EP2691231A1 - Intermediate layer (tolerance compensation layer film) - Google Patents

Intermediate layer (tolerance compensation layer film)

Info

Publication number
EP2691231A1
EP2691231A1 EP12711131.8A EP12711131A EP2691231A1 EP 2691231 A1 EP2691231 A1 EP 2691231A1 EP 12711131 A EP12711131 A EP 12711131A EP 2691231 A1 EP2691231 A1 EP 2691231A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
intermediate layer
adhesive
spacers
tolerance compensation
thickness
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12711131.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Christoph Martin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Georg Martin GmbH
Original Assignee
Georg Martin GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Georg Martin GmbH filed Critical Georg Martin GmbH
Publication of EP2691231A1 publication Critical patent/EP2691231A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42C—BOOKBINDING
    • B42C11/00—Casing-in
    • B42C11/04—Machines or equipment for casing-in or applying covers to books
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/14—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/10—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/024—Woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42C—BOOKBINDING
    • B42C9/00—Applying glue or adhesive peculiar to bookbinding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B43/00—Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
    • B32B2307/734—Dimensional stability
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/746—Slipping, anti-blocking, low friction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/748—Releasability
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B11/00—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
    • F16B11/006—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding by gluing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/02—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread
    • F16B5/025—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread specially designed to compensate for misalignement or to eliminate unwanted play

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to liners (tolerance compensation laminates) having a thickness adaptable by delamination, methods of making such products, and their use as mechanical structure adjusters.
  • the invention relates to an intermediate layer (tolerance compensation layer film) with a thickness which can be adapted by delamination, this product comprising an optionally alternating layering of spacers (flat material sheets) and optionally of layers of an adhesive.
  • peelable materials as washers in complex mechanical constructions is widespread, especially in aviation. These designs can comprise several hundred, even several thousand, parts, each of which has dimensional tolerances. The sum of the tolerances creates games which in some cases can be considerable and several millimeters and which must be balanced to allow the mechanical constructions to perform their functions properly.
  • liners adjustment elements
  • These peelable shims consist of thin lamellae, which are stacked and glued together so that they form a greater or lesser total thickness, and which are machined so that they adapt to the outer contour of the device to be adjusted. The adjustment is made by reducing the thickness of the spacer (shim) by peeling off one or more of these layers and inserting the shim (shim) at the point where the clearance was detected.
  • EP-A-667233 describes peelable liners (adjusting elements) comprising a series of spacers (flat sheet) between which respective adhesive layers are interposed.
  • the spacers (flat sheet) are made of metal or optionally of plastic.
  • US-A-4526641 describes a shim consisting of a stack of thermosetting spacers (sheets of flat material) bonded together by an adhesive of the same nature and characterized by a certain intralaminar cohesive force.
  • DE 602 08 922 T2 relates to a laminate (an intermediate layer) with adjustable thickness by peeling, method of manufacture and application to the formation of shims.
  • the product comprises an alternating stratification of Flat sheets (sheets) and layers of adhesive, each sheet of sheet material having an internal resistance to tearing, and wherein each layer of adhesive bonds two adjacent sheets of sheet material (spacers) of the lamination with a binding force that is less than the resistance
  • the flat sheets (spacers) against tearing which means that here the flat sheets (the spacer) can be solved by the stratification, without being torn.
  • this product is characterized in that the sheet of flat material (the spacer) is essentially formed of woven fibers and in that here the flat sheets (spacer) of each pair of flat sheets of material adjacent to a same, common layer of adhesive (the Spacer) is impregnated throughout its thickness with a mass of adhesive, which forms a unit with the common layer of adhesive.
  • the sheet of flat material the spacer
  • the Spacer the flat sheets of each pair of flat sheets of material adjacent to a same, common layer of adhesive
  • the solution of the above object consists in a first embodiment in an intermediate layer (tolerance compensation layer film) with an adaptable through layer cleavage total thickness, the product comprises an alternating layering of shims (flat material sheets) and adhesive, each spacer (each sheet of flat sheets) of a film constant thickness and the spacers (sheets of flat material) consists of at least two types of films of distinguishable thickness, which is characterized in that the material structure of the intermediate layer (layered film) has a single film of the second type with a smaller thickness on one of its surfaces.
  • each spacer is made of a film of constant thickness and the spacers consist of the same or different thicknesses, characterized in that the spacers are partially or completely connected via their end faces with an adhesive (spine gluing).
  • a further advantageous embodiment of these intermediate layers (layer products) with different, but also with the same thicknesses of the spacers, can be achieved by providing products only in partial areas of the flat superimposed spacers (flat material sheets) with adhesive.
  • Another variation of the adhesive application between the spacers (flat material sheets) may also be the bond, which also takes place in place of the bond between the spacers on the periphery, ie the end faces of the spacers (flat material sheets). All types of bonding have in common that they are crumbllösbar, or cleavable. The partial bonding allows a flexible radius design for curved surfaces, if in applications two curved surfaces must be kept at a distance. Likewise, different types of materials can be combined with a variety of advantageous properties for the application, as there would be: avoidance of
  • Spacers are provided - where subsequently tolerance liners are to be introduced, that can be out of place
  • the process for providing the spacer (flat material sheet) with adhesive by spraying, by applying by hand by means of a roller, by printing on an "offset" type machine or by immersion.
  • the adhesive is a synthetic rubber and / or a resin, such as an acrylate, epoxy, phenolic, vinyl ester or polyvinyl resin, which holds the shims together through a polymerization process.
  • the rubber and / or the resin may be provided with additives to form the adhesive, these additives being hardening and / or diluting agents for changing the viscosity of the adhesive.
  • the adhesive may constitute 40% to 60% of the volume of the product before the polymerization process.
  • the resin may be provided with additives to form the adhesive, these additives being hardening and / or diluting agents for changing the viscosity of the adhesive.
  • the adhesion of adjacent spacer is reduced by increasing the amount of the diluent in proportion to the amount of resin in the adhesive.
  • the additive can make up more than 50% of the volume of the adhesive before the polymerization process.
  • the intermediate layer (tolerance compensation layer film) according to the present invention is a time and cost-optimized alternative to known intermediate layers (layered films) of small thickness.
  • the production of intermediate layers (tolerance compensation layer films) of the same total thickness depends on the number of individual spacers (flat material sheet). The more spacers (flat material sheet) are contained with the same total layer thickness, the thinner a spacer (flat material sheet) must be performed accordingly, which leads to higher costs with smaller thickness of the individual spacers (flat material sheet).
  • the intermediate layer (tolerance compensation layer film) comprise at least two spacers (flat material sheet) of different thickness can, and thus optionally larger or smaller peeling is possible.
  • the intermediate layer (tolerance compensation layer film) comprise at least two spacers (flat material sheet) of different thickness can, and thus optionally larger or smaller peeling is possible.
  • certain very small thicknesses of the spacers (flat sheet) it is possible to peel them off with a finger instead of a tool, so that an advantage with regard to the handling of the foils can also be seen here.
