EP2678552A1 - Method and control device for adjusting a temperature of a glow plug - Google Patents

Method and control device for adjusting a temperature of a glow plug

Info

Publication number
EP2678552A1
EP2678552A1 EP12704047.5A EP12704047A EP2678552A1 EP 2678552 A1 EP2678552 A1 EP 2678552A1 EP 12704047 A EP12704047 A EP 12704047A EP 2678552 A1 EP2678552 A1 EP 2678552A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glow plug
temperature
determined
resistance
resistance difference
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12704047.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2678552B1 (en
Inventor
Sascha Joos
Eberhard Janzen
Harald Ryll
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2678552A1 publication Critical patent/EP2678552A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2678552B1 publication Critical patent/EP2678552B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P19/00—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
    • F02P19/02—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
    • F02P19/021—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs characterised by power delivery controls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P19/00—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
    • F02P19/02—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
    • F02P19/025—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs with means for determining glow plug temperature or glow plug resistance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P19/00—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
    • F02P19/02—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
    • F02P19/021—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs characterised by power delivery controls
    • F02P19/023—Individual control of the glow plugs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for adjusting a temperature of a glow plug, in particular for igniting a fuel-air mixture in an internal combustion engine, wherein the temperature of the glow plug is adjusted in response to a resistance of the glow plug by means of a control, and a control device for carrying out the method ,
  • Glow plugs which are used in internal combustion engines to ignite a fuel-air mixture are preheated in a cold state before their temperature is so high that it is sufficient for the ignition of the fuel-air mixture.
  • the glow plug has for this purpose a heater, which acts on the cold glow plug in a short period of 1 to 2 seconds with an excessive heating voltage, so that the glow plug is overstressed at this time.
  • the tip of the glow plug After completion of this so-called push phase, the tip of the glow plug has reached a temperature of about 1000 ° C, while the remaining part of the glow plug still has a temperature which is well below this temperature of 1000 ° C.
  • the temperature of the glow plug in the preheating phase represents an input variable for a control with which the temperature of the glow plug is adjusted when it has reached a stationary temperature profile.
  • this input variable for the control is determined during a transient process, this leads to errors in the subsequent control. Disclosure of the invention
  • the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method for controlling the temperature of a glow plug in which the occurring during the preheating temperature overshoot is reliably prevented, although the glow plug is subjected to an excessive heating voltage.
  • the object is achieved in that the temperature in a preheating the glow plug, in which an overvoltage is applied to the glow plug, is regulated.
  • the advantage of the invention is that the annealing temperature over the entire annealing of the glow plug is now modulated with high quality and the control of the annealing temperature at each time the annealing phase, advantageously also in the preheating (push phase) takes place, in which the heater of the Glow plug, the cold glow plug in a short period of 1 to 2 seconds applied to an excessive heating voltage.
  • This allows better control of the preheat phase both at the key start and during long startup phases.
  • the development effort is reduced since no application for a controlled preheating is necessary and the input parameters are determined only once and maintained for the life of the glow plug.
  • the measured resistance of the glow plug is added to the resistance difference and fed to the sum of the control formed from the measured resistance and the resistance difference.
  • the measured heat resistance is increased by a proactively determined amount, which corresponds to the temperature actually occurring during the preheating phase in the glow plug.
  • the resistance difference consists of several, in particular summed, partial resistance differences, wherein each partial resistance difference is determined as a function of at least one operating parameter of the glow plug.
  • a first partial resistance difference is determined as a function of an energy content of the glow plug which it has at the time of starting the annealing process.
  • the initial characteristic of the glow plug at the time of starting the annealing process is taken into account in the determination of the difference in resistance.
  • the energy content of the glow plug is characterized by an initial resistance, an initial amount of heat or an initial power.
  • the heat balance of the cold glow plug is considered before Clearbestromung. Since, for example, in a cold glow plug, the initial resistance is very small, while in a glow plug, which was once heated, the initial resistance is greater, it is ensured that always the correct input variable is used in the determination of Wderstandsdifferenz.
  • a second partial resistance difference is determined as a function of a temperature setpoint of the glow plug, which it should have at the end of the annealing process. By including the temperature setpoint, it is ensured in the modeling that the final state of the glow plug in the form of the desired temperature value, which corresponds to the temperature which is to be set at the end of the preheating phase of the glow plug, is taken into account. Furthermore, a third partial resistance difference is determined as a function of an output temperature of the glow plug which it has at the time of starting the annealing process. Since the glow plug at different temperatures at the first start has a different behavior, this is
  • Output temperature of the glow plug also considered, in order to model the correct behavior of the glow plug.
  • the starting temperature corresponds to an ambient temperature of the glow plug at the time of starting the annealing process.
  • the ambient temperature of the glow plug is easy to determine, since motor vehicles in whose internal combustion engines the glow plugs are installed have an outside temperature display. Thus, it is possible to dispense with further hardware for determining the ambient temperature.
  • a fourth partial resistance difference is determined as a function of an annealing process of the glow plug that is directly preceded by the start of the annealing process.
  • the state of the glow plug is taken into account, which has the glow plug when the ignition of the engine, which pulls a heating of the glow plug by itself, has taken place, but this short time later turned off again and was activated within a few moments again.
  • the immediately preceding annealing process is characterized by its annealing duration or annealing energy, wherein a factor is determined in dependence on an initial resistance of the glow plug, which is multiplied by the fourth partial resistance difference and added to the resistance difference.
  • the annealing time which corresponds to the duty cycle of the glow plug, allows conclusions about how much energy is still stored in the glow plug.
  • the fourth partial resistance difference which was determined in dependence on the start of the annealing preceding annealing time, added to the resistance difference.
  • a Temperaturistwert determined which is subtracted from the temperature setpoint 5, wherein the thus determined Temperature difference of the control is supplied from which a drive voltage for the glow plug is determined to set the desired temperature setpoint.
  • a development of the invention relates to a control device for setting a temperature of a glow plug, in particular for igniting a fuel-air mixture in an internal combustion engine, which adjusts the temperature depending on a resistance of the glow plug by means of a control.
  • a control device for setting a temperature of a glow plug, in particular for igniting a fuel-air mixture in an internal combustion engine, which adjusts the temperature depending on a resistance of the glow plug by means of a control.
  • means are provided which regulate the temperature in a preheating phase in which an overvoltage is applied to the glow plug.
  • Figure 1 Schematic representation of the arrangement of a glow plug in an internal combustion engine
  • Figure 2 schematic representation for modeling the temperature of a glow plug in a fast preheat phase
  • FIG. 3 Temperature-time diagram without and with predictive temperature modeling
  • a glow plug 2 protrudes into the combustion chamber 3 of the diesel engine 4.
  • the glow plug 2 is on the one hand connected to the Glühzeit Kunststoff réelle 5 and on the other hand leads to a battery 6, the glow plug 2 with the rated voltage of 1 1, for example Volts drives.
  • the Glühzeit tenu réelle 5 is connected to the engine control unit 7, which in turn leads to the diesel engine 4.
  • the glow plug 2 is preheated by the application of an overvoltage in a, also referred to as a push phase preheating, which lasts 1 to 2 seconds.
  • the electrical energy that is supplied to the glow plug 2 is thus converted into heat in a heating coil, not shown, which is why the temperature at the top of the glow plug 2 rises steeply.
  • the heating power of the heating coil is adjusted via the electronic Glühzeit Kunststoff 5 to the requirement of the respective diesel engine 4.
  • the fuel-air mixture is conducted past the hot tip of the glow plug 2 and heats up. Associated with an intake air heating during the compressor stroke of the diesel engine 4, the ignition temperature of the fuel-air mixture is achieved.
