EP2680667A1 - Process for the preparation of a heating assembly and tool including the heating assembly - Google Patents
Process for the preparation of a heating assembly and tool including the heating assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2680667A1 EP2680667A1 EP13003263.4A EP13003263A EP2680667A1 EP 2680667 A1 EP2680667 A1 EP 2680667A1 EP 13003263 A EP13003263 A EP 13003263A EP 2680667 A1 EP2680667 A1 EP 2680667A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heating
- groove
- tool
- heating element
- component
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 239000004918 carbon fiber reinforced polymer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a heating arrangement. Furthermore, the invention relates to a heating arrangement with an integrated heating element and a tool for forming and / or heating a component with the heating arrangement.
- a molded component or a circuit board is first converted by heating in the annealing furnace to about 870 ° C to 950 ° C in the austenitic region.
- the component is then placed in a water-cooled tool, reshaped or held and thus cooled down to about 200 to 100 ° C within a few seconds.
- This heat treatment results in a martensitic microstructure. This increases the strength of the component and allows a tensile strength of e.g. 1650 MPa.
- the hard components provide excellent crash performance for the vehicle. It turns out, however, that for optimal safety reserves in occupant protection and crash behavior of the body at certain points, depending on the vehicle concept, a mixed structure of martensite, austenite and ferrite is necessary.
- a method for producing a heating arrangement comprising the following steps: (i) providing a base element with at least one groove in the surface of the base element, (ii) inserting at least one heating element into the groove, and (iii) cohesive Closing the groove and simultaneously enclosing the element by powder spraying, preferably cold gas spraying.
- a heating element preferably formed as insulated heating wire inserted.
- the groove is closed by spraying powder. This ensures that the heating element is fully positively connected to the base element, so that an optimal heat transfer is ensured.
- the groove and the heating element can follow any path or any geometry in the surface of the base element and thus at certain, selected positions, the surface of the base element and thus also the surface-mounted component heat extremely konturnah.
- the heating elements are in particular constructed in three parts. Inside there is a live wire. This wire is wrapped with insulation. The insulation in turn is covered with a metal sheath. This metal jacket allows the application of particular ductile materials, such as metal or polymers, preferably by the cold gas spraying process. The result is a cohesive connection for the optimum temperature transition, wherein the powder particles connect to the jacket of the heating element, without destroying the shell and in particular without the underlying insulation.
- a heat treatment of the heating arrangement takes place in order to achieve strength values comparable to conventionally produced heating arrangements.
- the groove over a certain, preferably its entire length is completely filled with the heating element and the injected material. There are thus no cavities within the groove after completion of the heating arrangement.
- the heating element is completely enclosed by the material of the base element and by the injected material.
- the desired surface can be produced on the base element by a chip removing process.
- the groove occluding geometry is therefore not made separately, but injected directly into the groove and on the heating element.
- the groove has a curved course and the heating element according to the groove is also curved.
- the heating element in particular designed as a heating wire, following almost any radii, can be installed extremely contour close to the surface of the base member.
- the course of the heating element is ultimately only limited by the minimum bending radius of the heating element.
- the contours near the heating element in a three-dimensional surface of the base element is possible.
- the advantage of the method used here is thus that the geometric shape of the heating element, in particular designed as a heating wire, apart from observance of a minimum bending radius is not subject to any restrictions. As a result, the contours near the heating element even on curved surfaces is possible.
- a plurality of individual heating elements are inserted into a groove. It is also possible that a plurality of individual grooves are introduced into the base element, in which case in each individual groove Heating elements are inserted.
- the individual grooves may have different distances to the surface of the base member and overlap each other. This results in several layers of heating elements.
- a second groove is milled into the injected material, which is used to close a first groove. This second groove does not have to run parallel to the first groove, so that the second groove is only partially introduced into the sprayed material.
- this second groove also at least one heating element is inserted. Subsequently, the second groove is closed by powder spraying, preferably cold gas spraying. This results in superimposed layers of heating elements.
- the heating elements have a round or polygonal cross section.
- the cross section of the heating element is preferably between 0.25 mm and 15 mm, with polygonal cross sections counting the largest cross section.
- the length of a single heating element is preferably between 10 mm and 20,000 mm.
- the operating temperature for the entire heating arrangement ranges from 0 to over 1000 ° C.
- the method according to the invention has decisive advantages over conventional methods, for example with heating cartridges in bores.
- the powder spraying gives optimum heat transfer from the heating element to the base element. This also results in a uniform and well controllable heat input into the corresponding component. Even with three-dimensional surfaces on the base element, a very near contour heat transfer to the component can be achieved.
- no foreign material is introduced by spraying. Rather, the same or a similar material may be used according to the base member. As a result, different length expansions in the heating arrangement are avoided and no low melting point, no low strength or no low heat transfer must be taken into account.
- the invention further comprises a heating arrangement with a base element and at least one groove.
- a heating arrangement with a base element and at least one groove.
- the groove is cohesively with a powdered, preferably cold-gas sprayed, Material sealed, at the same time the heating element is enclosed by the injected material. At least in a destructive examination of the heating arrangement can be seen whether the groove was closed by spraying or not.
- the heating arrangement according to the invention is particularly well suited because a contoured component can be heated.
- a tool for forming and / or heating a component is provided.
- This tool comprises at least one heating arrangement described above, wherein the surface of the base element is designed for supporting the component.
- the surface of the base member is the surface into which the grooves are inserted.
- the tool has a tool base body with a tool surface.
- This tool surface is designed to support the component, which is to be heated and / or reshaped.
- the tool surface is partially formed by the surface of the heater assembly.
- the heating arrangement is inserted into the tool base body, so that the surface of the heating arrangement partially forms the tool surface.
- a pressure plate and / or a thermal insulation are arranged between the tool base body and the heating arrangement.
- the pressure plate is located between the thermal insulation and the tool body.
- spring elements are preferably provided between the tool base body and the heating arrangement.
- the tool according to the invention or the heating arrangement can be operated at temperatures of more than 900 ° C. Due to corresponding temperature expansions, the heating arrangement can not be rigidly bolted to the tool body. Therefore, the spring elements, for example, designed as disc springs, provided. As a result, regardless of the length expansion, the heating arrangement always lies completely against the component due to the temperature.
- spacer elements and / or centering rods extend from the tool body in the direction of the heating arrangement.
- the spacer elements are in particular designed as spacer tubes.
- the spacer element and / or the centering stuck in recesses in the base element of the heating arrangement.
- both the upper and the lower die have a tool base body with integrated heating arrangement, as just described.
