EP2678579A1 - Bremsscheibe und deren herstellungsverfahren - Google Patents
Bremsscheibe und deren herstellungsverfahrenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2678579A1 EP2678579A1 EP11802282.1A EP11802282A EP2678579A1 EP 2678579 A1 EP2678579 A1 EP 2678579A1 EP 11802282 A EP11802282 A EP 11802282A EP 2678579 A1 EP2678579 A1 EP 2678579A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- friction ring
- ring surface
- coating
- base body
- recesses
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 25
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002347 wear-protection layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010678 Paulownia tomentosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002834 Paulownia tomentosa Species 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006184 cellulose methylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011153 ceramic matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012710 chemistry, manufacturing and control Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
- F16D65/12—Discs; Drums for disc brakes
- F16D65/127—Discs; Drums for disc brakes characterised by properties of the disc surface; Discs lined with friction material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/04—Attachment of linings
- F16D2069/0425—Attachment methods or devices
- F16D2069/0441—Mechanical interlocking, e.g. roughened lining carrier, mating profiles on friction material and lining carrier
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/04—Attachment of linings
- F16D2069/0425—Attachment methods or devices
- F16D2069/0491—Tools, machines, processes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2250/00—Manufacturing; Assembly
- F16D2250/0038—Surface treatment
- F16D2250/0046—Coating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2250/00—Manufacturing; Assembly
- F16D2250/0092—Tools or machines for producing linings
Definitions
- the invention relates to a brake disk for a motor vehicle and a production method, which in particular comprises a roughening of the friction ring surface of the brake disk.
- Automotive brake discs which wear a coating to reduce the wear of the friction ring surface are known in the art.
- DE 10 342 743 A1 describes a method for producing a brake disk for a vehicle as well as the brake disk itself, which comprises a base body which carries a wear-resistant layer at least in the region of the outer surface, which serves as a friction layer. Further, there is a region of a material for bonding between the main body and the wear-resistant outer layer, wherein the region of the material for bonding and the wear-resistant outer layer is formed as a gradual lentik whose composition changes in the layer thickness direction.
- a brake disc which likewise has a base body which carries at least partially in the region of its outer surface a wear-resistant layer which serves as a friction layer.
- An intermediate layer is provided as an adhesion-promoting layer and / or as a corrosion protection layer between the main body and the outer wear-resistant layer, which is applied by electroplating.
- the application of the adhesion-promoting layer is associated with additional process steps and material costs, while the adhesion problem in the coated brake discs is still mostly not satisfactorily resolved. There is a risk that the coating, possibly together with intermediate layer dissolves or flakes off, since the most cohesive connection between the layers with each other and with the Reib perennialober Assembly does not form a sufficiently stable bond when the brake disc is heavily loaded during use.
- attempts have been made to treat the friction ring surface mechanically or by laser patterning so as to increase the contact area.
- EP 1336054 B1 which recommends the turning off of a brake disc blank by exactly the amount that is to assume a coating thickness, followed by cleaning of the brake disc of machining residues, such as mechanical, and subsequent roughening by irradiation with fine corundum or a blasting material with comparable properties.
- Laser structuring the surface of a friction ring is a process that is quite time consuming, creates a high heat affected zone, and favors cratering at the edges of the component, thereby not providing satisfactory structuring of the friction ring surface.
- the object is to provide an improved method for the treatment of a friction ring to make them better and more durable connectable with a protective coating.
- Another object is to provide a brake disk which has an improved Has bond between a friction ring surface of the body and a protective coating.
- the method according to the invention for producing a brake disk from a base body having a friction ring surface to be coated in a first embodiment provides the steps of first providing the base body and then roughening the friction ring surface by applying an electron beam to the friction ring surface is directed, that in the friction ring a defined number of recesses per square millimeter friction ring surface is generated.
- the electron beam is adjusted with respect to its energy, direction and distance to the surface to be processed such that the arrangement of the depressions to each other takes place in a predetermined manner and each recess has a predetermined depth and shape.
