invention consist in that the at least one longitudinal elements runs transversely to a plurality of rib elements and that the at least one longitudinal element is fixedly connected to a plurality of rib elements.
- the at least one longitudinal element is a round bar, which is preferably guided through a plurality of rib elements.
- the support structure is contained in a tub and is firmly connected to this and that the tub with a filling material, preferably a concrete mixture, can be filled.
- manhole cover according to the invention consist in that a sealing element is provided between a contact surface of the trough and the trough, which allows a water seal and / or a fire seal.
- manhole cover according to the invention are that a closing system is provided for securely closing the manhole opening.
- the fixing element is a comb element, through which the rib elements pass, wherein preferably at least two comb elements are provided, which are arranged in the region of bearing surfaces of the supporting structure.
- the fixing element is a web which connects two adjacent rib elements to a U-profile.
- the fixing element is a tongue which is perpendicular to a rib member and connected thereto.
- inventive manhole cover are that the longitudinal elements are arranged closer to a bottom of the manhole cover and that parallel to the longitudinal elements extending reinforcing bars are provided, which are arranged closer to an upper side of the manhole cover.
- manhole cover according to the invention consist in that the support structure consists of a stainless material, in particular of a stainless steel according to DIN EN 10088-1.
- manhole cover according to the invention consist in that a surface-flush installation with a roadway is provided.
- manhole cover according to the invention are that the supporting structure without filling material fulfills a predetermined load standard and can be certified for this purpose.
- the invention relates to a method for producing a manhole cover according to one of the variants specified above, wherein the method consists in that the support structure is manufactured by means of commercially available semifinished products using sheet metal working techniques.
- a variant of the inventive method is that the support structure substantially is made by cutting and welding plate material.
- a support structure 1 for a manhole cover according to the invention is shown in different views. So shows Fig. 1 a side view, Fig. 2 a top view and Fig. 3 a section through the support structure 1 along the cutting plane CC according to Fig. 2 ,
- the support structure 1 comprises a plurality of parallel and flat rib elements 2, two comb elements 3 and two longitudinal elements 4 in the form of round tubes.
- the two comb elements 3 are fixing elements for the rib elements 2 and are arranged parallel to each other in an edge region of the rectangular manhole cover, the rib elements 2 passing through the comb elements 3 and extending from one edge of the manhole opening to the opposite edge of the manhole opening.
- the rib elements 2 are aligned parallel to a main loading direction F, wherein the distance between the rib elements 2 and their dimensions results from the maximum permissible load.
- the longitudinal elements 4 are - like the comb elements acting as fixing elements 3 - arranged perpendicular to the rib elements 2 and thereby give them comprehensive lateral stability. In the embodiment according to Fig. 1 two longitudinal elements 4 are shown. However, the number of longitudinal elements 4 may be higher within the available space, especially if so due to the maximum expected load conditions should be required.
- the longitudinal elements 4 do not extend over the entire longitudinal extent of the shaft opening, but end in the region of a frame member 9, in which lifting elements 10 are arranged for lifting the entire support structure 1 and the manhole cover and optionally a locking system 11 for securely closing the shaft opening ,
- the support structure 1 alone forms the inventive manhole cover.
- a manhole cover is used to open cover a manhole opening and allows the exchange of air between a manhole cavity and the environment, at the same time a load within the calculated maximum load of the support structure 1 is possible.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 A further embodiment variant of the manhole cover according to the invention is shown in FIGS FIGS. 4 and 5 shown, where Fig. 4 a top view and Fig. 5 a cross section along the cutting surface DD according to Fig. 4 shows.
- the support structure 1 is embedded in this embodiment in a trough 6, which makes it possible to pour out the resulting by inserting the support structure 1 in the tub 6 cavities with a filler.
- a suitable Concrete mixture In particular, a suitable Concrete mixture.
- the supporting structure 1 is fixedly connected to the trough 6, the joining taking place, for example, by welding, forming or riveting.
- Fig. 6 and 7 show the same manhole cover as in the 4 and 5 , but in the embodiment according to Fig. 6 and 7 the tub 6 with inserted support structure 1 is completely filled with a filling material. Accordingly, the rib elements 2 as well as the entire support structure 1 are cast, so no longer visible.
- reinforcing elements 12 are provided in order to ensure the strength and stability of the filling material in areas where no stabilizing rib elements 2 are present.
- reinforcing elements 12 are provided in order to ensure the strength and stability of the filling material in areas where no stabilizing rib elements 2 are present.
- the reinforcing elements 12 lead to the desired strength.
- a sealing element 7 is provided which makes it possible to seal the manhole cover, and indeed a required day-water density and / or a required fire protection can be obtained hereby.
- a suitable filling material for filling the resulting through the support structure 1 cavities in the tub 6 is to be used.
- the sealing element 7 is in the entire bearing area, i. arranged around the shaft opening.
- a sealing material is particularly suitable fire-retardant joint sealing material made of flexible polyurethane foam with acrylate dispersion impregnation.
- Fig. 8 shows a possible realization of the intermeshing of rib element 2 and comb element, wherein in the in Fig. 8 illustrated embodiment, a first comb element 3 and a second comb element 3 'are available as fixing elements.
- the first comb element 3 extends over the entire support surface and stabilizes the rib element 3 in a first comb region 13, so that the rib elements 3 do not tilt. Further, the load is transmitted to the rib members 3 on the manhole frame, whereby a possibly existing sealing element leads to a reliable seal. This particular because the manhole frame and thus the design of the tub 6 in the region of the support surface is very flat and thus forms a good sealing surface.
