EP2683957B1 - Crank drive - Google Patents
Crank drive Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2683957B1 EP2683957B1 EP12712730.6A EP12712730A EP2683957B1 EP 2683957 B1 EP2683957 B1 EP 2683957B1 EP 12712730 A EP12712730 A EP 12712730A EP 2683957 B1 EP2683957 B1 EP 2683957B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bearing
- crankshaft
- crankshaft journal
- bearing element
- bearing shell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C9/00—Bearings for crankshafts or connecting-rods; Attachment of connecting-rods
- F16C9/02—Crankshaft bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C9/00—Bearings for crankshafts or connecting-rods; Attachment of connecting-rods
- F16C9/04—Connecting-rod bearings; Attachments thereof
Definitions
- the invention relates to a crank mechanism with a crankshaft journal having a concave shaped surface, a bearing element in which the crankshaft journal is rotatably mounted, and a bearing shell arranged between the crankshaft journal and the bearing element, which has a convexly shaped first surface which corresponds to the concave shaped surface of the bearing Crankshaft pin is assigned.
- the crankshaft journal can be a crank pin of a crankshaft, on which the large connecting rod eye of a connecting rod is mounted.
- the connecting rod or its large connecting rod eye forms the bearing element in the context of the present invention.
- the crankshaft journal may also be a main journal of the crankshaft through which the crankshaft is rotatably mounted in a bearing receptacle of the motor housing.
- the bearing receptacle of the motor housing forms the bearing element in the sense of the present invention.
- crankshaft journal is cylindrical
- bearing element between the crankshaft journal and the bearing element is a hollow cylindrical bearing shell is arranged, which seen over its width has a constant wall thickness.
- This hollow cylindrical bearing shell thus has seen over its axial extent a constant annular cross-section.
- crank mechanism consisting of a non-cylindrical, concave crank pin of a crankshaft and a connecting rod rotatably mounted thereon with its large connecting rod eye is known from the international patent application WO 2008/129395 A2 known.
- the crank pin has a concave-shaped surface, and the crank pin facing surface of the large connecting rod eye is correspondingly convex, so that the two facing surfaces are adapted to each other.
- the large connecting rod directly, ie without the interposition of a bearing shell, mounted on the crank pin.
- crank pin facing surface of the large connecting rod eye is adapted to the concave shape of the crank pin surface.
- the DE-AS 1 261 704 describes a crankshaft and connecting rod training, in which between the connecting rod and the crankshaft journal designed as a partial surface of a torus bearing surface is provided. Compared to a solution with a cylindrical bearing surface between the big end and crankshaft journals while starting coils and angular paragraphs could be saved and avoided the notch effect of such run-up bundles and angled heels or at least significantly reduced. As a result, the life of the crankshaft can be increased and the production can be made cheaper.
- the invention is based on the object to provide a crank mechanism with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is available, the production technology is simple and relatively inexpensive to produce. It should be possible to provide in a simple manner on the basis of a specific, predetermined crankshaft design constructively differently designed crank mechanisms.
- the invention is based on a crank mechanism with a concave-shaped surface having crankshaft journal, a bearing element in which the crankshaft journal is rotatably mounted, and arranged between the crankshaft journal and the bearing element bearing shell having a convexly shaped first surface which the concave shaped Surface of the crankshaft journal is assigned.
- the invention proposes that the bearing shell has a second, the bearing element associated surface which is formed such that the bearing shell seen in the longitudinal direction of the crankshaft journal has a non-constant cross section, and that the bearing shell facing surface of the bearing element is adapted in shape to the second surface of the bearing shell, and wherein in particular the second surface of the bearing shell is concave and thereby has a lower curvature than the concave shaped surface of the crankshaft journal.
- the bearing element facing surface against a second bearing shell By simply replacing a first bearing shell with a concrete, the bearing element facing surface against a second bearing shell with a differently designed, the bearing element facing surface can be used in a simple and cost-effective manner for one and the same crankshaft differently configured bearing elements for generating different crank mechanisms.
- the bearing element associated surface of the bearing shell is formed such that the bearing shell cross-section seen in the longitudinal direction of the crankshaft journal, that is seen over the bearing shell width, has a non-constant cross-section, facing away from the crankshaft journal and the bearing element associated surface of the bearing shell a shape whose curvature is substantially less than the curvature of the crankshaft journal associated surface of the bearing shell.
- the bearing shell of the associated bearing surface of the bearing element may have a less pronounced convex shape with a curvature which is substantially less than it should be, if this bearing surface of the bearing element would have to be adapted in shape to the concave surface of the crankshaft journal ,
- the invention thus provides the designer with the freedom to completely separate the shape of the crankshaft journal facing surface of the bearing element to shape the shape of the surface of the crankshaft journal. Therefore, the bearing element can be manufactured with much less effort manufacturing technology. Elaborate measurements with expensive measuring instruments to comply with the required shape of the bearing surface of the bearing element eliminated completely or can be carried out with considerably less effort and simpler measuring instruments.
- the manufacturing cost of the bearing element of the crank mechanism according to the invention can characterized in comparison to that of WO 2008/129395 A2 known solution can be significantly reduced.
- the second surface of the bearing shell is cylindrical.
- Both the bearing shell and the bearing element can be produced in this case cost and production technology particularly simple.
- the bearing shell receiving recess of the bearing element may be formed as a simple cylindrical recess, for example as a simple cylindrical bore. If the bearing element, for example, a connecting rod with a large connecting rod, then a simple cylindrical bore is sufficient to accommodate the bearing shell and rotatably support the crankshaft journal with the concave surface. There are no strict formal and tolerance specifications to be observed in the production, as would be required if the crankshaft journal facing surface of the large connecting rod eye would have to be adapted to the concave shape of the crankshaft journal.