  • This is achieved by the manufacturer of the finished product in advance on the side of the thin spacer (flat sheet), a small portion of the film is peeled.
  • the thin can be differentiated from the thicker spacer (flat material sheet), since by definition only the thin side is peeled in.
  • the distinction is also supported, by visual label, for example a three-line line is printed on the side of the finger lift.
  • the spacers are particularly preferably metallic foils, polymer foils, fiber composite materials, woven fabrics and / or nonwovens made of fibers, essentially glass, carbon, ceramic or aramid fibers or a mixture of different Materials among each other. These can be combined with each other as desired.
  • the intermediate layers tolerance compensation layer films
  • the intermediate layers have at least two types of spacers (flat material sheets) of different thickness.
  • the thickness of a first type of spacers (flat material sheet) to the thickness of a second type of spacer (flat material sheet) in the ratio of 10 to 2 to 10 to 7, in particular 10 to 5, that is the single Spacer (flat sheet) is half as thick as the other spacers (flat sheet).
  • the first kind of spacers (flat material sheet) so that the thickness thereof is 0.05 mm
  • the thickness of the second kind of spacers (flat sheet) is 0.025 mm (10 to 5), for example.
  • the surface between two spacers is not completely covered with adhesive, as hitherto usual in the prior art. If it is defined in the present case that only 10 to 50% of the surface of a spacer is covered with the adhesive, this means that the remaining surface areas of the spacer lie on one another freely and without connecting contact.
  • the free mobility in these surface sections makes it possible to separate individual spacers in a particularly simple manner without the use of tools alone with the finger.
  • this basic principle in the production of sticky notes (Post-It®) is realized. According to the invention, however, it is not necessary in the preferred embodiment, although possible to bond the end faces of the spacers together.
  • Another advantage of the embodiment of the invention is that you can reuse peeled liners. This is not to be neglected, especially with metallic laminated liners, since no "too much” peeling can take place since a stripped layer retains its shape and does not curl up and thus become waste. which can sometimes happen due to normal handling, which is very much in favor of the "one component” solution because you do not have to plan any waste.
  • a method for producing an intermediate layer (tolerance compensation layer film) with an overall thickness that can be adjusted by layer cleavage is to use a laminating process in which an alternating layering of spacers (flat material sheets) and optionally of adhesive is formed, whereby spacers (flat material arches) of a first layer and second thickness and at least one first spacer (a first Flat material sheet) of the first thickness on at least one surface partially or completely provides an adhesive, optionally pressed, a second spacer (a second sheet of flat material) hangs on the adhesive surface, the then exposed surface of the second spacer (the second flat material sheet) analogous to the first spacer ( of the first flat material sheet) and repeats these method steps up to the total thickness of the intermediate layer (tolerance compensation layer film), wherein within the repetition steps, spacers (foils) of the second thickness are used instead of the spacer (the flat material sheet) of the first thickness (Joker foil) ,
  • the inventive method also includes a layering process in which a fabric is selected as a spacer (flat sheet) and soaked with an adhesive over its entire surface and its thickness.
  • a further method for producing an intermediate layer (tolerance compensation intermediate layer) with an overall thickness which can be adjusted by layer separation consists, if appropriate after roughening the end faces of a layering of spacers, of providing them with an adhesive analogous to a book spine.
  • the adhesive is then cured.
  • the intermediate layers (tolerance compensation liners) are provided with different, but also with the same thicknesses of the spacers, only in partial areas of the spacers with adhesive, which is done only on the periphery, ie the end faces of the spacers.
  • All embodiments of the present invention have in common that they may also include the variant that the intermediate layer can only have a spacer (film) of lesser thickness on a surface of the intermediate layer (Jokerfolie).
  • the invention relates to the removable adjustment elements for mechanical structures.
  • the peelable intermediate layers (adjustment elements) according to the invention essentially consist of a tolerance compensation layer film according to the invention or are obtained by means of the method according to the invention.
  • the intermediate layer (tolerance compensation layer film) of this type is well suited to serve as a shim in the aerospace industry, for example for aircraft or helicopters.
  • the intermediate layer (tolerance compensation layer film) described above is particularly easy to remove, if necessary with the aid of a tool. Therefore, the individual spacers (layers) in the shape of the final product are particularly preferably cut out or punched out in order to stack them exactly one above the other. Subsequently, the layers are fixed in order then to provide the previously defined end face (s) / circumferential edge (s) with adhesive.
  • the adhesive should be elastic enough to provide mechanical strength with little footprint and to withstand handling and transportation shocks.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to intermediate layers in general (tolerance compensation layer films) having a thickness that can be adapted by splitting layers, to a method for producing such products, and to the use thereof as adjusting elements for mechanical designs.

Description

Zwischenlaqe ("Toleranzausqleich-Schichtfolie") Zwischenlaqe ( " Tolerance Equal Layer Film " )
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft im Allgemeinen Zwischenlagen (Toleranzausgleich-Schichtfolien), mit einer durch Schichtspaltung anpassbaren Dicke, Verfahren zur Herstellung derartiger Erzeugnisse und ihre Verwendung als Einstellelemente für mechanische Konstruktionen. The present invention generally relates to liners (tolerance compensation laminates) having a thickness adaptable by delamination, methods of making such products, and their use as mechanical structure adjusters.
Im Einzelnen betrifft die Erfindung in einer ersten Ausgestaltung eine Zwischenlage (Toleranzausgleich-Schichtfolie) mit einer, durch Schichtspaltung anpassbaren Dicke, wobei dieses Erzeugnis eine gegebenenfalls abwechselnde Schichtung von Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbogen) und gegebenenfalls von Schichten eines Klebstoffs umfasst. More particularly, in a first embodiment, the invention relates to an intermediate layer (tolerance compensation layer film) with a thickness which can be adapted by delamination, this product comprising an optionally alternating layering of spacers (flat material sheets) and optionally of layers of an adhesive.
