EP2691784A1 - Device for measuring a supply voltage in electric vehicles - Google Patents

Device for measuring a supply voltage in electric vehicles

Info

Publication number
EP2691784A1
EP2691784A1 EP12718102.2A EP12718102A EP2691784A1 EP 2691784 A1 EP2691784 A1 EP 2691784A1 EP 12718102 A EP12718102 A EP 12718102A EP 2691784 A1 EP2691784 A1 EP 2691784A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
capacitor
voltage
sensor arrangement
arrangement according
measured
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12718102.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Helge Grasshoff
Timo Dietz
Wolfgang Jöckel
Thomas Gaertner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Continental Teves AG and Co OHG
Original Assignee
Continental Teves AG and Co OHG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Continental Teves AG and Co OHG filed Critical Continental Teves AG and Co OHG
Publication of EP2691784A1 publication Critical patent/EP2691784A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/25—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques
    • G01R19/255—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques using analogue/digital converters of the type with counting of pulses during a period of time proportional to voltage or current, delivered by a pulse generator with fixed frequency
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/10—Measuring sum, difference or ratio
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R35/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K7/00—Modulating pulses with a continuously-variable modulating signal
    • H03K7/08—Duration or width modulation ; Duty cycle modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
    • H03M1/12—Analogue/digital converters
    • H03M1/50—Analogue/digital converters with intermediate conversion to time interval
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
    • G01R1/20—Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instruments; Structural combinations of such elements with such instruments
    • G01R1/203—Resistors used for electric measuring, e.g. decade resistors standards, resistors for comparators, series resistors, shunts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/16—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using capacitive devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/0092—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/005—Testing of electric installations on transport means
    • G01R31/006—Testing of electric installations on transport means on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sensor arrangement for measuring an electrical voltage and to the use of the sensor arrangement in motor vehicles.
  • the voltage is measured via a resistive voltage divider with a downstream A / D converter.
  • the challenge lies in the requirement that the battery is charged with a current of> ⁇ when switched off. This is achieved, inter alia, by switching an opto-MOSFET in series, which separates the voltage divider from the battery.
  • the voltage divider ratio increases with increasing battery voltage ⁇ , that must in the high-voltage
  • Voltage divider ratio be extremely high, for example, 1000 to 1.
  • the invention is based on the object to propose a Sensoranord ⁇ tion for measuring electrical voltages, which is inexpensive and yet still meets the requirements of the automotive industry
  • the sensor arrangement is also suitable for measuring relatively large voltages, without having to use a cascaded voltage divider to achieve high resistances, which is expensive.
  • a capacitor is preferably understood to mean a primarily capacitive element.
  • the sensor arrangement is preferably designed such that it converts the information of the voltage to be measured into a frequency-coded or pulse-width-coded output signal.
  • the sensor arrangement preferably has a time measuring unit or is connected to an external time measuring unit with which the time for charging the capacitor is measured.
  • the electric voltage to be measured is preferably the terminal voltage of a voltage source which is connected to the Sensoranord ⁇ voltage.
  • the voltage source connected to the sensor arrangement preferably has a terminal voltage of at least 100V, in particular 1000V or more.
  • the sensor arrangement preferably has a turn-off element that is designed and connected in such a way that it removes the capacitor from the potential point of the electrical component to be measured. can see voltage, this switch-off is designed ⁇ particular as a transistor, particularly preferably as a field effect transistor, for example as a MOS-FET.
  • the sensor arrangement is preferably designed such that it has a 2-wire interface, in particular a PSI5 interface. Particularly preferably, the sensor arrangement is designed and connected so that it is supplied via the 2-wire interface at least with electrical energy and transmits the output signal.
  • the sensor arrangement is designed so that the voltage to be measured charges the capacitor via an intermediate charging resistor and the capacitor is subsequently discharged, said Trustsig ⁇ nal of the sensor arrangement contains at least the information in which charging time of the capacitor to the first defined threshold voltage, which is detected by the comparator, is charged.
  • the comparator unit is configured as monosta ⁇ bile flip-flop, which is formed in particular triggerable, particularly preferably for initialization or at the start of a measuring operation.
  • shutdown element is designed and interconnected such that at its control input or
  • Switching input or gate / base terminal is applied a second reference ⁇ voltage and the base point or source / emitter terminal of the shutdown element is connected to the capacitor and in the course of charging the capacitor approaches the electrical potential at the bottom of the second ⁇ ten reference voltage and / until then the switch-off ⁇ element separates the capacitor from the potential point of mes ⁇ send electrical voltage.
  • the sensor arrangement is preferably designed such that the voltage to be measured over a Wuge ⁇ off load resistor is applied to the collector or drain terminal of the transistor configured as Abschaltele ⁇ ments at least, wherein to the base terminal or
  • Gate terminal of a second reference Abschaltelements clamping ⁇ voltage is applied, which is in particular higher than the first defined threshold voltage, wherein the
  • Emitter connection or source terminal of the turn-off element of the capacitor is connected and connected in parallel with the capacitor, a switch which is arranged so that it can bring about a wiring, which leads to a discharge of the capacitor, and wherein the
  • the comparator unit is connected, which is adapted to detect the voltage across the capacitor and compared with the first threshold voltage, and in the case that the first threshold voltage applied to the capacitor, the switch is actuated, so that the capacitor Entla ⁇ is or can be.