- the technology of hot forming or press hardening described above makes the steel stronger (up to a tensile strength of 1650 MPa), but also more brittle, ie the elongation at break decreases. There is a requirement that some components in certain areas should be ductile or more plastic, since these components in the event of a crash, a higher energy absorption capacity is required. These body components are said to have the ability to absorb forces extremely quickly without tearing or breaking, even in a high velocity impact. Brittle materials can cause injury during rupture (crash) caused by flying parts. In practice, by introducing an additional process step, called annealing or tempering, the hardness of the component is reduced and set the desired performance characteristics (hardness, tensile strength and higher toughness) of the steel.
- the hardness or tensile strength can be adjusted only over the entire component.
- the tool according to the invention now makes it possible to adjust the characteristic of the service hardness and ductility only in a specific region of the component, for example an automobile body, in order to ensure a correct measure between high tensile strength and plastic deformability.
- the heating arrangements also referred to as inserts, preferably located in the upper and lower die of a tool.
- the heating arrangements are heated to a certain temperature, depending on the specification of the component properties.
- the heating elements can be introduced in several layers one above the other by means of the powder spraying process.
- the heating elements are materially connected to the structure of the base element, so that an optimal temperature transition with relatively short heating times to operating temperature, for example, in the setup process of a tool can be achieved.
- the entire system is electrically heated, controlled and regulated, and it can be integrated, for example, into an existing cold-forming, hot-forming, press-hardening, and magnesium or CFRP manufacturing line.
- individually ductile required areas can be produced partially to reach the austenitizing temperature (hardening). An annealing takes place during the cooling process at the same cycle time in the component pass.
- Temperatures of 0 ° C to 1000 ° C are possible, so that very precise component properties can be set.
- the control and regulation of the system takes place, inter alia, with the aid of permanently integrated temperature sensors, which lie very close to the heating elements and in particular for each position of the Heating elements are arranged separately.
- the process can be applied to all known Hot Forming Steels (MB, LA) and all tempered areas, including galvanized sheet metal, uncoated, plastic and CFRP materials.
- the tool according to the invention makes it possible to be used both for hot forming (direct process) of flat boards, and for the subsequent press hardening (indirect process) of molded components, as well as in various applications for plastic and CFRP.
- the geometric possibilities are unrestricted and it is possible to make a close contour.
- the connection of the heating arrangements with the tool body can be done as described above via spacers and spring elements. However, it is equally possible to use a corresponding spring-loaded screw connection, which allows at least a stroke of approximately 0.5 mm between the heating arrangement and the tool base body.
- the heating arrangements are manufactured and used individually for different requirements and different component geometries. Depending on the process application and material selection of the component to be processed, a differently adapted structure of the heating arrangements takes place in the tool.
- the heat transfer areas for cooling and the formation of mixed structures in the transition area via the air gap and elongation at a temperature for metallic and non-metallic component materials are taken into account.
- the cooling component is not cooled in the area of the heated heating arrangements in the tool and there is thus no structural transformation in the corresponding areas, so that set ductile areas.
- the heating elements are in particular multi-layer firmly integrated in the base element, so that a homogeneous temperature distribution is achieved.
- conductive and non-conductive metal materials can be used for the production.
- the heater assemblies of the present invention due to the wide temperature range, can be used for all process techniques for materials that can deform under temperature or that require temperature to complete a geometry or property. So can the treated component For example, be made of steel, aluminum, magnesium, plastic or CFRP.
- the tool according to the invention in the hot-forming technology, the component properties can be controlled or adjusted differently during the hot-forming process or during the press-hardening. Since only energy or heat is introduced to the partially desired areas, there is an improved energy balance compared to conventional methods in which, for example, components are completely charged with heat or larger cross sections have to be heated.
- thermocouples By firmly connected to the structure of the base element heating elements and thermocouples, which can be used contour and near the surface, very uniform temperature characteristics, and thus homogeneous ductile finely adjusted component properties can be produced. Uniform and rapid heating is a prerequisite for a uniform component structure. Exact heat transfer zones can be defined by the contours of the heating elements.
- the process times for heating and cooling of a hot forming tool in the described invention with the specific heating arrangements can be exactly coordinated with each other, so that cycle time losses are approximately avoided.
- the heating arrangements described can be relatively easily integrated into the tool body, so that additional methods for improved component serviceability, in particular in automotive body construction, are not necessary.
- the areas of application are to be seen in particular on the A, B or C pillar or on the sill of an automobile body. Especially with these components, it is necessary that only certain sections are hardened and other sections remain ductile.
- FIG. 1 shows in simplified representation on the left a plan view of the heating arrangement 1.
- FIG. 2 shows the in FIG. 1 marked section AA.
- the heating arrangement 1 comprises a base element 2, preferably made of metal.
- a groove 6 is milled.
- the groove 6 meanders along a surface 3 of the base element 2.
- a heating element designed as a heating wire, inserted so that the heating element 4 is bent and the meandering shape of the groove 6 follows.
- FIG. 1 shows that at least three layers of grooves 6 and heating elements 4 are arranged one above the other in the base element 2.
- the individual layers 5 have different distances to the surface 3.
- At least one groove 6 with at least one inserted heating element 4 is provided per layer 5.
- FIG. 2 shows in detail the structure of the groove 6.
- the groove 6 is open to the surface 3 out.
- the heating element 4 is arranged in the bottom of the groove.
- the heating element 4 here has a round cross-section with a diameter 10.
- the complete, remaining free space of the groove 6 is filled with a molded material 7.
- a powder injection method in particular a cold gas spraying method, is used. This ensures that the heating element 4 is fully connected in a form-fitting manner to the material of the base element 2 or to the sprayed material 7.
- the injected material 7 in turn is complete positively connected to the material of the base element 2. This ensures optimum heat transfer from the heating element 4 to the surface 3.
- FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the heating assembly 1.
- the same or functionally identical components are provided in all embodiments with the same reference numerals.
- the second embodiment there are a plurality of juxtaposed grooves 6, each with at least one inserted heating element 4.
- this heating arrangement it is possible to produce on the surface 3 most different temperatures, since each heating element 4 can be controlled separately.
- FIG. 4 shows according to a third embodiment, a tool 11.
- This tool 11 has a tool base 13.
- At least one heating arrangement 1 is inserted or integrated in the tool base body 13.
- the tool 11 is used for heating and / or forming a component.
- the component rests on a tool surface of the tool base body 13, whereby a part of the surface of the tool base body 13 is created by the heating arrangement 1 and thus by the surface 3 of the heating arrangement 1.
- a displacement surface 12 is formed for a possible deformation of the corresponding component.
- At least one spacer element 17, designed as a spacer tube, and a centering device 18 extend from the tool base body 11.
- the heating arrangement 1, in particular the base element 2, is placed on the spacer element 17 and the centering device 18.
- Between the insulation 14 and the tool body 13 is a pressure plate 15 for uniform power transmission.
- At least one thermal sensor 19 is integrated into the base element 2.
