EP2691497A1 - Composition lubrifiante - Google Patents

Composition lubrifiante

Info

Publication number
EP2691497A1
EP2691497A1 EP12710620.1A EP12710620A EP2691497A1 EP 2691497 A1 EP2691497 A1 EP 2691497A1 EP 12710620 A EP12710620 A EP 12710620A EP 2691497 A1 EP2691497 A1 EP 2691497A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lubricant composition
viscosity
integer
polymer
formula
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12710620.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Daniele Vinci
Jochem Kersbulck
Martin R. Greaves
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dow Global Technologies LLC
Original Assignee
Dow Global Technologies LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dow Global Technologies LLC filed Critical Dow Global Technologies LLC
Publication of EP2691497A1 publication Critical patent/EP2691497A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
    • C10M107/34—Polyoxyalkylenes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/68—Esters
    • C10M129/74—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/18—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/24—Polyethers
    • C10M145/26—Polyoxyalkylenes
    • C10M145/38—Polyoxyalkylenes esterified
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/109—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to lubricant compositions and to methods of their preparation and use. More particularly, the invention relates to lubricant compositions that may be prepared from renewable sources and that exhibit a combination of favorable viscosity, stability, and pour point characteristics.
  • Bio-lubricants or lubricants based upon renewable resources such as seed oils and vegetable oils rather than from petroleum or natural gas, represent a small, but growing segment of total global lubricants demand.
  • Natural esters for example, canola oil
  • synthetic esters can be used to formulate bio-lubricants that conform to the requirements of the European Eco-label (European Commission 2005/360/EC). These formulations must contain certain minimum levels of renewable carbon atoms in the formulation in order to meet the EC requirements. As an example, hydraulic fluids require a minimum level of renewable carbons of at least 50 percent.
  • biolubricants need to meet a number of technical performance criteria.
  • materials that show acceptable viscosity at low and high temperatures, and have high viscosity index values (preferably greater than 140) as well as good cold weather properties, and contain a high percentage of renewable carbons have generally been elusive.
  • many biolubricants are not optimal for use in applications where these performance criteria are needed including, for instance, applications where very low temperatures may be experienced, such as with outdoor mobile equipment.
  • the lubricant composition when it contains an antioxidant, exhibits a viscosity that remains substantially stable even when the composition is subjected to prolonged heating.
  • lubricant compositions that may at least partially be based on renewable materials and that also exhibit favorable low and high temperature viscosity, exhibit high viscosity indices, and exhibit very low pour points.
  • the lubricants are well suited for use under a variety of temperature conditions, including temperatures at -40 °C and lower.
  • the compositions exhibit excellent oxidative stability, experiencing little viscosity fluctuation even after prolonged heating.
  • a lubricant composition comprising a polymer represented by the formula I:
  • R at each occurrence is independently a group of the formula:
  • n is an integer from 6 to 13
  • one of R 1 and R 2" is H and one is linear or branched Cr C 7 alkyl
  • m is an integer or fraction from 2 to 5.
  • a method for lubricating an apparatus comprising providing a lubricant composition as described herein.
  • a method for making the polymer of formula I comprising: (a) reacting a polyol and an alkylene oxide compound under alkoxylation conditions to form an alkoxylate; and (b) esterifying the alkoxylate of step (a) with a fatty acid or its alkyl ester under esterification conditions.
  • numeric ranges for instance as in “from 2 to 10,” are inclusive of the numbers defining the range (e.g., 2 and 10).
  • p in the polymer of formula I is a fraction between 1 and 5, alternatively it is a fraction between 2 and 5, or alternatively it is a fraction between 2 and 3. In some embodiments, p is 2. In some embodiments, p is 3.