  • the senor arrangement is designed in such a way that it can carry out measurements in succession in free-running fashion and for this purpose the comparator unit has a fixed hysteresis and is designed to be free-running.
  • the comparator unit is designed such that it is connected to a supply voltage, wherein in the case that this supply voltage is not availabl ⁇ bar, the sensor arrangement and the comparator are formed so that the switch is a switching state ⁇ occupies, in which the capacitor can be charged or not discharged and that the switch-off element assumes a state that it separates the voltage to be measured from the capacitor. It is expedient that the sensor arrangement itself a
  • Computing unit has or is connected to a computer unit ⁇ connected, in which the height of the voltage to be measured is calculated from the charging time detected by the time measuring unit.
  • the at least one charging resistor and the capacitor in substantially the same temperature coefficient and / or a substantially identical temperature dependence having, at least within a DEFINE ⁇ th temperature interval.
  • the sensor arrangement is designed so that it provides an output signal that each voltage ⁇ measurement encoded by a pulse whose pulse width is dependi of the charging time of the capacitor, in particular wherein the edges of a pulse of a through time points
  • the voltage measurement in the measuring device is preferably no longer via a resistive voltage divider, which must be isolated when the supply voltage from the battery, but via a voltage-frequency - or pulse width converter circuit, the liert himself in the absence of supply voltage from the voltage source or battery ⁇ is ⁇ ,
  • the voltage information lies in the frequency, which can be measured very accurately with a ⁇ . It also eliminates the need for a second A / D converter channel. In addition, it is possible to dynamically, galvanically disconnects from the high-voltage battery to the low-voltage circuit to transfer.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the sensor arrangement in motor vehicles.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the sensor arrangement, wherein the potential point 1 rela ⁇ tively applied to the ground voltage, as terminal voltage U K iemm the voltage source 6, is measured.
  • the voltage to be measured is applied via at least one intermediate load resistor 7 to the collector or drain terminal of the Abschaltelements 4 formed as a MOS FET transistor, to the base terminal or gate terminal of the turn ⁇ elements, a second reference voltage U2 is applied, which is in particular higher when the first defined Schwellspan ⁇ voltage U Re f, being connected to the emitter terminal or source terminal of the Abschaltelements 4, the capacitor 2, and is connected parallel to the capacitor, a switch 8, which is arranged such that it can lead ⁇ a wiring induced, which leads to a discharge of the capacitor.
  • the discharge of the capacitor 2 is caused by comparator 3.
  • the comparator unit 3 is attached ⁇ closed, which is adapted to detect the tensioning ⁇ voltage across the capacitor 2 and compares it with the first threshold voltage U Re f, and in the case that the first Schwellspan ⁇ voltage applied to the capacitor, the switch is actuated, so that the capacitor is discharged.
  • the comparator unit 3 is exemplified as monostable
  • Tripple formed which is triggerable, via the input trigger to start a measurement process.
  • the comparator unit 3 is designed to be connected to a Supply voltage is connected, wherein in the event that this supply voltage, for example, "ignition off" in a motor vehicle is not available, the sensor ⁇ arrangement and the comparator are designed so that the switch 8 assumes a switching state in which the capacitor 2 charged can be or is not discharged, so it is open, and that the switch-off element 4 assumes a state that it separates the voltage to be measured from Kon ⁇ capacitor.
  • This is achieved by the Abschaltele ⁇ ment 4 is formed and interconnected, that at its control input or switching input or gate / base terminal, the second reference voltage U2 is applied and the base point or source / emitter terminal of the turn-off element 4 is connected to the Kon ⁇ capacitor 2 and in the course of a
  • the sensor arrangement is designed so that it consists ⁇ output signal provides the each voltage measurement by ei ⁇ NEN pulse coded whose pulse width depends on the charging time of the capacitor 2, wherein the edges of a Pul ⁇ ses through the points in time of a trigger signal of the
  • Comparator unit to start the voltage measurement and the voltage at the capacitor to be defined according to the first threshold voltage or by the time interval of these times.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)

Abstract

A sensor arrangement for measuring an electric voltage (Uterm), wherein the potential point (1), at which the electric voltage relative to a defined electric potential, in particular relative to earth, is intended to be measured, is connected to a capacitor (2), to which a comparator unit (3) is connected which ascertains whether a first defined threshold voltage (URef) is present at the capacitor (2), wherein the sensor arrangement is configured such that it provides an output signal which is dependent on at least one charging process of the capacitor (2) and comprises at least the information of the charging time for charging the capacitor to the first defined threshold voltage.

Description

Einrichtung zum Messen einer VersorgungsSpannung in Elektro- fahrzeugen Device for measuring a supply voltage in electric vehicles
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Sensoranordnung zum Messen einer elektrischen Spannung sowie die Verwendung der Sensoranordnung in Kraftfahrzeugen. The invention relates to a sensor arrangement for measuring an electrical voltage and to the use of the sensor arrangement in motor vehicles.