  • the glow plug 2 has different glow phases. As already shown, in a preheating phase, which takes 1 to 2 seconds, the cold glow plug 2 is supplied with an overvoltage, which is above the nominal voltage of the glow plug 2. During this short period of time, the tip of the glow plug is heated to approximately 1000 ° C, while the remaining part of the glow plug 2 is still below this temperature, thereby forming a transient temperature profile within the glow plug 2.
  • This preheating phase is followed by a heating phase of the glow plug 2, in which the transient temperature distribution compensates for a steady temperature distribution over the entire glow plug 2. Such a heating phase usually takes approximately 30 seconds.
  • the resistance difference is adapted dynamically during the heating-up phase. This is followed by the annealing phase, in which a steady temperature distribution over the entire glow plug is ensured.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram for the temperature modeling of the glow plug 2 during the rapid preheat phase is integrated as software in the engine control unit 7 or the Glühzeit Kunststoff Technology 5 and is taken into account in a temperature control of the glow plug.
  • a control input variable for the general temperature control of the glow plug 2 over the entire annealing process is provided by the engine control unit 7, a temperature setpoint TDES.
  • a resistance R m of the glow plug is measured, which represents a value for the current temperature at the glow plug 2.
  • This measured resistance R m is determined at each Bestromungsvorgang, which takes place at regular intervals.
  • this measured resistance R m is added to a resistance difference AR, which is determined by means of a predictive model 8.
  • This predictive model 8 models the temperature of the glow plug 2 in the rapid preheat phase.
  • an initial resistance R 0 i of the glow plug 2 is determined.
  • This initial resistance R 01 is fed to a characteristic curve 9, which was determined during stationary operation of the glow plug. From this characteristic curve 9, a first partial resistance difference ⁇ R1 is determined on the basis of the measured initial resistance R 0 i.
  • Another input variable of the predictive model 8 is the temperature setpoint
  • TQES provided which identifies the end temperature of the glow plug 2 to be reached.
  • This temperature setpoint T DE swird is also given to a further characteristic curve 10 as an input variable, from which a second partial resistance difference ⁇ R 2 is determined.
  • the thus determined partial resistance differences ⁇ R1 and ⁇ R2 are added in block 14.
  • Glow time / annealing energy E (E U * I * t) of, the current annealing immediately preceding the annealing process of the glow plug 2 taken into account.
  • a fourth partial resistance difference ⁇ R4 is determined with the aid of a fourth characteristic curve 12. Since, due to the annealing time / annealing energy E of the immediately preceding annealing, the resistance of the glow plug 2 changes when the heat that has built up during the previous annealing process within the glow plug 2 has not yet cooled, the resistance R 0 i is another characteristic 13, which as a result yields a factor F which is multiplied in block 22 by the fourth partial resistance difference ⁇ R4.
  • the factor F is selected so that when the time measured initial resistance R 0 i is greater than a predetermined threshold value of the Wderstandes R 0 i, that is equal to the first The factor F tends towards the value zero, when the initial resistance R 0 i is smaller than the predetermined threshold value of the resistor R 0 i. This requires that the input variables of the annealing time / annealing energy E with the associated change in the initial resistance R 0 i are only used to determine the resistance difference ER when the glow plug 2 still has a correspondingly high resistance due to a preceding annealing process, which goes along with a changed temperature of the glow plug 2.
  • the fourth partial resistance difference ⁇ R4 is added in block 16 to the above-described partial resistance difference ⁇ R1, ⁇ R2 and ⁇ R3, resulting in a resistance difference ⁇ R corresponding to a predetermined temperature occurring at the end of the preheating operation on the glow plug 2.
  • the determined in the predictive model 8 resistance difference ER is added in block 17 to the measured resistance R m .
  • This sum of the difference in resistance ⁇ R and the measured resistance R m is fed to a characteristic curve 18 in which the heat resistance is plotted against the temperature.
  • This characteristic curve 18 is a characteristic determined individually for each glow plug 2 at a steady-state temperature distribution, since glow plugs have an independent transfer function due to production tolerances.
  • a base temperature TBAS of the glow plug 2 is determined.
  • This base temperature T B AS is adjusted in block 19 with a heat conduction model, which takes into account the extent to which there is a temperature difference between the interior of the heater of the glow plug 2 and the surface temperature of the glow plug 2.
  • a temperature difference is supplied in block 19 to the base temperature T B AS, from the sum of which the actual temperature T A CT of the glow plug 2 results.
  • This actual temperature T A CT is now used in the control cycle, where it is in the
  • Block 20 is subtracted from the temperature setpoint T DE s.
  • the difference between the temperature setpoint T DE s and the actual temperature T A CT is fed to a controller 21, which determines a voltage U G ov, which is the glow plug 2, in particular the heater of the glow plug 2, for rapid adjustment of the temperature setpoint T DE s supplied ,
  • FIG. 3 shows two temperature-time diagrams in which the measured temperature Tm is shown once without predictive modeling (FIG. 3a) and once with predictive modeling (FIG. 3b). It can be seen from FIG. 3a that the measured temperature Tm, which is to be adapted to the temperature setpoint T Des , has a temperature overshoot shortly after the start of the annealing process, which does not approach the temperature setpoint T Des until after a time of approximately 30 seconds. For comparison, the temperature Tmo modeled mathematically according to FIG. 2 without model 8 is shown, which after the preheating phase, approximately after 5 seconds, corresponds to the level of the Tm
  • Temperature setpoint T Des is reached and regulated by this.
  • FIG. 3 b shows the course of the measured temperature T m when taking into account the resistance difference A R determined in advance by means of the predictive temperature model 8.
  • Tm shows no temperature overshoot, but approaches immediately after the Preheating phase of the modeled temperature Tm.
  • the temperature setpoint T Des is reached by means of this control and is regulated by this. Due to the predictive model 8, it is possible that a temperature control of the glow plug 2 not only during stationary operation, in which no more resistance-temperature fluctuations, but also in transient operation, preferably in the rapid preheating at the beginning of the annealing process and during to carry out the heating phase.
  • Preheat phase is modeled, how large will be the resistance difference ER at the end of the preheating process, this difference in resistance ER is fed as an input to the control process.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for adjusting a temperature of a glow plug, in particular for igniting a fuel/air mixture in an internal combustion engine, wherein the temperature (Tm) of the glow plug (2) is adjusted by means of a regulating system dependent on a resistance (Rm) of the glow plug (2). The aim of the invention is to prevent the occurrence of temperature overhoots during the pre-heating phase of the glow plug. This is achieved in that the temperature (Tm) is regulated using a predictive model (8) in a pre-heating phase in which an overvoltage is applied to the glow plug (2).