  • R 1 in the polymer of formula I is H and R 2 is methyl.
  • m is an integer or fraction from 2 to 3. In some embodiments,
  • m is a fraction between 2 and 3.
  • n is an integer from 7 to 9. In some embodiments, n is 8.
  • Polymers of formula I may be prepared by a process comprising an alkoxylation step and an esterification step.
  • a polyol may be mixed with an alkoxylation catalyst, such as aqueous potassium hydroxide, flushed with an inert gas, and heated under reduced pressure in order to remove water from the mixture.
  • an alkoxylation catalyst such as aqueous potassium hydroxide
  • the pressure may be increased and an alkylene oxide introduced to the reaction mixture.
  • the addition and reaction may be conducted at elevated temperature, such as 120 to 140 °C.
  • the alkoxylated product may be isolated.
  • the polyol of the alkoxylation step may be a polyglycerine compound or mixture of compounds represented by the formula A:
  • polyglycerines of the foregoing formula are available from renewable sources.
  • polyglycerines in which p is 2 (diglycerine) and p is 3 (triglycerine) and their mixtures are available from bio-glycerine.
  • the alkylene oxide is preferably propylene oxide or butylene oxide, more preferably it is propylene oxide.
  • isopropoxide and a fatty acid or a fatty acid derivative, such as or its alkyl ester (e.g., its methyl ester), anhydride, or chloride are mixed and heated, for example to 150 to 170 °C, under an inert gas, to effect the esterification reaction.
  • Vacuum may be applied during the reaction in order to remove formed water or alcohol byproduct.
  • the temperature may be further facilitated by increasing the temperature and/or reducing the pressure.
  • the product mixture may be cooled and the esterified product isolated.
  • Suitable fatty acids for the esterification step include, for example, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, or pentadecanoic acid.
  • the methyl ester of the foregoing acids is preferred.
  • the fatty acid is decanoic acid or its methyl ester, methyl decanoate.
  • the foregoing acids and esters may be obtained from a variety of renewable sources, such as natural esters (e.g.. palm oil, castor oil, rapeseed oil and soybean oil).
  • the polymers of formula I may be prepared from renewable polyols and fatty acids (or derivatives) and may be produced to contain at least 50 percent renewable carbons, alternatively at least 60 percent renewable carbons, or alternatively at least 70 percent renewable carbons.
  • lubricant composition which comprise the polymers may conform to the requirements of the European Eco-label (European Commission 2005/360/EC).
  • Polymers of formula I exhibit highly favorable pour points, making them useful in very cold weather environments.
  • the polymers exhibit a pour point of -40 °C or less, alternatively -45 °C or less, or alternatively -50 °C or less (when measured in the absence of pour point depressants such as polyakylene-methacrylates or
  • Pour point may be measured in accord with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D97-87.
  • Polymers of formula I also exhibit favorable viscosity profiles over a wide temperature range.
  • the polymers exhibit a kinematic viscosity at 40 °C (V40) of at least 30 cSt (centistokes) alternatively at least 40 cSt, alternatively at least 50 cSt, alternatively at least 55 cSt, or alternatively at least 60 cSt.
  • the polymers of formula I exhibit a kinematic viscosity at 100 °C (V100) of at least 7 cSt, alternatively at least 8 cSt, alternatively at least 9 cSt, alternatively at least 10 cSt, or alternatively at least 12 cSt.
  • the polymers of formula I exhibit a V40 of at least 50 cSt and a V100 of at least 9 cSt.
  • Viscosity (kinematic) may be measured using a Stabinger viscometer in accord with ASTM D7042.
  • compositions of the invention demonstrate favorable oxidative stability profiles. That is, when the composition includes a polymer of formula I and an anti-oxidant, it exhibits a narrow kinematic viscosity change when heated at elevated temperature for extended periods of time. Oxidative stability may be measured using ASTM D2893B. According to the method, the formula I polymer plus an antioxidant are heated to 121°C in dry air for 13 days. The kinematic viscosity of the fluid at 100°C (KV100) before and after the test is recorded according to ASTM D7042 and the percentage viscosity change is recorded.