- at least one thermal sensor 19 is integrated into the base element 2 per layer 5 and / or per groove 6.
- the thermocouple 19 is inserted into a recess in the base element 2 and then enclosed by the powder injection method.
Landscapes
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Heizanordnung. Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung eine Heizanordnung mit einem integrierten Heizelement sowie ein Werkzeug zum Umformen und/oder Erwärmen eines Bauteils mit der Heizanordnung.The present invention relates to a method for producing a heating arrangement. Furthermore, the invention relates to a heating arrangement with an integrated heating element and a tool for forming and / or heating a component with the heating arrangement.
Die Technologie des Presshärtens und Warmumformens von Karosseriebauteilen hält verstärkt Einzug in den Automobilbau. Beim Formhärten oder der direkten Warmumformung wird eine ebene glühende Blech-Platine tiefgezogen. Beim Presshärten von Stahl wird ein vorgeformtes und beschnittenes Karosseriebauteil nachträglich erhitzt und durch Abschrecken gehärtet. Gründe für die Anwendung dieser Verfahren sind die steigenden Anforderungen seitens der Gesetzgebung an den Insassenschutz und das Crashverhalten bei gleichzeitig geringem Gewicht. Dies fordert von der Automobil- und Zulieferindustrie neue Lösungen im Stahlleichtbau, wie zum Beispiel bei den Strukturteilen "Schweller" sowie der "Verstärkung A- und B-Säule". Auch der sogenannte "Seitenaufprallschutz" in der Tür, der beim seitlichen Crash eine lebenswichtige Barriere zwischen Außen- und Fahrgastzelle bildet, wird mit dieser Technologie gefertigt. Erreicht wird dies durch die Umformung der glühenden Bauteile aus spezifischem Werkstoff unter hoher Temperatur bzw. beim nachträglichen Abschreckhärten der fertigen Bauteile. Ein Formbauteil oder eine Platine wird durch Aufheizen zunächst im Glühofen auf ca. 870°C bis 950°C in den austenitischen Bereich überführt. Das Bauteil wird anschließend in ein wassergekühltes Werkzeug eingelegt, umgeformt bzw. gehalten und damit innerhalb von wenigen Sekunden auf etwa 200 bis 100°C heruntergekühlt. Durch diese Wärmebehandlung entsteht eine martensitische Gefügestruktur. Dies steigert die Festigkeit des Bauteils und ermöglicht eine Zugfestigkeit von z.B. 1650 MPa. Die harten Bauteile bieten ein hervorragendes Crashverhalten für das Fahrzeug. Es zeigt sich allerdings, dass für optimale Sicherheitsreserven bei Insassenschutz und Crashverhalten der Karosserie an bestimmten Stellen, je nach Fahrzeugkonzept, ein Mischgefüge von Martensit-, Austenit- und Ferritanteilen notwendig ist.The technology of press hardening and hot forming of body components is increasingly finding its way into the automotive industry. In the case of form hardening or direct hot forming, a flat, glowing sheet metal blank is deep-drawn. In press hardening of steel, a preformed and trimmed body component is subsequently heated and hardened by quenching. Reasons for the application of these methods are the increasing requirements of the legislation on occupant protection and crash behavior with low weight. This demands new solutions from the automotive and supplier industry in lightweight steel construction, such as the structural components "sills" and the "reinforcement A and B pillars". Even the so-called "side impact protection" in the door, which forms a vital barrier between the outside and the passenger compartment during a side crash, is manufactured using this technology. This is achieved by the transformation of the glowing components made of specific material under high temperature or during the subsequent quench hardening of the finished components. A molded component or a circuit board is first converted by heating in the annealing furnace to about 870 ° C to 950 ° C in the austenitic region. The component is then placed in a water-cooled tool, reshaped or held and thus cooled down to about 200 to 100 ° C within a few seconds. This heat treatment results in a martensitic microstructure. This increases the strength of the component and allows a tensile strength of e.g. 1650 MPa. The hard components provide excellent crash performance for the vehicle. It turns out, however, that for optimal safety reserves in occupant protection and crash behavior of the body at certain points, depending on the vehicle concept, a mixed structure of martensite, austenite and ferrite is necessary.
Es ist Aufgabe vorliegender Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Heizanordnung mit einem integrierten Heizelement bereitzustellen, das bei kostengünstiger Herstellung und wartungsarmem Betrieb eine sehr präzise und konturnahe Erwärmung eines Bauteils ermöglicht. Des Weiteren ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine entsprechende Heizanordnung und ein Werkzeug zum Umformen und/oder Erwärmen des Bauteils anzugeben.It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a heating arrangement with an integrated heating element, which at cost-effective production and low-maintenance operation allows a very precise and konturnahe heating of a component. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a corresponding heating arrangement and a tool for forming and / or heating of the component.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche. Die abhängigen Ansprüche haben jeweils bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung zum Gegenstand.The object is achieved by the features of the independent claims. The dependent claims each have preferred developments of the invention to the subject.
Somit wird die Aufgabe gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Heizanordnung, umfassend die folgenden Schritte: (i) Bereitstellen eines Basiselementes mit zumindest einer Nut in der Oberfläche des Basiselementes, (ii) Einlegen zumindest eines Heizelementes in die Nut, und (iii) stoffschlüssiges Verschließen der Nut und gleichzeitiges Einschließen des Elementes durch Pulverspritzen, vorzugsweise Kaltgasspritzen. In die Nut wird also ein Heizelement, vorzugsweise ausgebildet als isolierter Heizdraht, eingelegt. Nach dem Einlegen wird die Nut durch Aufspritzen von Pulver verschlossen. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, dass das Heizelement vollumfänglich formschlüssig mit dem Basiselement verbunden ist, so dass ein optimaler Wärmeübergang gewährleistet ist. Die Nut und das Heizelement können einem beliebigen Pfad bzw. einer beliebigen Geometrie in der Oberfläche des Basiselementes folgen und so an bestimmten, ausgewählten Positionen die Oberfläche des Basiselementes und somit auch das aufliegende Bauteil äußerst konturnah erwärmen.Thus, the object is achieved by a method for producing a heating arrangement, comprising the following steps: (i) providing a base element with at least one groove in the surface of the base element, (ii) inserting at least one heating element into the groove, and (iii) cohesive Closing the groove and simultaneously enclosing the element by powder spraying, preferably cold gas spraying. In the groove so a heating element, preferably formed as insulated heating wire inserted. After insertion, the groove is closed by spraying powder. This ensures that the heating element is fully positively connected to the base element, so that an optimal heat transfer is ensured. The groove and the heating element can follow any path or any geometry in the surface of the base element and thus at certain, selected positions, the surface of the base element and thus also the surface-mounted component heat extremely konturnah.