- etching to remove slag residues on the roughened surface may be omitted when the electron beam method is performed in an oxygen-free atmosphere or in a vacuum, for example. But even if this is not the case, and due to the presence of oxygen during the irradiation with oxygen, slags, etc. occur at the friction ring surface, an etching step is not necessary, since the subsequently performed coating application is such that any slag residues thereby either displaced or be incorporated into the structure.
- a process-reliable and reproducible method for optimizing the friction-ring surface is advantageously created, which makes it possible, by mechanically enlarging the surface of the friction ring by two to six times, to bond it better with the material forming the coating.
- the structuring process carried out with the electron beam advantageously requires only short cycle times and permits a subsequent optimized gradual structure of the coating.
- the electron beam is a sharply focused and highly accelerated electron beam, which makes it possible to introduce the depressions on the friction ring surface with the desired number and shape.
- the irradiation of the friction ring surface can take place under an oxygen-poor atmosphere, in particular in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the subsequent application of the friction-ring surface coating which comprises hard materials in the form of carbides or oxide ceramics, to the brake disk base consisting of a metallic material, in particular gray cast iron, steel or aluminum alloy, is carried out by means of high-speed flame spraying, plasma spraying, cold gas spraying or electric arc wire spraying.
- These application methods enable a coating directly after roughening by either displacing the slag residues that may be present or by incorporating them into the resulting microstructure.
- the carbides or the oxide ceramic of the coating are bound by a binder phase or a matrix, which are formed by alloys based on chromium, nickel and / or iron. These include, in particular, chromium or chromium-nickel steels.
- the brake disk provided by the method according to the invention from a base body with a friction ring surface provided with a coating consequently shows on the friction ring surface of the base body a predetermined number per square millimeter of electron-irradiated depressions which are introduced into the friction ring surface according to a predetermined arrangement relative to one another or even as a pattern are.
- Each depression has a predetermined depth and shape.
- the coating forms interlayer-free with the recesses of the friction ring a combined positive and cohesive connection.
- the friction-ring surface is increased two to six times compared to a friction-ring surface without depressions.
- the main body of the brake disc is made of a metallic material, with a gray cast iron being preferred, which can be processed particularly suitable in the manner according to the invention.
- the coating of the friction ring surface has, based on its total weight of the coating,
- oxide ceramics are selected, in particular magnesium oxide, zirconium dioxide,
- Titanium dioxide and / or alumina-containing coatings Titanium dioxide and / or alumina-containing coatings.
- the coating of the friction ring surface may also comprise an oxide ceramic and a metal matrix as a composite, wherein the oxide ceramic and the metal matrix in the ratio of 50 to 80% to 20 to 50%.
- the metal matrix is formed, for example, from Cr / Ni steel.
- 1 is a perspective view of a brake disc during the electron beam
- 3a is a schematic side sectional view through two recesses in the with a
- 3b is a schematic side sectional view through a recess in the with a
- FIG. 4a is a schematic side sectional view of a provided with a coating friction ring according to the prior art
- Fig. 4b is a schematic side sectional view of the provided with a coating
- Friction ring surface according to the prior art with force vectors 5a is an electron micrograph of the friction ring with the wells according to an embodiment of the invention
- 5b is an enlarged electron micrograph of the friction ring surface with the wells according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the invention relates to a method for producing a brake disk from a base body 1, which has a friction ring surface 2, as shown in Fig. 1 can be seen.
- a wear-resistant coating should be applied.
- the friction ring surface 2 is roughened before coating by directing electron beams 5 onto the friction ring surface 2, by means of which a defined number of recesses 3 (which are shown in the electron micrographs of FIGS. 2 and 5 a) are provided in the friction ring surface 2 , b) are introduced per mm 2 friction ring surface 2, wherein the arrangement of the recesses 3 is predetermined to each other and wherein each recess 3 has a predetermined depth and shape.
- the wear protection coating 4 is applied, which can be seen in FIGS. 3a and 3b.