- a simple, rough machining treatment of the inner surface of the cylindrical bore of the bearing element is sufficient.
- the adaptation of the crankshaft journal facing first, convexly shaped surface of the bearing shell to the concave surface of the crankshaft journal manufacturing technology is much easier and cheaper than the adjustment of the crankshaft journal facing surface of the bearing element.
- the complex component "bearing element" can be designed so simple and easy to produce, without sacrificing the advantages of a concave / convex bearing surface pairing on the crankshaft journal.
- the bearing shell is much smaller than the bearing element, so it is easier to process or edit.
- the bearing shell is formed axially symmetrical and has a much more uniform mass distribution than, for example, designed as a connecting rod bearing element.
- the Convex first surface of the bearing shell need not be machined, as would be the case with the more complex bearing element, but may also be made by various other manufacturing techniques such as pressing, casting, sintering or forging.
- the second surface of the bearing shell is concave, wherein the curvature of this second surface of the bearing shell is formed smaller than the curvature of the concave shaped surface of the crankshaft journal.
- both embodiments described above have in common that the manufacturing cost of the actual bearing element, so the connecting rod with the large connecting rod or the main journal of a crankshaft receiving bearing element of the motor housing, can be manufactured with significantly lower manufacturing and metrological effort, whereby the production costs are significantly reduced , It is much less expensive to manufacture and therefore less expensive to adapt only the bearing shell with its first, the crankshaft journal surface facing the concave shape of the crankshaft journal, as the crankshaft journal facing bearing surface of the bearing element itself to adapt to the concave shape of the crankshaft journal.
- the production cost and the production cost increasing step which includes the adaptation of the shape of the bearing surface of the bearing element to the concave surface of the crankshaft journal, according to the invention thus displaced away from the bearing element into the bearing shell inside.
- Fig. 3 is one of the prior art according to WO 2008/129395 A2 known crank drive K shown using the example of a bearing on a crankshaft journal 2 bearing element 3.
- the bearing element 3 is designed as a connecting rod.
- the bearing element 3 facing bearing surface 1 of the crankshaft journal 2 has a concave shape.
- the surface of the bearing element 3 facing this bearing surface 1 has a convex shape, which is adapted to the concave shape of the bearing surface 1 of the crankshaft journal 2.
- no bearing shell is disposed between the bearing element 3 and the crankshaft journal 2.
- FIGS. 1a and 1b show a first, not claimed embodiment of a crank mechanism in a schematic and only a section of the crank mechanism showing representation.
- the crankshaft journal 2 is formed as eccentrically arranged crank pin of a crankshaft, not shown.
- the bearing element 3 is designed as a connecting rod, which is mounted with its large connecting rod eye on the crank pin 2.
- crankshaft journal 2 formed as a main journal on a crankshaft not shown on a bearing shell 4 in a bearing element 3.
- bearing element 3 a fixed to a motor housing of an internal combustion engine, not shown, bearing receptacle for rotatably receiving the main journals of the crankshaft.
- Fig. 1a As well in Fig. 1a as well as in Fig. 1b has the bearing element 4 seen in the longitudinal direction of the crankshaft journal 2, so seen parallel to the plane of the drawing, a non-constant cross-sectional shape.
- the bearing shell 4 has a convexly shaped first surface 5, which is assigned to the concave-shaped surface 1 of the crankshaft journal 2.
- the first surface 5 of the bearing shell 4 is adapted in terms of their shape to the concave-shaped surface 1 of the crankshaft journal 2.
- the bearing element 3 has a cylindrical, as Bore formed recess in which the cylindrically shaped second surface 6 of the bearing shell 4 is added.
- the bearing element 3 can be produced in terms of manufacturing technology and metrology with little effort, without having to pay attention to special form specifications and dimensional tolerances in the manufacture of the bearing element 3.
- the production-technically more complex step of producing a convex surface 5 adapted to the concave-shaped surface 1 of the crankshaft journal 2 is displaced away from the bearing element 3 and towards the bearing shell 4 in the invention.
- the production of the convexly shaped first surface 5 can be realized much easier, with less effort and with lower costs in the production of the comparatively small bearing element 4.
- the much larger and more complex component, namely the bearing element 3, only has to be provided with a simple cylindrical recess.
- FIG. 2a A second, claimed by the independent claim embodiment of the invention is in the Fig. 2a and 2b shown.
- the bearing element 3 is designed as a connecting rod. This connecting rod is mounted with the interposition of a bearing shell 4 with its large connecting rod on a crankshaft journal 2 of a crankshaft not shown in detail.
- crankshaft journal 2 is formed as a main journal of a crankshaft, not shown, wherein the Crankshaft journal 2 is rotatably received with the interposition of a bearing shell 4 in a bearing receptacle.
- This bearing receptacle is fixedly connected to a motor housing, not shown, and forms the bearing element.
- crankshaft journal 2 has a concave-shaped surface 1.
- the arranged between the bearing element 3 and the crankshaft journal 2 bearing shell 4 has a first convex-shaped surface 5, which faces the crankshaft journal.
- the convex shaped surface 5 is adapted in shape to the concave shaped surface 1 of the crankshaft journal 2.
- the bearing shell 4 On the side facing away from the crankshaft journal 2, the bearing shell 4 has a second, concave-shaped surface 6.
- This second, concave-shaped surface 6 has a substantially less pronounced curvature than the curvature of the concave-shaped surface 1 of the crankshaft journal 2. Accordingly, the second surface 6 of the bearing shell 4 facing surface of the bearing element 3 has a significantly lower curvature than required would be if it had to be adapted to the concave shaped surface 1 of the crankshaft journal 2.
