EP2680667A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'une installation de chauffage et outil comprenant l'installation de chauffage - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'une installation de chauffage et outil comprenant l'installation de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2680667A1
EP2680667A1 EP13003263.4A EP13003263A EP2680667A1 EP 2680667 A1 EP2680667 A1 EP 2680667A1 EP 13003263 A EP13003263 A EP 13003263A EP 2680667 A1 EP2680667 A1 EP 2680667A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
groove
tool
heating element
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13003263.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2680667B1 (fr
Inventor
Robert Stürzer
Oliver MÜLLER
Bernd Wölfer
Ulrich Schmid
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HERMLE MASCHINENBAU GmbH
Original Assignee
HERMLE MASCHINENBAU GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by HERMLE MASCHINENBAU GmbH filed Critical HERMLE MASCHINENBAU GmbH
Publication of EP2680667A1 publication Critical patent/EP2680667A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2680667B1 publication Critical patent/EP2680667B1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a heating arrangement. Furthermore, the invention relates to a heating arrangement with an integrated heating element and a tool for forming and / or heating a component with the heating arrangement.
  • a molded component or a circuit board is first converted by heating in the annealing furnace to about 870 ° C to 950 ° C in the austenitic region.
  • the component is then placed in a water-cooled tool, reshaped or held and thus cooled down to about 200 to 100 ° C within a few seconds.
  • This heat treatment results in a martensitic microstructure. This increases the strength of the component and allows a tensile strength of e.g. 1650 MPa.
  • the hard components provide excellent crash performance for the vehicle. It turns out, however, that for optimal safety reserves in occupant protection and crash behavior of the body at certain points, depending on the vehicle concept, a mixed structure of martensite, austenite and ferrite is necessary.
  • a method for producing a heating arrangement comprising the following steps: (i) providing a base element with at least one groove in the surface of the base element, (ii) inserting at least one heating element into the groove, and (iii) cohesive Closing the groove and simultaneously enclosing the element by powder spraying, preferably cold gas spraying.
  • a heating element preferably formed as insulated heating wire inserted.
  • the groove is closed by spraying powder. This ensures that the heating element is fully positively connected to the base element, so that an optimal heat transfer is ensured.
  • the groove and the heating element can follow any path or any geometry in the surface of the base element and thus at certain, selected positions, the surface of the base element and thus also the surface-mounted component heat extremely konturnah.
  • the heating elements are in particular constructed in three parts. Inside there is a live wire. This wire is wrapped with insulation. The insulation in turn is covered with a metal sheath. This metal jacket allows the application of particular ductile materials, such as metal or polymers, preferably by the cold gas spraying process. The result is a cohesive connection for the optimum temperature transition, wherein the powder particles connect to the jacket of the heating element, without destroying the shell and in particular without the underlying insulation.
  • a heat treatment of the heating arrangement takes place in order to achieve strength values comparable to conventionally produced heating arrangements.
  • the groove over a certain, preferably its entire length is completely filled with the heating element and the injected material. There are thus no cavities within the groove after completion of the heating arrangement.
  • the heating element is completely enclosed by the material of the base element and by the injected material.
  • the desired surface can be produced on the base element by a chip removing process.
  • the groove occluding geometry is therefore not made separately, but injected directly into the groove and on the heating element.
  • the groove has a curved course and the heating element according to the groove is also curved.
  • the heating element in particular designed as a heating wire, following almost any radii, can be installed extremely contour close to the surface of the base member.
  • the course of the heating element is ultimately only limited by the minimum bending radius of the heating element.
  • the contours near the heating element in a three-dimensional surface of the base element is possible.
  • the advantage of the method used here is thus that the geometric shape of the heating element, in particular designed as a heating wire, apart from observance of a minimum bending radius is not subject to any restrictions. As a result, the contours near the heating element even on curved surfaces is possible.
  • a plurality of individual heating elements are inserted into a groove. It is also possible that a plurality of individual grooves are introduced into the base element, in which case in each individual groove Heating elements are inserted.
  • the individual grooves may have different distances to the surface of the base member and overlap each other. This results in several layers of heating elements.
  • a second groove is milled into the injected material, which is used to close a first groove. This second groove does not have to run parallel to the first groove, so that the second groove is only partially introduced into the sprayed material.
  • this second groove also at least one heating element is inserted. Subsequently, the second groove is closed by powder spraying, preferably cold gas spraying. This results in superimposed layers of heating elements.
  • the heating elements have a round or polygonal cross section.
  • the cross section of the heating element is preferably between 0.25 mm and 15 mm, with polygonal cross sections counting the largest cross section.
  • the length of a single heating element is preferably between 10 mm and 20,000 mm.
  • the operating temperature for the entire heating arrangement ranges from 0 to over 1000 ° C.