- the surface quality of the friction ring can thus be influenced by the specifically generated surface contours, their defined number and their precisely defined geometries, so that a desired surface geometry can be generated specifically for the friction ring to be coated.
- the roughening of the friction ring surfaces 2 is effected by the directed electron beams 5 in the form of individual radiated electrons.
- Electron beam processing is based on the energy conversion when the sharply focused and highly accelerated electron beam 5 impinges on the surface 2 to be patterned.
- the electrons are decelerated when they strike the surface 2 interface, their kinetic energy being converted into heat energy in a focal spot.
- the penetration depth of the electrons into the interface is a function of their velocity and thus of the acceleration voltage as well as the density of the applied material. Due to the high power density in the focal spot, the material is melted and partially evaporated within a few microseconds in this area. Due to the resulting vapor pressure, droplets of melt are displaced outward from the jet impact point.
- the irradiation of the friction ring surface 2 can take place under an oxygen-poor atmosphere, in particular in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the hitherto undefined mechanical connection between a coating and a friction ring surface could thereby be improved and optimized.
- the method according to the invention provides process-reliable and reproducible surface optimization, wherein a better adhesion or mechanical connection between the brake disk main body 1 and the respective coating is achieved by a surface that is two to six times larger depending on the design of the surface structure.
- the very fast structuring process allows very short cycle times as well as an optimized layer structure, such as a gradual structure of the coating.
- a brake disk according to the invention is formed from the base body 1 and the coating 4 applied to the friction ring surface 2.
- the main body 1 is made of a metallic material, for example gray cast iron.
- Other basic body materials include steel or a light metal alloy, for example based on aluminum.
- the coating 4 on the friction ring surface 2 consists of a hard material which acts as a wear protection material.
- Suitable materials for this purpose are hard materials carbides and / or oxide ceramics.
- cermets ceramic-metal composites
- CMCs ceramic fiber composites
- MMCs metal matrix composite materials with embedded hard material particles
- An exemplary coating 4 refers to carbides of tungsten and / or chromium embedded in a metallic matrix of nickel, cobalt and / or chromium.
- the toilet share here is in the range of 60 - 85%. (The percentages in%, unless otherwise stated, always means weight percent).
- the proportion of metallic matrix that essentially serves to bind the entrapped carbides is in the range of 10 to 50%, preferably in the range of 15 to 25%.
- alloy compositions with a high Co content are preferred for the metallic matrix, the coating in particular having proportions of 8-15% Co, 2-6% Cr and 0.001-3% Ni and optionally traces of other metals.
- a typical preferred coating composition comprises 70-85% WC, 7-12% Co, 3-5% Cr, and 0.5-2% Ni, as well as impurities.
- Another typical preferred coating composition comprises 75-85% WC, 7-12% Co, 3-5% Cr, and 0.001-1 Ni, as well as impurities.
- Another embodiment of the coating 4 relates to a metal-bound carbide WC-Co-Cr-Ni, which has a composition of preferably about 10 wt .-% Co, preferably about 4 wt .-% Cr and preferably about 1 wt. -% Ni and the remainder WC.
- Cr may also be at least partially bound as carbide in these coating compositions.
- Another suitable for creating the wear protection coating metallic matrix is characterized by a high Ni content.
- the essential constituents of this coating are WCs and Cr 3 C 2 as hard materials, which together account for 70-90% of the coating.
- typical preferred coatings comprise tung compositions 65 30% Cr 3 C 2 and from 5 to 12% Ni and impurities or 70 - 75% WC, 18 - 22% Cr 3 C 2 and 5 - 8% Ni and impurities.
- a preferred composition of such a coating WC-Cr 3 C 2 -Ni has a content of about 73 wt .-% WC, a share of about 20 wt .-% chromium carbide and a content of about 7 wt .-% nickel on.
- a chromium steel other suitable carbide coatings can be created.
- the hard materials essentially consist of Cr carbides.
- the preferred steels have a chromium content of 12-22% by weight. However, 15 to 20% Cr are preferred.