- the curvature of the second, concave-shaped surface 6 of the bearing shell 4 thus determines the curvature of the convex shaped, the bearing shell 4 facing bearing surface of the bearing element 3. For this reason, the shape of this convex shaped bearing surface of the bearing element completely independent of the concave bearing surface of the crankshaft journal 2 are designed.
- the bearing shell 4 facing surface of the bearing element 3 may be much less curved than would be required if the bearing shell 4 in the direction the longitudinal extent of the crankshaft journal 2 would have a constant cross-section. Because then the curvature would have the crankshaft journal 2 facing surface of the bearing element 3 with respect to their curvature to the concave surface 1 of the crankshaft journal 2 adapted.
- Fig. 2a and 2b can be benefited from the advantages of the larger contact surface between the bearing element 3 and the bearing shell 4, while maintaining a low manufacturing cost for the production of the bearing element 3, because the much lower curvature of the bearing shell 4 facing surface of the bearing element 3 significantly less metrological and manufacturing effort required as the production of a more curved convex surface in compliance with the required form and tolerances for the application.
- crank mechanism is provided.
- different connecting rods can be combined with one and the same crankshaft, with only differently configured bearing shells 4 having to be arranged between the crankshaft journal and the large connecting rod eye of the connecting rod.
- differently shaped bearing blocks can be used to accommodate the main journals one and the same crankshaft, with only appropriately adjusted bearings 4 between the crankshaft main journal and the bearing block must be arranged. In this way, optimally adapted to the specific application case bearing elements can be combined with one and the same crankshaft in a simple manner. It is also possible to use one and the same crankshaft in different engine housings with differently designed bearing blocks for receiving the crankshaft.
- the advantages mentioned above are of great importance in practice.
- the geometry of the bearing that is, the geometries of the mutually operatively connected bearing surfaces can be optimized in the invention in terms of application, for example, in terms of dynamic behavior of the bearing partners, lubrication of storage, process parameters during engine operation, etc.
- This can, for example, with regard to distinctly different Be exploited pressure levels at which engines are operated.
- gasoline engines and diesel engines experience significantly different pressures during operation. The pressures occurring during operation are significantly greater in diesel engines than in gasoline engines.
- the requirements for the storage of the connecting rods on the crank pin of the crankshaft and the bearing of the crankshaft main journal in the engine housing in diesel engines other than petrol engines so that the respective bearings must be designed differently designed to the respective required life of the crank mechanism to reach.
- the present invention makes it possible to use one and the same crankshaft despite these different requirements for different engines, because the required differences in terms of the design of the bearings according to the invention by using a customized to the application bearing shell together with a matched to the bearing shell Connecting rod realized.
- the bearing cup solution according to the invention provides the designer with greater flexibility with regard to application-related adaptation and optimization processes.
- the bearing surface pairing between the bearing element 3 and bearing shell 4 can be configured differently in a simple manner, without the design and design of the crankshaft itself would have to be changed.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kurbeltrieb mit einem eine konkav geformte Oberfläche aufweisenden Kurbelwellenzapfen, einem Lagerelement, in welchem der Kurbelwellenzapfen drehbar gelagert ist, und einer zwischen dem Kurbelwellenzapfen und dem Lagerelement angeordneten Lagerschale, die eine konvex geformte erste Oberfläche aufweist, welche der konkav geformten Oberfläche des Kurbelwellenzapfens zugeordnet ist.The invention relates to a crank mechanism with a crankshaft journal having a concave shaped surface, a bearing element in which the crankshaft journal is rotatably mounted, and a bearing shell arranged between the crankshaft journal and the bearing element, which has a convexly shaped first surface which corresponds to the concave shaped surface of the bearing Crankshaft pin is assigned.
Der Kurbelwellenzapfen kann dabei ein Kurbelzapfen einer Kurbelwelle sein, auf dem das große Pleuelauge einer Pleuelstange gelagert ist. In diesem Fall bildet die Pleuelstange beziehungsweise deren großes Pleuelauge das Lagerelement im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung. Der Kurbelwellenzapfen kann aber auch ein Hauptlagerzapfen der Kurbelwelle sein, über den die Kurbelwelle drehbar in einer Lageraufnahme des Motorgehäuses gelagert ist. In diesem Fall bildet die Lageraufnahme des Motorgehäuses das Lagerelement im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung.The crankshaft journal can be a crank pin of a crankshaft, on which the large connecting rod eye of a connecting rod is mounted. In this case, the connecting rod or its large connecting rod eye forms the bearing element in the context of the present invention. But the crankshaft journal may also be a main journal of the crankshaft through which the crankshaft is rotatably mounted in a bearing receptacle of the motor housing. In this case, the bearing receptacle of the motor housing forms the bearing element in the sense of the present invention.
Bei vielen aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Kurbeltrieben ist der Kurbelwellenzapfen zylindrisch ausgebildet, und zwischen dem Kurbelwellenzapfen und dem Lagerelement ist eine hohlzylindrische Lagerschale angeordnet, die über ihre Breite gesehen eine konstante Wanddicke aufweist. Diese hohlzylindrische Lagerschale weist somit über ihre axiale Erstreckung gesehen einen konstanten kreisringförmigen Querschnitt auf.In many known from the prior art crank drives the crankshaft journal is cylindrical, and between the crankshaft journal and the bearing element is a hollow cylindrical bearing shell is arranged, which seen over its width has a constant wall thickness. This hollow cylindrical bearing shell thus has seen over its axial extent a constant annular cross-section.