  • the method according to the invention has decisive advantages over conventional methods, for example with heating cartridges in bores.
  • the powder spraying gives optimum heat transfer from the heating element to the base element. This also results in a uniform and well controllable heat input into the corresponding component. Even with three-dimensional surfaces on the base element, a very near contour heat transfer to the component can be achieved.
  • no foreign material is introduced by spraying. Rather, the same or a similar material may be used according to the base member. As a result, different length expansions in the heating arrangement are avoided and no low melting point, no low strength or no low heat transfer must be taken into account.
  • the invention further comprises a heating arrangement with a base element and at least one groove.
  • a heating arrangement with a base element and at least one groove.
  • the groove is cohesively with a powdered, preferably cold-gas sprayed, Material sealed, at the same time the heating element is enclosed by the injected material. At least in a destructive examination of the heating arrangement can be seen whether the groove was closed by spraying or not.
  • the heating arrangement according to the invention is particularly well suited because a contoured component can be heated.
  • a tool for forming and / or heating a component is provided.
  • This tool comprises at least one heating arrangement described above, wherein the surface of the base element is designed for supporting the component.
  • the surface of the base member is the surface into which the grooves are inserted.
  • the tool has a tool base body with a tool surface.
  • This tool surface is designed to support the component, which is to be heated and / or reshaped.
  • the tool surface is partially formed by the surface of the heater assembly.
  • the heating arrangement is inserted into the tool base body, so that the surface of the heating arrangement partially forms the tool surface.
  • a pressure plate and / or a thermal insulation are arranged between the tool base body and the heating arrangement.
  • the pressure plate is located between the thermal insulation and the tool body.
  • spring elements are preferably provided between the tool base body and the heating arrangement.
  • the tool according to the invention or the heating arrangement can be operated at temperatures of more than 900 ° C. Due to corresponding temperature expansions, the heating arrangement can not be rigidly bolted to the tool body. Therefore, the spring elements, for example, designed as disc springs, provided. As a result, regardless of the length expansion, the heating arrangement always lies completely against the component due to the temperature.
  • spacer elements and / or centering rods extend from the tool body in the direction of the heating arrangement.
  • the spacer elements are in particular designed as spacer tubes.
  • the spacer element and / or the centering stuck in recesses in the base element of the heating arrangement.
  • both the upper and the lower die have a tool base body with integrated heating arrangement, as just described.
  • the technology of hot forming or press hardening described above makes the steel stronger (up to a tensile strength of 1650 MPa), but also more brittle, ie the elongation at break decreases. There is a requirement that some components in certain areas should be ductile or more plastic, since these components in the event of a crash, a higher energy absorption capacity is required. These body components are said to have the ability to absorb forces extremely quickly without tearing or breaking, even in a high velocity impact. Brittle materials can cause injury during rupture (crash) caused by flying parts. In practice, by introducing an additional process step, called annealing or tempering, the hardness of the component is reduced and set the desired performance characteristics (hardness, tensile strength and higher toughness) of the steel.
  • the hardness or tensile strength can be adjusted only over the entire component.
  • the tool according to the invention now makes it possible to adjust the characteristic of the service hardness and ductility only in a specific region of the component, for example an automobile body, in order to ensure a correct measure between high tensile strength and plastic deformability.
  • the heating arrangements also referred to as inserts, preferably located in the upper and lower die of a tool.
  • the heating arrangements are heated to a certain temperature, depending on the specification of the component properties.
  • the heating elements can be introduced in several layers one above the other by means of the powder spraying process.
  • the heating elements are materially connected to the structure of the base element, so that an optimal temperature transition with relatively short heating times to operating temperature, for example, in the setup process of a tool can be achieved.
  • the entire system is electrically heated, controlled and regulated, and it can be integrated, for example, into an existing cold-forming, hot-forming, press-hardening, and magnesium or CFRP manufacturing line.
  • individually ductile required areas can be produced partially to reach the austenitizing temperature (hardening). An annealing takes place during the cooling process at the same cycle time in the component pass.
  • Temperatures of 0 ° C to 1000 ° C are possible, so that very precise component properties can be set.
  • the control and regulation of the system takes place, inter alia, with the aid of permanently integrated temperature sensors, which lie very close to the heating elements and in particular for each position of the Heating elements are arranged separately.
  • the process can be applied to all known Hot Forming Steels (MB, LA) and all tempered areas, including galvanized sheet metal, uncoated, plastic and CFRP materials.
  • the tool according to the invention makes it possible to be used both for hot forming (direct process) of flat boards, and for the subsequent press hardening (indirect process) of molded components, as well as in various applications for plastic and CFRP.
  • the geometric possibilities are unrestricted and it is possible to make a close contour.