Der Einsatz dieser so genannten abziehbaren Materialien als Unterlegscheiben in komplexen mechanischen Konstruktionen ist weit verbreitet, insbesondere in der Luftfahrt. Diese Konstruktionen können mehrere hundert, ja sogar mehrere tausend Teile umfassen, von denen jedes Maßtoleranzen aufweist. Die Summe der Toleranzen erzeugt Spiele, die in manchen Fällen beträchtlich sein und mehrere Millimeter betragen können und die ausgeglichen werden müssen, um es den mechanischen Konstruktionen zu erlauben, ihre Funktionen ordnungsgemäß zu erfüllen. Zu diesem Zweck werden Zwischenlagen (Einstellelemente) aus metallischen oder polymeren Materialien verwendet, die in den meisten Fällen abziehbar sind. Diese abziehbaren Zwischenlagen (Ausgleichsscheiben) bestehen aus dünnen Lamellen, die übereinander geschichtet und so miteinander verklebt sind, dass sie eine mehr oder weniger große Gesamtdicke bilden, und die so bearbeitet sind, dass sie sich an die Außenkontur der zu justierenden Einrichtung anpassen. Die Einstellung erfolgt durch Verringerung der Dicke der Zwischenlage (Ausgleichsscheibe), indem eine oder mehrere dieser Schichten abgezogen werden und die Zwischenlage (Ausgleichsscheibe) an der Stelle eingesetzt wird, an der das Spiel festgestellt wurde. The use of these so-called peelable materials as washers in complex mechanical constructions is widespread, especially in aviation. These designs can comprise several hundred, even several thousand, parts, each of which has dimensional tolerances. The sum of the tolerances creates games which in some cases can be considerable and several millimeters and which must be balanced to allow the mechanical constructions to perform their functions properly. For this purpose, liners (adjustment elements) of metallic or polymeric materials are used, which are removable in most cases. These peelable shims (shims) consist of thin lamellae, which are stacked and glued together so that they form a greater or lesser total thickness, and which are machined so that they adapt to the outer contour of the device to be adjusted. The adjustment is made by reducing the thickness of the spacer (shim) by peeling off one or more of these layers and inserting the shim (shim) at the point where the clearance was detected.
EP-A-667233 beschreibt abziehbare Zwischenlagen (Einstellelemente), die eine Reihe von Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbogen) umfasst, zwischen denen jeweils Klebstoffschichten eingefügt sind. Die Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbogen) sind aus Metall oder gegebenenfalls aus Kunststoff. EP-A-667233 describes peelable liners (adjusting elements) comprising a series of spacers (flat sheet) between which respective adhesive layers are interposed. The spacers (flat sheet) are made of metal or optionally of plastic.
US-A-4526641 beschreibt eine Zwischenlage (Einstellscheibe), die aus einer Schichtung von wärmeaushärtenden Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbogen) besteht, die mittels eines Klebstoffs gleicher Beschaffenheit miteinander verbunden sind und die durch eine gewisse intralaminare Kohäsionskraft gekennzeichnet sind. US-A-4526641 describes a shim consisting of a stack of thermosetting spacers (sheets of flat material) bonded together by an adhesive of the same nature and characterized by a certain intralaminar cohesive force.
DE 602 08 922 T2 betrifft einen Schichtstoff (eine Zwischenlage) mit einstellbarer Dicke durch Abschälen, Verfahren zur Herstellung und Anwendung zur Bildung von Ausgleichsscheiben. Zu diesem Zwecke umfasst das Erzeugnis eine abwechselnde Schichtung von Flachmaterialbögen (Distanzscheiben) und von Schichten eines Klebstoffs, wobei jeder Flachmaterialbögen (Distanzscheibe) einen inneren Widerstand gegen das Zerreißen aufweist und wobei jede Schicht von Klebstoff zwei aneinander angrenzende Flachmaterialbögen (Distanzscheiben) der Schichtung mit einer Bindungskraft verbindet, die geringer ist, als der Widerstand der Flachmaterialbögen (Distanzscheiben) gegen das Zerreißen, was dazu führt, dass hier der Flachmaterialbögen (die Distanzscheibe) von der Schichtung gelöst werden kann, ohne dass er zerreißt. Dieses Erzeugnis ist im Wesentlichen dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass hier der Flachmaterialbögen (die Distanzscheibe) im Wesentlichen aus Webfasern gebildet wird, und dadurch, dass hier der Flachmaterialbögen (die Distanzscheibe) eines jeden Paares von an eine selbe, gemeinsame Schicht von Klebstoff angrenzenden Flachmaterialbögen (die Distanzscheibe) auf seiner gesamten Dicke mit einer Masse von Klebstoff getränkt ist, die mit der gemeinsamen Schicht von Klebstoff eine Einheit bildet. Insoweit wird in vollem Umfang auf die Offenbarung dieses Dokuments Bezug genommen. DE 602 08 922 T2 relates to a laminate (an intermediate layer) with adjustable thickness by peeling, method of manufacture and application to the formation of shims. For this purpose, the product comprises an alternating stratification of Flat sheets (sheets) and layers of adhesive, each sheet of sheet material having an internal resistance to tearing, and wherein each layer of adhesive bonds two adjacent sheets of sheet material (spacers) of the lamination with a binding force that is less than the resistance The flat sheets (spacers) against tearing, which means that here the flat sheets (the spacer) can be solved by the stratification, without being torn. In essence, this product is characterized in that the sheet of flat material (the spacer) is essentially formed of woven fibers and in that here the flat sheets (spacer) of each pair of flat sheets of material adjacent to a same, common layer of adhesive (the Spacer) is impregnated throughout its thickness with a mass of adhesive, which forms a unit with the common layer of adhesive. In that regard, reference is made in its entirety to the disclosure of this document.
Von der Firma Jicey und Lameco werden Zwischenlagen (Toleranzausgleichs-Schichtfolien) vorgeschlagen, die farblich unterscheidbare Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbögen) zweier verschiedener Dicken aufweisen. By the company Jicey and Lameco intermediate layers (tolerance compensation layer films) are proposed, which have different color spacers (flat material sheets) of two different thicknesses.
Dem vorgenannten Stand der Technik ist gemeinsam, dass die einzelnen Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbögen), egal ob diese aus Metall, Polymerfolie oder einem Gewebe bestehen, in einem gegebenen System meist die gleiche Dicke aufweisen Die Kombination einer Vielzahl von Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbögen) einer ersten Dicke mit einer Vielzahl von Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbögen) einer zweiten Dicke ist nur mit erheblichem Kostenaufwand herstellbar. In der Praxis stellt sich jedoch heraus, dass der Abtrag einer Foliendicke des Distanzscheibe (Flachmaterialbogens) zu viel wäre, so dass auch eine geringere Dicke von beispielsweise der Hälfte der Dicke ausreichend wäre. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es eine erste Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine preisgünstige, besonders drucksteife und einfach handzuhabende Zwischenlage (Toleranzausgleich-Schichtfolie) vorzuschlagen, die die oben beschriebenen Schwierigkeiten beseitigt. Common to the aforementioned prior art is that the individual spacers (flat material sheets), whether these consist of metal, polymer film or a fabric, usually have the same thickness in a given system. The combination of a plurality of spacers (flat material sheets) of a first thickness with a plurality of spacers (flat material sheets) of a second thickness can be produced only at considerable expense. In practice, however, it turns out that the removal of a film thickness of the spacer (flat sheet) would be too much, so that a smaller thickness of, for example, half of the thickness would be sufficient. In this context, it is a first object of the invention to provide a low-cost, particularly pressure-resistant and easy-to-handle intermediate layer (tolerance compensation layer film) which eliminates the difficulties described above.