Ein Kurbeltrieb bestehend aus einem nichtzylindrischen, konkav geformten Kurbelzapfen einer Kurbelwelle und einer darauf mit ihrem großen Pleuelauge drehbar gelagerten Pleuelstange ist aus der internationalen Patentanmeldung
Die
Ein weiterer Nachteil der aus der
Die
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, einen Kurbeltrieb mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Patentanspruchs 1 zur Verfügung zu stellen, der fertigungstechnisch einfach und vergleichsweise kostengünstig herstellbar ist. Dabei soll die Möglichkeit bestehen, auf einfache Weise auf der Basis eines bestimmten, vorgegebenen Kurbelwellendesigns konstruktiv unterschiedlich gestaltete Kurbeltriebe bereit zu stellen.The invention is based on the object to provide a crank mechanism with the features of the preamble of
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch einen Kurbeltrieb mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved by a crank mechanism with the features of
Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Kurbeltrieb mit einem eine konkav geformte Oberfläche aufweisenden Kurbelwellenzapfen, einem Lagerelement, in welchem der Kurbelwellenzapfen drehbar gelagert ist, und einer zwischen dem Kurbelwellenzapfen und dem Lagerelement angeordneten Lagerschale, die eine konvex geformte erste Oberfläche aufweist, welche der konkav geformten Oberfläche des Kurbelwellenzapfens zugeordnet ist. Um zu erreichen, dass mit ein und derselben Kurbelwelle unterschiedliche Lagerelemente zu unterschiedlich ausgestalteten Kurbeltrieben kombiniert werden können, wird erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, dass die Lagerschale eine zweite, dem Lagerelement zugeordnete Oberfläche aufweist, die derart ausgebildet ist, dass die Lagerschale in Längsrichtung des Kurbelwellenzapfens gesehen einen nicht konstanten Querschnitt aufweist, und dass die der Lagerschale zugewandte Oberfläche des Lagerelements hinsichtlich ihrer Form an die zweite Oberfläche der Lagerschale angepasst ist, und wobei insbesondere die zweite Oberfläche der Lagerschale konkav ist und dabei eine geringere Krümmung aufweist als die konkav geformte Oberfläche des Kurbelwellenzapfens. Auf diese Weise ist es nicht mehr erforderlich, die dem Kurbelwellenzapfen zugewandte Oberfläche des Lagerelements hinsichtlich ihrer Form an die konkav geformte Oberfläche des Kurbelwellenzapfens anzupassen. Durch den einfachen Austausch einer ersten Lagerschale mit einer konkreten, dem Lagerelement zugewandten Oberfläche gegen eine zweite Lagerschale mit einer anders ausgestalteten, dem Lagerelement zugewandten Oberfläche, können auf einfache und kostengünstige Weise für ein und dieselbe Kurbelwelle unterschiedlich ausgestaltete Lagerelemente zur Erzeugung unterschiedlicher Kurbeltriebe verwendet werden.
Dadurch, dass die zweite, dem Lagerelement zugeordnete Oberfläche der Lagerschale derart ausgebildet ist, dass der Lagerschalenquerschnitt in Längsrichtung des Kurbelwellenzapfens gesehen, d.h. also über die Lagerschalenbreite gesehen, einen nicht konstanten Querschnitt aufweist, weist die dem Kurbelwellenzapfen abgewandte und dem Lagerelement zugeordnete Oberfläche der Lagerschale eine Form auf, deren Krümmung wesentlich geringer ist als die Krümmung der dem Kurbelwellenzapfen zugeordneten Oberfläche der Lagerschale. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass die der Lagerschale zugeordnete Lagerfläche des Lagerelements eine weniger stark ausgeprägte konvexe Form mit einer Krümmung aufweisen kann, die wesentlich geringer ist als sie sein müsste, wenn diese Lagerfläche des Lagerelements hinsichtlich ihrer Form an die konkave Oberfläche des Kurbelwellenzapfens angepasst werden müsste.