- the first comb area 13 is also an assembly aid in the production of the supporting structure 1.
- the second comb region 14 is formed by a second comb element 3 ', which in turn can be a flat iron.
- the second comb element 3 ' serves for further tilt stabilization and screening of the rib elements 2, wherein the second comb element 3 'is used as an assembly aid in the manufacture of the support structure 1.
- comb elements 3 and 3 ⁇ Although the in Fig. 8 shown embodiment, two comb elements 3 and 3 ⁇ , it is conceivable that only a single element is used as a comb element. In this case, the first comb region 13 or the second comb region 14 can be realized or both comb regions 13 and 14 can be realized, wherein in the latter case, for example, a composite comb element is realized.
- the manhole cover according to the invention is produced with commercially available semifinished products using the generally known sheet metal working techniques.
- sheet metal working techniques In order for shaft openings can be produced inexpensively and flexibly, regardless of the size, in particular automated production techniques are used in an advantageous manner, whereby an economical production can be further increased.
- the support structure is formed with a defined rib / plug system which is designed with respect to the main loading direction F.
- the cutting of the structure for the supporting structure consisting of rib elements and comb elements, made of sheets can be done with a laser cutting process.
- the required accuracy of fit, the nesting of the sheets (rib elements 2 and 3 comb elements) and the round rods (Longitudinal elements 4) is required guaranteed.
- the manhole cover in variants in the mounting frame during use must cause a satisfactory barrier of daytime water and / or fire.
- the support structure is sufficient to protect against corrosion. This is achieved, inter alia, that a suitable material is used for the supporting structure 1, for example according to DIN EN 10088-1.
- the manhole cover according to the invention fulfills the required conditions with regard to optimum longevity and corrosion resistance.
- the support structure 1 forms with the tub 6, which in turn made of semi-finished products (in particular cut sheet metal parts) a tight manhole cover.
- the tub 6 is considered as a lost formwork, which also absorbs the filler in addition to the sealing function.
- the support structure 1 is designed for the respective required load sizes and includes other technical facilities, such as the closing system 11 and the lifting elements 10, which are realized for example as threaded sockets for connecting lifting tools for lifting the manhole cover.
- the support structure 1 consists - as mentioned - of geometrically and statically determined rib elements and longitudinal elements made of high-strength stainless steel.
- the rib elements 2 and the longitudinal elements 4 are in a statically defined grid in comb elements 3 as Fixing elements arranged vertically.
- the predetermined by the grid pitch is dependent on the normalized or required load class, the height of the manhole cover and the clear width of the shaft opening to be covered.
- the support structure 1 is assembled from the parts, such as rib elements 2, comb elements 3 and longitudinal elements 4 and secured with defined welds. All these parts are designed statically and arranged statically favorable in the direction of loading.
- the inserted rib elements 2 in the comb elements 3 take over the longitudinal elements 4 together a bridge function to take over the load and the heat transfer.
- the longitudinal elements 4 are drawn in statically defined number by the neutral fiber of the rib plates in the solder and meet next to the power transmission, torque transfer and heat transfer and the anchoring of the filler.
- 4 technical devices - such as sensors, lighting, signaling, etc. - can be attached to the longitudinal elements.
- the support structure 1 can be used as such as a support system for other inputs and structures or as high-strength stainless rake.
- the manhole cover according to the invention can be manufactured in a technologically simple and economical manner.
- the size can be independent of an energy and material intensive manufacturing process, such as iron foundries known to be produced.
- iron foundries known to be produced thus, even small quantities can be produced economically, which also meet high standards. Due to the statically designed arrangement of the rib elements in the support structure high loads, regardless of the site of action, can be recorded.
- the filling material filled into the tub with supporting structure does not have a direct static influence on the design of the manhole cover, the filling material (eg concrete) can fully fulfill its primary property, namely the application of compressive forces.
- a concrete strength grade can be kept as low as necessary, and therefore economically, in accordance with the application and the required exposure class.
- By using a stainless support structure and a requirement-optimized filling material an optimal weather, adhesion and fire protection can be realized.
- Backfilling the manhole cover at the construction site can facilitate transport from the factory to the construction site, as this naturally reduces the transport weight of the manhole cover without filling material.
- the manhole cover therefore fulfills the tested and certified load class ex works. Due to the consistent use of stainless steel, a concrete cover problem can be ruled out, allowing for a slim manhole cover construction.
- manhole cover according to the invention can also be carried out under water (for example, also in the sea, ie in the saltwater area).
- the rib elements are made of a high-strength, tough rust- and acid-resistant steel, which has an identical corrosion behavior as a stainless steel of the "corrosion protection class III / medium". At the same time it must have a low nickel content and a balanced ferritic, austenitic mixed structure.
- the longitudinal elements and other components should - as far as possible for manufacturing reasons - also the "corrosion protection class III / medium" belong.
- the feasible large size manhole covers and the use of proven locking systems can be reliably avoided vandalism or similar unauthorized access to the manhole cover.
- the locking elements on the manhole cover can be designed as a friction lock, screw connection or according to special requirements.
- the manhole cover according to the invention can be repaired or revised in case of damage, this being independent of whether the supporting structure and / or the filling material has been damaged. Thus, the life is significantly increased.
- a destruction fracture of the manhole cover, as it can occur in known manhole covers made of cast iron, thermosetting polymer or a polyester concrete is excluded in the inventive manhole cover, wherein as the polyester concrete, the SMC (Sheet Molding Compound) production process or the BMC (Bulk Molding Compound) production process is understood.
- FIG. 9 shows the manhole cover in a plan view, with which the support structure with the rib elements 2, the longitudinal elements 4 and reinforcing bars 17 can be seen.