Die Lösung der vorgenannten Aufgabe besteht in einer ersten Ausführungsform in einer Zwischenlage (Toleranzausgleich-Schichtfolie) mit einer durch Schichtspaltung anpassbaren Gesamtdicke, wobei das Erzeugnis eine abwechselnde Schichtung von Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbögen) und Klebstoff umfasst, wobei jede Distanzscheibe (jeder Flachmaterialbögen) aus einer Folie konstanter Dicke besteht und die Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbögen) aus wenigstens zwei Sorten Folien unterscheidbarer Dicke besteht, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass der Materialaufbau der Zwischenlage (Schichtfolie) eine einzige Folie der zweiten Sorte mit geringerer Dicke an einer seiner Oberflächen aufweist. The solution of the above object consists in a first embodiment in an intermediate layer (tolerance compensation layer film) with an adaptable through layer cleavage total thickness, the product comprises an alternating layering of shims (flat material sheets) and adhesive, each spacer (each sheet of flat sheets) of a film constant thickness and the spacers (sheets of flat material) consists of at least two types of films of distinguishable thickness, which is characterized in that the material structure of the intermediate layer (layered film) has a single film of the second type with a smaller thickness on one of its surfaces.
In der Praxis stellt sich jedoch heraus, dass die vollflächige Verklebung zwischen den Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbögen) von Nachteil ist, wenn die Zwischenlagen (Toleranzausgleich-Zwischenlagen) zwischen zwei gekrümmten Bauteilen eingesetzt werden. Die vollflächige Verklebung ist darüber hinaus beim Abschälen einzelner Distanzscheiben von Nachteil, da hier in der Regel Werkzeug benutzt werden muss. Weiterhin nachteilig ist, dass bei metallischen Zwischenlagen (Toleranzausgleich-Zwischenlagen) die abgezogenen Lagen sich zusammenrollen und sofort zu Ausschuss werden und somit das Risiko darstellen, die gesamte Zwischenlage Ausschuss werden zu lassen, wenn man zu viel abzieht. In practice, however, it turns out that the full-surface bonding between the spacers (flat material sheets) is disadvantageous when the intermediate layers (tolerance compensation liners) are inserted between two curved components. The full-surface bonding is beyond the peeling of individual spacers of disadvantage, since usually tool must be used. Another disadvantage is that in metallic Liners (tolerance compensation liners) the peeled layers will curl up and immediately become scrap and thus pose the risk of letting the entire liner waste too much.
Die Lösung der vorgenannten Aufgabe besteht in einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform in einer Zwischenlage (Toleranzausgleich-Zwischenlage) mit einer durch Schichttrennung anpassbaren Gesamtdicke einer Schichtung von Distanzscheiben, wobei jede Distanzscheibe aus einer Folie konstanter Dicke besteht und die Distanzscheiben aus gleichen oder unterschiedlichen Dicken bestehen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Distanzscheiben teilweise oder vollständig über ihre Stirnflächen mit einem Klebstoff verbunden sind (Buchrückenverklebung). The solution of the aforementioned object consists in an embodiment according to the invention in an intermediate layer (tolerance compensation intermediate layer) with an adaptable by layer separation total thickness of a layering of spacers, each spacer is made of a film of constant thickness and the spacers consist of the same or different thicknesses, characterized in that the spacers are partially or completely connected via their end faces with an adhesive (spine gluing).
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung dieser Zwischenlagen (Schichtprodukte) mit unterschiedlichen, aber auch mit gleichen Dicken der Distanzscheiben, kann erzielt werden, indem Produkte nur in Teilbereichen der flächig aufeinander liegenden Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbögen) mit Klebstoff versehen werden. A further advantageous embodiment of these intermediate layers (layer products) with different, but also with the same thicknesses of the spacers, can be achieved by providing products only in partial areas of the flat superimposed spacers (flat material sheets) with adhesive.
Eine weitere Variation zu dem Klebstoffauftrag zwischen den Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbögen) kann auch die Verklebung sein, die anstelle der Verklebung zwischen den Distanzscheiben auch zusätzlich am Umfang, also den Stirnflächen der Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbögen), erfolgt. Allen Verklebungsarten ist gemein, dass sie wiederlösbar, bzw. spaltbar sind. Die teilweise Verklebung ermöglicht eine flexible Radiengestaltung für kurvige Oberflächen, sofern in Applikationen zwei gekrümmte Flächen auf Abstand gehalten werden müssen. Ebenso können unterschiedliche Materialarten verbunden werden mit unterschiedlichsten vorteilhaften Eigenschaften für die Anwendung, als da wären : Vermeidung von Another variation of the adhesive application between the spacers (flat material sheets) may also be the bond, which also takes place in place of the bond between the spacers on the periphery, ie the end faces of the spacers (flat material sheets). All types of bonding have in common that they are wiederlösbar, or cleavable. The partial bonding allows a flexible radius design for curved surfaces, if in applications two curved surfaces must be kept at a distance. Likewise, different types of materials can be combined with a variety of advantageous properties for the application, as there would be: avoidance of
Kontaktkorrosion, Einbringen von Gleitschichten, Integrieren von dickeren Distanzscheiben (Zwischenmaterialbögen), die Steifigkeit und höhere Druckfestigkeiten einbringen und Kostenvorteile bieten, indem die Anzahl von Schichten verringert wird. Contact corrosion, incorporation of overlays, incorporation of thicker shims (intermediate material sheets) that introduce rigidity and higher compressive strengths and provide cost benefits by reducing the number of layers.