Die Erfindung gewährt dem Konstrukteur somit die Freiheit, die Form der dem Kurbelwellenzapfen zugewandten Oberfläche des Lagerelements völlig unabhängig von der Form der Oberfläche des Kurbelwellenzapfens zu gestalten. Daher kann das Lagerelement fertigungstechnisch mit wesentlich weniger Aufwand hergestellt werden. Aufwendige Messungen mit teuren Messinstrumenten zur Einhaltung der erforderlichen Form der Lagerfläche des Lagerelements entfallen komplett oder können mit erheblich geringerem Aufwand und einfacheren Messinstrumenten durchgeführt werden. Die Herstellungskosten für das Lagerelement des erfindungsgemäßen Kurbeltriebs können dadurch im Vergleich zu der aus der
Characterized in that the second, the bearing element associated surface of the bearing shell is formed such that the bearing shell cross-section seen in the longitudinal direction of the crankshaft journal, that is seen over the bearing shell width, has a non-constant cross-section, facing away from the crankshaft journal and the bearing element associated surface of the bearing shell a shape whose curvature is substantially less than the curvature of the crankshaft journal associated surface of the bearing shell. This ensures that the bearing shell of the associated bearing surface of the bearing element may have a less pronounced convex shape with a curvature which is substantially less than it should be, if this bearing surface of the bearing element would have to be adapted in shape to the concave surface of the crankshaft journal ,
The invention thus provides the designer with the freedom to completely separate the shape of the crankshaft journal facing surface of the bearing element to shape the shape of the surface of the crankshaft journal. Therefore, the bearing element can be manufactured with much less effort manufacturing technology. Elaborate measurements with expensive measuring instruments to comply with the required shape of the bearing surface of the bearing element eliminated completely or can be carried out with considerably less effort and simpler measuring instruments. The manufacturing cost of the bearing element of the crank mechanism according to the invention can characterized in comparison to that of
Nach einer ersten, nicht vom unabhängigen Patentanspruch beanspruchten Ausführungsform ist die zweite Oberfläche der Lagerschale zylindrisch ausgebildet. Sowohl die Lagerschale als auch das Lagerelement können in diesem Fall kostengünstig und fertigungstechnisch besonders einfach hergestellt werden. Bei dieser Ausführungsform kann die die Lagerschale aufnehmende Ausnehmung des Lagerelements als einfache zylindrische Ausnehmung ausgebildet sein, beispielsweise als einfache zylindrische Bohrung. Ist das Lagerelement z.B. eine Pleuelstange mit einem großen Pleuelauge, dann genügt eine einfache zylindrische Bohrung, um die Lagerschale aufnehmen und den Kurbelwellenzapfen mit der konkaven Oberfläche drehbar zu lagern. Es müssen keine strengen Form- und Toleranzvorgaben bei der Fertigung beachtet werden, wie es erforderlich wäre, wenn die dem Kurbelwellenzapfen zugewandte Oberfläche des großen Pleuelauges an die konkave Form des Kurbelwellenzapfens angepasst werden müsste. Eine einfache, grobe spanende Behandlung der inneren Oberfläche der zylindrischen Bohrung des Lagerelements reicht aus. Die Anpassung der dem Kurbelwellenzapfen zugewandten ersten, konvex geformten Oberfläche der Lagerschale an die konkav geformte Oberfläche des Kurbelwellenzapfens ist fertigungstechnisch wesentlich einfacher und kostengünstiger als die Anpassung der dem Kurbelwellenzapfen zugewandten Oberfläche des Lagerelements. Das komplexe Bauteil "Lagerelement" kann so einfach und gut herstellbar gestaltet werden, ohne dass dabei auf die Vorteile einer konkav / konvex geformten Lagerflächenpaarung am Kurbelwellenzapfen verzichtet werden muss. Die Lagerschale ist wesentlich kleiner als das Lagerelement, so dass sie einfacher zu verarbeiten oder zu bearbeiten ist. Außerdem ist die Lagerschale achsensymmetrisch ausgebildet und besitzt eine wesentlich gleichmäßigere Massenverteilung als z.B. ein als Pleuelstange ausgebildetes Lagerelement. Die konvexe erste Oberfläche der Lagerschale muss nicht durch eine spanende Bearbeitung hergestellt werden, wie dies bei dem komplexeren Lagerelement der Fall wäre, sondern kann auch durch unterschiedliche andere Herstellungsverfahren wie z.B. Pressen, Gießen, Sintern oder Schmieden hergestellt werden.According to a first, not claimed by the independent claim embodiment, the second surface of the bearing shell is cylindrical. Both the bearing shell and the bearing element can be produced in this case cost and production technology particularly simple. In this embodiment, the bearing shell receiving recess of the bearing element may be formed as a simple cylindrical recess, for example as a simple cylindrical bore. If the bearing element, for example, a connecting rod with a large connecting rod, then a simple cylindrical bore is sufficient to accommodate the bearing shell and rotatably support the crankshaft journal with the concave surface. There are no strict formal and tolerance specifications to be observed in the production, as would be required if the crankshaft journal facing surface of the large connecting rod eye would have to be adapted to the concave shape of the crankshaft journal. A simple, rough machining treatment of the inner surface of the cylindrical bore of the bearing element is sufficient. The adaptation of the crankshaft journal facing first, convexly shaped surface of the bearing shell to the concave surface of the crankshaft journal manufacturing technology is much easier and cheaper than the adjustment of the crankshaft journal facing surface of the bearing element. The complex component "bearing element" can be designed so simple and easy to produce, without sacrificing the advantages of a concave / convex bearing surface pairing on the crankshaft journal. The bearing shell is much smaller than the bearing element, so it is easier to process or edit. In addition, the bearing shell is formed axially symmetrical and has a much more uniform mass distribution than, for example, designed as a connecting rod bearing element. The Convex first surface of the bearing shell need not be machined, as would be the case with the more complex bearing element, but may also be made by various other manufacturing techniques such as pressing, casting, sintering or forging.
Nach einer zweiten, von dem unabhängigen Patentanspruch beanspruchten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die zweite Oberfläche der Lagerschale konkav ausgebildet, wobei die Krümmung dieser zweiten Oberfläche der Lagerschale geringer ausgebildet ist als die Krümmung der konkav geformten Oberfläche des Kurbelwellenzapfens. Auf diese Weise wird erreicht, dass die dem Kurbelwellenzapfen zugewandte Oberfläche des Lagerelements zumindest nicht so stark gekrümmt ausgebildet werden muss wie dies erforderlich wäre, wenn die dem Kurbelwellenzapfen zugewandte Oberfläche des Lagerelements an die konkav gekrümmte Oberfläche des Kurbelwellenzapfens angepasst werden müsste. Auch bei dieser Ausführungsform der Erfindung bleibt der Vorteil erhalten, dass das Lagerelement kostengünstig und mit einem vergleichsweise geringen Fertigungsaufwand herstellbar ist.According to a second, claimed by the independent claim embodiment of the invention, the second surface of the bearing shell is concave, wherein the curvature of this second surface of the bearing shell is formed smaller than the curvature of the concave shaped surface of the crankshaft journal. In this way, it is achieved that the surface of the bearing element facing the crankshaft journal does not have to be curved as much as would be required if the surface of the bearing element facing the crankshaft journal would have to be adapted to the concavely curved surface of the crankshaft journal. Also in this embodiment of the invention, the advantage is obtained that the bearing element is inexpensive and can be produced with a relatively low production cost.