Die Heizelemente sind insbesondere dreiteilig aufgebaut. Im Inneren befindet sich ein stromführender Draht. Dieser Draht ist mit einer Isolierung umhüllt. Die Isolierung wiederum ist mit einem Metallmantel umhüllt. Dieser Metallmantel ermöglicht das Auftragen von insbesondere duktilen Werkstoffen, wie z.B. Metall oder Polymere, vorzugsweise durch das Kaltgasspritzverfahren. Es entsteht eine stoffschlüssige Verbindung für den optimalen Temperaturübergang, wobei sich die Pulverpartikel mit dem Mantel des Heizelementes verbinden, ohne dabei den Mantel und insbesondere ohne dabei die darunter liegende Isolierung zu zerstören.The heating elements are in particular constructed in three parts. Inside there is a live wire. This wire is wrapped with insulation. The insulation in turn is covered with a metal sheath. This metal jacket allows the application of particular ductile materials, such as metal or polymers, preferably by the cold gas spraying process. The result is a cohesive connection for the optimum temperature transition, wherein the powder particles connect to the jacket of the heating element, without destroying the shell and in particular without the underlying insulation.
Bevorzugt erfolgt nach dem Aufbringen des gespritzten Materials eine Wärmebehandlung der Heizanordnung, um somit Festigkeitswerte, vergleichbar mit konventionell hergestellten Heizanordnungen, zu erreichen.Preferably, after the application of the sprayed material, a heat treatment of the heating arrangement takes place in order to achieve strength values comparable to conventionally produced heating arrangements.
In bevorzugter Ausführung ist vorgesehen, dass die Nut über eine bestimmte, vorzugsweise ihre gesamte, Länge vollständig mit dem Heizelement und dem gespritzten Material ausgefüllt wird. Es gibt somit nach Fertigstellung der Heizanordnung keine Hohlräume innerhalb der Nut. Durch Verwendung des Pulverspritzverfahrens ist das Heizelement vollständig vom Material des Basiselementes und vom eingespritzten Material umschlossen. Vorzugsweise kann nach dem Verschließen der Nut die gewünschte Oberfläche am Basiselement durch ein spanabtragendes Verfahren hergestellt werden.In a preferred embodiment it is provided that the groove over a certain, preferably its entire length is completely filled with the heating element and the injected material. There are thus no cavities within the groove after completion of the heating arrangement. By using the powder spray method, the heating element is completely enclosed by the material of the base element and by the injected material. Preferably, after the closing of the groove, the desired surface can be produced on the base element by a chip removing process.
Ferner ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass direkt auf das Heizelement, vorzugsweise durch Kaltgasspritzen, aufgetragen wird. Die die Nut verschließende Geometrie wird also nicht separat gefertigt, sondern direkt in die Nut und auf das Heizelement gespritzt.Furthermore, it is preferably provided that is applied directly to the heating element, preferably by cold gas spraying. The groove occluding geometry is therefore not made separately, but injected directly into the groove and on the heating element.
In bevorzugter Ausführung ist vorgesehen, dass die Nut einen gekrümmten Verlauf aufweist und das Heizelement entsprechend der Nut ebenfalls gekrümmt verläuft. Vorteil des hier verwendeten Verfahrens ist, dass das Heizelement, insbesondere ausgebildet als Heizdraht, annähernd beliebigen Radien folgend, äußerst konturnah an der Oberfläche des Basiselementes verlegt werden kann. Der Verlauf des Heizelementes ist letztendlich nur begrenzt durch den Mindestbiegeradius des Heizelementes. Dadurch ist der konturnahe Verlauf des Heizelementes auch in einer dreidimensionalen Oberfläche des Basiselementes möglich. Vorteil des hier verwendeten Verfahrens ist somit, dass der geometrische Verlauf des Heizelements, insbesondere ausgebildet als Heizdraht, abgesehen von der Beachtung eines Mindestbiegeradius keinen Einschränkungen unterliegt. Dadurch ist der konturnahe Verlauf des Heizelements auch an gekrümmten Oberflächen möglich.In a preferred embodiment it is provided that the groove has a curved course and the heating element according to the groove is also curved. Advantage of the method used here is that the heating element, in particular designed as a heating wire, following almost any radii, can be installed extremely contour close to the surface of the base member. The course of the heating element is ultimately only limited by the minimum bending radius of the heating element. As a result, the contours near the heating element in a three-dimensional surface of the base element is possible. The advantage of the method used here is thus that the geometric shape of the heating element, in particular designed as a heating wire, apart from observance of a minimum bending radius is not subject to any restrictions. As a result, the contours near the heating element even on curved surfaces is possible.
In bevorzugter Ausführung ist vorgesehen, dass in eine Nut mehrere einzelne Heizelemente eingelegt werden. Ebenso ist es möglich, dass in das Basiselement mehrere einzelne Nuten eingebracht werden, wobei dann in jede einzelne Nut Heizelemente eingelegt werden. Die einzelnen Nuten können verschiedene Abstände zur Oberfläche des Basiselementes aufweisen und miteinander überlappen. Dadurch entstehen mehrere Lagen an Heizelementen. Insbesondere ist vorgesehen, dass in das gespritzte Material, welches zum Verschließen einer ersten Nut verwendet wird, eine zweite Nut eingefräst wird. Diese zweite Nut muss nicht parallel zur ersten Nut verlaufen, so dass die zweite Nut nur teilweise in das gespritzte Material eingebracht wird. In diese zweite Nut wird ebenfalls zumindest ein Heizelement eingelegt. Anschließend wird die zweite Nut durch Pulverspritzen, vorzugsweise Kaltgasspritzen, verschlossen. Dadurch entstehen übereinander liegende Lagen von Heizelementen.In a preferred embodiment, it is provided that a plurality of individual heating elements are inserted into a groove. It is also possible that a plurality of individual grooves are introduced into the base element, in which case in each individual groove Heating elements are inserted. The individual grooves may have different distances to the surface of the base member and overlap each other. This results in several layers of heating elements. In particular, it is provided that a second groove is milled into the injected material, which is used to close a first groove. This second groove does not have to run parallel to the first groove, so that the second groove is only partially introduced into the sprayed material. In this second groove also at least one heating element is inserted. Subsequently, the second groove is closed by powder spraying, preferably cold gas spraying. This results in superimposed layers of heating elements.