Description

Beschreibung Titel  Description title
VERFAHREN UND STEUERGERÄT ZUR EINSTELLUNG EINER TEMPERATUR EINER GLÜHSTIFTKERZE  METHOD AND CONTROL DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING A TEMPERATURE OF A GLOW PEN CANDLE
Stand der Technik State of the art
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Einstellung einer Temperatur einer Glühstiftkerze, insbesondere zur Zündung eines Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches in einem Verbrennungsmotor, bei welchem die Temperatur der Glühstiftkerze in Abhängigkeit eines Widerstandes der Glühstiftkerze mittels einer Regelung eingestellt wird, sowie ein Steuergerät zur Durchführung des Verfahrens. The invention relates to a method for adjusting a temperature of a glow plug, in particular for igniting a fuel-air mixture in an internal combustion engine, wherein the temperature of the glow plug is adjusted in response to a resistance of the glow plug by means of a control, and a control device for carrying out the method ,
Glühstiftkerzen, welche in Verbrennungsmotoren zur Zündung eines Kraftstoff- Luft-Gemisches eingesetzt werden, werden in kaltem Zustand vorgeglüht, bevor ihre Temperatur so hoch ist, dass es für die Zündung des Kraftstoff-Luft- Gemisches ausreicht. Die Glühstiftkerze weist dazu einen Heizer auf, welcher die kalte Glühstiftkerze in einer kurzen Zeitspanne von 1 bis 2 Sekunden mit einer überhöhten Heizspannung beaufschlagt, so dass die Glühstiftkerze zu diesem Zeitpunkt überbeansprucht wird. Nach Abschluss dieser sogenannten Push- Phase hat die Spitze der Glühstiftkerze eine Temperatur von über 1000°C erreicht, während der restliche Teil der Glühstiftkerze noch eine Temperatur aufweist, die weit unterhalb dieser Temperatur von 1000°C liegt. Glow plugs, which are used in internal combustion engines to ignite a fuel-air mixture are preheated in a cold state before their temperature is so high that it is sufficient for the ignition of the fuel-air mixture. The glow plug has for this purpose a heater, which acts on the cold glow plug in a short period of 1 to 2 seconds with an excessive heating voltage, so that the glow plug is overstressed at this time. After completion of this so-called push phase, the tip of the glow plug has reached a temperature of about 1000 ° C, while the remaining part of the glow plug still has a temperature which is well below this temperature of 1000 ° C.
Durch die Ansteuerung der Glühstiftkerze mit einer überhöhten Heizspannung entsteht ein Temperaturüberschwinger an der Glühstiftkerze. Die in der Vorheizphase erlangte Temperatur der Glühstiftkerze stellt eine Eingangsgröße für eine Regelung dar, mit welcher die Temperatur der Glühstiftkerze eingestellt wird, wenn diese einen stationären Temperaturverlauf erreicht hat. Da diese Eingangsgröße für die Regelung aber während eines Einschwingvorganges ermittelt wird, führt dies in der nachfolgenden Regelung zu Fehlern. Offenbarung der Erfindung By controlling the glow plug with an excessive heating voltage creates a temperature overshoot on the glow plug. The temperature of the glow plug in the preheating phase represents an input variable for a control with which the temperature of the glow plug is adjusted when it has reached a stationary temperature profile. However, since this input variable for the control is determined during a transient process, this leads to errors in the subsequent control. Disclosure of the invention
Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Regelung der Temperatur einer Glühstiftkerze anzugeben, bei welchem der während der Vorheizphase auftretende Temperaturüberschwinger zuverlässig unterbunden wird, obwohl die Glühstiftkerze mit einer überhöhten Heizspannung beaufschlagt wird. The invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method for controlling the temperature of a glow plug in which the occurring during the preheating temperature overshoot is reliably prevented, although the glow plug is subjected to an excessive heating voltage.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass die Temperatur in einer Vorheizphase der Glühstiftkerze, in welcher eine Überspannung an die Glühstiftkerze angelegt wird, geregelt wird. Der Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, dass die Glühtemperatur über den gesamten Glühvorgang der Glühstiftkerze nun mit hoher Güte moduliert wird und die Regelung der Glühtemperatur zu jedem Zeitpunkt der Glühphase, vorteilhafterweise auch in der Vorheizphase (Push-Phase) erfolgt, bei welcher der Heizer der Glühstiftkerze die kalte Glühstiftkerze in einer kurze Zeitspanne von 1 bis 2 Sekunden mit einer überhöhten Heizspannung beaufschlagt. Dies ermöglicht eine bessere Beherrschung der Vorheizphase sowohl beim Schlüsselstart als auch bei langen Startphasen. Vorteilhafterweise wird zur Regelung der Temperatur der Glühstiftkerze in derAccording to the invention the object is achieved in that the temperature in a preheating the glow plug, in which an overvoltage is applied to the glow plug, is regulated. The advantage of the invention is that the annealing temperature over the entire annealing of the glow plug is now modulated with high quality and the control of the annealing temperature at each time the annealing phase, advantageously also in the preheating (push phase) takes place, in which the heater of the Glow plug, the cold glow plug in a short period of 1 to 2 seconds applied to an excessive heating voltage. This allows better control of the preheat phase both at the key start and during long startup phases. Advantageously, to control the temperature of the glow plug in the
Vorheizphase eine Widerstandsdifferenz, welche am Ende der Vorheizphase zu einem gemessenen Widerstand besteht, mit Hilfe eines physikalischen Modells während der Vorheizphase vorausschauend bestimmt. Somit wird die Temperatur in der Vorheizphase, in welcher eine Überspannung an die Glühstiftkerze an- gelegt wird, mit Hilfe des prädiktiven Modells geregelt. Dadurch ist die Vorheizphase der Glühstiftkerze robuster, da keine oder nur geringe Temperaturüberschwinger auftreten und es werden exakte Eingangswerte für die Regelung auch im weiteren Glühverlauf der Glühstiftkerze bereitgestellt. Somit wird die Regelung bereits in der Vorheizphase eng auf den gewünschten Temperatursollwert aus- gerichtet. Durch die Bestimmung der Wderstandsdifferenz wird die Eingangsgröße des Widerstandes für die Regelung initialisiert und der Zeitpunkt bei der Erstbestromung der Glühstiftkerze mit berücksichtigt. Weiterhin wird der Entwicklungsaufwand reduziert, da keine Applikation für ein gesteuertes Vorheizen notwendig wird und die Eingangsparameter nur einmal bestimmt und für die Le- bensdauer der Glühstiftkerze beibehalten werden. In einer Ausgestaltung wird der gemessene Widerstand der Glühstiftkerze mit der Widerstandsdifferenz addiert und die aus dem gemessenen Widerstand und der Widerstandsdifferenz gebildete Summe der Regelung zugeführt. Dadurch wird der gemessene Wderstand um einen vorausschauend bestimmten Betrag erhöht, welcher der tatsächlich während der Vorheizphase in der Glühstiftkerze auftretenden Temperatur entspricht. Preheat a resistance difference, which consists at the end of the preheat phase to a measured resistance, determined by means of a physical model during the preheating anticipatory. Thus, the temperature in the preheating phase, in which an overvoltage is applied to the glow plug, is controlled by means of the predictive model. As a result, the preheating phase of the glow plug is more robust, since no or only small temperature overshoot occur and there are provided accurate input values for the control in the further course of the glow plug glow. Thus, the control is already closely aligned to the desired temperature setpoint in the preheating phase. By determining the Wderstandsdifferenz the input variable of the resistor for the control is initialized and taken into account the time at the Erstbestromung the glow plug. Furthermore, the development effort is reduced since no application for a controlled preheating is necessary and the input parameters are determined only once and maintained for the life of the glow plug. In one embodiment, the measured resistance of the glow plug is added to the resistance difference and fed to the sum of the control formed from the measured resistance and the resistance difference. As a result, the measured heat resistance is increased by a proactively determined amount, which corresponds to the temperature actually occurring during the preheating phase in the glow plug.
In einer Weiterbildung besteht die Widerstandsdifferenz aus mehreren, insbesondere summierten, Teilwiderstandsdifferenzen, wobei jede Teilwiderstandsdifferenz in Abhängigkeit mindestens eines Betriebsparameters der Glühstiftkerze bestimmt wird. Dadurch wird der Zustand der Glühstiftkerze zum Start eines Glühvorganges bei der Erstbestromung der Glühstiftkerze charakterisiert und unter Anwendung von entsprechenden Kennlinien optimiert. In a further development, the resistance difference consists of several, in particular summed, partial resistance differences, wherein each partial resistance difference is determined as a function of at least one operating parameter of the glow plug. As a result, the state of the glow plug is characterized to start an annealing process in the Erstbestromung the glow plug and optimized using appropriate characteristics.