Beiden vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsformen ist gemeinsam, dass der Fertigungsaufwand für das eigentliche Lagerelement, also die Pleuelstange mit dem großen Pleuelauge oder das den Hauptlagerzapfen einer Kurbelwelle aufnehmende Lagerelement des Motorgehäuses, mit wesentlich geringerem fertigungstechnischen und messtechnischen Aufwand hergestellt werden kann, wodurch die Herstellkosten deutlich reduziert werden. Es ist fertigungstechnisch wesentlich weniger aufwendig und daher auch kostengünstiger, lediglich die Lagerschale mit ihrer ersten, dem Kurbelwellenzapfen zugewandten Oberfläche an die konkave Form des Kurbelwellenzapfens anzupassen, als die dem Kurbelwellenzapfen zugewandte Lagerfläche des Lagerelementes selbst an die konkave Form des Kurbelwellenzapfens anzupassen. Der die Herstellungskosten und den Fertigungsaufwand erhöhende Arbeitsschritt, der die Anpassung der Form der Lagerfläche des Lagerelements an die konkav geformte Oberfläche des Kurbelwellenzapfens beinhaltet, wird erfindungsgemäß somit vom Lagerelement weg in die Lagerschale hinein verlagert. Die Vorteile einer Lagerung des Lagerelementes auf einem Kurbelwellenzapfen mit einer konkav geformten Lageroberfläche einerseits und der einfachen Ausgestaltung des Lagerelementes mit einer zylindrischen oder nur geringfügig gekrümmten konvexen Lagerfläche können durch die Erfindung miteinander verbunden und gleichzeitig ausgenutzt werden.Both embodiments described above have in common that the manufacturing cost of the actual bearing element, so the connecting rod with the large connecting rod or the main journal of a crankshaft receiving bearing element of the motor housing, can be manufactured with significantly lower manufacturing and metrological effort, whereby the production costs are significantly reduced , It is much less expensive to manufacture and therefore less expensive to adapt only the bearing shell with its first, the crankshaft journal surface facing the concave shape of the crankshaft journal, as the crankshaft journal facing bearing surface of the bearing element itself to adapt to the concave shape of the crankshaft journal. The production cost and the production cost increasing step, which includes the adaptation of the shape of the bearing surface of the bearing element to the concave surface of the crankshaft journal, according to the invention thus displaced away from the bearing element into the bearing shell inside. The advantages of a bearing of the bearing element on a crankshaft journal with a concave bearing surface on the one hand and the simple design of the bearing element with a cylindrical or only slightly curved convex bearing surface can be interconnected by the invention and utilized simultaneously.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand einer schematischen Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen
- Fig. 1a
- eine nicht beanspruchte Ausführungsform mit einem als Pleuelstange ausgebildeten Lagerelement, wobei die Pleuelstange mit ihrem großen Pleuelauge auf einem Kurbelzapfen einer Kurbelwelle gelagert ist, in einem lediglich einen Teil des Kurbeltriebs zeigenden Ausschnitt;
- Fig. 1b
- eine nicht beanspruchte Ausführungsform , bei der der Kurbelwellenzapfen als Hauptlagerzapfen einer Kurbelwelle ausgebildet ist, mit einer mit
Fig. 1a vergleichbaren Lagerschale, in einem lediglich einen Teil des Kurbeltriebs zeigenden Ausschnitt; - Fig. 2a
- eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung mit einem als Pleuelstange ausgebildeten Lagerelement, das mit seinem großen Pleuelauge auf einem Kurbelzapfen einer Kurbelwelle gelagert ist, in einer gegenüber
Fig. 1a abgewandelten Ausführungsform der Erfindung und ebenfalls in einem lediglich einen Teil des Kurbeltriebs zeigenden Ausschnitt; - Fig. 2b
- eine gegenüber
Fig. 1b abgewandelte Ausführungsform der Erfindung mit einer auf einem Hauptlagerzapfen einer Kurbelwelle angeordneten erfindungsgemäßen Lagerschale, in einem lediglich einen Teil des Kurbeltriebs zeigenden Ausschnitt; - Fig. 3
- einen Kurbeltrieb gemäß dem Stand der Technik.
- Fig. 1a
- an unclaimed embodiment with a connecting rod designed as a bearing element, wherein the connecting rod is mounted with its large connecting rod eye on a crank pin of a crankshaft, in a only part of the crank mechanism pointing cutout;
- Fig. 1b
- a not claimed embodiment, wherein the crankshaft journal is formed as a main journal of a crankshaft, with a with
Fig. 1a comparable bearing shell, in a section showing only a part of the crank mechanism; - Fig. 2a
- an embodiment of the invention with a designed as a connecting rod bearing element, which is mounted with its large connecting rod eye on a crank pin of a crankshaft, in a opposite
Fig. 1a modified embodiment of the invention and also in a only part of the crank mechanism pointing cutout; - Fig. 2b
- one opposite
Fig. 1b modified embodiment of the invention with a arranged on a main journal of a crankshaft bearing according to the invention, in a only part of the crank mechanism pointing cutout; - Fig. 3
- a crank mechanism according to the prior art.