- Fig. 10 making a section along the cutting plane AA through the supporting structure according to Fig. 9 shows, it can be seen, in each case two rib elements 2 are connected by a web 15 which acts as a fixing element, wherein the web 15 and the rib elements 2 form a U-profile.
- the spacing of belonging to a U-profile rib elements 2 is thus accomplished by the web 15.
- the spacing between two U-profiles is achieved by connecting elements 16 for connecting the webs 15 to the bottom of the tub 6.
- connecting elements 16 for example, rivets can be used.
- a welding of the webs 15 to the bottom of the tub 6 is also conceivable.
- the connecting elements 16 are provided at regular intervals and centrally in the webs 15. Corresponding provisions are provided in accordance with the webs 16 in the bottom of the tub 6.
- Fig. 11 shows a section along the sectional plane BB, which thus transversely to the longitudinal elements 4 and the Reinforcing rods 17 runs. Unlike the ones in the Fig. 1 to 8 illustrated variants are the longitudinal elements 4 in the embodiment according to Fig. 11 closer to the bottom of the tub 6 - ie closer to the bottom of the manhole cover - arranged. As a result, loads on the supporting structure are better absorbed by the longitudinal elements 4.
- the reinforcing bars 17, on the other hand, are closer to the upper side of the supporting structure - i. closer to the top of the manhole cover - arranged and thus ensure that the rib elements 2 are held in position and that a filling material with which the tub 6 is possibly filled, can not be squeezed out.
- the longitudinal elements 4 may consist of a standard steel in a specific embodiment.
- the reinforcing rods 17 - which, as has been stated above, located near the top of the manhole cover - is preferably a stainless steel depending on weather conditions to use.
- Openings 18 in the rib elements 2 visible.
- the openings 18 are arranged at regular intervals and serve to distribute the introduced filling material within the recessed into the tub 6 support structure. This allows rapid filling with filler material.
- Fig. 12 shows a net image of a U-profile, which consists of two rib elements 2 and a web 15 as a fixing. Also visible are the openings 18 and prepared bushings for the longitudinal elements 4 and for the reinforcing rods 17. By simply bending by 90 ° of the rib elements 2 with respect to the web 15 creates a U-profile used in the support structure, as it often Fig. 10 used and connected to the bottom of the tub 6 by means of the connecting elements 16.
- FIG. 13 the tub 6 is shown in perspective.
- the tub 6 is produced in a variant alone by folding, with the starting position in the Fig. 14 shown network image is used.
- a stable and self-contained tub is obtained, in which only the U-profiles with inserted longitudinal elements 4 and inserted reinforcing rods 17 must be attached ,
- FIG. 15 a further embodiment of the inventive manhole cover, which here is a section analogous to Fig. 10 is.
- the longitudinal elements 4 the reinforcing rods 17 and the rib members 2, the latter having at the lower end a tongue 19 which leads together with the respective rib member in cross-section to an L-shape.
- the tongue 19 is another form of a fixing element for fixing the respective Rib member.
- the tongue 19 is welded, for example, with the respective rib member or in one piece by bending - as with the in Fig. 12 shown embodiment has been described - shaped.
- the tongues 19 are connected to the bottom of the tub 6, which can be done by welding or by riveting.
- the invention is based on a in the Fig. 1 to 15 illustrated rectangular manhole cover is explained, other forms of manhole covers are conceivable.
- the present invention is basically not only suitable for covering rectangular shaft openings, but manhole covers can be adapted to any shape.
- round, trapezoidal or other shapes can be realized using the invention.
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Schachtabdeckung nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schachtabdeckung.The present invention relates to a manhole cover according to the preamble of
Im Allgemeinen bestehen Schachtabdeckungen aus Gusseisen, wobei sie entweder vollständig aus Gusseisen bestehen können oder sie können segmentär auf der Deckeloberfläche einen Einsatz aus Beton oder der Gleichen aufweisen. Diese Schachtdeckel sind hoch belastbar sowie in ihrer Belastungsauslegung klassifizierbar. In jedem Fall sind solche Schachtabdeckungen aufwendig herzustellen und dementsprechend teuer.Generally, manhole covers are cast iron, either entirely cast iron or segmented on the top surface with a concrete or the like insert. These manhole covers are highly loadable and classifiable in their load design. In any case, such manhole covers are expensive to produce and therefore expensive.
Die bekannten Schachtabdeckungen, wie beispielsweise in
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Schachtabdeckung anzugeben, die einem breiten Anforderungsprofil gerecht wird, gleichzeitig aber einfach und kosteneffizient hergestellt werden kann.The present invention has for its object to provide a manhole cover that meets a broad requirement profile, but at the same time can be easily and cost-effectively manufactured.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die in Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsvarianten sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schachtabdeckungen sind in weiteren Ansprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved by the features specified in
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft zunächst eine Schachtabdeckung zur Abdeckung einer Schachtöffnung, wobei die Schachtabdeckung eine Tragkonstruktion umfasst. Die erfindungsgemässe Schachtabdeckung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Tragkonstruktion mehrere Rippenelemente, mindestens ein Fixierelement und mindestens ein Längselement umfasst, dass die Rippenelemente durch das mindestens eine Kammelement fixierbar sind und dass das mindestens eine Längselement mit mehreren Rippenelementen verbunden ist.The present invention initially relates to a manhole cover for covering a manhole opening, wherein the manhole cover comprises a supporting structure. The shaft cover according to the invention is characterized in that the supporting structure comprises a plurality of rib elements, at least one fixing element and at least one longitudinal element, that the rib elements can be fixed by the at least one comb element and that the at least one longitudinal element is connected to a plurality of rib elements.