Insbesondere ist vorgesehen, dass die Heizelemente einen runden oder einen vieleckigen Querschnitt aufweisen. Der Querschnitt des Heizelements liegt bevorzugt zwischen 0,25 mm und 15 mm, wobei bei vieleckigen Querschnitten der größte Querschnitt zählt. Die Länge eines einzelnen Heizelementes beträgt vorzugsweise zwischen 10 mm und 20000 mm. Die Einsatztemperatur für die gesamte Heizanordnung reicht von 0 bis über 1000°C.In particular, it is provided that the heating elements have a round or polygonal cross section. The cross section of the heating element is preferably between 0.25 mm and 15 mm, with polygonal cross sections counting the largest cross section. The length of a single heating element is preferably between 10 mm and 20,000 mm. The operating temperature for the entire heating arrangement ranges from 0 to over 1000 ° C.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren hat gegenüber herkömmlichen Methoden, beispielsweise mit Heizpatronen in Bohrungen, entscheidende Vorteile. Durch das Pulverspritzen ist ein optimaler Wärmeübergang vom Heizelement auf das Basiselement gegeben. Dadurch erfolgt auch ein gleichmäßiger und gut steuerbarer Wärmeeintrag in das entsprechende Bauteil. Selbst bei dreidimensionalen Oberflächen am Basiselement kann eine sehr konturnahe Wärmeübertragung zum Bauteil erreicht werden. Im Gegensatz zum Löten oder Kleben, wird durch das Spritzen kein Fremdmaterial eingebracht. Es kann vielmehr das gleiche oder ein ähnliches Material, entsprechend dem Basiselement verwendet werden. Dadurch werden unterschiedliche Längenausdehnungen in der Heizanordnung vermieden und es muss kein niedriger Schmelzpunkt, keine geringe Festigkeit oder kein geringer Wärmeübergang berücksichtigt werden.The method according to the invention has decisive advantages over conventional methods, for example with heating cartridges in bores. The powder spraying gives optimum heat transfer from the heating element to the base element. This also results in a uniform and well controllable heat input into the corresponding component. Even with three-dimensional surfaces on the base element, a very near contour heat transfer to the component can be achieved. In contrast to soldering or gluing, no foreign material is introduced by spraying. Rather, the same or a similar material may be used according to the base member. As a result, different length expansions in the heating arrangement are avoided and no low melting point, no low strength or no low heat transfer must be taken into account.
Die Erfindung umfasst des Weiteren eine Heizanordnung mit einem Basiselement und zumindest einer Nut. In die Nut ist zumindest ein Heizelement eingelegt und die Nut ist stoffschlüssig mit einem pulvergespritzten, vorzugsweise kaltgasgespritzten, Material verschlossen, wobei gleichzeitig auch das Heizelement durch das gespritzte Material eingeschlossen ist. Zumindest bei einer zerstörenden Untersuchung der Heizanordnung ist erkennbar, ob die Nut durch Spritzen verschlossen wurde oder nicht.The invention further comprises a heating arrangement with a base element and at least one groove. In the groove at least one heating element is inserted and the groove is cohesively with a powdered, preferably cold-gas sprayed, Material sealed, at the same time the heating element is enclosed by the injected material. At least in a destructive examination of the heating arrangement can be seen whether the groove was closed by spraying or not.
Die im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgestellten vorteilhaften Ausgestaltungen und Unteransprüche finden entsprechend vorteilhafte Anwendung auf die erfindungsgemäße Heizanordnung.The presented in the context of the method according to the invention advantageous embodiments and subclaims find correspondingly advantageous application to the heating arrangement according to the invention.
Beim Umformen und/oder Härten von Bauteilen ist es von besonderem Vorteil, das Bauteil nur teilweise zu erwärmen oder an bestimmten Positionen mit unterschiedlichen Temperaturen zu erwärmen bzw. entsprechende Temperaturen zu halten. Hierzu ist die erfindungsgemäße Heizanordnung besonders gut geeignet, da äußerst konturnah ein Bauteil aufgeheizt werden kann. Erfindungsgemäß ist deshalb ein Werkzeug zum Umformen und/oder Erwärmen eines Bauteils vorgesehen. Dieses Werkzeug umfasst zumindest eine vorab beschriebene Heizanordnung, wobei die Oberfläche des Basiselementes zur Auflage des Bauteils ausgebildet ist. Die Oberfläche des Basiselements ist diejenige Oberfläche, in die die Nuten eingebracht sind. Die im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und im Rahmen der erfindungsgemäßen Heizanordnung beschriebenen vorteilhaften Ausgestaltungen und die entsprechenden Unteransprüche finden genauso vorteilhafte Anwendung auf das erfindungsgemäße Werkzeug.When forming and / or curing components, it is particularly advantageous to heat the component only partially or to heat at certain positions with different temperatures or to maintain appropriate temperatures. For this purpose, the heating arrangement according to the invention is particularly well suited because a contoured component can be heated. According to the invention therefore a tool for forming and / or heating a component is provided. This tool comprises at least one heating arrangement described above, wherein the surface of the base element is designed for supporting the component. The surface of the base member is the surface into which the grooves are inserted. The advantageous embodiments described in the context of the method according to the invention and in the context of the heating arrangement according to the invention and the corresponding subclaims find equally advantageous application to the tool according to the invention.
Insbesondere ist vorgesehen, dass das Werkzeug einen Werkzeuggrundkörper mit einer Werkzeugoberfläche aufweist. Diese Werkzeugoberfläche ist zur Auflage des Bauteils, welches erwärmt und/oder umgeformt werden soll, ausgebildet. Die Werkzeugoberfläche wird teilweise gebildet durch die Oberfläche der Heizanordnung. Hierzu ist die Heizanordnung in den Werkzeuggrundkörper eingesetzt, so dass die Oberfläche der Heizanordnung teilweise die Werkzeugoberfläche bildet.In particular, it is provided that the tool has a tool base body with a tool surface. This tool surface is designed to support the component, which is to be heated and / or reshaped. The tool surface is partially formed by the surface of the heater assembly. For this purpose, the heating arrangement is inserted into the tool base body, so that the surface of the heating arrangement partially forms the tool surface.
Besonders bevorzugt ist vorgesehen, dass zwischen dem Werkzeuggrundkörper und der Heizanordnung eine Druckplatte und/oder eine thermische Isolierung angeordnet sind. Insbesondere befindet sich die Druckplatte zwischen der thermischen Isolierung und dem Werkzeuggrundkörper. Durch die Druckplatte erfolgt eine gleichmäßige Kraftübertragung von dem Werkzeuggrundkörper über die Heizanordnung auf das Bauteil.Particularly preferably, it is provided that a pressure plate and / or a thermal insulation are arranged between the tool base body and the heating arrangement. In particular, the pressure plate is located between the thermal insulation and the tool body. By the pressure plate is a uniform force transmission from the tool body via the heating arrangement on the component.