In
Die
Sowohl in
Auf diese Weise wird ermöglicht, dass an einem komplexen Bauteil des Kurbeltriebs, nämlich dem Lagerelement 3, lediglich eine zylindrische Ausnehmung vorgesehen werden muss, so dass dieses komplexe Bauteil einfach und kostengünstig herstellbar ist. Gleichzeitig werden die Vorteile beibehalten, die mit der Lagerung des Lagerelementes auf einer konkav geformten Oberfläche des Kurbelwellenzapfens einhergehen. Diese Vorteile sind in der Druckschrift
Eine zweite, durch den unabhängigen Patentanspruch beanspruchte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist in den
A second, claimed by the independent claim embodiment of the invention is in the
Sowohl bei der Ausführungsform nach
Auf der von dem Kurbelwellenzapfen 2 abgewandten Seite weist die Lagerschale 4 eine zweite, konkav geformte Oberfläche 6 auf. Diese zweite, konkav geformte Oberfläche 6 weist eine wesentlich weniger starke Krümmung auf als die Krümmung der konkav geformten Oberfläche 1 des Kurbelwellenzapfens 2. Dementsprechend weist auch die der zweiten Oberfläche 6 der Lagerschale 4 zugewandte Oberfläche des Lagerelementes 3 eine deutlich geringere Krümmung auf als dies erforderlich wäre, wenn diese an die konkav geformte Oberfläche 1 des Kurbelwellenzapfens 2 angepasst werden müsste. Die Krümmung der zweiten, konkav geformten Oberfläche 6 der Lagerschale 4 bestimmt somit die Krümmung der konvex geformten, der Lagerschale 4 zugewandten Lagerfläche des Lagerelements 3. Aus diesem Grund kann die Formgebung dieser konvex geformten Lagerfläche des Lagerelements völlig unabhängig von der konkav geformten Lagerfläche des Kurbelwellenzapfens 2 gestaltet werden.On the side facing away from the
Dadurch, dass - ebenso wie bei der ersten, nicht beanspruchten Ausführungsform gemäß den
Bei der Ausführungsform nach den
Beiden vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsformen ist gemeinsam, dass ein sehr flexibler Kurbeltrieb zur Verfügung gestellt wird. Mit ein und derselben Kurbelwelle können beispielsweise unterschiedliche Pleuelstangen kombiniert werden, wobei lediglich unterschiedlich ausgestaltete Lagerschalen 4 zwischen dem Kurbelwellenzapfen und dem großen Pleuelauge der Pleuelstange angeordnet werden müssen. In ähnlicher Weise können unterschiedlich geformte Lagerböcke zur Aufnahme der Hauptlagerzapfen ein und derselben Kurbelwelle verwendet werden, wobei lediglich entsprechend angepasste Lagerschalen 4 zwischen dem Kurbelwellenhauptlagerzapfen und dem Lagerbock angeordnet werden müssen. Auf diese Weise können an dem konkreten Einsatzfall optimal angepasste Lagerelemente mit ein und derselben Kurbelwelle auf einfache Weise kombiniert werden. Auch ist es möglich, ein und dieselbe Kurbelwelle in unterschiedlichen Motorgehäusen mit unterschiedlich gestalteten Lagerböcken für die Aufnahme der Kurbelwelle einzusetzen.Both embodiments described above have in common that a very flexible crank mechanism is provided. For example, different connecting rods can be combined with one and the same crankshaft, with only differently configured
Die vorstehend genannten Vorteile sind in der Praxis von großer Bedeutung. Die Lagerungsgeometrie, das heißt die Geometrien der miteinander in Wirkverbindung stehenden Lagerflächen, können bei der Erfindung hinsichtlich des Anwendungsfalls optimiert werden, beispielsweise im Hinblick auf dynamisches Verhalten der Lagerpartner, Schmierung der Lagerung, Prozessparameter während des Motorbetriebs usw. Dies kann z.B. im Hinblick auf die deutlich unterschiedlichen Druckniveaus ausgenutzt werden, bei denen Motoren betrieben werden. So treten beispielsweise bei Benzinmotoren und Dieselmotoren im Betrieb deutlich unterschiedliche Drücke auf. Die im Betrieb auftretenden Drücke sind bei Dieselmotoren deutlich größer als bei Benzinmotoren. Daher sind auch z.B. die Anforderungen an die Lagerung der Pleuelstangen auf dem Kurbelzapfen der Kurbelwelle bzw. an die Lagerung der Kurbelwellehauptzapfen im Motorgehäuse bei Dieselmotoren andere als bei Benzinmotoren, so dass die jeweiligen Lagerungen konstruktiv unterschiedlich gestaltet werden müssen, um die jeweils geforderte Lebensdauer des Kurbeltriebs zu erreichen. Die vorliegende Erfindung ermöglicht es nun, trotz dieser unterschiedlichen Anforderungen bei unterschiedlichen Motoren ein und dieselbe Kurbelwelle zu verwenden, denn die erforderlichen Unterschiede im Hinblick auf die Ausgestaltung der Lagerungen werden erfindungsgemäß durch die Verwendung einer an den Einsatzfall angepassten Lagerschale zusammen mit einer an die Lagerschale angepassten Pleuelstange realisiert.The advantages mentioned above are of great importance in practice. The geometry of the bearing, that is, the geometries of the mutually operatively connected bearing surfaces can be optimized in the invention in terms of application, for example, in terms of dynamic behavior of the bearing partners, lubrication of storage, process parameters during engine operation, etc. This can, for example, with regard to distinctly different Be exploited pressure levels at which engines are operated. For example, gasoline engines and diesel engines experience significantly different pressures during operation. The pressures occurring during operation are significantly greater in diesel engines than in gasoline engines. Therefore, for example, the requirements for the storage of the connecting rods on the crank pin of the crankshaft and the bearing of the crankshaft main journal in the engine housing in diesel engines other than petrol engines, so that the respective bearings must be designed differently designed to the respective required life of the crank mechanism to reach. The present invention makes it possible to use one and the same crankshaft despite these different requirements for different engines, because the required differences in terms of the design of the bearings according to the invention by using a customized to the application bearing shell together with a matched to the bearing shell Connecting rod realized.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lagerschalenlösung stellt dem Konstrukteur eine größere Flexibilität im Hinblick auf anwendungsfallbezogene Anpassungs- und Optimierungsprozesse zur Verfügung. Die Lagerflächenpaarung zwischen Lagerelement 3 und Lagerschale 4 kann auf einfache Weise unterschiedlich ausgestaltet werden, ohne dass die Auslegung und Gestaltung der Kurbelwelle selbst verändert werden müsste.The bearing cup solution according to the invention provides the designer with greater flexibility with regard to application-related adaptation and optimization processes. The bearing surface pairing between the