In einer Variante wird eine erste Teilwiderstandsdifferenz in Abhängigkeit eines Energiegehaltes der Glühstiftkerze bestimmt, welchen diese zum Zeitpunkt des Startes des Glühvorganges aufweist. Dadurch wird die Anfangscharakteristik der Glühstiftkerze zum Zeitpunkt des Starts des Glühvorganges bei der Bestimmung der Wderstandsdifferenz berücksichtigt. In a variant, a first partial resistance difference is determined as a function of an energy content of the glow plug which it has at the time of starting the annealing process. As a result, the initial characteristic of the glow plug at the time of starting the annealing process is taken into account in the determination of the difference in resistance.
Insbesondere wird der Energiegehalt der Glühstiftkerze durch einen Anfangswiderstand, eine Anfangswärmemenge oder eine Anfangsleistung charakterisiert. Somit wird der Wärmehaushalt der kalten Glühstiftkerze vor der Erstbestromung berücksichtigt. Da beispielsweise bei einer kalten Glühstiftkerze der Anfangswiderstand sehr klein ist, während bei einer Glühstiftkerze, die schon einmal angeheizt wurde, der Anfangswiderstand größer ist, wird sichergestellt, dass immer die korrekte Eingangsgröße bei der Bestimmung der Wderstandsdifferenz herangezogen wird. In particular, the energy content of the glow plug is characterized by an initial resistance, an initial amount of heat or an initial power. Thus, the heat balance of the cold glow plug is considered before Erstbestromung. Since, for example, in a cold glow plug, the initial resistance is very small, while in a glow plug, which was once heated, the initial resistance is greater, it is ensured that always the correct input variable is used in the determination of Wderstandsdifferenz.
In einer anderen Ausführungsform wird eine zweite Teilwiderstandsdifferenz in Abhängigkeit eines Temperatursollwertes der Glühstiftkerze bestimmt, welchen diese am Ende des Glühvorganges aufweisen soll. Durch die Einbeziehung des Temperatursollwertes wird bei der Modellierung sichergestellt, dass auch der zu erreichende Endzustand der Glühstiftkerze in Form des Temperatursollwertes, welcher der Temperatur entspricht, die am Ende des der Vorheizphase folgenden Aufheizvorganges der Glühstiftkerze eingestellt sein soll, berücksichtigt wird. Ferner wird eine dritte Teilwiderstandsdifferenz in Abhängigkeit einer Ausgangstemperatur der Glühstiftkerze bestimmt, welchen diese zum Zeitpunkt des Startes des Glühvorganges aufweist. Da die Glühstiftkerze bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen beim Erststart ein unterschiedliches Verhalten aufweist, wird dieseIn another embodiment, a second partial resistance difference is determined as a function of a temperature setpoint of the glow plug, which it should have at the end of the annealing process. By including the temperature setpoint, it is ensured in the modeling that the final state of the glow plug in the form of the desired temperature value, which corresponds to the temperature which is to be set at the end of the preheating phase of the glow plug, is taken into account. Furthermore, a third partial resistance difference is determined as a function of an output temperature of the glow plug which it has at the time of starting the annealing process. Since the glow plug at different temperatures at the first start has a different behavior, this is
Ausgangstemperatur der Glühstiftkerze ebenfalls berücksichtigt, um das richtige Verhalten der Glühstiftkerze modellieren zu können. Output temperature of the glow plug also considered, in order to model the correct behavior of the glow plug.
Insbesondere entspricht die Ausgangstemperatur einer Umgebungstemperatur der Glühstiftkerze zum Zeitpunkt des Startes des Glühvorganges. Die Umgebungstemperatur der Glühstiftkerze ist einfach zu ermitteln, da Kraftfahrzeuge, in dessen Verbrennungsmotoren die Glühstiftkerzen eingebaut sind, über eine Außentemperaturanzeige verfügen. Somit kann auf weitere Hardware zur Bestimmung der Umgebungstemperatur verzichtet werden. In particular, the starting temperature corresponds to an ambient temperature of the glow plug at the time of starting the annealing process. The ambient temperature of the glow plug is easy to determine, since motor vehicles in whose internal combustion engines the glow plugs are installed have an outside temperature display. Thus, it is possible to dispense with further hardware for determining the ambient temperature.
Vorteilhafterweise wird eine vierte Teilwiderstandsdifferenz in Abhängigkeit eines, dem Start des Glühvorganges unmittelbar vorausgegangenen Glühvorganges der Glühstiftkerze bestimmt. Damit wird insbesondere dem Zustand der Glühstiftkerze Rechnung getragen, welcher die Glühstiftkerze aufweist, wenn die Zündung des Verbrennungsmotors, welche ein Aufheizen der Glühstiftkerze nach sich zieht, erfolgt ist, diese kurze Zeit später aber wieder ausgeschaltet wurde und innerhalb weniger Augenblicke wiederum aktiviert wurde. Advantageously, a fourth partial resistance difference is determined as a function of an annealing process of the glow plug that is directly preceded by the start of the annealing process. Thus, in particular, the state of the glow plug is taken into account, which has the glow plug when the ignition of the engine, which pulls a heating of the glow plug by itself, has taken place, but this short time later turned off again and was activated within a few moments again.
In einer Ausgestaltung wird der unmittelbar vorausgegangene Glühvorgang durch dessen Glühdauer oder Glühenergie charakterisiert, wobei in Abhängigkeit eines Anfangswiderstandes der Glühstiftkerze ein Faktor bestimmt wird, welcher mit der vierten Teilwiderstandsdifferenz multipliziert wird und zu der Widerstandsdifferenz addiert wird. Die Glühdauer, welche der Einschaltdauer der Glühstiftkerze entspricht, erlaubt Rückschlüsse darauf, wie viel Energie noch in der Glühstiftkerze gespeichert ist. Je nachdem, wie groß der während der vorausgegangenen Glühdauer der Glühstiftkerze eingestellte Ausgangswiderstand ist, wird die vierte Teilwiderstandsdifferenz, die in Abhängigkeit von der dem Start des Glühvorganges vorausgegangenen Glühdauer ermittelt wurde, zu der Widerstandsdifferenz hinzu addiert. In einer weiteren Variante wird aus einer Kennlinie, welche individuell für jede Glühstiftkerze im aufgeheizten, stationären Betrieb der Glühstiftkerze bestimmt wird, anhand der Summe aus dem gemessenen Widerstand und der Widerstandsdifferenz, ein Temperaturistwert ermittelt, welcher vom Temperatursollwert 5 subtrahiert wird, wobei die so ermittelte Temperaturdifferenz der Regelung zugeführt wird, aus welcher eine Ansteuerspannung für die Glühstiftkerze ermittelt wird, um den gewünschten Temperatursollwert einzustellen. Die Einbindung der Widerstandsdifferenz in die Bestimmung des Temperaturistwertes führt dazu, dass auch während der schnellen Vorheizphase eine Regelung der Temperatur l o der Glühstiftkerze gewährleistet werden kann. In one embodiment, the immediately preceding annealing process is characterized by its annealing duration or annealing energy, wherein a factor is determined in dependence on an initial resistance of the glow plug, which is multiplied by the fourth partial resistance difference and added to the resistance difference. The annealing time, which corresponds to the duty cycle of the glow plug, allows conclusions about how much energy is still stored in the glow plug. Depending on how large the set during the previous annealing period of the glow plug output resistance, the fourth partial resistance difference, which was determined in dependence on the start of the annealing preceding annealing time, added to the resistance difference. In a further variant, from a characteristic which is determined individually for each glow plug in the heated, stationary operation of the glow plug, based on the sum of the measured resistance and the resistance difference, a Temperaturistwert determined, which is subtracted from the temperature setpoint 5, wherein the thus determined Temperature difference of the control is supplied from which a drive voltage for the glow plug is determined to set the desired temperature setpoint. The integration of the resistance difference in the determination of the temperature actual value means that even during the rapid preheating phase, a control of the temperature lo of the glow plug can be ensured.