Eine Ausführungsvariante der erfindungsgemässen Schachtabdeckung besteht darin, dass die Rippenelemente flach ausgebildet und derart ausgerichtet sind, dass sie im Wesentlichen parallel zu einer auf die Tragkonstruktion wirkenden Hauptbelastungsrichtung verlaufen.A variant of the manhole cover according to the invention consists of the fact that the rib elements are flat and are oriented in such a way that they are in the Substantially parallel to a force acting on the support structure main load direction.
Weitere Ausführungsvarianten der erfindungsgemässen Schachtabdeckung bestehen darin, dass sich zumindest mehrere Rippenelemente von einem Rand der Schachtöffnung zu einem gegenüberliegenden Rand erstrecken.Further variants of the manhole cover according to the invention consist in that at least several rib elements extend from one edge of the manhole opening to an opposite edge.
Weitere Ausführungsvarianten der erfindungsgemässen Schachtabdeckung bestehen darin, dass die Schachtöffnung rechteckig ist.Further variants of the manhole cover according to the invention are that the manhole opening is rectangular.
Noch weitere Ausführungsvarianten der erfindungsgemässen Schachtabdeckung bestehen darin, dass das mindestens eine Längselemente quer zu mehreren Rippenelementen verläuft und dass das mindestens eine Längselement mit mehreren Rippenelementen fest verbunden ist.Yet further embodiments of the manhole cover according to the invention consist in that the at least one longitudinal elements runs transversely to a plurality of rib elements and that the at least one longitudinal element is fixedly connected to a plurality of rib elements.
Weitere Ausführungsvarianten der erfindungsgemässen Schachtabdeckung bestehen darin, dass das mindestens eine Längselement eine Rundstange ist, die vorzugsweise durch mehrere Rippenelemente hindurchgeführt ist.Further embodiments of the manhole cover according to the invention consist in that the at least one longitudinal element is a round bar, which is preferably guided through a plurality of rib elements.
Weitere Ausführungsvarianten der erfindungsgemässen Schachtabdeckung bestehen darin, dass die Tragkonstruktion in einer Wanne enthalten ist und mit dieser fest verbunden ist und dass die Wanne mit einem Füllmaterial, vorzugsweise einem Betongemisch, befüllbar ist.Further embodiments of the inventive manhole cover are that the support structure is contained in a tub and is firmly connected to this and that the tub with a filling material, preferably a concrete mixture, can be filled.
Weitere Ausführungsvarianten der erfindungsgemässen Schachtabdeckung bestehen darin, dass zwischen einer Auflagefläche der Wanne und der Wanne ein Dichtungselement vorgesehen ist, das eine Wasserabdichtung und/oder eine Brandabdichtung ermöglicht.Further embodiments of the manhole cover according to the invention consist in that a sealing element is provided between a contact surface of the trough and the trough, which allows a water seal and / or a fire seal.
Weitere Ausführungsvarianten der erfindungsgemässen Schachtabdeckung bestehen darin, dass ein Schliesssystem zum sicheren Abschliessen der Schachtöffnung vorgesehen ist.Further variants of the manhole cover according to the invention are that a closing system is provided for securely closing the manhole opening.
Weitere Ausführungsvarianten der erfindungsgemässen Schachtabdeckung bestehen darin, dass das Fixierelement ein Kammelement ist, durch das die Rippenelemente hindurchgreifen, wobei vorzugsweise mindestens zwei Kammelemente vorgesehen sind, die im Bereich von Auflageflächen der Tragkonstruktion angeordnet sind.Further embodiments of the manhole cover according to the invention consist in that the fixing element is a comb element, through which the rib elements pass, wherein preferably at least two comb elements are provided, which are arranged in the region of bearing surfaces of the supporting structure.
Weitere Ausführungsvarianten der erfindungsgemässen Schachtabdeckung bestehen darin, dass das Fixierelement ein Steg ist, der zwei benachbarte Rippenelemente zu einem U-Profil verbindet.Further variants of the inventive manhole cover are that the fixing element is a web which connects two adjacent rib elements to a U-profile.
Weitere Ausführungsvarianten der erfindungsgemässen Schachtabdeckung bestehen darin, dass das Fixierelement eine Zunge ist, die senkrecht auf ein Rippenelement steht und mit diesem verbunden ist.Further embodiments of the inventive manhole cover are that the fixing element is a tongue which is perpendicular to a rib member and connected thereto.
Weitere Ausführungsvarianten der erfindungsgemässen Schachtabdeckung bestehen darin, dass die Längselemente näher zu einer Unterseite der Schachtabdeckung angeordnet sind und dass parallel zu den Längselementen verlaufende Bewehrungsstangen vorhanden sind, die näher zu einer Oberseite der Schachtabdeckung angeordnet sind.Further variants of the inventive manhole cover are that the longitudinal elements are arranged closer to a bottom of the manhole cover and that parallel to the longitudinal elements extending reinforcing bars are provided, which are arranged closer to an upper side of the manhole cover.
Weitere Ausführungsvarianten der erfindungsgemässen Schachtabdeckung bestehen darin, dass für die Tragkonstruktion aus einem rostfreien Material, insbesondere aus einem rostfreien Stahl nach DIN EN 10088-1, besteht.Further embodiments of the manhole cover according to the invention consist in that the support structure consists of a stainless material, in particular of a stainless steel according to DIN EN 10088-1.