- the base body (1) made of a metallic material, in particular consists of a gray cast iron and the coating (4) of the friction ring surface (2) of oxide ceramic, in particular selected from the group Al 2 0 3 , Zr0 2 , MgO and / or Ti0 2 and metal, in particular Cr / Ni steel.
- These coatings can preferably be applied to the friction ring surface by means of high-speed flame spraying, plasma spraying, cold gas spraying or electric arc wire spraying.
- High-speed flame spraying is particularly suitable for producing a carbide coating.
- Plasma spraying is suitable for producing a coating of ceramic, cermet or metal.
- cold gas spraying and electric arc wire spraying are also suitable.
- spray particles of the coating material are applied to the friction-ring surfaces 2 to be coated at a very high speed.
- plasma spraying the coating material in powder form is introduced into a plasma gas stream, which is melted by the plasma and injected by the plasma gas stream onto the friction ring surfaces 2 to be coated.
- the coating material in powder form is sprayed onto the friction ring surfaces 2 to be coated at very high speed.
- the powdered coating material is thereby accelerated to such a high speed that, in contrast to other thermal spraying methods, it forms a dense and firmly adhering layer upon impact with the friction ring surfaces 2 to be coated, even without prior onset or melting.
- the spray particles each have a high energy content, through which the cohesive bond with the friction ring surface comes about, while possibly on the friction ring surface existing slags or oxides are displaced or integrated into the resulting structure and therefore do not affect the adhesion of the coating to the friction ring or only to a small extent.
- FIG. 2 shows a contour of a depression 3 produced in the surface 2 of a brake disk base body 1 made of cast iron GG-20 after the electron irradiation.
- the depression 3 here has a diameter b of about 250 ⁇ m on the surface 2.
- the depth a of the recess 3 is about 250 pm.
- the surface was approximately doubled at this point by the dimensions of the recess: Instead of the circular area with the diameter b enters the mantle and base of the recess 3.
- a mechanical clamping between the Friction ring surface 2 and the coating 4 and thus a significantly firmer connection can be achieved, whereby the adhesive strength of the coating 4 is significantly increased at the friction ring 2. This is illustrated in FIGS. 3a to 4b.
- FIGS. 4a and 4b While in FIGS. 3a and 3b the stressing of the coating 4 on the friction ring surface optimized by the connections between coating 4 and friction ring surface 2 is shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b, the original direction of stress of a coating 4 according to the prior art Sketching technique that was determined during braking by shear forces F s due to the frictional forces occurring F R , which is substantially radially, or parallel to the friction ring in the circumferential direction.
- the applied to the flat friction ring surface 2 of the brake disc without surface structuring according to the prior art coating 4 is thereby exposed to increased shear stress, which may favor a detachment of the coating 4.
- FIG. 3 a shows a brake disk cutout with depressions 3 of predetermined depth, which are made in the friction ring surface 2 and have been produced by means of electron beams.
- the then applied coating 4 engages in the recesses 3 and is thus material and positively connected to the friction ring surface.
- 3b shows the force decomposition of the frictional force F R acting on the coating 4 during the braking process in a force vector F s and F N running perpendicular to and parallel to a wall of the recess 3.
- the direction of stress now extends partially in a vertical direction, which reduces the shear stress and significantly increases the load capacity of the coating 4.
- FIG. 5a shows an overview of a friction ring surface 2 having a plurality of depressions 3 produced according to the invention.
- a depression density of approximately 4 depressions per mm 2 can be taken, which is arranged here in a diamond-forming pattern.
- the arrangement of the recesses produced can be arbitrarily selected and designed by the high accuracy of the electron beam method.
- FIG. 5 b shows an enlarged view of the friction ring surface 2 according to the invention from FIG. 5 a, which illustrates the arrangement of the depressions 3.
- the pattern of the pits 3 may be regarded as dots created in parallel lines, the dots being arranged on a line with a certain distance from each other, and the dots of adjacent lines being offset from each other by half of the determined distance.