Claims (1)
- Crank drive having a crankshaft journal (2) of a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, which crankshaft journal (2) has a concavely shaped surface (1), a bearing element (3), in which the crankshaft journal (2) is mounted rotatably, and a bearing shell (4) which is arranged between the crankshaft journal (2) and the bearing element (3) and has a convexly shaped first surface (5) which is assigned to the concavely shaped surface (1) of the crankshaft journal (2), the bearing shell (4) having a second surface (6) which is assigned to the bearing element (3) and is configured in such a way that, as viewed in the longitudinal direction of the crankshaft journal (2), the bearing shell (4) has a non-constant cross section, and that the surface of the bearing element (3) which faces the bearing shell (4) being adapted with regard to its shape to the second surface (6) of the bearing shell (4), characterized in that the second surface (6) of the bearing shell (4) is concave and has a smaller curvature here than the concavely shaped surface (1) of the crankshaft journal (2).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011013264A DE102011013264A1 (en) | 2011-03-07 | 2011-03-07 | crankshaft |
PCT/IB2012/000423 WO2012120362A1 (en) | 2011-03-07 | 2012-03-05 | Crank drive |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2683957A1 EP2683957A1 (en) | 2014-01-15 |
EP2683957B1 true EP2683957B1 (en) | 2018-05-02 |
Family
ID=45932451
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12712730.6A Not-in-force EP2683957B1 (en) | 2011-03-07 | 2012-03-05 | Crank drive |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8992087B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2683957B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5781632B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103492732B (en) |
BR (1) | BR112013022843A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2828932A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102011013264A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX344262B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012120362A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN104832540B (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2019-04-16 | 北京宝沃汽车有限公司 | Bearing shell for engine and the engine with the bearing shell |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1124282A (en) * | 1913-08-30 | 1915-01-12 | Louis D Bragassa | Wear-compensating bearing. |
US1716062A (en) * | 1926-07-28 | 1929-06-04 | Elmer A Johnson | Self-adjusting bearing |
US1931231A (en) * | 1930-07-01 | 1933-10-17 | Robert B Luker | Self-adjusting angular crank shaft and bearing |
DE1261704B (en) * | 1958-06-07 | 1968-02-22 | Daimler Benz Ag | Crankshaft and connecting rod training in piston engines and machines with plain bearings |
DE2223721A1 (en) | 1971-11-29 | 1973-06-07 | Thaelmann Schwermaschbau Veb | ADJUSTABLE SLIDING BEARING |
JPS55101622U (en) * | 1979-01-08 | 1980-07-15 | ||
US4732493A (en) * | 1984-08-03 | 1988-03-22 | Sarcem S.A. | Autolubricating bearing |
JPH02109009U (en) * | 1989-02-17 | 1990-08-30 | ||
JPH02130419U (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1990-10-26 | ||
JPH11223219A (en) * | 1998-02-06 | 1999-08-17 | Daido Metal Co Ltd | Sliding bearing |
DE10130253B4 (en) * | 2001-06-22 | 2004-08-12 | Man B & W Diesel Ag | Plain bearings, in particular a connecting rod for reciprocating internal combustion engines |
DE102007018434A1 (en) | 2007-04-19 | 2008-10-30 | ThyssenKrupp Metalúrgica Campo Limpo Ltda. | crankshaft |
DE102007026371A1 (en) | 2007-06-06 | 2008-12-11 | GM Global Technology Operations, Inc., Detroit | crankshaft |
US8308368B2 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2012-11-13 | Rexnord Industries, Llc | Track roller |
-
2011
- 2011-03-07 DE DE102011013264A patent/DE102011013264A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2012
- 2012-03-05 CA CA2828932A patent/CA2828932A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-03-05 MX MX2013009519A patent/MX344262B/en active IP Right Grant
- 2012-03-05 US US14/003,983 patent/US8992087B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-03-05 CN CN201280011849.8A patent/CN103492732B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-03-05 WO PCT/IB2012/000423 patent/WO2012120362A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-03-05 EP EP12712730.6A patent/EP2683957B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2012-03-05 JP JP2013557184A patent/JP5781632B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-03-05 BR BR112013022843A patent/BR112013022843A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2014508259A (en) | 2014-04-03 |
US20140050429A1 (en) | 2014-02-20 |
MX2013009519A (en) | 2013-10-01 |
MX344262B (en) | 2016-12-09 |
US8992087B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 |
BR112013022843A2 (en) | 2016-12-06 |
WO2012120362A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
DE102011013264A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
JP5781632B2 (en) | 2015-09-24 |
EP2683957A1 (en) | 2014-01-15 |
CN103492732B (en) | 2016-03-23 |
CA2828932A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
CN103492732A (en) | 2014-01-01 |
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