Weitere Ausführungsvarianten der erfindungsgemässen Schachtabdeckung bestehen darin, dass ein mit einer Fahrbahn oberflächenbündiger Einbau vorgesehen ist.Further embodiments of the manhole cover according to the invention consist in that a surface-flush installation with a roadway is provided.
Weitere Ausführungsvarianten der erfindungsgemässen Schachtabdeckung bestehen darin, dass die Tragkonstruktion ohne Füllmaterial eine vorgegebene Belastungsnorm erfüllt und hierfür zertifizierbar ist.Further embodiments of the manhole cover according to the invention are that the supporting structure without filling material fulfills a predetermined load standard and can be certified for this purpose.
Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schachtabdeckung gemäss einer der vorstehend angegebenen Ausführungsvarianten, wobei das Verfahren darin besteht, dass die Tragkonstruktion mittels handelsüblichen Halbfabrikaten unter Anwendung von Blechbearbeitungstechniken hergestellt wird.Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a manhole cover according to one of the variants specified above, wherein the method consists in that the support structure is manufactured by means of commercially available semifinished products using sheet metal working techniques.
Eine Ausführungsvariante des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens besteht darin, dass die Tragkonstruktion im Wesentlichen durch Zuschneiden und Verschweissen von Plattenmaterial hergestellt wird.A variant of the inventive method is that the support structure substantially is made by cutting and welding plate material.
Es wird ausdrücklich darauf hingewiesen, dass die vorstehend genannten Ausführungsvarianten beliebig kombinierbar sind. Es sind lediglich diejenigen Kombinationen von Ausführungsvarianten ausgeschlossen, die zu einem Widerspruch führen würden.It is expressly understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are arbitrarily combinable. Only those combinations of variants are excluded which would lead to a contradiction.
Die vorliegende Erfindung wird anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen, die in Figuren gezeigt werden, weiter erläutert. Dabei zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Tragkonstruktion für eine erfindungsgemässe Schachtabdeckung in einer Seitenansicht,
- Fig. 2
- die Tragkonstruktion gemäss
Fig. 1 in Draufsicht, - Fig. 3
- einen Schnitt durch die Tragkonstruktion gemäss
Fig. 2 entlang einer Schnittebene C-C, - Fig. 4
- eine erfindungsgemässe Schachtabdeckung mit einer in eine Wanne eingelassenen Tragkonstruktion in Draufsicht,
- Fig. 5
- einen Schnitt durch die Schachtabdeckung gemäss
Fig. 2 entlang einer Schnittebene D-D, - Fig. 6
- die erfindungsgemässe Schachtabdeckung gemäss
Fig. 4 und 5 in Draufsicht, wobei die Wanne mit eingesetzter Tragkonstruktion mit einem Füllmaterial gefüllt ist, - Fig. 7
- die erfindungsgemässe Schachtabdeckung gemäss
Fig. 6 in einer Seitenansicht, - Fig. 8
- einen Ausschnitt im Bereich einer Auflagefläche der Schachtabdeckung in einem Schnitt parallel zu einem Rippenelement zur Verdeutlichung von Kammbereichen zwischen dem Rippenelement und einem Kammelement,
- Fig. 9
- eine weitere Ausführungsvariante der erfindungsgemässen Schachtabdeckung in einer Draufsicht,
- Fig. 10
- einen Schnitt durch die Ausführungsvariante gemäss
Fig. 9 entlang der Schnittebene A-A, - Fig. 11
- einen Schnitt durch die Ausführungsvariante gemäss
Fig. 9 entlang der Schnittebene B-B, - Fig. 12
- ein Netzbild für ein U-Profil,
- Fig. 13
- eine Ausführungsvariante für eine Wanne, wie sie beispielsweise bei der Ausführungsvariante gemäss
Fig. 9 verwendet ist, - Fig. 14
- ein Netzbild für die Wanne gemäss
Fig. 13 und - Fig. 15
- einen Schnitt analog zur
Fig. 10 durch eine weitere Ausführungsvariante.
- Fig. 1
- a support structure for a manhole cover according to the invention in a side view,
- Fig. 2
- according to the supporting structure
Fig. 1 in plan view, - Fig. 3
- a section through the supporting structure according to
Fig. 2 along a sectional plane CC, - Fig. 4
- an inventive manhole cover with a sunken into a tub support structure in plan view,
- Fig. 5
- a section through the manhole cover according
Fig. 2 along a cutting plane DD, - Fig. 6
- the manhole cover according to the
invention 4 and 5 in plan view, the tub with inserted supporting structure is filled with a filling material, - Fig. 7
- the manhole cover according to the invention
Fig. 6 in a side view, - Fig. 8
- a section in the region of a contact surface of the manhole cover in a section parallel to a rib element to illustrate comb regions between the rib element and a comb element,
- Fig. 9
- a further embodiment of the inventive manhole cover in a plan view,
- Fig. 10
- a section through the embodiment according to
Fig. 9 along the cutting plane AA, - Fig. 11
- a section through the embodiment according to
Fig. 9 along the section plane BB, - Fig. 12
- a mesh image for a U-profile,
- Fig. 13
- a variant for a tub, as for example in the embodiment according to
Fig. 9 is used - Fig. 14
- a net picture for the tub according to
Fig. 13 and - Fig. 15
- a section analogous to
Fig. 10 by a further embodiment.