- the distance of the lines from each other is chosen so that a point of a line is again arranged at a predetermined distance to a point of the other line.
- the predetermined distance here has an average length of about 500 pm. This is an arrangement of the recesses 3 optimized with regard to an optimal connection between the coating 4 and the friction ring surface 2.
- the roughening process according to the invention provides a maximum process speed by means of electron beams, while the electron beams provide the highest flexibility in the arrangement of the roughened surface contours.
- the limit to be coated is significantly increased, whereby a significantly higher adhesion between the coating and friction ring surface is achieved.
- the greater layer thicknesses produced in the regions of the depressions reduce the heat conduction of the friction surface formed by the wear protection layer into the brake disk base body and thus increase the overall heat resistance of the composite system.
- an adhesion layer nor a heat insulating layer between wear protection layer and base body are necessary.
- the original direction of stress (shear stress) in the coating can be converted into a normal force and shear stress. Furthermore, a gradual structure of the coating to be sharpened is ensured by the contour of the depressions after the electron beam. Thus, the risk of cracking in the relatively thick thermal coatings is almost impossible.
- the solidification that takes place immediately after the thermal spraying of the coating causes very high residual stresses at larger layer thicknesses, which can subsequently cause cracks.
- the gradual structure of the coating in the contour avoids this.
- the brake disc according to the invention can be made low, since cost can be used as a material for the main body of the brake disc cast iron.
- the coating provides the brake disc with a higher wear resistance. In addition, this can be achieved a weight reduction and a reduction in corrosion of the brake disc. Furthermore, the coating provides a uniform coefficient of friction of the brake disc and a reduction in braking occurring temperatures, whereby the so-called Bremsenfading, d. H. Failure of the brake due to overheating can be avoided. Finally, an increase in comfort can be achieved by a reduction in vibration and noise during braking achieved with the coating.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011012320.2A DE102011012320B4 (de) | 2011-02-25 | 2011-02-25 | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Bremsscheibe |
PCT/EP2011/006336 WO2012113431A1 (de) | 2011-02-25 | 2011-12-15 | Bremsscheibe und deren herstellungsverfahren |
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EP (1) | EP2678579B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN103392079B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102011012320B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2012113431A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011089125B4 (de) * | 2011-12-20 | 2021-10-21 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Bremskörper |
DE102014215060B4 (de) | 2013-09-20 | 2018-03-22 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Bremsscheibe |
DE102013221737A1 (de) * | 2013-10-25 | 2015-04-30 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Bremsscheibe sowie Bremsscheibe |
CN104726814A (zh) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-24 | 中国兵器工业第五二研究所 | 一种制备大厚度抗冲击热喷涂涂层的表面预处理方法 |
US20160348744A1 (en) * | 2014-02-05 | 2016-12-01 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method for producing a brake disc and brake disc |
CN104005020B (zh) * | 2014-05-29 | 2016-01-06 | 北京工业大学 | 一种螺杆钻具径向轴承的制造方法 |
DE102015212511B4 (de) * | 2014-07-24 | 2019-06-06 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Bremsscheibe sowie Bremsscheibe |
CN104315046A (zh) * | 2014-09-24 | 2015-01-28 | 广西柳工机械股份有限公司 | 驱动桥隔热制动盘 |
US10082187B2 (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2018-09-25 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Mechanically roughened brake rotors |
DE102016207876A1 (de) * | 2016-05-09 | 2017-11-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Bremsscheibe und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
DE102016117616A1 (de) * | 2016-09-19 | 2018-03-22 | Saurer Germany Gmbh & Co. Kg | Bremsring und Bremsanordnung für eine Spulenbremse, Spulenbremse und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bremsringes |