Bei batteriebetriebenen Fahrzeugen ist es wichtig den Zustand der Batterie zu kennen. Hierzu zählt auch eine Messung der Versorgungs- bzw. Klemmenspannung. For battery powered vehicles it is important to know the condition of the battery. This also includes a measurement of the supply or terminal voltage.
Die Spannungsmessung erfolgt über einen ohmschen Spannungsteiler mit nachgeschaltetem A/D Wandler. Die Herausforderung liegt in der Anforderung, dass im abgeschalteten Zustand die Batterie mit einem Strom von > ΙΟμΑ belastet wird. Dies wird u.a. durch in Reihe schalten eines Opto-MOSFET gelöst, der den Spannungsteiler von der Batterie trennt. Außerdem erhöht sich das Spannungsteilerverhältnis mit zunehmender Batterie¬ spannung, d.h. bei Hochvolt muss das The voltage is measured via a resistive voltage divider with a downstream A / D converter. The challenge lies in the requirement that the battery is charged with a current of> ΙΟμΑ when switched off. This is achieved, inter alia, by switching an opto-MOSFET in series, which separates the voltage divider from the battery. In addition, the voltage divider ratio increases with increasing battery voltage ¬, that must in the high-voltage
Spannungsteilerverhältnis extrem hoch sein, beispielsweise 1000 zu 1. Dafür werden viele hochohmige Widerstände in Rei¬ he geschaltet, was teuer ist. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, eine Sensoranord¬ nung zum Messen elektrischer Spannungen vorzuschlagen, die kostengünstig ist und insbesondere dennoch den Anforderungen aus dem Automotivebereich genügt Voltage divider ratio be extremely high, for example, 1000 to 1. For many high-impedance resistors are switched in Rei ¬ hey, which is expensive. The invention is based on the object to propose a Sensoranord ¬ tion for measuring electrical voltages, which is inexpensive and yet still meets the requirements of the automotive industry
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch die Sensoran¬ ordnung gemäß Anspruch 1. This object is achieved by the Sensoran ¬ Regulation according to claim 1.
Die Sensoranordnung ist insbesondere auch zum Messen relativ großer Spannungen geeignet, ohne dass ein kaskadierter Spannungsteiler zum Erreichen hoher Widerstände verwendet werden muss, der teuer ist.  In particular, the sensor arrangement is also suitable for measuring relatively large voltages, without having to use a cascaded voltage divider to achieve high resistances, which is expensive.
Unter einem Kondensator wird vorzugsweise ein vornehmlich kapazitives Element verstanden. A capacitor is preferably understood to mean a primarily capacitive element.
Die Sensoranordnung ist bevorzugt so ausgebildet, dass sie die Information der zu messenden Spannung in ein frequenzcodiertes oder pulsbreitencodiertes Ausgangssignal wandelt. The sensor arrangement is preferably designed such that it converts the information of the voltage to be measured into a frequency-coded or pulse-width-coded output signal.
Die Sensoranordnung weist vorzugsweise eine Zeitmesseinheit auf oder ist mit einer externen Zeitmesseinheit verbunden, mit welcher die Zeit zum Aufladen des Kondensators gemessen wird. The sensor arrangement preferably has a time measuring unit or is connected to an external time measuring unit with which the time for charging the capacitor is measured.
Die zu messende elektrische Spannung ist vorzugsweise die Klemmenspannung einer Spannungsquelle, die an die Sensoranord¬ nung angeschlossen ist. The electric voltage to be measured is preferably the terminal voltage of a voltage source which is connected to the Sensoranord ¬ voltage.
Die an die Sensoranordnung angeschlossene Spannungsquelle weist bevorzugt eine Klemmenspannung von mindestens 100V auf, insbesondere 1000V oder mehr. The voltage source connected to the sensor arrangement preferably has a terminal voltage of at least 100V, in particular 1000V or more.
Die Sensoranordnung weist vorzugsweise ein Abschaltelement auf, das so ausgebildet und angeschlossen ist, dass es den Kondensator von dem Potentialpunkt der zu messenden elektri- sehen Spannung trennen kann, wobei dieses Abschaltelement ins¬ besondere als Transistor ausgebildet ist, besonders bevorzugt als Feldeffekttransistor, beispielsweise als MOS-FET. The sensor arrangement preferably has a turn-off element that is designed and connected in such a way that it removes the capacitor from the potential point of the electrical component to be measured. can see voltage, this switch-off is designed ¬ particular as a transistor, particularly preferably as a field effect transistor, for example as a MOS-FET.
Die Sensoranordnung ist vorzugsweise so ausgebildet, dass sie eine 2-draht-Schnittstelle aufweist, insbesondere eine PSI5- Schnittstelle . Besonders bevorzugt ist die Sensoranordnung so ausgebildet und angeschlossen, dass sie über die 2-draht- Schnittstelle zumindest mit elektrischer Energie versorgt wird und das Ausgangssignal überträgt. The sensor arrangement is preferably designed such that it has a 2-wire interface, in particular a PSI5 interface. Particularly preferably, the sensor arrangement is designed and connected so that it is supplied via the 2-wire interface at least with electrical energy and transmits the output signal.