Eine Weiterbildung der Erfindung betrifft ein Steuergerät zur Einstellung einer Temperatur einer Glühstiftkerze, insbesondere zur Zündung eines Kraftstoff-Luft- Gemisches in einem Verbrennungsmotor, welches die Temperatur in Abhängig- 15 keit eines Widerstandes der Glühstiftkerze mittels einer Regelung einstellt. Um während der Vorheizphase auftretende Temperaturüberschwinger zu unterbinden, sind Mittel vorhanden, welche die Temperatur in einer Vorheizphase, in welche eine Überspannung an die Glühstiftkerze angelegt ist, regeln. A development of the invention relates to a control device for setting a temperature of a glow plug, in particular for igniting a fuel-air mixture in an internal combustion engine, which adjusts the temperature depending on a resistance of the glow plug by means of a control. In order to prevent temperature overshoots occurring during the preheating phase, means are provided which regulate the temperature in a preheating phase in which an overvoltage is applied to the glow plug.
20 Die Erfindung lässt zahlreiche Ausführungsformen zu. Eine davon soll anhand der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Figuren näher erläutert werden. The invention allows numerous embodiments. One of them will be explained in more detail with reference to the figures shown in the drawing.
Es zeigt: It shows:
25 Figur 1 : Prinzipdarstellung der Anordnung einer Glühstiftkerze in einem Verbrennungsmotor 25 Figure 1: Schematic representation of the arrangement of a glow plug in an internal combustion engine
Figur 2: schematische Darstellung zur Modellierung der Temperatur einer Glühstiftkerze in einer schnellen Vorheizphase Figure 2: schematic representation for modeling the temperature of a glow plug in a fast preheat phase
30  30
Figur 3: Temperatur-Zeit-Diagramm ohne und mit prädiktiver Temperaturmodellierung  FIG. 3: Temperature-time diagram without and with predictive temperature modeling
Kalte Verbrennungsmotoren, insbesondere Dieselmotoren, benötigen bei Umge¬Cold internal combustion engines, especially diesel engines, require Umge¬
35 bungstemperaturen von <40°C eine Starthilfe zur Zündung des in den Dieselmotor eingeleiteten Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches. Als Starthilfe werden dann Glühsys- teme eingesetzt, welche aus Glühstiftkerzen, einem Glühzeitsteuergerät und einer Glühsoftware, welche in einem Motorsteuergerät oder dem Glühzeitsteuergerät abgelegt ist, bestehen. Außerdem werden Glühsysteme auch zur Verbesserung der Emission des Fahrzeuges genutzt. Weitere Einsatzgebiete des Glühsystems bestehen im Brennerabgassystem, bei der Standheizung, bei der Vorwärmung für Kraftstoff (flex fuel) oder der Vorwärmung des Kühlwassers. 35 starting temperatures of <40 ° C a jump start to ignite the introduced into the diesel engine fuel-air mixture. As starting aid, glowing used, which consist of glow plugs, a Glühzeitsteuergerät and annealing software, which is stored in an engine control unit or the Glühzeitsteuergerät consist. In addition, annealing systems are also used to improve the emission of the vehicle. Further fields of application of the glow system are the burner exhaust system, the auxiliary heating, the preheating of fuel (flex fuel) or the preheating of the cooling water.
Figur 1 zeigt ein solches Glühsystem 1. Eine Glühstiftkerze 2 ragt dabei in den Brennraum 3 des Dieselmotors 4. Die Glühstiftkerze 2 ist einerseits mit dem Glühzeitsteuergerät 5 verbunden und führt andererseits an eine Batterie 6, die die Glühstiftkerze 2 mit der Nennspannung von beispielsweise 1 1 Volt ansteuert. Das Glühzeitsteuergerät 5 ist mit dem Motorsteuergerät 7 verbunden, welches wiederum an den Dieselmotor 4 führt. A glow plug 2 protrudes into the combustion chamber 3 of the diesel engine 4. The glow plug 2 is on the one hand connected to the Glühzeitsteuergerät 5 and on the other hand leads to a battery 6, the glow plug 2 with the rated voltage of 1 1, for example Volts drives. The Glühzeitsteuergerät 5 is connected to the engine control unit 7, which in turn leads to the diesel engine 4.
Zur Zündung des Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches wird die Glühstiftkerze 2 in einer, auch als Push-Phase bezeichneten Vorheizphase, die 1 bis 2 Sekunden dauert, durch das Anlegen einer Überspannung vorgeheizt. Die elektrische Energie, die der Glühstiftkerze 2 somit zugeführt wird, wird in einer nicht weiter dargestellten Heizwendel in Wärme umgewandelt, weshalb die Temperatur an der Spitze der Glühstiftkerze 2 steil ansteigt. Die Heizleistung der Heizwendel wird über das elektronische Glühzeitsteuergerät 5 an die Anforderung des jeweiligen Dieselmotors 4 angepasst. Das Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisch wird an der heißen Spitze der Glühstiftkerze 2 vorbeigeleitet und erwärmt sich dabei. Verbunden mit einer Ansauglufterwärmung während des Verdichtertaktes des Dieselmotors 4 wird die Entflammungstemperatur des Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches erreicht. To ignite the fuel-air mixture, the glow plug 2 is preheated by the application of an overvoltage in a, also referred to as a push phase preheating, which lasts 1 to 2 seconds. The electrical energy that is supplied to the glow plug 2 is thus converted into heat in a heating coil, not shown, which is why the temperature at the top of the glow plug 2 rises steeply. The heating power of the heating coil is adjusted via the electronic Glühzeitsteuergerät 5 to the requirement of the respective diesel engine 4. The fuel-air mixture is conducted past the hot tip of the glow plug 2 and heats up. Associated with an intake air heating during the compressor stroke of the diesel engine 4, the ignition temperature of the fuel-air mixture is achieved.
Die Glühstiftkerze 2 weist verschiedene Glühphasen auf. We bereits dargestellt, wird in einer Vorheizphase, die 1 bis 2 Sekunden in Anspruch nimmt, der kalten Glühstiftkerze 2 eine Überspannung zugeführt, welche oberhalb der Nennspannung der Glühstiftkerze 2 liegt. Während dieses kurzen Zeitraumes wird die Spitze der Glühstiftkerze auf annähernd 1000°C erhitzt, während der restliche Teil der Glühstiftkerze 2 noch unterhalb dieser Temperatur liegt, wodurch sich ein instationärer Temperaturverlauf innerhalb der Glühstiftkerze 2 ausbildet. An diese Vorheizphase schließt sich eine Aufheizphase der Glühstiftkerze 2 an, in welcher die instationäre Temperaturverteilung sich zu einer stationären Temperaturverteilung über die gesamte Glühstiftkerze 2 ausgleicht. Eine solche Aufheizphase dauert normalerweise annähernd 30 Sekunden. Nach der Vorheizphase der Glühstiftkerze wird die Widerstandsdifferenz dynamisch in der Aufheizphase an- gepasst. Daran schließt sich die Glühphase an, bei welcher eine stationäre Temperaturverteilung über die gesamte Glühstiftkerze gewährleistet ist. The glow plug 2 has different glow phases. As already shown, in a preheating phase, which takes 1 to 2 seconds, the cold glow plug 2 is supplied with an overvoltage, which is above the nominal voltage of the glow plug 2. During this short period of time, the tip of the glow plug is heated to approximately 1000 ° C, while the remaining part of the glow plug 2 is still below this temperature, thereby forming a transient temperature profile within the glow plug 2. This preheating phase is followed by a heating phase of the glow plug 2, in which the transient temperature distribution compensates for a steady temperature distribution over the entire glow plug 2. Such a heating phase usually takes approximately 30 seconds. After the pre-heating phase of the glow plug, the resistance difference is adapted dynamically during the heating-up phase. This is followed by the annealing phase, in which a steady temperature distribution over the entire glow plug is ensured.