Des Weiteren sind vorzugsweise Federelemente zwischen dem Werkzeuggrundkörper und der Heizanordnung vorgesehen. Das erfindungsgemäße Werkzeug bzw. die Heizanordnung kann mit Temperaturen bis über 900°C betrieben werden. Aufgrund entsprechender Temperaturausdehnungen kann die Heizanordnung nicht steif mit dem Werkzeuggrundkörper verschraubt werden. Deshalb sind die Federelemente, beispielsweise ausgebildet als Tellerfedern, vorgesehen. Dadurch liegt die Heizanordnung unabhängig von der Längenausdehnung aufgrund der Temperatur immer vollflächig am Bauteil an.Furthermore, spring elements are preferably provided between the tool base body and the heating arrangement. The tool according to the invention or the heating arrangement can be operated at temperatures of more than 900 ° C. Due to corresponding temperature expansions, the heating arrangement can not be rigidly bolted to the tool body. Therefore, the spring elements, for example, designed as disc springs, provided. As a result, regardless of the length expansion, the heating arrangement always lies completely against the component due to the temperature.
Zur exakten Fixierung und Führung der Heizanordnung an dem Werkzeuggrundkörper erstrecken sich bevorzugt Distanzelemente und/oder Zentrierstäbe vom Werkzeuggrundkörper in Richtung Heizanordnung. Die Distanzelemente sind insbesondere als Distanzrohre ausgebildet. Das Distanzelement und/oder die Zentrierung stecken in Ausnehmungen im Basiselement der Heizanordnung. Durch die Distanzelemente und/oder Zentrierungen und durch die Federelemente ist gewährleistet, dass die Heizanordnung vollflächig am Bauteil anliegt.For exact fixation and guidance of the heating arrangement on the tool body, preferably spacer elements and / or centering rods extend from the tool body in the direction of the heating arrangement. The spacer elements are in particular designed as spacer tubes. The spacer element and / or the centering stuck in recesses in the base element of the heating arrangement. By the spacer elements and / or centering and by the spring elements ensures that the heating assembly is fully applied to the component.
Besonders bevorzugt ist vorgesehen, dass sowohl das Ober- als auch das Untergesenk einen Werkzeuggrundkörper mit integrierter Heizanordnung, wie soeben beschrieben, aufweisen.It is particularly preferred that both the upper and the lower die have a tool base body with integrated heating arrangement, as just described.
Durch die eingangs beschriebene Technologie der Warmumformung bzw. des Presshärtens wird der Stahl fester (bis zu einer Zugfestigkeit von 1650 MPa), aber auch spröder, d.h. die Bruchdehnung nimmt ab. Es besteht die Anforderung, dass einige Bauteile in bestimmten Bereichen duktiler bzw. plastischer sein sollten, da bei diesen Bauteilen im Crashfall ein höheres Energieabsorptions-Vermögen gefragt ist. Diese Karosseriebauteile sollen die Fähigkeit besitzen, Kräfte extrem schnell aufzunehmen, ohne zu reißen oder zu brechen, selbst bei einem Aufprall mit hoher Geschwindigkeit. Spröde Werkstoffe können beim Bersten (Crash) Verletzungen durch herumfliegende Teile verursachen. In der Praxis wird durch Einbringen eines zusätzlichen Prozessschrittes, dem sogenannten Anlassen oder auch Tempern genannt, die Härte des Bauteils reduziert und die gewünschten Gebrauchseigenschaften (Härte, Zugfestigkeit und höhere Zähigkeit) des Stahls eingestellt.The technology of hot forming or press hardening described above makes the steel stronger (up to a tensile strength of 1650 MPa), but also more brittle, ie the elongation at break decreases. There is a requirement that some components in certain areas should be ductile or more plastic, since these components in the event of a crash, a higher energy absorption capacity is required. These body components are said to have the ability to absorb forces extremely quickly without tearing or breaking, even in a high velocity impact. Brittle materials can cause injury during rupture (crash) caused by flying parts. In practice, by introducing an additional process step, called annealing or tempering, the hardness of the component is reduced and set the desired performance characteristics (hardness, tensile strength and higher toughness) of the steel.
Beim Anlassen oder auch beim Tempern nach herkömmlichen Verfahren kann die Härte oder Zugfestigkeit nur über das gesamte Bauteil eingestellt werden. Das erfindungsgemäße Werkzeug erlaubt es nun, die Eigenschaft der Gebrauchshärte und Duktilität nur in einem bestimmten Bereich des Bauteils, beispielsweise einer Automobilkarosserie, einzustellen, um ein richtiges Maß zwischen hoher Zugfestigkeit und plastischer Verformbarkeit zu gewährleisten.When tempering or tempering by conventional methods, the hardness or tensile strength can be adjusted only over the entire component. The tool according to the invention now makes it possible to adjust the characteristic of the service hardness and ductility only in a specific region of the component, for example an automobile body, in order to ensure a correct measure between high tensile strength and plastic deformability.
Hierzu befinden sich die Heizanordnungen, auch als Einsätze bezeichnet, vorzugsweise im Ober- und Untergesenk eines Werkzeugs. Über die fest integrierten Heizelemente werden die Heizanordnungen auf eine bestimmte Temperatur, je nach Vorgabe der Bauteileigenschaften, angeheizt. Insbesondere können die Heizelemente in mehreren Lagen übereinander mit Hilfe des Pulversprühverfahrens eingebracht werden. Dadurch sind die Heizelemente stoffschlüssig mit dem Gefüge des Basiselementes verbunden, so dass ein optimaler Temperaturübergang mit relativ kurzen Aufheizzeiten auf Betriebstemperatur, beispielsweise im Rüstvorgang eines Werkzeugs, erreicht werden kann. Das gesamte System wird elektrisch beheizt, gesteuert und geregelt und es kann beispielsweise in eine bestehende Fertigungsstraße für Kaltumformung, Warmumformung, Presshärten und Magnesium- oder CFK-Herstellprozesse integriert werden. Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und dem erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeug können individuell duktil geforderte Bereiche, partiell zum Erreichen der Austenitisierungstemperatur (Härten) hergestellt werden. Ein Anlassen findet während des Abkühlprozesses bei gleicher Taktzeit im Bauteildurchlauf statt.For this purpose, the heating arrangements, also referred to as inserts, preferably located in the upper and lower die of a tool. About the fixed heating elements, the heating arrangements are heated to a certain temperature, depending on the specification of the component properties. In particular, the heating elements can be introduced in several layers one above the other by means of the powder spraying process. As a result, the heating elements are materially connected to the structure of the base element, so that an optimal temperature transition with relatively short heating times to operating temperature, for example, in the setup process of a tool can be achieved. The entire system is electrically heated, controlled and regulated, and it can be integrated, for example, into an existing cold-forming, hot-forming, press-hardening, and magnesium or CFRP manufacturing line. With the method according to the invention and the tool according to the invention, individually ductile required areas can be produced partially to reach the austenitizing temperature (hardening). An annealing takes place during the cooling process at the same cycle time in the component pass.