  • the connection of the heating arrangements with the tool body can be done as described above via spacers and spring elements. However, it is equally possible to use a corresponding spring-loaded screw connection, which allows at least a stroke of approximately 0.5 mm between the heating arrangement and the tool base body.
  • the heating arrangements are manufactured and used individually for different requirements and different component geometries. Depending on the process application and material selection of the component to be processed, a differently adapted structure of the heating arrangements takes place in the tool.
  • the heat transfer areas for cooling and the formation of mixed structures in the transition area via the air gap and elongation at a temperature for metallic and non-metallic component materials are taken into account.
  • the cooling component is not cooled in the area of the heated heating arrangements in the tool and there is thus no structural transformation in the corresponding areas, so that set ductile areas.
  • the heating elements are in particular multi-layer firmly integrated in the base element, so that a homogeneous temperature distribution is achieved.
  • conductive and non-conductive metal materials can be used for the production.
  • the heater assemblies of the present invention due to the wide temperature range, can be used for all process techniques for materials that can deform under temperature or that require temperature to complete a geometry or property. So can the treated component For example, be made of steel, aluminum, magnesium, plastic or CFRP.
  • the tool according to the invention in the hot-forming technology, the component properties can be controlled or adjusted differently during the hot-forming process or during the press-hardening. Since only energy or heat is introduced to the partially desired areas, there is an improved energy balance compared to conventional methods in which, for example, components are completely charged with heat or larger cross sections have to be heated.
  • thermocouples By firmly connected to the structure of the base element heating elements and thermocouples, which can be used contour and near the surface, very uniform temperature characteristics, and thus homogeneous ductile finely adjusted component properties can be produced. Uniform and rapid heating is a prerequisite for a uniform component structure. Exact heat transfer zones can be defined by the contours of the heating elements.
  • the process times for heating and cooling of a hot forming tool in the described invention with the specific heating arrangements can be exactly coordinated with each other, so that cycle time losses are approximately avoided.
  • the heating arrangements described can be relatively easily integrated into the tool body, so that additional methods for improved component serviceability, in particular in automotive body construction, are not necessary.
  • the areas of application are to be seen in particular on the A, B or C pillar or on the sill of an automobile body. Especially with these components, it is necessary that only certain sections are hardened and other sections remain ductile.
  • FIG. 1 shows in simplified representation on the left a plan view of the heating arrangement 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows the in FIG. 1 marked section AA.
  • the heating arrangement 1 comprises a base element 2, preferably made of metal.
  • a groove 6 is milled.
  • the groove 6 meanders along a surface 3 of the base element 2.
  • a heating element designed as a heating wire, inserted so that the heating element 4 is bent and the meandering shape of the groove 6 follows.
  • FIG. 1 shows that at least three layers of grooves 6 and heating elements 4 are arranged one above the other in the base element 2.
  • the individual layers 5 have different distances to the surface 3.
  • At least one groove 6 with at least one inserted heating element 4 is provided per layer 5.
  • FIG. 2 shows in detail the structure of the groove 6.
  • the groove 6 is open to the surface 3 out.
  • the heating element 4 is arranged in the bottom of the groove.
  • the heating element 4 here has a round cross-section with a diameter 10.
  • the complete, remaining free space of the groove 6 is filled with a molded material 7.
  • a powder injection method in particular a cold gas spraying method, is used. This ensures that the heating element 4 is fully connected in a form-fitting manner to the material of the base element 2 or to the sprayed material 7.
  • the injected material 7 in turn is complete positively connected to the material of the base element 2. This ensures optimum heat transfer from the heating element 4 to the surface 3.
  • FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the heating assembly 1.
  • the same or functionally identical components are provided in all embodiments with the same reference numerals.
  • the second embodiment there are a plurality of juxtaposed grooves 6, each with at least one inserted heating element 4.
  • this heating arrangement it is possible to produce on the surface 3 most different temperatures, since each heating element 4 can be controlled separately.
  • FIG. 4 shows according to a third embodiment, a tool 11.
  • This tool 11 has a tool base 13.
  • At least one heating arrangement 1 is inserted or integrated in the tool base body 13.
  • the tool 11 is used for heating and / or forming a component.
  • the component rests on a tool surface of the tool base body 13, whereby a part of the surface of the tool base body 13 is created by the heating arrangement 1 and thus by the surface 3 of the heating arrangement 1.
  • a displacement surface 12 is formed for a possible deformation of the corresponding component.
  • At least one spacer element 17, designed as a spacer tube, and a centering device 18 extend from the tool base body 11.
  • the heating arrangement 1, in particular the base element 2, is placed on the spacer element 17 and the centering device 18.
  • Between the insulation 14 and the tool body 13 is a pressure plate 15 for uniform power transmission.
  • At least one thermal sensor 19 is integrated into the base element 2.
  • at least one thermal sensor 19 is integrated into the base element 2 per layer 5 and / or per groove 6.
  • the thermocouple 19 is inserted into a recess in the base element 2 and then enclosed by the powder injection method.