In Figur 2 ist ein schematisches Diagramm zur Temperaturmodellierung der Glühstiftkerze 2 während der schnellen Vorheizphase dargestellt, die als Software in das Motorsteuergerät 7 oder das Glühzeitsteuergerät 5 integriert ist und dort bei einer Temperaturregelung der Glühstiftkerze berücksichtigt wird. Als Re- geleingangsgröße für die generelle Temperaturregelung der Glühstiftkerze 2 über den gesamten Glühvorgang wird vom Motorsteuergerät 7 ein Temperatursollwert TDES bereitgestellt. Gleichzeitig wird ein Widerstand Rm der Glühstiftkerze gemessen, welcher einen Wert für die aktuelle Temperatur an der Glühstiftkerze 2 darstellt. Dieser gemessene Widerstand Rmwird bei jedem Bestromungsvorgang, der in gleichmäßigen zeitlichen Abständen erfolgt, bestimmt. In einem Block 17 wird dieser gemessene Widerstand Rm zu einer Widerstandsdifferenz ÄR addiert, welche mit Hilfe eines prädiktiven Modells 8 bestimmt wird. Dieses prädiktive Modell 8 modelliert die Temperatur der Glühstiftkerze 2 in der schnellen Vorheizphase. Innerhalb des prädiktiven Modells 8 wird zunächst ein Anfangswiderstand R0i der Glühstiftkerze 2 ermittelt. Dieser Anfangswiderstand R01 wird einer Kennlinie 9 zugeführt, welche im stationären Betrieb der Glühstiftkerze ermittelt wurde. Aus dieser Kennlinie 9 wird anhand des gemessenen Anfangswiderstandes R0i eine erste Teilwiderstandsdifferenz ÄR1 ermittelt. Als weitere Eingangsgröße des prädiktiven Modells 8 ist der Temperatursollwert2 shows a schematic diagram for the temperature modeling of the glow plug 2 during the rapid preheat phase is integrated as software in the engine control unit 7 or the Glühzeitsteuergerät 5 and is taken into account in a temperature control of the glow plug. As a control input variable for the general temperature control of the glow plug 2 over the entire annealing process is provided by the engine control unit 7, a temperature setpoint TDES. At the same time, a resistance R m of the glow plug is measured, which represents a value for the current temperature at the glow plug 2. This measured resistance R m is determined at each Bestromungsvorgang, which takes place at regular intervals. In a block 17, this measured resistance R m is added to a resistance difference AR, which is determined by means of a predictive model 8. This predictive model 8 models the temperature of the glow plug 2 in the rapid preheat phase. Within the predictive model 8, initially an initial resistance R 0 i of the glow plug 2 is determined. This initial resistance R 01 is fed to a characteristic curve 9, which was determined during stationary operation of the glow plug. From this characteristic curve 9, a first partial resistance difference ΔR1 is determined on the basis of the measured initial resistance R 0 i. Another input variable of the predictive model 8 is the temperature setpoint
TQES vorgesehen, welcher die zu erreichende Endtemperatur der Glühstiftkerze 2 kennzeichnet. Auch dieser Temperatursollwert TDEswird auf eine weitere Kennlinie 10 als Eingangsgröße gegeben, aus welcher eine zweite Teilwiderstandsdifferenz ÄR2 ermittelt wird. Die so ermittelten Teilwiderstandsdifferenzen ÄR1 und ÄR2 werden im Block 14 addiert. TQES provided which identifies the end temperature of the glow plug 2 to be reached. This temperature setpoint T DE swird is also given to a further characteristic curve 10 as an input variable, from which a second partial resistance difference ΔR 2 is determined. The thus determined partial resistance differences ÄR1 and ÄR2 are added in block 14.
Neben den schon genannten Eingangsgrößen in Form des Anfangswiderstandes Roi und des Temperatursollwertes TDEs wird die Betriebstemperatur Tc der Glühstiftkerze 2 zum Zeitpunkt des Startes des Glühvorganges also zum Zeitpunkt t=0 bestimmt. Aus dieser Temperatur Tc wird mit Hilfe einer dritten Kennlinie 11 die dritte Teilwiderstandsdifferenz ÄR3 bestimmt. Im Block 15 wird die dritte Teilwi- derstandsdifferenz ÄR3 zu der ersten und der zweiten Teilwiderstandsdifferenz ÄR1 und ÄR2 hinzu addiert. Diese Eingangsgrößen in Form des Anfangswiderstandes R01 , des Temperatursollwertes TDEs und der Umgebungstemperatur Tc werden einmalig zum Zeitpunkt t=0 - bei Aktivierung der Glühstiftkerze 2 - be- stimmt und können im Motorsteuergerät 7 oder dem Glühzeitsteuergerät 5 abgespeichert werden. In addition to the already mentioned input variables in the form of the initial resistance Roi and the temperature setpoint T DE s, the operating temperature T c of the glow plug 2 is determined at the time of the start of the annealing process at time t = 0. From this temperature T c , the third partial resistance difference ÄR3 is determined by means of a third characteristic 11. In block 15 the third part resistance difference ΔR3 added to the first and the second partial resistance difference ÄR1 and ÄR2. These input variables in the form of the initial resistance R01, the temperature setpoint T DE s and the ambient temperature T c are determined once at the time t = 0 - upon activation of the glow plug 2 - and can be stored in the engine control unit 7 or the glow time control unit 5.