Es ist bevorzugt, dass die Sensoranordnung so ausgebildet ist, dass die zu messende Spannung den Kondensator über einen zwischengeschalteten Ladewiderstand auflädt und der Kondensator anschließend entladen wird, wobei das Ausgangssig¬ nal der Sensoranordnung zumindest die Information enthält, in welcher Aufladezeit der Kondensator bis zur ersten definierten Schwellspannung, die von der Komparatoreinheit er- fasst wird, aufgeladen wird. It is preferred that the sensor arrangement is designed so that the voltage to be measured charges the capacitor via an intermediate charging resistor and the capacitor is subsequently discharged, said Ausgangssig ¬ nal of the sensor arrangement contains at least the information in which charging time of the capacitor to the first defined threshold voltage, which is detected by the comparator, is charged.
Es ist zweckmäßig, dass die Komparatoreinheit als monosta¬ bile Kippstufe ausgebildet ist, die insbesondere triggerbar ausgebildet ist, besonders bevorzugt zur Initialisierung bzw. zum Start eines Messvorgangs. It is expedient that the comparator unit is configured as monosta ¬ bile flip-flop, which is formed in particular triggerable, particularly preferably for initialization or at the start of a measuring operation.
Es ist bevorzugt, dass das Abschaltelement so ausgebildet und verschaltet ist, dass an seinem Steuereingang bzw. It is preferred that the shutdown element is designed and interconnected such that at its control input or
Schalteingang bzw. Gate-/Basisanschluss eine zweite Bezugs¬ spannung anliegt und der Fußpunkt bzw. Source- /Emitteranschluss des Abschaltelements mit dem Kondensator verbunden ist und sich im Zuge eines Aufladevorgangs des Kondensators das elektrische Potential am Fußpunkt der zwei¬ ten Bezugsspannung annähert und/bis dass dann das Abschalt¬ element den Kondensator von dem Potentialpunkt der zu mes¬ senden elektrischen Spannung trennt. Die Sensoranordnung ist vorzugsweise so ausgebildet, dass die zu messende Spannung über wenigstens einen zwischenge¬ schalteten Ladewiderstand an den Kollektoranschluss oder Drainanschluss des als Transistor ausgebildeten Abschaltele¬ ments angelegt ist, wobei an den Basisanschluss oder Switching input or gate / base terminal is applied a second reference ¬ voltage and the base point or source / emitter terminal of the shutdown element is connected to the capacitor and in the course of charging the capacitor approaches the electrical potential at the bottom of the second ¬ ten reference voltage and / until then the switch-off ¬ element separates the capacitor from the potential point of mes ¬ send electrical voltage. The sensor arrangement is preferably designed such that the voltage to be measured over a zwischenge ¬ off load resistor is applied to the collector or drain terminal of the transistor configured as Abschaltele ¬ ments at least, wherein to the base terminal or
Gateanschluss des Abschaltelements eine zweite Bezugsspan¬ nung angelegt ist, welche insbesondere höher ist, als die erste definierte Schwellspannung, wobei an den Gate terminal of a second reference Abschaltelements clamping ¬ voltage is applied, which is in particular higher than the first defined threshold voltage, wherein the
Emitteranschluss oder Sourceanschluss des Abschaltelements der Kondensator angeschlossen ist und parallel zum Kondensator ein Schalter angeschlossen ist, welcher so eingerichtet ist, dass er eine Beschaltung herbeiführen kann, welche zu einer Entladung des Kondensators führt, und wobei am Emitter connection or source terminal of the turn-off element of the capacitor is connected and connected in parallel with the capacitor, a switch which is arranged so that it can bring about a wiring, which leads to a discharge of the capacitor, and wherein the
Emitteranschluss oder Sourceanschluss des Abschaltelements zusätzlich die Komparatoreinheit angeschlossen ist, welche so eingerichtet ist, dass sie die Spannung am Kondensator erfasst und mit der ersten Schwellspannung vergleicht, und im Fall, dass die erste Schwellspannung am Kondensator anliegt, den Schalter betätigt, so dass der Kondensator entla¬ den wird oder werden kann. Emitter terminal or source terminal of the turn-off additionally the comparator unit is connected, which is adapted to detect the voltage across the capacitor and compared with the first threshold voltage, and in the case that the first threshold voltage applied to the capacitor, the switch is actuated, so that the capacitor Entla ¬ is or can be.
Es ist bevorzugt, dass die Sensoranordnung so ausgebildet ist, dass sie freilaufend Messungen nacheinander durchführen kann und dazu die Komparatoreinheit eine feste Hysterese aufweist und freilaufend ausgebildet ist. It is preferred that the sensor arrangement is designed in such a way that it can carry out measurements in succession in free-running fashion and for this purpose the comparator unit has a fixed hysteresis and is designed to be free-running.