US10962070B2 (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2021-03-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Brake disk and method for producing a brake disk |
DE202018102703U1 (de) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-06-04 | Langlet GmbH | Bremskörper für ein Fahrzeug |
CN111637177A (zh) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-08 | 李珮豪 | 钎焊式铝制制动盘及其制作方法 |
CN113137441B (zh) * | 2021-03-29 | 2023-03-10 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | 一种耐摩擦制动盘及其制备方法 |
DE102021207133B3 (de) | 2021-07-07 | 2022-12-22 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Bremskörper für ein Kraftfahrzeug sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bremskörpers |
DE102021134411A1 (de) | 2021-12-22 | 2023-06-22 | Global Tech I Offshore Wind Gmbh | Bremsvorrichtung für eine Windenergieanlage und Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Verschleißfestigkeit und Minimierung des Bremsstaubanfalls bei einer derartigen Bremsvorrichtung |
DE102022100262A1 (de) | 2022-01-07 | 2023-07-13 | Gebr. Heller Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Beschichtungsverfahren und beschichtetes Bauteil |
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DE2318098A1 (de) | 1973-04-11 | 1974-10-31 | Goetzewerke | Verfahren zum aufrauhen von oberflaechen metallischer werkstuecke |
DE3718647C1 (de) * | 1987-06-04 | 1988-06-09 | Ford Werke Ag | Bremsscheibe fuer eine Scheibenbremse,insbesondere von Kraftfahrzeugen |
US5083650A (en) * | 1991-05-24 | 1992-01-28 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Friction material having heat-resistant paper support bearing resin-bonded carbon particles |
GB9310820D0 (en) * | 1993-05-26 | 1993-07-14 | Welding Inst | Surface modification |
US5580647A (en) * | 1993-12-20 | 1996-12-03 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive articles incorporating addition polymerizable resins and reactive diluents |
US6524681B1 (en) * | 1997-04-08 | 2003-02-25 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Patterned surface friction materials, clutch plate members and methods of making and using same |
DE19950622A1 (de) * | 1999-10-20 | 2001-05-31 | Schott Glas | Reibbelag für Bauelemente in Bremssystemen |
DE10056161A1 (de) | 2000-11-13 | 2002-05-29 | Knorr Bremse Systeme | Bremsscheibe und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
US7066235B2 (en) * | 2002-05-07 | 2006-06-27 | Nanometal, Llc | Method for manufacturing clad components |
DE10342743A1 (de) | 2003-09-16 | 2005-04-21 | Volkswagen Ag | Bremsscheibe für ein Fahrzeug sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
DE10345000B3 (de) * | 2003-09-27 | 2005-01-27 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bremsteilen und Vorrichtung hierzu |
DE102004016098A1 (de) | 2004-04-01 | 2005-10-20 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Bremsscheibe sowie Bremsscheibe |
US8893863B2 (en) * | 2007-08-22 | 2014-11-25 | Tech M3, Inc. | Reduction of particulate emissions from vehicle braking systems |
DE102007020891A1 (de) * | 2007-05-04 | 2008-11-13 | Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH | Bremsscheibe und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Bremsscheibe |
US20100122880A1 (en) * | 2008-11-17 | 2010-05-20 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Surface configurations for damping inserts |
DE102009008105B4 (de) * | 2009-02-09 | 2017-02-09 | Daimler Ag | Bremsscheibe für ein Fahrzeug |
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2011
- 2011-02-25 DE DE102011012320.2A patent/DE102011012320B4/de active Active
- 2011-12-15 US US13/981,649 patent/US20130333989A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-12-15 WO PCT/EP2011/006336 patent/WO2012113431A1/de active Application Filing
- 2011-12-15 EP EP11802282.1A patent/EP2678579B1/de active Active
- 2011-12-15 CN CN201180068383.0A patent/CN103392079B/zh active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2012113431A1 * |
Also Published As
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DE102011012320B4 (de) | 2015-05-28 |
US20130333989A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 |
CN103392079B (zh) | 2016-10-12 |
WO2012113431A1 (de) | 2012-08-30 |
EP2678579B1 (de) | 2015-02-18 |
DE102011012320A1 (de) | 2012-08-30 |
CN103392079A (zh) | 2013-11-13 |
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