  • the compositions exhibit a kinematic viscosity change at 100 °C, using the foregoing test, of 8 percent or less, alternatively 6 percent or less, or alternatively 4.3 percent or less.
  • Lubricant compositions of the invention have utility as, for example, hydraulic fluids. Hydraulic fluids are used in a variety of apparatus common to industrial segments including mining, steel, die-casting, and food processing, as well as forestry and marine equipment, and outdoor mobile equipment. Furthermore, such lubricant compositions also have potential utility in the automotive segment as, for example, engine oils, transmission fluids, compressor fluids, and gear oils or as components of such oils or fluids. Skilled artisans who work with lubricant compositions readily understand other suitable end use applications for the lubricant compositions of the present invention.
  • Polymers for evaluation in the examples may be prepared as follows.
  • Alkoxylations are carried out on a 10 liter stainless steal reactor which is
  • the oxide dosing system is controlled by weight and limited by a maximum pressure in the reactor of 4.5 bar.
  • Polyol and catalyst (45 wt KOH in water) are charged into the reactor at 50 °C. In order to limit discoloration due to oxidation reactions the reactor is flushed five times with nitrogen. The stirrer is started and the speed is set to 500 rpm. Next the reactor content is brought to 100 °C and vacuum is applied (30 mbar) in order to remove the water from the initiator/catalyst mixture. The oxide feeding bomb is filled with propylene oxide (PO). After typically 1 hour flashing, samples are taken from the mixture in the reactor and water content is determined by titration. When the water content reaches the desired value (typically 1500 ppm), water flashing is stopped and the reactor pressure is brought to 1.2 bars (with nitrogen).
  • PO propylene oxide
  • the temperature of the mixture in the reactor is increased to 130 °C. After reaching the reaction temperature, the oxide feed is started. The maximum gauge pressure in the reactor is 4.5 bars. After a digest time of 5 hours (or more) the reactor content is cooled to 60 °C. Magnesium silicate (MagSil) is added (to adsorb the KOH catalyst) and stirred for approx 30 min. Typically 8 grams of MagSil is charged into the reactor for every gram of KOH catalyst. Next the mixture is taken out of the reactor and filtered using a buchner funnel and paper filter (type 604 from Scheicher & Schuell) until the product is clear.
  • MagSil Magnesium silicate
  • the setup includes a glass reactor with a temperature control unit, a stirrer, nitrogen sparger/blanket and sampling port Attached to the reactor is a dean stark that allows separating the entrainer phase from the by-product.
  • a distillation column (Vigreux column) can be placed to improve distillation efficiency.
  • a second collecting cold trap is placed after the condenser to increase volatiles recovery when being removed.
  • a vacuum pump is connected to the system and is used to aid volatiles removal process from the reaction mixture.
  • Table 1 lists polymers, starting materials, and various of their properties, which may be prepared substantially as described above. Products numbers 1-4 are representative of the invention, whereas product numbers C1-C4 are comparative examples and not of the invention.
  • products according to the invention provide a combination of excellent pour point characteristics and high viscosity indices .
  • Formulations C3 and C4 show high pour points and formulation C2 shows a low viscosity at 40 °C which is not practical for use in many lubricant applications.
  • IRGANOX® L101 as anti-oxidants (both available from BASF).
  • a summary of the oxidation method is as follows.
  • test lubricant 300ml in a borosilicate glass tube is heated to 121°C in dry air for 13 days.
  • the kinematic viscosity of the fluid at 100°C (KVlOO) before and after the test is recorded according to ASTM D7042 and the percentage viscosity change is recorded. Desirable fluids are those which show a viscosity change of less than 6%.
  • Table 2 shows that compositions of the invention (numbers 2-4) exhibit excellent oxidation stability and a viscosity change of ⁇ 6 . In contrast CI and C4 and the two reference fluids show higher values.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