Es ist zweckmäßig, dass die Komparatoreinheit so ausgebildet ist, dass sie an eine Versorgungsspannung angeschlossen ist, wobei im Fall, dass diese Versorgungsspannung nicht verfüg¬ bar ist, die Sensoranordnung und die Komparatoreinheit so ausgebildet sind, dass der Schalter einen Schaltzustand ein¬ nimmt, in welchem der Kondensator aufgeladen werden kann oder nicht entladen wird und dass das Abschaltelement dabei einen Zustand einnimmt, dass es die zu messende Spannung vom Kondensator trennt. Es ist zweckmäßig, dass die Sensoranordnung selbst eine It is expedient that the comparator unit is designed such that it is connected to a supply voltage, wherein in the case that this supply voltage is not availabl ¬ bar, the sensor arrangement and the comparator are formed so that the switch is a switching state ¬ occupies, in which the capacitor can be charged or not discharged and that the switch-off element assumes a state that it separates the voltage to be measured from the capacitor. It is expedient that the sensor arrangement itself a
Rechnereinheit aufweist oder mit einer Rechnereinheit ver¬ bunden ist, in welcher aus der von der Zeitmesseinheit er- fassten Aufladezeit die Höhe der zu messenden Spannung berechnet wird. Computing unit has or is connected to a computer unit ¬ connected, in which the height of the voltage to be measured is calculated from the charging time detected by the time measuring unit.
Es ist bevorzugt, dass der wenigstens eine Ladewiderstand und der Kondensator im Wesentlichen gleiche Temperaturkoeffizienten und/oder eine im Wesentlichen gleiche Temperatur- anhängigkeit aufweisen, zumindest innerhalb eines definier¬ ten Temperaturintervalls. It is preferred that the at least one charging resistor and the capacitor in substantially the same temperature coefficient and / or a substantially identical temperature dependence having, at least within a DEFINE ¬ th temperature interval.
Es ist bevorzugt, dass die Sensoranordnung so ausgebildet ist dass sie ein Ausgangssignal bereitstellt das jede Spannungs¬ messung durch einen Impuls codiert, dessen Pulsbreite abhängi ist von der Aufladezeit des Kondensators, insbesondere wobei die Flanken eines Pulses durch die Zeitpunkte eines It is preferred that the sensor arrangement is designed so that it provides an output signal that each voltage ¬ measurement encoded by a pulse whose pulse width is dependi of the charging time of the capacitor, in particular wherein the edges of a pulse of a through time points
Triggersignals der Komparatoreinheit zum Start der Spannungs¬ messung und dem Erreichen der Spannung am Kondensator entspre chend der ersten Schwellspannung definiert werden und/oder durch den zeitlichen Abstand dieser Zeitpunkte. Trigger signal of the comparator to start the voltage measurement ¬ and reaching the voltage at the capacitor accordingly the first threshold voltage are defined and / or by the time interval of these times.
Die Spannungsmessung in der Messeinrichtung erfolgt vorzugsweise nicht mehr über einen ohmschen Spannungsteiler, der bei abgeschalteter Versorgungsspannung von der Batterie isoliert werden muss, sondern über eine Spannungs- Frequenz - oder Pulsweitenwandlerschaltung, die bei fehlender Versorgungsspannung sich selbst von der Spannungsquelle bzw. Batterie iso¬ liert. Die Spannungsinformation liegt in der Frequenz, die man mit einem μθ sehr genau messen kann. Es entfällt weiterhin die Notwendigkeit eines zweiten A/D-Wandler Kanals. Außerdem ist es möglich, die Frequenzinformation dynamisch, galvanisch ge- trennt von der Hochvoltbatterie an den Niederspannungskreis zu übertragen . The voltage measurement in the measuring device is preferably no longer via a resistive voltage divider, which must be isolated when the supply voltage from the battery, but via a voltage-frequency - or pulse width converter circuit, the liert himself in the absence of supply voltage from the voltage source or battery ¬ is ¬ , The voltage information lies in the frequency, which can be measured very accurately with a μθ. It also eliminates the need for a second A / D converter channel. In addition, it is possible to dynamically, galvanically disconnects from the high-voltage battery to the low-voltage circuit to transfer.
Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem die Verwendung der Sensoranordnung in Kraftfahrzeugen. The invention also relates to the use of the sensor arrangement in motor vehicles.
Fig. 1 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Sensoranordnung, wobei die am Potentialpunkt 1 rela¬ tiv zur Masse anliegende Spannung, als Klemmenspannung UKiemm der Spannungsquelle 6, gemessen wird. Die zu messende Spannung ist über wenigstens einen zwischengeschalteten Ladewiderstand 7 an den Kollektoranschluss oder Drainanschluss des als MOS- FET-Transistor ausgebildeten Abschaltelements 4 angelegt ist, wobei an den Basisanschluss oder Gateanschluss des Abschalt¬ elements eine zweite Bezugsspannung U2 angelegt ist, welche insbesondere höher ist, als die erste definierte Schwellspan¬ nung URef, wobei an den Emitteranschluss oder Sourceanschluss des Abschaltelements 4 der Kondensator 2 angeschlossen ist und parallel zum Kondensator ein Schalter 8 angeschlossen ist, welcher so eingerichtet ist, dass er eine Beschaltung herbei¬ führen kann, welche zu einer Entladung des Kondensators führt. Die Entladung des Kondensators 2 wird durch Komparatoreinheit 3 veranlasst. Am Emitteranschluss oder Sourceanschluss des Ab¬ schaltelements 4 ist zusätzlich die Komparatoreinheit 3 ange¬ schlossen ist, welche so eingerichtet ist, dass sie die Span¬ nung am Kondensator 2 erfasst und mit der ersten Schwellspannung URef vergleicht, und im Fall, dass die erste Schwellspan¬ nung am Kondensator anliegt, den Schalter betätigt, so dass der Kondensator entladen wird. Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the sensor arrangement, wherein the potential point 1 rela ¬ tively applied to the ground voltage, as terminal voltage U K iemm the voltage source 6, is measured. The voltage to be measured is applied via at least one intermediate load resistor 7 to the collector or drain terminal of the Abschaltelements 4 formed as a MOS FET transistor, to the base terminal or gate terminal of the turn ¬ elements, a second reference voltage U2 is applied, which is in particular higher when the first defined Schwellspan ¬ voltage U Re f, being connected to the emitter terminal or source terminal of the Abschaltelements 4, the capacitor 2, and is connected parallel to the capacitor, a switch 8, which is arranged such that it can lead ¬ a wiring induced, which leads to a discharge of the capacitor. The discharge of the capacitor 2 is caused by comparator 3. At the emitter terminal or source terminal of the ex ¬ switching element 4 is in addition, the comparator unit 3 is attached ¬ closed, which is adapted to detect the tensioning ¬ voltage across the capacitor 2 and compares it with the first threshold voltage U Re f, and in the case that the first Schwellspan ¬ voltage applied to the capacitor, the switch is actuated, so that the capacitor is discharged.