In den
Die Längselemente 4 sind - wie die als Fixierelemente wirkenden Kammelemente 3 - senkrecht zu den Rippenelementen 2 angeordnet und verleihen ihnen hierdurch umfassende Querstabilität. In der Ausführungsvariante gemäss
In der in den
Es wird ausdrücklich darauf hingewiesen, dass in einer ersten Ausführungsvariante die Tragkonstruktion 1 alleine die erfindungsgemässe Schachtabdeckung bildet. Eine solche Schachtabdeckung dient zur offenen Abdeckung einer Schachtöffnung und ermöglicht den Luftaustausch zwischen einem Schachthohlraum und der Umgebung, wobei gleichzeitig eine Belastung im Rahmen der berechneten maximalen Belastung der Tragkonstruktion 1 möglich ist.It is expressly understood that in a first embodiment, the
Eine weitere Ausführungsvariante der erfindungsgemässen Schachtabdeckung ist in den
Die
Um die Festigkeit und Stabilität des Füllmaterials auch in Bereichen zu gewährleisten, wo keine stabilisierenden Rippenelemente 2 vorhanden sind, sind so genannte Bewehrungselemente 12 vorgesehen. Insbesondere im Bereich der Rahmenelemente 9, oberhalb derer keine Rippenelemente 2 und keine Längselemente 4 vorhanden sind, führen die Bewehrungselemente 12 zur gewünschten Festigkeit.In order to ensure the strength and stability of the filling material in areas where no stabilizing
Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Schachtabdeckung ist ein Dichtungselement 7 vorgesehen, die ein Abdichten der Schachtabdeckung ermöglicht, und zwar kann hiermit eine geforderte Tagwasser-Dichte und/oder ein geforderter Brandschutz erhalten werden. Selbstverständlich ist dann ein geeignetes Füllmaterial zum Füllen der durch die Tragkonstruktion 1 entstehenden Hohlräume in der Wanne 6 zu verwenden.In a further embodiment of the manhole cover according to the invention, a sealing
Zum Abdichten der Schachtabdeckung ist das Dichtelement 7 im gesamten Auflagebereich, d.h. rund um die Schachtöffnung, angeordnet. Als Dichtmaterial eignet sich insbesondere brandhemmende Fugendichtmaterial aus Polyurethanweichschaum mit Acrylat-Dispersionsimprägnierung.For sealing the manhole cover, the sealing
Der zweite Kammbereich 14 wird durch ein zweites Kammelement 3` gebildet, das wiederum ein Flacheisen sein kann. Das zweite Kammelement 3' dient zur weiteren Kippstabilisierung und Rasterung der Rippenelemente 2, wobei auch das zweite Kammelement 3` als Montagehilfe bei der Herstellung der Tragkonstruktion 1 verwendet wird.The
Obwohl die in
Die erfindungsgemässe Schachtabdeckung wird mit handelsüblichen Halbfabrikaten unter Anwendung der allgemein bekannten Blechbearbeitungstechniken hergestellt. Damit können Schachtöffnungen unabhängig von der Grösse kostengünstig und flexible produziert werden, wobei insbesondere automatisierte Fertigungstechniken in vorteilhafter Weise eingesetzt werden, womit eine wirtschaftliche Fertigung weiter gesteigert werden kann.The manhole cover according to the invention is produced with commercially available semifinished products using the generally known sheet metal working techniques. In order for shaft openings can be produced inexpensively and flexibly, regardless of the size, in particular automated production techniques are used in an advantageous manner, whereby an economical production can be further increased.
Wie bereits ausführlich dargelegt worden ist, wird die Tragkonstruktion mit einem definierten Rippen/Stecksystem gebildet, das in Bezug auf die Hauptbelastungsrichtung F ausgelegt ist. Das Zuschneiden der Struktur für die Tragkonstruktion, bestehend aus Rippenelementen und Kammelementen, aus Blechen kann mit einem Laserschnittverfahren erfolgen. Somit wird die geforderte Passgenauigkeit, die für das ineinanderstecken der Bleche (Rippenelemente 2 und Kammelemente 3) und der Rundstangen (Längselemente 4) erforderlich ist, gewährleistet. Zugleich muss der Schachtabdeckung bei Ausführungsvarianten im Einbaurahmen während des Einsatzes eine zufriedenstellende Sperre von Tagwasser und/oder Brandeinwirkung bewirken. Ferner ist die Tragkonstruktion ausreichend vor Korrosion zu schützen. Dies wird unter anderem dadurch erreicht, dass für die Tragkonstruktion 1 ein geeignetes Material verwendet wird, wie beispielsweise nach DIN EN 10088-1. Hierdurch erfüllt die erfindungsgemässe Schachtabdeckung die geforderten Bedingungen hinsichtlich optimaler Langlebigkeit und Korrosionsbeständigkeit.As already explained in detail, the support structure is formed with a defined rib / plug system which is designed with respect to the main loading direction F. The cutting of the structure for the supporting structure, consisting of rib elements and comb elements, made of sheets can be done with a laser cutting process. Thus, the required accuracy of fit, the nesting of the sheets (
Die Tragkonstruktion 1 bildet mit der Wanne 6, die wiederum aus Halbfabrikaten (insbesondere zugeschnittenen Blechteilen) einen dichten Schachtdeckel. Dabei wird die Wanne 6 als verlorene Schalung betrachtet, die neben der Abdichtungsfunktion auch das Füllmaterial aufnimmt.The
Die Tragkonstruktion 1 ist für die jeweils geforderten Belastungsgrössen ausgelegt und beinhaltet weitere technische Einrichtungen, wie das Schliesssystem 11 und die Hebeelemente 10, die beispielsweise als Gewindemuffen für das Anschliessen von Hebewerkzeugen zum Anheben der Schachtabdeckung realisiert sind.The