Um zu berücksichtigen, dass die Glühstiftkerze 2 bereits kurz vor dem auszuführenden Glühvorgang schon einmal einem Glühvorgang unterworfen wurde, aus welchem die Glühstiftkerze 2 noch nicht ausreichend abgekühlt ist, wird eineIn order to take into account that the glow plug 2 was already subjected to an annealing process shortly before the annealing process to be carried out, from which the glow plug 2 has not yet cooled sufficiently, a
Glühzeit/Glühenergie E (E = U * I * t) des, dem aktuellen Glühvorgang unmittelbar vorausgegangenen Glühvorgangs der Glühstiftkerze 2 berücksichtigt. Aus der Glühzeit/ Glühenergie E wird mit Hilfe einer vierten Kennlinie 12 eine vierte Teilwiderstandsdifferenz ÄR4 bestimmt. Da aufgrund der Glühzeit/Glühenergie E des unmittelbar vorangegangenen Glühvorganges sich der Widerstand der Glühstiftkerze 2 verändert, wenn die Wärme, die sich während des vorausgegangenen Glühvorganges innerhalb der Glühstiftkerze 2 aufgebaut hat, noch nicht abgekühlt ist, wird der Widerstand R0i einer weiteren Kennlinie 13 zugeführt, welcher als Ergebnis einen Faktor F liefert, der im Block 22 mit der vierten Teilwider- Standsdifferenz ÄR4 multipliziert wird. Der Faktor F ist dabei so gewählt, dass wenn der einmal gemessene Anfangswiderstand R0i größer als ein vorgegebener Schwellwert des Wderstandes R0i ist, dieser gleich 1 beträgt. Der Faktor F strebt gegen den Wert Null, wenn der Anfangswiderstand R0i kleiner ist als der vorgegebene Schwellwert des Widerstandes R0i . Dies bedingt, dass die Ein- gangsgrößen der Glühzeit/Glühenergie E mit der dabei verbundenen Veränderung des Anfangswiderstandes R0i nur dann zur Bestimmung der Wderstands- differenz ÄR herangezogen werden, wenn die Glühstiftkerze 2 aufgrund eines vorangegangenen Glühvorganges noch einen entsprechend großen Wderstand aufweist, welcher mit einer veränderten Temperatur der Glühstiftkerze 2 einher- geht. Die vierte Teilwiderstandsdifferenz ÄR4 wird im Block 16 zu den zuvor beschriebenen Teilwiderstandsdifferenz ÄR1 , ÄR2 und ÄR3 hinzuaddiert, woraus sich eine Wderstandsdifferenz ÄR ergibt, die einer vorausbestimmten Temperatur entspricht, welche zum Ende des Vorheizvorganges an der Glühstiftkerze 2 auftritt. Die im prädiktiven Modell 8 bestimmte Widerstandsdifferenz ÄR wird im Block 17 zu dem gemessenen Widerstand Rm hinzuaddiert. Diese Summe aus der Wder- standsdifferenz ÄR und dem gemessenen Widerstand Rm wird einer Kennlinie 18 zugeführt, in welcher der Wderstand über der Temperatur aufgetragen ist. Bei dieser Kennlinie 18 handelt es sich um eine individuell, für jede Glühstiftkerze 2 bei einer stationären Temperaturverteilung ermittelte Kennlinie, da Glühstiftkerzen aufgrund von Produktionstoleranzen eine eigenständige Übertragungsfunktion aufweisen. Aus dieser Widerstands-/Temperatur-Kennlinie 18 wird eine Basistemperatur TBAS der Glühstiftkerze 2 ermittelt. Diese Basistemperatur TBAS wird im Block 19 mit einem Wärmeleitungsmodell abgeglichen, bei welchem berücksichtigt wird, inwieweit eine Temperaturdifferenz zwischen dem Inneren des Heizers der Glühstiftkerze 2 und der Oberflächentemperatur der Glühstiftkerze 2 besteht. Dabei wird im Block 19 der Basistemperatur TBAS eine Temperaturdifferenz zugeführt, aus deren Summe sich die Isttemperatur TACT der Glühstiftkerze 2 ergibt. Diese Isttemperatur TACT wird nun in dem Regelzyklus verwendet, wo sie imGlow time / annealing energy E (E = U * I * t) of, the current annealing immediately preceding the annealing process of the glow plug 2 taken into account. From the annealing time / annealing energy E, a fourth partial resistance difference ΔR4 is determined with the aid of a fourth characteristic curve 12. Since, due to the annealing time / annealing energy E of the immediately preceding annealing, the resistance of the glow plug 2 changes when the heat that has built up during the previous annealing process within the glow plug 2 has not yet cooled, the resistance R 0 i is another characteristic 13, which as a result yields a factor F which is multiplied in block 22 by the fourth partial resistance difference ΔR4. The factor F is selected so that when the time measured initial resistance R 0 i is greater than a predetermined threshold value of the Wderstandes R 0 i, that is equal to the first The factor F tends towards the value zero, when the initial resistance R 0 i is smaller than the predetermined threshold value of the resistor R 0 i. This requires that the input variables of the annealing time / annealing energy E with the associated change in the initial resistance R 0 i are only used to determine the resistance difference ER when the glow plug 2 still has a correspondingly high resistance due to a preceding annealing process, which goes along with a changed temperature of the glow plug 2. The fourth partial resistance difference ΔR4 is added in block 16 to the above-described partial resistance difference ΔR1, ΔR2 and ΔR3, resulting in a resistance difference ΔR corresponding to a predetermined temperature occurring at the end of the preheating operation on the glow plug 2. The determined in the predictive model 8 resistance difference ER is added in block 17 to the measured resistance R m . This sum of the difference in resistance ΔR and the measured resistance R m is fed to a characteristic curve 18 in which the heat resistance is plotted against the temperature. This characteristic curve 18 is a characteristic determined individually for each glow plug 2 at a steady-state temperature distribution, since glow plugs have an independent transfer function due to production tolerances. From this resistance / temperature characteristic curve 18, a base temperature TBAS of the glow plug 2 is determined. This base temperature T B AS is adjusted in block 19 with a heat conduction model, which takes into account the extent to which there is a temperature difference between the interior of the heater of the glow plug 2 and the surface temperature of the glow plug 2. In this case, a temperature difference is supplied in block 19 to the base temperature T B AS, from the sum of which the actual temperature T A CT of the glow plug 2 results. This actual temperature T A CT is now used in the control cycle, where it is in the
Block 20 von dem Temperatursollwert TDEs subtrahiert wird. Die Differenz zwischen dem Temperatursollwert TDEs und der Isttemperatur TACT wird einem Regler 21 zugeführt, welcher eine Spannung UGov bestimmt, die der Glühstiftkerze 2, insbesondere dem Heizer der Glühstiftkerze 2, zur schnellen Einstellung des Temperatursollwertes TDEs zugeführt wird. Block 20 is subtracted from the temperature setpoint T DE s. The difference between the temperature setpoint T DE s and the actual temperature T A CT is fed to a controller 21, which determines a voltage U G ov, which is the glow plug 2, in particular the heater of the glow plug 2, for rapid adjustment of the temperature setpoint T DE s supplied ,
Figur 3 zeigt zwei Temperatur-Zeit-Diagramme, bei welchen die gemessene Temperatur Tm einmal ohne prädiktiver Modellierung (Figur 3a) und einmal mit prädiktiver Modellierung (Figur 3b) dargestellt ist. Aus Figur 3a ist ersichtlich, dass die gemessene Temperatur Tm, welche an den Temperatursollwert TDes angepasst werden soll, kurz nach dem Beginn des Glühvorganges einen Temperaturüberschwinger aufweist, welcher erst nach einer Zeit von ungefähr 30 Sekunden sich dem Temperatursollwert TDes annähert. Zum Vergleich dazu ist die mathematisch nach Figur 2 ohne Modell 8 modellierte Temperatur Tmo darge- stellt, welche nach der Vorheizphase, ungefähr nach 5 Sekunden das Niveau desFIG. 3 shows two temperature-time diagrams in which the measured temperature Tm is shown once without predictive modeling (FIG. 3a) and once with predictive modeling (FIG. 3b). It can be seen from FIG. 3a that the measured temperature Tm, which is to be adapted to the temperature setpoint T Des , has a temperature overshoot shortly after the start of the annealing process, which does not approach the temperature setpoint T Des until after a time of approximately 30 seconds. For comparison, the temperature Tmo modeled mathematically according to FIG. 2 without model 8 is shown, which after the preheating phase, approximately after 5 seconds, corresponds to the level of the Tm
Temperatursollwertes TDes erreicht und um diesen geregelt wird. Temperature setpoint T Des is reached and regulated by this.