Besonders die Erhöhung der Drucksteifigkeit in einer Zwischenlage ohne soliden, dickeren Kern zu erreichen, kann sehr vorteilhaft sein, beispielsweise, aus einem Aufbau vieler Schichten in Kombination mit einigen wenigen dünnen, zum Beispiel 2mm = sechs mal 0,3mm plus zwei mal 0,1mm; da dann die Konstruktion der Zwischenlage keinen Mindestabstand in der Höhe des soliden Anteils einkalkulieren muss. Sondern es kann platzsparend aber drucksteif vollgeschichtet In particular, increasing the compressive stiffness in an intermediate layer without a solid, thicker core can be very advantageous, for example, from a construction of many layers in combination with a few thin ones, for example 2mm = six times 0.3mm plus two times 0.1mm ; because then the construction of the intermediate layer must take into account no minimum distance in the amount of the solid share. But it can be space-saving but fully compressed
konstruiert werden. Gerade in der Verbesserung von bestehenden Konstruktionen - wo beispielsweise noch zu schleifende be constructed. Especially in the improvement of existing constructions - where, for example, still to be sanded
Distanzelemente vorgesehen sind - , wo nachträglich Toleranz- Zwischenlagen eingebracht werden sollen, kann das von Platz Spacers are provided - where subsequently tolerance liners are to be introduced, that can be out of place
sparendem Vorteil sein. saving advantage.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kann der Vorgang zum Versehen der Distanzscheibe (Flachmaterialbogen) mit Kleber durch Zerstäuben, durch Aufbringen per Hand mittels einer Walze, durch Bedrucken auf einer Maschine vom Typ "Offset" oder durch Eintauchen erfolgen. In einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform handelt es sich bei dem Klebstoff einen synthetischen Kautschuk und/oder um ein Harz, beispielsweise um ein Acrylat-, Epoxid-, Phenol-, Vinylester- oder Polyvinylharz, der/das die Distanzscheiben durch einen Polymerisationsvorgang zusammenhält. According to an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the process for providing the spacer (flat material sheet) with adhesive by spraying, by applying by hand by means of a roller, by printing on an "offset" type machine or by immersion. In one embodiment of the invention, the adhesive is a synthetic rubber and / or a resin, such as an acrylate, epoxy, phenolic, vinyl ester or polyvinyl resin, which holds the shims together through a polymerization process.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des neuerungsgemäßen Erzeugnisses kann der Kautschuk und/oder das Harz mit Zusätzen versehen werden, um den Klebstoff zu bilden, wobei es sich bei diesen Zusätzen um Härte- und/oder Verdünnungsmittel zur Änderung der Viskosität des Klebstoffs handelt. According to an advantageous embodiment of the product according to the invention, the rubber and / or the resin may be provided with additives to form the adhesive, these additives being hardening and / or diluting agents for changing the viscosity of the adhesive.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Erzeugnisses kann der Klebstoff 40% bis 60% des Volumens des Erzeugnisses vor dem Polymerisationsvorgang ausmachen. According to an advantageous embodiment of the product according to the invention, the adhesive may constitute 40% to 60% of the volume of the product before the polymerization process.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Erzeugnisses kann das Harz mit Zusätzen versehen werden, um den Klebstoff zu bilden, wobei es sich bei diesen Zusätzen um Härte- und/oder Verdünnungsmittel zur Änderung der Viskosität des Klebstoffs handelt. According to an advantageous embodiment of the product according to the invention, the resin may be provided with additives to form the adhesive, these additives being hardening and / or diluting agents for changing the viscosity of the adhesive.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Erzeugnisses wird die Haftung aneinander angrenzender Distanzscheibe (Flachmaterialbogen) durch Erhöhung der Menge des Verdünnungsmittels im Verhältnis zur Menge des Harzes im Klebstoff verringert. Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Erzeugnisses kann der Zusatz mehr als 50% des Volumens des Klebstoffs vor dem Polymerisationsvorgang ausmachen. According to an advantageous embodiment of the product according to the invention the adhesion of adjacent spacer (flat sheet) is reduced by increasing the amount of the diluent in proportion to the amount of resin in the adhesive. According to an advantageous embodiment of the product according to the invention, the additive can make up more than 50% of the volume of the adhesive before the polymerization process.
Die erfindungsgemäße Zwischenlage (Toleranzausgleich-Schichtfolie) gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine zeit- und kostenoptimierte Alternative zu bekannten Zwischenlagen (Schichtfolien) geringer Dicke. Naturgemäß ist die Herstellung von Zwischenlagen (Toleranzausgleich- Schichtfolien) gleicher Gesamtdicke von der Anzahl der einzelnen Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbogen) abhängig. Je mehr Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbogen) bei gleicher Gesamtschichtdicke enthalten sind, desto dünner muss entsprechend eine Distanzscheibe (Flachmaterialbogen) ausgeführt werden, was bei geringerer Dicke der einzelnen Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbogen) zu höheren Kosten führt. The intermediate layer (tolerance compensation layer film) according to the present invention is a time and cost-optimized alternative to known intermediate layers (layered films) of small thickness. Naturally, the production of intermediate layers (tolerance compensation layer films) of the same total thickness depends on the number of individual spacers (flat material sheet). The more spacers (flat material sheet) are contained with the same total layer thickness, the thinner a spacer (flat material sheet) must be performed accordingly, which leads to higher costs with smaller thickness of the individual spacers (flat material sheet).
Mit Hilfe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es nun möglich, auf den Einsatz von Zwischenlagen (Toleranzausgleich-Schichtfolien) mit geringer Dicke der einzelnen Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbogen) zu verzichten, da erfindungsgemäß die Zwischenlage (Toleranzausgleich-Schichtfolie) wenigstens zwei Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbogen) unterschiedlicher Dicke umfassen kann, und somit wahlweise größere oder eine kleinere Abschälung möglich ist. Darüber hinaus ist es bei bestimmten sehr geringen Dicken der Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbogen) möglich, diese an Stelle eines Werkzeugs mit dem Finger abzuschälen, so dass auch hierin ein Vorteil in Bezug auf das Handling der Folien zu sehen ist. Dies wird erreicht, indem vom Hersteller beim fertigen Produkt vorab auf der Seite der dünnen Distanzscheibe (Flachmaterialbogen) eine kleine Partie der Folie angeschält wird. Somit dient dies dem Anwender als eine Art„Fingerlift" für werkzeugloses Anschälen dieser Seite. Gleichzeitig kann auch die dünne von der dickeren Distanzscheibe (Flachmaterialbogen) unterschieden werden, da per Definition nur auf der dünnen Seite vorab angeschält wird . Die Unterscheidung wird zudem unterstützt, indem auf der Seite des Fingerlifts optische Kennung, beispielsweise eine dreizeilige Linie angedruckt wird. With the present invention, it is now possible to dispense with the use of intermediate layers (tolerance compensation layer films) with a small thickness of the individual spacers (flat material sheet), since according to the invention the intermediate layer (tolerance compensation layer film) comprise at least two spacers (flat material sheet) of different thickness can, and thus optionally larger or smaller peeling is possible. In addition, with certain very small thicknesses of the spacers (flat sheet), it is possible to peel them off with a finger instead of a tool, so that an advantage with regard to the handling of the foils can also be seen here. This is achieved by the manufacturer of the finished product in advance on the side of the thin spacer (flat sheet), a small portion of the film is peeled. At the same time, the thin can be differentiated from the thicker spacer (flat material sheet), since by definition only the thin side is peeled in. The distinction is also supported, by visual label, for example a three-line line is printed on the side of the finger lift.