Die Komparatoreinheit 3 ist beispielhaft als monostabile The comparator unit 3 is exemplified as monostable
Kippstufe ausgebildet, die triggerbar ist, über den Eingang Trigger zum Starten eines Messvorgangs. Tripple formed, which is triggerable, via the input trigger to start a measurement process.
Die Komparatoreinheit 3 ist so ausgebildet, dass sie an eine Versorgungsspannung angeschlossen ist, wobei im Fall, dass diese Versorgungsspannung, beispielsweise bei „Zündung aus" in einem Kraftfahrzeug nicht verfügbar ist, sind die Sensor¬ anordnung und die Komparatoreinheit so ausgebildet, dass der Schalter 8 einen Schaltzustand einnimmt, in welchem der Kondensator 2 aufgeladen werden kann bzw. nicht entladen wird, also offen ist, und dass das Abschaltelement 4 dabei einen Zustand einnimmt, dass es die zu messende Spannung vom Kon¬ densator trennt. Dies wird erreicht, indem das Abschaltele¬ ment 4 so ausgebildet und verschaltet ist, dass an seinem Steuereingang bzw. Schalteingang bzw. Gate-/Basisanschluss die zweite Bezugsspannung U2 anliegt und der Fußpunkt bzw. Source-/Emitteranschluss des Abschaltelements 4 mit dem Kon¬ densator 2 verbunden ist und sich im Zuge eines The comparator unit 3 is designed to be connected to a Supply voltage is connected, wherein in the event that this supply voltage, for example, "ignition off" in a motor vehicle is not available, the sensor ¬ arrangement and the comparator are designed so that the switch 8 assumes a switching state in which the capacitor 2 charged can be or is not discharged, so it is open, and that the switch-off element 4 assumes a state that it separates the voltage to be measured from Kon ¬ capacitor.This is achieved by the Abschaltele ¬ ment 4 is formed and interconnected, that at its control input or switching input or gate / base terminal, the second reference voltage U2 is applied and the base point or source / emitter terminal of the turn-off element 4 is connected to the Kon ¬ capacitor 2 and in the course of a
Aufladevorgangs des Kondensators das elektrische Potential am Fußpunkt der zweiten Bezugsspannung annähert und/bis dass dann das Abschaltelement den Kondensator 2 von dem Potenti¬ alpunkt der zu messenden elektrischen Spannung UKiemm trennt. Charging the capacitor approaches the electrical potential at the base of the second reference voltage and / until that then the turn-off element separates the capacitor 2 from the Potenti ¬ alpunkt of the measured electrical voltage U K iemm.
Die Sensoranordnung ist so ausgebildet, dass sie ein Aus¬ gangssignal bereitstellt das jede Spannungsmessung durch ei¬ nen Impuls codiert, dessen Pulsbreite abhängig ist von der Aufladezeit des Kondensators 2, wobei die Flanken eines Pul¬ ses durch die Zeitpunkte eines Triggersignals der The sensor arrangement is designed so that it consists ¬ output signal provides the each voltage measurement by ei ¬ NEN pulse coded whose pulse width depends on the charging time of the capacitor 2, wherein the edges of a Pul ¬ ses through the points in time of a trigger signal of the
Komparatoreinheit zum Start der Spannungsmessung und dem Erreichen der Spannung am Kondensator entsprechend der ersten Schwellspannung definiert werden bzw. durch den zeitlichen Abstand dieser Zeitpunkte. Comparator unit to start the voltage measurement and the voltage at the capacitor to be defined according to the first threshold voltage or by the time interval of these times.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Sensoranordnung zum Messen einer elektrischen Spannung (UKiemm) , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Potentialpunkt (1), an welchem die elektrische Spannung relativ zu einem definierten elektrischen Potential, insbesondere relativ zur Masse, gemessen werden soll mit einem Kondensator (2) verbunden ist, an welchen eine 1. Sensor arrangement for measuring an electrical voltage (U K iemm), characterized in that the potential point (1) at which the electrical voltage relative to a defined electrical potential, in particular relative to the mass to be measured with a capacitor (2) is connected to which one
Komparatoreinheit (3) angeschlossen ist, die erfasst, ob eine erste definierte Schwellspannung (URef) an dem Kon¬ densator (2) anliegt, wobei die Sensoranordnung so ausgebildet ist, dass sie ein Ausgangssignal bereitstellt, das abhängig von wenigstens einem Aufladevorgang des Kondensators (2) ist und zumindest die Information der Ladezeit zum Aufladen des Kondensators bis zur ersten definierten Schwellspannung umfasst. Connected to the comparator unit (3) which detects whether a first defined threshold voltage (U Re f) applied to the Kon ¬ capacitor (2), wherein the sensor arrangement is designed so that it provides an output signal, which depends on at least one charging process of Capacitor (2) and at least includes the information of the charging time for charging the capacitor to the first defined threshold voltage.
2. Sensoranordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sensoranordnung eine Zeitmesseinheit aufweist oder mit einer externen Zeitmesseinheit verbunden ist, mit welcher die Zeit zum Aufladen des Kondensators (2) gemessen wird. 2. Sensor arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor arrangement has a time measuring unit or is connected to an external time measuring unit with which the time for charging the capacitor (2) is measured.
3. Sensoranordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zu messende elektrische Spannung die Klemmenspannung (UKiemm) einer Spannungsquelle (6) ist, die an die Sensoranordnung angeschlossen ist. 3. Sensor arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electrical voltage to be measured is the terminal voltage (U K iemm) of a voltage source (6) which is connected to the sensor arrangement.
4. Sensoranordnung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sensoranordnung ein Abschaltelement (4) aufweist, das so ausgebildet und angeschlossen ist, dass es den Kondensator (2) von dem Potentialpunkt (1) der zu messenden elektrischen Spannung (UKiemm) trennen kann, wobei dieses Abschaltelement (4) insbesondere als Transistor ausgebildet ist. 4. Sensor arrangement according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sensor arrangement comprises a shut-off element (4) which is designed and connected so that it is the capacitor (2) of the potential point (1) of the electrical voltage to be measured (U K iemm) can separate, said turn-off element (4) is designed in particular as a transistor.
5. Sensoranordnung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sensoranordnung so ausgebildet ist, dass die zu messende Spannung (UKiemm) den Kondensator (2) über einen zwischengeschalteten Ladewiderstand (7) auflädt und der Kondensator (2) anschließend entladen wird, wobei das Ausgangssignal der Sensoranordnung zumindest die Information enthält, in welcher Aufladezeit der Kondensator bis zur ersten definierten Schwellspannung (URef) , die von der 5. Sensor arrangement according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sensor arrangement is formed so that the voltage to be measured (U K iemm) charges the capacitor (2) via an intermediate charging resistor (7) and the capacitor (2 ) is subsequently discharged, wherein the output signal of the sensor arrangement contains at least the information in which charging time of the capacitor up to the first defined threshold voltage (U Ref ), of the
Komparatoreinheit (3) erfasst wird, aufgeladen wird.  Comparator unit (3) is detected, is charged.
6. Sensoranordnung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die 6. Sensor arrangement according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the
Komparatoreinheit (3) als monostabile Kippstufe ausge¬ bildet ist, die insbesondere triggerbar ausgebildet ist. Comparator unit (3) is formed as a monostable multivibrator ¬ is formed in particular triggerable.
7. Sensoranordnung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Abschaltelement (4) so ausgebildet und verschaltet ist, dass an seinem Steuereingang eine zweite Bezugsspannung (U2) anliegt und der Fußpunkt des Abschaltelements (4) mit dem Kon¬ densator (2) verbunden ist und sich im Zuge eines 7. Sensor arrangement according to at least one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the turn-off element (4) is designed and interconnected, that at its control input a second reference voltage (U2) is applied and the base of the turn-off element (4) with the Kon ¬ capacitor (2) is connected and in the course of a
Aufladevorgangs des Kondensators das elektrische Poten¬ tial am Fußpunkt der zweiten Bezugsspannung (U2) annähert und dass dann das Abschaltelement (4) den Kondensa¬ tor von dem Potentialpunkt (1) der zu messenden elektrischen Spannung trennt. Charging the capacitor approaches the electrical Potential ¬ tial at the base of the second reference voltage (U2) and that then the shutdown element (4) the capaci ¬ tor of the potential point (1) of the electrical voltage to be measured.