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  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
EP13003263.4A 2012-06-29 2013-06-26 Procédé de fabrication d'une installation de chauffage et outil comprenant l'installation de chauffage Active EP2680667B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012012968.8A DE102012012968A1 (de) 2012-06-29 2012-06-29 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Heizanordnung und Werkzeug umfassend die Heizanordnung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2680667A1 true EP2680667A1 (fr) 2014-01-01
EP2680667B1 EP2680667B1 (fr) 2015-03-18

Family

ID=48875449

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13003263.4A Active EP2680667B1 (fr) 2012-06-29 2013-06-26 Procédé de fabrication d'une installation de chauffage et outil comprenant l'installation de chauffage

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EP (1) EP2680667B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102012012968A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5230931A (en) * 1975-09-03 1977-03-09 Yasuo Ikeda Manufacturing process for panel heater
EP0962961A2 (fr) * 1998-05-29 1999-12-08 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Suscepteurs
JP2004071182A (ja) * 2002-08-01 2004-03-04 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd 複合ヒータ

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5230931A (en) * 1975-09-03 1977-03-09 Yasuo Ikeda Manufacturing process for panel heater
EP0962961A2 (fr) * 1998-05-29 1999-12-08 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Suscepteurs
JP2004071182A (ja) * 2002-08-01 2004-03-04 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd 複合ヒータ

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2680667B1 (fr) 2015-03-18
DE102012012968A1 (de) 2014-01-02

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