Besonders bevorzugt im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung handelt es sich bei den Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbogen) um metallische Folien, Polymerfolien, Faserverbundwerkstoffe, Gewebe und/oder Vliese aus Fasern, im Wesentlichen um Glas-, Kohlenstoff-, Keramik- oder Aramidfasern oder um eine Mischung verschiedener Materialen untereinander. Diese können beliebig untereinander kombiniert werden. Bevorzugt ist jedoch, dass die Zwischenlagen (Toleranzausgleich- Schichtfolien) wenigstens zwei Sorten von Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbogen) unterschiedlicher Dicke aufweisen. Besonders bevorzugt im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung verhält sich die Dicke einer ersten Sorte von Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbogen) zu der Dicke einer zweiten Sorte von Distanzscheibe (Flachmaterialbogen) im Verhältnis von 10 zu 2 bis 10 zu 7, insbesondere 10 zu 5, das heißt die einzelne Distanzscheibe (Flachmaterialbogen) ist halb so dick wie die anderen Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbogen). Beispielsweise ist es möglich, die erste Sorte von Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbogen) dahingehend auszustatten, dass deren Dicke 0,05 mm beträgt, während die Dicke der zweiten Sorte von Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbogen) beispielsweise 0,025 mm (10 zu 5) beträgt. Damit ist es möglich, beim entsprechenden Einsatz der Zwischenlagen (Toleranzausgleich- Schichtfolien) zu gegebener Zeit einen Toleranzausgleich von entweder 0,05 mm oder 0,025 mm vorzunehmen. For the purposes of the present invention, the spacers (flat material sheets) are particularly preferably metallic foils, polymer foils, fiber composite materials, woven fabrics and / or nonwovens made of fibers, essentially glass, carbon, ceramic or aramid fibers or a mixture of different Materials among each other. These can be combined with each other as desired. However, it is preferred that the intermediate layers (tolerance compensation layer films) have at least two types of spacers (flat material sheets) of different thickness. Particularly preferred according to the present invention, the thickness of a first type of spacers (flat material sheet) to the thickness of a second type of spacer (flat material sheet) in the ratio of 10 to 2 to 10 to 7, in particular 10 to 5, that is the single Spacer (flat sheet) is half as thick as the other spacers (flat sheet). For example, it is possible to provide the first kind of spacers (flat material sheet) so that the thickness thereof is 0.05 mm, while the thickness of the second kind of spacers (flat sheet) is 0.025 mm (10 to 5), for example. This makes it possible, when using the intermediate layers (tolerance compensation Laminated films) in due course to make a tolerance compensation of either 0.05 mm or 0.025 mm.
Durch die Kombination von dünnen und dickeren Schichtdicken kann man besonders geschickt im Falle von dem Wunsch nach Verwendung von Compositen (Faserverbundstoffen) auch sehr geringe Abstimmintervalle ermöglichen, die bei der Verwendung von Compositen den Nachteil der hohen Nachgiebigkeit aufweisen. In der neuerungsgemäßen Ausführung können nun übliche Dicken von Compositschichten mit sehr dünnen Schichten, gebildet zum Beispiel aus Metallfolien von kleiner 0,050mm, kombiniert werden. Der Vorteil beruht auf dem Effekt, dass die Steifigkeit bei dünnen Compositschichten mit abnehmender Dicke immer mehr von dem relativ nachgiebigen Harz beeinflusst wird. The combination of thin and thicker layer thicknesses makes it possible, especially in the case of the desire to use composites (fiber composites), to allow even very short tuning intervals, which have the disadvantage of high flexibility when composites are used. In the embodiment according to the invention, it is now possible to combine conventional thicknesses of composite layers with very thin layers, formed, for example, of metal foils smaller than 0.050 mm. The advantage stems from the effect that stiffness in thin composite layers is increasingly affected by the relative compliant resin as the thickness decreases.
Wesentlich im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung ist, dass die Fläche zwischen zwei Distanzscheiben nicht wie im Stand der Technik bisher üblich, vollständig mit Klebstoff belegt ist. Wenn im vorliegenden Fall definiert wird, dass lediglich 10 bis 50% der Fläche einer Distanzscheibe mit dem Klebstoff bedeckt ist, so bedeutet dies, dass die übrigen Flächenbereiche der Distanzscheibe frei und ohne verbindenden Kontakt aufeinander liegen. Die freie Beweglichkeit in diesen Flächenabschnitten ermöglicht es, in besonders einfacher Weise einzelne Distanzscheiben ohne Einsatz von Werkzeug allein mit dem Finger voneinander zu trennen. In einem gattungsfremden Stand der Technik ist dieses Grundprinzip bei der Herstellung von Haftnotizen (Post-It®) verwirklicht. Erfindungsgemäß ist es jedoch in der bevorzugten Ausführungsform nicht erforderlich, wenngleich möglich auch die Stirnseiten der Distanzscheiben miteinander zu verkleben. Anstelle der Auftragung des Klebstoffes zwischen den Distanzscheiben in einem einzelnen Punkt, der sich naturgemäß bei dem Verpressen der Distanzscheiben entsprechend vergrößert, besteht selbstverständlich auch die Möglichkeit, den Klebstoff in einer Vielzahl von kleinen Punkten anzubringen, sodass eine rasterförmige Anordnung dieser entsteht. Diese rasterförmige Anordnung kann sich über die gesamte Fläche einer Distanzscheibe erstrecken, wobei jedoch hier die Grenzwerte der Flächenbedeckung, wie oben dargelegt, eingehalten werden muss. Alternativ ist es jedoch ebenso möglich, die rasterförmige Anordnung des Klebstoffs auf bestimmte vordefinierte Flächenabschnitte zu begrenzen. It is essential for the purposes of the present invention that the surface between two spacers is not completely covered with adhesive, as hitherto usual in the prior art. If it is defined in the present case that only 10 to 50% of the surface of a spacer is covered with the adhesive, this means that the remaining surface areas of the spacer lie on one another freely and without connecting contact. The free mobility in these surface sections makes it possible to separate individual spacers in a particularly simple manner without the use of tools alone with the finger. In a non-generic state of the art, this basic principle in the production of sticky notes (Post-It®) is realized. According to the invention, however, it is not necessary in the preferred embodiment, although possible to bond the end faces of the spacers together. Instead of the application of the adhesive between the spacers in a single point, which naturally increases correspondingly when pressing the spacers, it is of course also possible to attach the adhesive in a plurality of small dots, so that a grid-like arrangement of these arises. This grid-shaped arrangement may extend over the entire surface of a spacer, but here the limit values of the area coverage, as stated above, must be complied with. Alternatively, however, it is also possible to limit the grid-shaped arrangement of the adhesive to certain predefined area sections.
Ein weiterer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform besteht darin, dass man abgeschälte Zwischenlagen wiederverwenden kann. Gerade bei metallischen laminierten Zwischenlage ist das nicht zu vernachlässigen, da somit kein„zu viel" an Abschälen stattfinden kann, da eine abgezogene Lage ihre Form behält und sich nicht zusammenrollt und somit Abfall würde. Damit reduziert sich also auf alle Fälle auch der Ausschuss, der durch normale Handhabung manchmal passieren kann. Das spricht dann sehr für die „ein Bauteil"- Lösung, da man keinen Ausschuss einplanen muss. Another advantage of the embodiment of the invention is that you can reuse peeled liners. This is not to be neglected, especially with metallic laminated liners, since no "too much" peeling can take place since a stripped layer retains its shape and does not curl up and thus become waste. which can sometimes happen due to normal handling, which is very much in favor of the "one component" solution because you do not have to plan any waste.
Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zwischenlage (Toleranzausgleich- Schichtfolie) mit einer durch Schichtspaltung anpassbaren Gesamtdicke, besteht darin, mit einem Schichtungsvorgang, bei dem eine abwechselnde Schichtung von Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbögen) und gegebenenfalls von Klebstoff gebildet wird, wobei man Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbögen) einer ersten und zweiten Dicke auswählt und wenigstens eine erste Distanzscheibe (einen ersten Flachmaterialbogen) der ersten Dicke auf wenigstens einer Fläche teilweise oder vollständig mit einem Klebstoff versieht, gegebenenfalls verpresst, eine zweite Distanzscheibe (einen zweiten Flachmaterialbogen) auf die Klebstofffläche auflegt, die dann freiliegende Fläche der zweiten Distanzscheibe (des zweiten Flachmaterialbogens) analog der ersten Distanzscheibe (des ersten Flachmaterialbogens) mit einem Klebstoff versieht und diese Verfahrensschritte bis zur Gesamtdicke der Zwischenlage (Toleranzausgleich-Schichtfolie) wiederholt, wobei innerhalb der Wiederholungsschritte anstelle der Distanzscheibe (des Flachmaterialbogens) der ersten Dicke, Distanzscheiben (Folien) der zweiten Dicke eingesetzt werden (Jokerfolie). A method for producing an intermediate layer (tolerance compensation layer film) with an overall thickness that can be adjusted by layer cleavage is to use a laminating process in which an alternating layering of spacers (flat material sheets) and optionally of adhesive is formed, whereby spacers (flat material arches) of a first layer and second thickness and at least one first spacer (a first Flat material sheet) of the first thickness on at least one surface partially or completely provides an adhesive, optionally pressed, a second spacer (a second sheet of flat material) hangs on the adhesive surface, the then exposed surface of the second spacer (the second flat material sheet) analogous to the first spacer ( of the first flat material sheet) and repeats these method steps up to the total thickness of the intermediate layer (tolerance compensation layer film), wherein within the repetition steps, spacers (foils) of the second thickness are used instead of the spacer (the flat material sheet) of the first thickness (Joker foil) ,
In dem Fall, dass anstelle einer Folie ein Gewebe eingesetzt wird, umfasst das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auch einen Schichtungsvorgang, bei dem ein Gewebe als Distanzscheibe (Flachmaterialbogen) ausgewählt und auf seiner gesamten Fläche und seiner Dicke mit einem Klebstoff getränkt wird. In the case where a fabric is used instead of a film, the inventive method also includes a layering process in which a fabric is selected as a spacer (flat sheet) and soaked with an adhesive over its entire surface and its thickness.
Ein weiteres Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zwischenlage (Toleranzausgleich-Zwischenlage) mit einer, durch Schichttrennung anpassbaren Gesamtdicke besteht darin, gegebenenfalls nach Aufrauen der Stirnseiten einer Schichtung von Distanzscheiben, diese mit einem Klebstoff analog einem Buchrücken zu versehen. In einem zweiten Schritt wird dann der Klebstoff ausgehärtet. Alternativ ist es auch möglich, eine lose oder komprimierte Schichtung von Distanzscheiben in einem Bad mit dem Klebstoff einzutauchen oder die Stirnseiten der Distanzscheiben mit dem Klebstoff zu besprühen. Damit werden die Zwischenlagen (Toleranzausgleich-Zwischenlagen) mit unterschiedlichen, aber auch mit gleichen Dicken der Distanzscheiben, nur in Teilbereichen der Distanzscheiben mit Klebestoff versehen, wobei dies nur am Umfang, also den Stirnflächen der Distanzscheiben, erfolgt. A further method for producing an intermediate layer (tolerance compensation intermediate layer) with an overall thickness which can be adjusted by layer separation consists, if appropriate after roughening the end faces of a layering of spacers, of providing them with an adhesive analogous to a book spine. In a second step, the adhesive is then cured. Alternatively, it is also possible to immerse a loose or compressed layer of spacers in a bath with the adhesive or to spray the end faces of the spacers with the adhesive. Thus, the intermediate layers (tolerance compensation liners) are provided with different, but also with the same thicknesses of the spacers, only in partial areas of the spacers with adhesive, which is done only on the periphery, ie the end faces of the spacers.
Sämtlichen Ausführungen der vorliegenden Erfindung ist gemein, dass diese auch die Variante umfassen können, dass die Zwischenlage nur eine Distanzscheibe (Folie) geringerer Dicke auf einer Oberfläche der Zwischenlage aufweisen kann (Jokerfolie). All embodiments of the present invention have in common that they may also include the variant that the intermediate layer can only have a spacer (film) of lesser thickness on a surface of the intermediate layer (Jokerfolie).
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung betrifft die Erfindung die abziehbaren Einstellelemente für mechanische Konstruktionen. According to a further embodiment, the invention relates to the removable adjustment elements for mechanical structures.
Die erfindungsgemäßen abziehbaren Zwischenlagen (Einstellelemente) bestehen im Wesentlichen aus einer erfindungsgemäßen Toleranzausgleich-Schichtfolie bzw. werden mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens erhalten. The peelable intermediate layers (adjustment elements) according to the invention essentially consist of a tolerance compensation layer film according to the invention or are obtained by means of the method according to the invention.
Die Zwischenlage (Toleranzausgleich-Schichtfolie) dieser Art ist gut geeignet, um als Ausgleichsscheibe in der Luftfahrtindustrie zu dienen, beispielsweise für Flugzeuge oder Hubschrauber. The intermediate layer (tolerance compensation layer film) of this type is well suited to serve as a shim in the aerospace industry, for example for aircraft or helicopters.
Es ist anzumerken, dass die oben beschriebene Zwischenlage (Toleranzausgleich-Schichtfolie) besonders leicht, gegebenenfalls unter Zuhilfenahme eines Werkzeugs abziehbar ist. Besonders bevorzugt werden daher die einzelnen Distanzscheiben (Lagen) in der Form des Endprodukts ausgeschnitten oder ausgestanzt, um diese exakt übereinander zu stapeln. Anschließend werden die Lagen fixiert um dann die vorher definierte(n) Stirnfläche(n)/umlaufende(n) Kante(n) mit Klebstoff zu versehen. Der Klebstoff sollte elastisch genug sein, um mechanische Festigkeit bei geringer Benutzungsfläche zu bieten und den Erschütterungen durch Handhabung und Transport zu widerstehen. It should be noted that the intermediate layer (tolerance compensation layer film) described above is particularly easy to remove, if necessary with the aid of a tool. Therefore, the individual spacers (layers) in the shape of the final product are particularly preferably cut out or punched out in order to stack them exactly one above the other. Subsequently, the layers are fixed in order then to provide the previously defined end face (s) / circumferential edge (s) with adhesive. The adhesive should be elastic enough to provide mechanical strength with little footprint and to withstand handling and transportation shocks.