Die Tragkonstruktion 1 besteht - wie erwähnt - aus geometrisch und statisch bestimmten Rippenelementen und Längselementen aus hochfestem rostfreiem Stahl. Die Rippenelemente 2 und die Längselemente 4 sind in einem statisch definierten Raster in Kammelementen 3 als Fixierelemente stehend angeordnet. Die durch das Raster vorgegebene Teilung ist dabei abhängig von der normierten oder geforderten Belastungsklasse, der Bauhöhe der Schachtabdeckung und der lichten Breite der zu überdeckenden Schachtöffnung. Die Tragkonstruktion 1 wird aus den Teilen, wie Rippenelementen 2, Kammelementen 3 und Längselementen 4 zusammengesteckt und mit definierten Schweissnähten gesichert. Alle diese Teile sind statisch ausgelegt und statisch günstig in Belastungsrichtung angeordnet. Die gesteckten Rippenelemente 2 in den Kammelementen 3 übernehmen mit den Längselementen 4 zusammen eine Brückenfunktion zur Übernahme der Lasteinwirkung und auch der Wärmeabführung. Die Längselemente 4 werden in statisch definierter Anzahl durch die neutrale Faser der Rippenbleche im Lot gezogen und erfüllen neben der Kraftübertragung, der Momentübertragung und der Wärmeübertragung auch die Verankerung des Füllmaterials. Zudem können an den Längselementen 4 technische Einrichtungen - wie Sensoren, Beleuchtung, Signalisierung, etc. - befestigt werden. Insbesondere kann die Tragkonstruktion 1 als solche als Trägersystem für weitere Ein- und Aufbauten oder als hochbelastbarer rostfreier Rechen eingesetzt werden.The
Im Vergleich zu gattungsähnlichen Gusseisenschachtdeckeln kann die erfindungsgemässe Schachtabdeckung technologisch einfach und wirtschaftlich hergestellt werden. Im Unterschied zu einem gattungsähnlichen Eisengussdeckel kann die Baugrösse unabhängig von einem Energie- und Materialintensiven Fertigungsprozess, wie von Eisengiessereien bekannt, hergestellt werden. Somit können auch kleine Stückzahlen wirtschaftlich hergestellt werden, welche gleichzeitig hohe Ansprüche erfüllen. Durch die statisch ausgelegte Anordnung der Rippenelemente in der Tragkonstruktion können hohe Belastungen, und zwar unabhängig vom Einwirkungsort, aufgenommen werden.Compared to generic-style cast iron manhole covers, the manhole cover according to the invention can be manufactured in a technologically simple and economical manner. In contrast to a generic iron cast lid, the size can be independent of an energy and material intensive manufacturing process, such as iron foundries known to be produced. Thus, even small quantities can be produced economically, which also meet high standards. Due to the statically designed arrangement of the rib elements in the support structure high loads, regardless of the site of action, can be recorded.
Obwohl das in die Wanne mit Tragkonstruktion verfüllte Füllmaterial keinen direkten statischen Einfluss auf die Auslegung der Schachtabdeckung hat, kann das Füllmaterial (z. B. Beton) seine primäre Eigenschaft, nämlich das Übernehmen von Druckkräften, vollumfänglich wahrnehmen. Eine Betonfestigkeitsgüte kann einsatzgerecht und der geforderten Expositionsklasse entsprechend so niedrig als nötig, mithin auch wirtschaftlich gehalten werden. Durch die Verwendung einer rostfreien Tragkonstruktion und einem anforderungsoptimierten Füllmaterial kann ein optimaler Witterungs-, Adhäsions- und Brandschutz realisiert werden. Eine Verfüllung der Schachtabdeckung auf der Baustelle kann den Transport ab Werk zur Baustelle begünstigen, da hierdurch das Transportgewichts der Schachtabdeckung ohne Füllmaterial naturgemäss tiefer ist. Die Schachtabdeckung erfüllt somit ab Werk die geprüfte und zertifizierte Belastungsklasse. Infolge des konsequenten Einsatzes von nichtrostendem Stahl kann eine Betonüberdeckungsproblematik ausgeschlossen werden, was eine schlanke Schachtabdeckungskonstruktion ermöglicht.Although the filling material filled into the tub with supporting structure does not have a direct static influence on the design of the manhole cover, the filling material (eg concrete) can fully fulfill its primary property, namely the application of compressive forces. A concrete strength grade can be kept as low as necessary, and therefore economically, in accordance with the application and the required exposure class. By using a stainless support structure and a requirement-optimized filling material, an optimal weather, adhesion and fire protection can be realized. Backfilling the manhole cover at the construction site can facilitate transport from the factory to the construction site, as this naturally reduces the transport weight of the manhole cover without filling material. The manhole cover therefore fulfills the tested and certified load class ex works. Due to the consistent use of stainless steel, a concrete cover problem can be ruled out, allowing for a slim manhole cover construction.
Der Einsatz der erfindungsgemässen Schachtabdeckung kann auch unter Wasser (beispielsweise auch im Meer, also im Salzwasserbereich) erfolgen.The use of the manhole cover according to the invention can also be carried out under water (for example, also in the sea, ie in the saltwater area).