8. Sensoranordnung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zu messende Spannung über wenigstens einen zwischengeschalteten Ladewiderstand (7) an den Kollektoranschluss oder 8. Sensor arrangement according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the voltage to be measured via at least one intermediate charging resistor (7) to the collector terminal or
Drainanschluss des als Transistor ausgebildeten Ab¬ schaltelements (4) angelegt ist, wobei an den Basisan- schluss oder Gateanschluss des Abschaltelements eine zweite Bezugsspannung (U2) angelegt ist, welche insbe¬ sondere höher ist, als die erste definierte Schwellspan¬ nung (URef) , wobei an den Emitteranschluss oder Drain terminal of the designed as a transistor Ab ¬ switching element (4) is applied, wherein the base is applied circuit or gate terminal of the Abschaltelements a second reference voltage (U2), which in particular ¬ sondere is higher than the first defined Schwellspan ¬ voltage (U Ref), wherein the emitter terminal or
Sourceanschluss des Abschaltelements der Kondensator an¬ geschlossen ist und parallel zum Kondensator ein Schalter (8) angeschlossen ist, welcher so eingerichtet ist, dass er eine Beschaltung herbeiführen kann, welche zu einer Entladung des Kondensators führt, und wobei am Emitteranschluss oder Sourceanschluss des Abschaltele¬ ments zusätzlich die Komparatoreinheit angeschlossen ist, welche so eingerichtet ist, dass sie die Spannung am Kondensator (2) erfasst und mit der ersten Schwellspannung vergleicht, und im Fall, dass die erste Source terminal of the turn-off of the capacitor is closed to ¬ and parallel to the capacitor, a switch (8) is connected, which is arranged so that it can bring about a wiring, which leads to a discharge of the capacitor, and wherein at the emitter terminal or source terminal of Abschaltele ¬ In addition, the comparator unit is connected, which is set up in such a way that it detects the voltage across the capacitor (2) and compares it with the first threshold voltage, and in the case that the first one
Schwellspannung am Kondensator anliegt, den Schalter betätigt, so dass der Kondensator entladen wird oder werden kann. Threshold voltage is applied to the capacitor, the switch is actuated, so that the capacitor is discharged or can be.
Sensoranordnung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sensoranordnung so ausgebildet ist, dass sie freilaufend Messungen nach¬ einander durchführen kann und dazu die Komparatoreinheit (3) eine feste Hysterese aufweist und freilaufend ausge¬ bildet ist. Sensor arrangement according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the sensor arrangement is designed so that they can perform measurements in freewheeling nach ¬ each other and to the comparator unit (3) has a fixed hysteresis and is free-running ¬ forms.
Sensoranordnung nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Komparatoreinheit (3) so ausgebildet ist, dass sie an eine Versorgungsspannung angeschlossen ist, wobei im Fall, dass diese Versorgungsspannung nicht verfügbar ist, die Sensoranordnung und die Sensor arrangement according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the comparator unit (3) is formed so that it is connected to a supply voltage, wherein in the event that this supply voltage is not available, the sensor arrangement and the
Komparatoreinheit so ausgebildet sind, dass der Schalter einen Schalt zustand einnimmt, in welchem der Kondensator aufgeladen werden kann oder nicht entladen wird und dass das Abschaltelement (4) dabei einen Zustand einnimmt, dass es die zu messende Spannung vom Kondensator (2) trennt . Comparator are formed so that the switch assumes a switching state in which the capacitor can be charged or not discharged and that the shutdown element (4) assumes a state that it is the voltage to be measured from the capacitor (2) separates.
11. Sensoranordnung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sensoranordnung selbst eine Rechnereinheit aufweist oder mit einer Rech¬ nereinheit verbunden ist, in welcher aus der von der Zeitmesseinheit erfassten Aufladezeit die Höhe der zu messenden Spannung berechnet wird. 11. The sensor arrangement according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the sensor assembly itself has a computer unit or is connected to a computing ¬ nereinheit in which from the information detected by the time measuring unit charging time, the amount of the voltage to be measured is calculated.
12. Sensoranordnung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der wenigstens eine Ladewiderstand (7) und der Kondensator (2) im Wesentli¬ chen gleiche Temperaturkoeffizienten und/oder eine im Wesentlichen gleiche Temperaturanhängigkeit aufweisen, zumindest innerhalb eines definierten Temperaturintervalls . 12. Sensor arrangement according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the at least one charging resistor (7) and the capacitor (2) in wesentli ¬ chen same temperature coefficient and / or have a substantially equal temperature dependence, at least within a defined temperature interval ,
13. Sensoranordnung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sensoranordnung so ausgebildet ist, dass sie ein Ausgangssignal bereit¬ stellt das jede Spannungsmessung durch einen Impuls codiert, dessen Pulsbreite abhängig ist von der 13. The sensor arrangement according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the sensor arrangement is designed so that it provides an output signal ¬ encoding each voltage measurement by a pulse whose pulse width depends on the
Aufladezeit des Kondensators, insbesondere wobei die Flanken eines Pulses durch die Zeitpunkte eines  Charging time of the capacitor, in particular wherein the edges of a pulse by the times of a
Triggersignals der Komparatoreinheit zum Start der Span¬ nungsmessung und dem Erreichen der Spannung am Kondensator entsprechend der ersten Schwellspannung definiert werden und/oder durch den zeitlichen Abstand dieser Zeitpunkte . Trigger signal of the comparator to the start of Span ¬ voltage measurement and the achievement of the voltage at the capacitor are defined according to the first threshold voltage and / or by the time interval of these times.
14. Verwendung der Sensoranordnung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13 in Kraftfahrzeugen. 14. Use of the sensor arrangement according to at least one of claims 1 to 13 in motor vehicles.
EP12718102.2A 2011-03-29 2012-03-29 Device for measuring a supply voltage in electric vehicles Withdrawn EP2691784A1 (en)

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