La composition lubrifiante ci-décrite est dérivée de matériaux renouvelables, elle peut être utilisée dans des conditions de temps froid et manifeste une certaine stabilité oxydative. Cette composition lubrifiante comprend un polymère de Formule (I), où R et p sont tels que définis dans la description.
EP12710620.1A 2011-03-29 2012-03-12 Composition lubrifiante Withdrawn EP2691497A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201161468625P 2011-03-29 2011-03-29
PCT/US2012/028733 WO2012134792A1 (fr) 2011-03-29 2012-03-12 Composition lubrifiante

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2691497A1 true EP2691497A1 (fr) 2014-02-05

Family

ID=45879047

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12710620.1A Withdrawn EP2691497A1 (fr) 2011-03-29 2012-03-12 Composition lubrifiante

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20140011723A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2691497A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103459568A (fr)
WO (1) WO2012134792A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11680218B2 (en) 2018-06-04 2023-06-20 Tetramer Technologies, Llc Biodegradable lubricant with tailored hydrolytic stability and improved thermal stability through alkoxylation of glycerol
CA3102545A1 (fr) 2018-06-04 2019-12-12 Tetramer Technologies, Llc Huiles de base lubrifiantes a partir de polyols alcoxyles esterifies a l'aide d'acides gras satures a longue chaine
KR20230119171A (ko) 2020-12-09 2023-08-16 테트라머 테크놀로지스, 엘엘씨 글리세롤의 알콕시화를 통해 맞춤화된 가수분해 안정성및 개선된 열 안정성을 갖는 생분해성 윤활제

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1157653A (en) * 1966-06-24 1969-07-09 Bp Chem Int Ltd Improvements in or relating to Synthetic Lubricants
DE3636086A1 (de) * 1986-10-23 1988-04-28 Henkel Kgaa Fettsaeureester von polyglycerinpolyglykolethern, ihre herstellung und ihre verwendung
DE4323771A1 (de) * 1993-07-15 1995-01-19 Henkel Kgaa Grundöl auf Triglyceridbasis für Hydrauliköle
ES2274522T3 (es) * 1995-02-14 2007-05-16 Kao Corporation Uso de aceite lubricante base biodegradable.
DE19525108A1 (de) * 1995-07-10 1997-01-16 Henkel Kgaa Kosmetische und/oder pharmazeutische Zubereitungen
EP1335015A1 (fr) * 2002-01-23 2003-08-13 Oleon Esters lubrifiants avec gonflement réduit d'élastomères
BRPI0806223B1 (pt) * 2007-01-17 2018-10-16 Dow Global Technologies Inc composição polimérica e método para lubrificar uma superfície
BRPI0815926A2 (pt) * 2007-08-31 2015-02-18 Shell Int Research Uso de um luibrificante, e, processo para operar um motor a diesel equipado com um captador de partícular de diesel.
EP2439187A1 (fr) * 2008-12-19 2012-04-11 Cognis IP Management GmbH Esters d'hydrocarbures alcoxylés et leur utilisation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2012134792A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN103459568A (zh) 2013-12-18
US20140011723A1 (en) 2014-01-09
WO2012134792A1 (fr) 2012-10-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8609597B2 (en) Estolide compositions having excellent low temperature properties
US8580984B2 (en) Esters of secondary hydroxy fatty acid oligomers and preparation thereof
CN102725259B (zh) 季戊四醇的四酯
EP2539422A1 (fr) Dérivés d'estolides utiles en tant que biolubrifiants
WO2010123492A1 (fr) Esters doubles et lubrifiants à base de ceux-ci
AU2012271126A1 (en) Estolide compositions exhibiting high oxidative stability
EP2702126A1 (fr) Compositions d'estolide présentant une stabilité oxydante élevée
KR101820559B1 (ko) 윤활유 첨가제 조성물 및 윤활유 첨가제 조성물의 보존안정성을 향상시키는 방법
WO2013002910A1 (fr) Dérivés étholides utiles comme biolubrifiants
JP2005232434A (ja) 軸受用潤滑油
EP2619291A1 (fr) Dérivés d'étholide préparés à partir de triglycérides
WO2012134792A1 (fr) Composition lubrifiante
CN104093694A (zh) 混合多元醇与羧酸的混合酯
US20100317824A1 (en) Polyether derivatives of secondary hydroxy fatty acids and derivatives thereof
JP5604360B2 (ja) 潤滑油基油
JP5500977B2 (ja) 潤滑油基油およびその製造方法
JPS62241996A (ja) ギヤ用潤滑油組成物
WO2011071492A1 (fr) Dérivés polyéther d'acides gras hydroxy secondaires et leurs dérivés
CN103649040A (zh) 季戊四醇的四酯
CN103732572A (zh) 季戊四醇的四酯
US10577557B2 (en) Fluid with polyalkylene glycol and unsaturated ester
WO2024206034A1 (fr) Lubrifiants d'origine biologique
JP2023012563A (ja) エステル化合物
WO2022125081A1 (fr) Lubrifiant biodégradable présentant une stabilité hydrolytique adaptée et une stabilité thermique améliorée par le biais d'une alkoxylation de glycérol
JP2001055592A (ja) 炭化水素冷媒用潤滑油および冷媒用組成物

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20131029

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
18W Application withdrawn

Effective date: 20140612