Die Rippenelemente sind aus einem hochfesten, zähen Rost- und säurebeständiger Stahl hergestellt, der ein identisches Korrosionsverhalten hat wie ein nichtrostender Stahl der "Korrosionsschutzklasse III/mittel". Zugleich muss dieser einen tiefen Nickelgehalt und ein ausgewogenes ferritisches, austenitisches Mischgefüge aufweisen. Die Längselemente und weitere Bauteile sollten - soweit aus fertigungstechnischen Gründen möglich - auch der "Korrosionsschutzklasse III/mittel" angehören. Die realisierbaren grossen Baugrössen der Schachtabdeckungen und durch die Verwendung von bewährten Schliesssystemen kann dem Vandalismus oder ähnlichen unbefugtem Zugriff auf die Schachtabdeckung zuverlässig vermieden werden. Die Verriegelungselemente an der Schachtabdeckung können dabei als Reibverschluss, Verschraubungsverschluss oder nach spezieller Anforderung ausgeführt sein.The rib elements are made of a high-strength, tough rust- and acid-resistant steel, which has an identical corrosion behavior as a stainless steel of the "corrosion protection class III / medium". At the same time it must have a low nickel content and a balanced ferritic, austenitic mixed structure. The longitudinal elements and other components should - as far as possible for manufacturing reasons - also the "corrosion protection class III / medium" belong. The feasible large size manhole covers and the use of proven locking systems can be reliably avoided vandalism or similar unauthorized access to the manhole cover. The locking elements on the manhole cover can be designed as a friction lock, screw connection or according to special requirements.
Die erfindungsgemässe Schachtabdeckung kann bei Beschädigung repariert bzw. revidiert werden, wobei dies unabhängig davon ist, ob die Tragkonstruktion und/oder das Füllmaterial beschädigt worden ist. Somit wird die Lebensdauer erheblich angehoben. Ein Zerstörungsbruch der Schachtabdeckung, wie sie bei bekannten Schachtabdeckungen aus Eisenguss, aus duroplastischem Polymer oder aus einem Polyesterbeton auftreten kann, ist bei der erfindungsgemässen Schachtabdeckung ausgeschlossen, wobei als Polyesterbeton das SMC-(Sheet Moulding Compound)-Herstellverfahren bzw. das BMC-(Bulk Moulding Compound)-Herstellverfahren verstanden wird.The manhole cover according to the invention can be repaired or revised in case of damage, this being independent of whether the supporting structure and / or the filling material has been damaged. Thus, the life is significantly increased. A destruction fracture of the manhole cover, as it can occur in known manhole covers made of cast iron, thermosetting polymer or a polyester concrete is excluded in the inventive manhole cover, wherein as the polyester concrete, the SMC (Sheet Molding Compound) production process or the BMC (Bulk Molding Compound) production process is understood.
In
Die Verbindungselemente 16 sind in regelmässigen Abständen und mittig in den Stegen 15 vorgesehen. Entsprechende Vorkehrungen sind in Übereinstimmung mit den Stegen 16 im Boden der Wanne 6 vorgesehen.The connecting
Die Bewehrungsstangen 17 hingegen sind näher zur oberen Seite der Tragkonstruktion - d.h. näher zur Oberseite der Schachtabdeckung - angeordnet und sorgen damit dafür, dass die Rippenelemente 2 in Position gehalten werden und dass ein Füllmaterial, mit dem die Wanne 6 allenfalls gefüllt wird, nicht ausgequetscht werden kann.The reinforcing bars 17, on the other hand, are closer to the upper side of the supporting structure - i. closer to the top of the manhole cover - arranged and thus ensure that the
Die Längselemente 4 können bei einer spezifischen Ausführungsform aus einem Normstahl bestehen. Bei den Bewehrungsstangen 17 - die sich, wie oben ausgeführt worden ist, nahe zur Oberseite der Schachtabdeckung befinden - ist in Abhängigkeit von Witterungseinflüssen vorzugsweise ein rostfreier Stahl einzusetzen.The
Schliesslich sind in
Schliesslich ist in
Schliesslich zeigt
Die Zungen 19 werden beispielsweise mit dem Boden der Wanne 6 verbunden, wobei dies durch Schweissen oder durch Nieten erfolgen kann.For example, the
In
Die anhand der
Obwohl die Erfindung anhand einer in den
Claims (17)
Priority Applications (1)
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EP20130178572 EP2692952B1 (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2013-07-30 | Shaft cover and method for manufacturing a shaft cover |
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EP20120178604 EP2692951B1 (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2012-07-31 | Shaft cover and method for manufacturing a shaft cover |
EP20130178572 EP2692952B1 (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2013-07-30 | Shaft cover and method for manufacturing a shaft cover |
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EP2692952A1 true EP2692952A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 |
EP2692952B1 EP2692952B1 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
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EP20120178604 Not-in-force EP2692951B1 (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2012-07-31 | Shaft cover and method for manufacturing a shaft cover |
EP20130178572 Not-in-force EP2692952B1 (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2013-07-30 | Shaft cover and method for manufacturing a shaft cover |
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EP20120178604 Not-in-force EP2692951B1 (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2012-07-31 | Shaft cover and method for manufacturing a shaft cover |
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CN108487325A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-09-04 | 北京洛科瀚科技有限公司 | A kind of filled type ductile cast iron manhole cover equipped with structural manufacturing process muscle |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE29914492U1 (en) * | 1999-08-18 | 1999-12-16 | Heinrich Meier Eisengieserei G | Hinged street attachment |
EP2431533A2 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2012-03-21 | Thomas Lorenz Industrietechnik GmbH & Co. KG | Shaft lid |
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DE202011000182U1 (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2012-01-30 | Buderus Kanalguss Gmbh | street tower |
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2012
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Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE29914492U1 (en) * | 1999-08-18 | 1999-12-16 | Heinrich Meier Eisengieserei G | Hinged street attachment |
EP2431533A2 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2012-03-21 | Thomas Lorenz Industrietechnik GmbH & Co. KG | Shaft lid |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2692951B1 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
EP2692952B1 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
EP2692951A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 |
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