Es sind Temperaturen von 0°C bis 1000°C möglich, so dass sehr genaue Bauteileigenschaften eingestellt werden können. Die Steuerung und Regelung des Systems findet u.a. mit Hilfe von fest integrierten Temperaturfühlern statt, die sehr eng an den Heizelementen anliegen und insbesondere für jede Lage der Heizelemente separat angeordnet werden. Somit ist es möglich, eine individuelle Feinjustierung der Bauteileigenschaften während der Prozesszeiten über eine externe Steuereinheit vorzunehmen. Der Prozess kann bei allen bekannten Warmumformungsstählen (MB, LA) und in allen zu temperierenden Bereichen angewandt werden, so auch beim Beschichten verzinkter Bleche, bei unbeschichteten Materialien, bei Kunststoff und bei CFK-Materialien. Das erfindungsgemäße Werkzeug ermöglicht es, sowohl für das Warmumformen (direkter Prozess) von ebenen Platinen, als auch für das nachträgliche Presshärten (indirekter Prozess) von geformten Bauteilen, sowie bei diversen Anwendungen für Kunststoff und CFK angewandt zu werden. Die geometrischen Möglichkeiten sind uneingeschränkt und es ist ein konturnaher Verlauf möglich. Die Verbindung der Heizanordnungen mit den Werkzeuggrundkörpern kann wie oben beschrieben über Distanzhülsen und Federelemente erfolgen. Genauso ist es jedoch möglich, eine entsprechend gefederte Verschraubung zu verwenden, die zumindest einen Hub von ca. 0,5 mm zwischen Heizanordnung und Werkzeuggrundkörper ermöglicht. Die Heizanordnungen werden individuell für verschiedene Anforderungen und unterschiedliche Bauteilgeometrien hergestellt und verwendet. Je nach Verfahrensanwendung und Werkstoffauswahl des zu verarbeitenden Bauteils erfolgt ein unterschiedlich angepasster Aufbau der Heizanordnungen im Werkzeug. Zusätzlich werden die Wärmeübergangsbereiche zur Kühlung und die Entstehung von Mischgefüge im Übergangsbereich über Luftspalt und Längenausdehnung bei einer Temperatur bei metallischen und nichtmetallischen Bauteilwerkstoffen berücksichtigt. Durch das Einstellen einer bestimmten Temperatur wird das kühlende Bauteil im Bereich der beheizten Heizanordnungen im Werkzeug nicht abgekühlt und es findet dadurch keine Gefügeumwandlung in den entsprechenden Bereichen statt, so dass sich duktile Bereiche einstellen. Die Heizelemente sind insbesondere mehrlagig fest im Basiselement integriert, so dass eine homogene Temperaturverteilung erreicht wird. Zur Herstellung können, je nach Anwendungsfall, leitfähige und nichtleitfähige Metallwerkstoffe verwendet werden.Temperatures of 0 ° C to 1000 ° C are possible, so that very precise component properties can be set. The control and regulation of the system takes place, inter alia, with the aid of permanently integrated temperature sensors, which lie very close to the heating elements and in particular for each position of the Heating elements are arranged separately. Thus, it is possible to carry out an individual fine adjustment of the component properties during the process times via an external control unit. The process can be applied to all known Hot Forming Steels (MB, LA) and all tempered areas, including galvanized sheet metal, uncoated, plastic and CFRP materials. The tool according to the invention makes it possible to be used both for hot forming (direct process) of flat boards, and for the subsequent press hardening (indirect process) of molded components, as well as in various applications for plastic and CFRP. The geometric possibilities are unrestricted and it is possible to make a close contour. The connection of the heating arrangements with the tool body can be done as described above via spacers and spring elements. However, it is equally possible to use a corresponding spring-loaded screw connection, which allows at least a stroke of approximately 0.5 mm between the heating arrangement and the tool base body. The heating arrangements are manufactured and used individually for different requirements and different component geometries. Depending on the process application and material selection of the component to be processed, a differently adapted structure of the heating arrangements takes place in the tool. In addition, the heat transfer areas for cooling and the formation of mixed structures in the transition area via the air gap and elongation at a temperature for metallic and non-metallic component materials are taken into account. By setting a certain temperature, the cooling component is not cooled in the area of the heated heating arrangements in the tool and there is thus no structural transformation in the corresponding areas, so that set ductile areas. The heating elements are in particular multi-layer firmly integrated in the base element, so that a homogeneous temperature distribution is achieved. Depending on the application, conductive and non-conductive metal materials can be used for the production.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Heizanordnungen können aufgrund des großen Temperaturbereichs für alle Verfahrenstechniken für Werkstoffe verwendet werden, die sich unter Temperatur verformen lassen, oder Temperatur zur Fertigstellung einer Geometrie oder einer Eigenschaft benötigen. So kann das behandelte Bauteil beispielsweise aus Stahl, Aluminium, Magnesium, Kunststoff oder CFK sein. Durch den Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeugs in der Technologie des Warmumformens können die Bauteileigenschaften während des Warmumformprozesses oder während des Presshärtens unterschiedlich gesteuert bzw. eingestellt werden. Da nur Energie bzw. Wärme auf die partiell gewünschten Bereiche eingebracht wird, zeigt sich eine verbesserte Energiebilanz gegenüber herkömmlichen Verfahren, in denen z.B. Bauteile komplett mit Wärme beaufschlagt werden oder größere Querschnitte aufgeheizt werden müssen. Durch die fest mit dem Gefüge des Basiselementes verbundenen Heizelemente und Thermofühler, die sich kontur- und oberflächennah einsetzen lassen, können sehr gleichmäßige Temperaturverläufe, und somit homogene duktile feinjustierte Bauteileigenschaften hergestellt werden. Gleichmäßige und schnelle Erwärmungen sind eine Voraussetzung für ein gleichmäßiges Bauteilgefüge. Durch den konturnahen Verlauf der Heizelemente können exakte Wärmeübergangszonen definiert werden.The heater assemblies of the present invention, due to the wide temperature range, can be used for all process techniques for materials that can deform under temperature or that require temperature to complete a geometry or property. So can the treated component For example, be made of steel, aluminum, magnesium, plastic or CFRP. By using the tool according to the invention in the hot-forming technology, the component properties can be controlled or adjusted differently during the hot-forming process or during the press-hardening. Since only energy or heat is introduced to the partially desired areas, there is an improved energy balance compared to conventional methods in which, for example, components are completely charged with heat or larger cross sections have to be heated. By firmly connected to the structure of the base element heating elements and thermocouples, which can be used contour and near the surface, very uniform temperature characteristics, and thus homogeneous ductile finely adjusted component properties can be produced. Uniform and rapid heating is a prerequisite for a uniform component structure. Exact heat transfer zones can be defined by the contours of the heating elements.