Claims

Patentansprüche: claims:
1. Zwischenlage (Toleranzausgleich-Schichtfolie) mit einer durch Schichtspaltung anpassbaren Gesamtdicke, wobei das Erzeugnis eine gegebenenfalls abwechselnde Schichtung von Distanzscheibe (Flachmaterialbogen) und Klebstoff umfasst, wobei jede Distanzscheibe (Flachmaterialbogen) aus einer Folie konstanter Dicke besteht und die Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbogen) aus wenigstens zwei Sorten Folien unterschiedlicher Dicke bestehen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Materialaufbau der Zwischenlage (Schichtfolie) eine einzige Folie der zweiten Sorte mit geringerer Dicke an einer seiner Oberfläche aufweist. 1. Interlayer (tolerance compensation layer film) with an adaptable through layer cleavage total thickness, the product comprises an optional alternating stratification of spacer (flat material sheet) and adhesive, each spacer (flat material sheet) consists of a film of constant thickness and the spacers (flat material sheet) from consist of at least two types of films of different thickness, characterized in that the material structure of the intermediate layer (layered film) has a single film of the second type with a smaller thickness at one of its surface.
2. Zwischenlage (Toleranzausgleich-Zwischenlage) mit einer durch Schichtspaltung anpassbaren Gesamtdicke einer gegebenenfalls abwechselnden Schichtung von Distanzscheiben und gegebenenfalls Klebstoff, wobei jede Distanzscheibe aus einer Folie konstanter Dicke besteht und die Distanzscheiben aus gleichen oder unterschiedlichen Dicken bestehen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Klebstoff sich zwischen zwei Distanzscheiben nur punktuell zwischen zwei Distanzscheiben (Flachmaterialbogen) befindet und/oder die Distanzscheiben teilweise oder vollständig über ihre Stirnflächen mit einem Klebstoff verbunden sind. 2. intermediate layer (tolerance compensation intermediate layer) with an adaptable by layer cleavage total thickness of an optional alternating stratification of spacers and optionally adhesive, each spacer made of a film of constant thickness and the spacers consist of the same or different thicknesses, characterized in that the adhesive itself between two spacers only selectively located between two spacers (flat material sheet) and / or the spacers are partially or completely connected via their end faces with an adhesive.
3. Zwischenlage (Toleranzausgleich-Zwischenlage) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Klebstoff zwischen zwei Distanzscheiben jeweils 5 bis 80 %, insbesondere 10 bis 50% der Fläche einer Distanzscheibe bedeckt. 3. intermediate layer (tolerance compensation intermediate layer) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the adhesive between two spacers each 5 to 80%, in particular 10 to 50% of the surface of a spacer covered.
4. Zwischenlage (Toleranzausgleich-Zwischenlage) nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich der Klebstoff rasterförmig oder punktuell in einem Flächenausschnitt der Distanzscheibe befindet. 4. intermediate layer (tolerance compensation intermediate layer) according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the adhesive is grid-shaped or punctiform in a surface section of the spacer.
5. Zwischenlage (Toleranzausgleich-Zwischenlage) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schichtfolge diskontinuierlich oder kontinuierlich abwechselnde Dicken und/oder verschiedene Materialien umfasst. 5. intermediate layer (tolerance compensation intermediate layer) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the layer sequence comprises discontinuous or continuous alternating thicknesses and / or different materials.
6. Zwischenlage (Toleranzausgleich-Zwischenlage) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei dem Klebstoff um einen synthetischen Kautschuk und/oder um ein Harz handelt, insbesondere um ein Acrylat-, Epoxid-, Phenol-, Vinylester- oder Polyvinylharz, welches die Distanzscheibe (Flachmaterialbogen) durch einen Polymerisationsvorgang zusammenhält. 6. intermediate layer (tolerance compensation intermediate layer) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is the adhesive is a synthetic rubber and / or a resin, in particular an acrylate, epoxy, phenolic, vinyl ester - or polyvinyl resin, which holds the spacer (sheet flat sheet) together by a polymerization process.
7. Zwischenlage (Toleranzausgleich-Zwischenlage) nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Klebstoff 40% bis 60% des Volumens des Erzeugnisses vor dem Polymerisationsvorgang umfasst. 7. Interlayer (tolerance compensation intermediate layer) according to claim 6, characterized in that the adhesive comprises 40% to 60% of the volume of the product prior to the polymerization process.
8. Zwischenlage (Toleranzausgleich-Zwischenlage) nach einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Harz mit Zusätzen versehen ist, um den Klebstoff zu bilden, insbesondere Härte- und/oder Verdünnungsmittel zur Änderung der Viskosität des nichtgehärteten Klebstoffs. 8. intermediate layer (tolerance compensation intermediate layer) according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the resin is provided with additives to form the adhesive, in particular hardness and / or diluent to change the viscosity of the uncured adhesive.
9. Zwischenlage (Toleranzausgleich-Zwischenlage) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei den Flachmaterialbögen um metallische Folien, Polymerfolien und/oder Gewebe handelt. 9. intermediate layer (tolerance compensation intermediate layer) according to one of claims 1 to, characterized in that it is in the flat material sheets to metallic foils, polymer films and / or tissue.
10. Zwischenlage (Toleranzausgleich-Zwischenlage) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Dicke einer ersten Sorte von Flachmaterialbögen von der Dicke einer zweiten Sorte des Flachmaterialbogens im Verhältnis von 10 zu 2 bis 10 zu 7, insbesondere 10 zu 5 verhält. 10. Interlayer (tolerance compensation intermediate layer) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the thickness of a first type of flat material sheets of the thickness of a second type of flat sheet in the ratio of 10 to 2 to 10 to 7, in particular 10 to 5 behaves.
11. Verwendung eines Erzeugnisses nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 zur Bildung eines abziehbaren Einstellelements für mechanische Konstruktionen. 11. Use of a product according to any one of claims 1 to 10 for forming a peelable adjusting element for mechanical constructions.
EP12711131.8A 2011-03-26 2012-03-19 Intermediate layer (tolerance compensation layer film) Withdrawn EP2691231A1 (en)

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DE202011004413 2011-03-26
DE202011107070U DE202011107070U1 (en) 2011-03-26 2011-10-22 dabs
DE202011107066U DE202011107066U1 (en) 2011-03-26 2011-10-22 Buchrückenverklebung
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DE202014003326U1 (en) * 2014-04-17 2015-08-07 Georg Martin Gmbh Stair-shaped intermediate layer (tolerance compensation layer film)
DE102017222185A1 (en) 2017-12-07 2019-06-13 Premium Aerotec Gmbh Probe mounting system and aircraft

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WO2007082008A2 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-19 Christopher Joseph Penar Carpentry shimming system

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DE19613913C2 (en) * 1996-04-06 1998-07-02 Ymos Ag Spacer block
FR2831095B1 (en) 2001-10-19 2004-01-16 Daniel Andre Gastel THICK-ADJUSTABLE THICKNESS LAMINATE PRODUCT, PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCT AND APPLICATION TO THE CONSTITUTION OF SETTINGS FOR MECHANICAL ASSEMBLIES

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US526641A (en) * 1894-09-25 Excavator
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WO2007082008A2 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-19 Christopher Joseph Penar Carpentry shimming system

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