Durch bestimmte Temperaturen, Fertigungsparameter und Einstellungen lassen sich die Prozesszeiten bei Heizung und Kühlung eines Warmumformwerkzeuges in der beschriebenen Erfindung mit den speziellen Heizanordnungen exakt miteinander abstimmen, so dass Taktzeitverluste annähernd vermieden werden. Die beschriebenen Heizanordnungen lassen sich relativ einfach in den Werkzeuggrundkörper integrieren, so dass Zusatzverfahren für eine verbesserte Bauteilduktilität, insbesondere im Automobilkarosseriebau, nicht notwendig sind. Die Einsatzbereiche sind insbesondere an der A-, B- oder C-Säule oder am Schweller einer Automobilkarosserie zu sehen. Insbesondere bei diesen Bauteilen ist es notwendig, dass nur gewisse Abschnitte gehärtet werden und andere Abschnitte duktil bleiben.By certain temperatures, manufacturing parameters and settings, the process times for heating and cooling of a hot forming tool in the described invention with the specific heating arrangements can be exactly coordinated with each other, so that cycle time losses are approximately avoided. The heating arrangements described can be relatively easily integrated into the tool body, so that additional methods for improved component serviceability, in particular in automotive body construction, are not necessary. The areas of application are to be seen in particular on the A, B or C pillar or on the sill of an automobile body. Especially with these components, it is necessary that only certain sections are hardened and other sections remain ductile.
Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung und den Figuren. Es zeigen:
Figur 1- zwei Ansichten einer erfindungsgemäßen Heizanordnung gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel,
Figur 2- eine
Schnittansicht aus Figur 1 , Figur 3- die erfindungsgemäße Heizanordnung gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel, und
Figur 4- einen Schnitt durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Werkzeug gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel.
- FIG. 1
- two views of a heating arrangement according to the invention according to a first embodiment,
- FIG. 2
- a sectional view
FIG. 1 . - FIG. 3
- the heating arrangement according to the invention according to a second embodiment, and
- FIG. 4
- a section through an inventive tool according to a third embodiment.
Anhand der
Die Heizanordnung 1 umfasst ein Basiselement 2, vorzugsweise aus Metall. In dieses Basiselement ist eine Nut 6 eingefräst. Die Nut 6 mäandert entlang einer Oberfläche 3 des Basiselementes 2.The
In die Nut 6 ist ein Heizelement, ausgebildet als Heizdraht, eingelegt, so dass das Heizelement 4 gebogen ist und der mäandernden Form der Nut 6 folgt.In the
Die rechte Darstellung in
Nach dem Einlegen des Heizelementes 4 in die Nut 6 wird der vollständige, verbleibende Freiraum der Nut 6 mit einem gespritzten Material 7 aufgefüllt. Hierzu kommt ein Pulverspritzverfahren, insbesondere ein Kaltgasspritzverfahren, zum Einsatz. Dadurch wird gewährleistet, dass das Heizelement 4 vollumfänglich formschlüssig mit dem Material des Basiselementes 2 bzw. mit dem gespritzten Material 7 verbunden ist. Das gespritzte Material 7 wiederum ist vollständig formschlüssig verbunden mit dem Material des Basiselementes 2. Dadurch ist ein optimaler Wärmeübergang vom Heizelement 4 an die Oberfläche 3 gewährleistet.After inserting the
Von dem Werkzeuggrundkörper 11 erstreckt sich zumindest ein Distanzelement 17, ausgebildet als Distanzrohr, und eine Zentrierung 18. Die Heizanordnung 1, insbesondere das Basiselement 2, steckt auf dem Distanzelement 17 und der Zentrierung 18. An der Unterseite der Heizanordnung 1 ist eine flächige thermische Isolierung 14 angeordnet. Zwischen der Isolierung 14 und dem Werkzeuggrundkörper 13 befindet sich eine Druckplatte 15 zur gleichmäßigen Kraftübertragung. Zwischen der Druckplatte 15 und dem Werkzeuggrundkörper 13 ist zumindest ein Federelement 16, ausgebildet als Tellerfeder, angeordnet. Nicht dargestellt ist eine mögliche Verschraubung zwischen Heizanordnung 1 und Werkzeuggrundkörper 13, die einen gewissen Ausgleich entlang der Zentrierung 18 bzw. entlang des Distanzelementes 17 ermöglicht.At least one
Zur exakten Steuerung der Temperatur in der Heizanordnung 1 ist zumindest ein Thermofühler 19 in das Basiselement 2 integriert. Insbesondere ist es vorgesehen, dass pro Lage 5 und/oder pro Nut 6 zumindest ein Thermofühler 19 in das Basiselement 2 integriert ist. Insbesondere wird auch der Thermofühler 19 in eine Ausnehmung im Basiselement 2 eingesetzt und sodann durch das Pulverspritzverfahren eingeschlossen.For exact control of the temperature in the
- 11
- Heizanordnungheating arrangement
- 22
- Basiselementbase element
- 33
- Oberfläche des BasiselementesSurface of the base element
- 44
- Heizelementheating element
- 55
- Lagendocuments
- 66
- Nutgroove
- 77
- Gespritztes Material, insbesondere kaltgasgespritztes MaterialInjected material, in particular cold gas-sprayed material
- 1010
- Durchmesser des HeizelementesDiameter of the heating element
- 1111
- WerkzeugTool
- 1212
- VerdrängerflächeVerdrängerfläche
- 1313
- WerkzeuggrundkörperTool body
- 1414
- Isolierunginsulation
- 1515
- Druckplatteprinting plate
- 1616
- Federelementespring elements
- 1717
- Distanzelementspacer
- 1818
- Zentrierungcentering
- 1919
- Thermofühlerthermocouple
Claims (14)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102012012968.8A DE102012012968A1 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2012-06-29 | Method for producing a heating arrangement and tool comprising the heating arrangement |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2680667A1 true EP2680667A1 (en) | 2014-01-01 |
EP2680667B1 EP2680667B1 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
Family
ID=48875449
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13003263.4A Active EP2680667B1 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2013-06-26 | Process for the preparation of a heating assembly and tool including the heating assembly |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2680667B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102012012968A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5230931A (en) * | 1975-09-03 | 1977-03-09 | Yasuo Ikeda | Manufacturing process for panel heater |
EP0962961A2 (en) * | 1998-05-29 | 1999-12-08 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Susceptors |
JP2004071182A (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2004-03-04 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Composite heater |
-
2012
- 2012-06-29 DE DE102012012968.8A patent/DE102012012968A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-06-26 EP EP13003263.4A patent/EP2680667B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5230931A (en) * | 1975-09-03 | 1977-03-09 | Yasuo Ikeda | Manufacturing process for panel heater |
EP0962961A2 (en) * | 1998-05-29 | 1999-12-08 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Susceptors |
JP2004071182A (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2004-03-04 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Composite heater |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2680667B1 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
DE102012012968A1 (en) | 2014-01-02 |
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