Im Gegensatz dazu zeigt Figur 3b den Verlauf der gemessenen Temperatur Tm bei der Berücksichtigung der mittels des prädiktiven Temperaturmodells 8 vor- ausschauend bestimmten Widerstandsdifferenz ÄR. Die gemessene TemperaturIn contrast, FIG. 3 b shows the course of the measured temperature T m when taking into account the resistance difference A R determined in advance by means of the predictive temperature model 8. The measured temperature
Tm zeigt keinen Temperaturüberschwinger, sondern nähert sich sofort nach der Vorheizphase der modellierten Temperatur Tm an. Bereits nach ungefähr 4 Sekunden ist mittels dieser Regelung der Temperatursollwert TDes erreicht und wird um diesen geregelt. Aufgrund des prädiktiven Modells 8 ist es möglich, dass eine Temperaturregelung der Glühstiftkerze 2 nicht nur während des stationären Betriebes, bei welchem keine Schwankungen zwischen Widerstand und Temperatur mehr auftreten, sondern auch im instationären Betrieb, vorzugsweise in der schnellen Vorheizphase zu Beginn des Glühvorganges und während der Aufheizphase durch- zuführen. Bei der Temperaturmodellierung der Glühstiftkerze 2 in der schnellenTm shows no temperature overshoot, but approaches immediately after the Preheating phase of the modeled temperature Tm. Already after about 4 seconds, the temperature setpoint T Des is reached by means of this control and is regulated by this. Due to the predictive model 8, it is possible that a temperature control of the glow plug 2 not only during stationary operation, in which no more resistance-temperature fluctuations, but also in transient operation, preferably in the rapid preheating at the beginning of the annealing process and during to carry out the heating phase. When modeling the temperature of the glow plug 2 in the fast
Vorheizphase wird modelliert, wie groß die Widerstandsdifferenz ÄR am Ende des Vorheizvorganges sein wird, wobei diese Widerstandsdifferenz ÄR als Eingangsgröße dem Regelvorgang zugeführt wird. Preheat phase is modeled, how large will be the resistance difference ER at the end of the preheating process, this difference in resistance ER is fed as an input to the control process.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Einstellung einer Temperatur einer Glühstiftkerze, insbesondere zur Zündung eines Kraftfstoff-Luft-Gemisches in einem Verbrennungsmotor, bei welchem die Temperatur (Tm) der Glühstiftkerze (2) in Abhängigkeit eines Widerstandes (Rm) der Glühstiftkerze (2) mittels einer Regelung eingestellt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Temperatur (Tm) in einer Vorheizphase, in welcher eine Überspannung an die Glühstiftkerze (2) angelegt wird, geregelt wird. 1. A method for setting a temperature of a glow plug, in particular for igniting a fuel-air mixture in an internal combustion engine, wherein the temperature (Tm) of the glow plug (2) in response to a resistance (Rm) of the glow plug (2) by means of a scheme is set, characterized in that the temperature (Tm) in a preheat phase, in which an overvoltage is applied to the glow plug (2), is regulated.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Regelung der Temperatur (Tm) der Glühstiftkerze (2) in der Vorheizphase eine Wder- standsdifferenz (ÄR), welche am Ende der Vorheizphase zu einem gemessenen Wderstand (Rm) besteht, mit Hilfe eines physikalischen Modells (8) während der Vorheizphase vorausschauend bestimmt wird. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for regulating the temperature (Tm) of the glow plug (2) in the preheating phase Wderstandsdifferenz (AR), which at the end of the preheating phase to a measured Wderstand (Rm), using a physical model (8) during the preheating phase is determined in advance.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der gemessene Widerstand (Rm) der Glühstiftkerze (2) mit der Wderstandsdifferenz (ÄR) addiert wird und die aus dem gemessenen Wderstand (Rm) und der Wderstandsdifferenz (ÄR) gebildete Summe der Regelung zugeführt wird. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the measured resistance (Rm) of the glow plug (2) with the Wderstandsdifferenz (ÄR) is added and supplied from the measured Wderstand (Rm) and the Wderstandsdifferenz (AR) sum of the control becomes.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Widerstandsdifferenz (ÄR) aus mehreren, insbesondere summierten, Teilwiderstandsdifferenzen (ÄR1 , ÄR2, ÄR3, ÄR4) besteht, wobei jede Teilwiderstandsdifferenz (ÄR1 , ÄR2, ÄR3, ÄR4) in Abhängigkeit mindestens eines Betriebsparameters (R0i , TDes, Tc, E, R02) der Glühstiftkerze (2) bestimmt wird. 4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the resistance difference (ER) consists of several, in particular summed, partial resistance differences (ÄR1, ÄR2, ÄR3, ÄR4), each part resistance difference (ÄR1, ÄR2, ÄR3, ÄR4) depending at least one operating parameter (R 0 i, T Des , T c , E, R 02 ) of the glow plug (2) is determined.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine erste Teilwiderstandsdifferenz (ÄR1) in Abhängigkeit eines Energiegehaltes der Glühstiftkerze (2) bestimmt wird, welchen diese zum Zeitpunkt des Startens des Glühvorganges aufweist. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that a first partial resistance difference (ÄR1) in dependence of an energy content of the glow plug (2) is determined, which it has at the time of starting the annealing process.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Energiegehalt der Glühstiftkerze (2) durch einen Anfangswiderstand (R01), eine Anfangswärmemenge oder eine Anfangsleistung der Glühstiftkerze (2) charakterisiert wird. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that the energy content of the glow plug (2) by an initial resistance (R 01 ), an initial amount of heat or an initial power of the glow plug (2) is characterized.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine zweite Teilwiderstandsdifferenz (ÄR2) in Abhängigkeit eines Temperatursollwertes (TDes) der Glühstiftkerze (2) bestimmt wird, welchen diese am Ende des Glühvorganges aufweist. A method according to claim 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that a second partial resistance difference (ÄR2) in dependence of a temperature setpoint (T Des ) of the glow plug (2) is determined, which it has at the end of the annealing process.
Verfahren nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 4 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine dritte Teilwiderstandsdifferenz (ÄR3) in Abhängigkeit einer Ausgangstemperatur (Tc) der Glühstiftkerze (2) bestimmt wird, welchen diese zum Zeitpunkt des Starts des Glühvorganges aufweist. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims 4 to 7, characterized in that a third partial resistance difference (ΔR3) is determined as a function of an initial temperature (T c ) of the glow plug (2) which it has at the time of starting the annealing process.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ausgangstemperatur (Tc) einer Umgebungstemperatur der Glühstiftkerze (2) zum Zeitpunkt des Startes des Glühvorganges entspricht. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the output temperature (T c ) corresponds to an ambient temperature of the glow plug (2) at the time of starting the annealing process.
Verfahren nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 3 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine vierte Teilwiderstandsdifferenz (ÄR4) in Abhängigkeit eines, dem Start des Glühvorganges unmittelbar vorausgegangenen Glühvorganges der Glühstiftkerze (2) bestimmt wird. Method according to at least one of the preceding Claims 3 to 9, characterized in that a fourth partial resistance difference (ΔR4) is determined as a function of an annealing process of the glow plug (2) which immediately precedes the start of the annealing process.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der unmittelbar vorausgegangene Glühvorgang durch dessen Glühdauer oder Glühenergie (E) charakterisiert wird, wobei insbesondere in Abhängigkeit des Anfangswiderstandes (R0i) der Glühstiftkerze (2) ein Faktor (F) bestimmt wird, welcher mit der vierten Teilwiderstandsdifferenz (ÄR4) multipliziert und zu der Widerstandsdifferenz (ÄR) addiert wird. A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the immediately preceding annealing process by the annealing time or annealing energy (E) is characterized, in particular depending on the initial resistance (R 0 i) of the glow plug (2) a factor (F) is determined, which with of the fourth partial resistance difference (ΔR4) is multiplied and added to the resistance difference (ΔR).
Verfahren nach mindestens einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 2 bis 1 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus einer Kennlinie (18), welche für jede Glühstiftkerze (2) individuell im aufgeheizten, stationären Betrieb der Glüh- stiftkerze (2) bestimmt wird, anhand der Summe aus dem gemessenen Widerstand (Rm) und der Widerstandsdifferenz (ÄR), ein Temperaturistwert (TACT) ermittelt wird, welcher vom Temperatursollwert (TDes) subtrahiert wird, wobei die so ermittelte Temperaturdifferenz der Regelung zugeführt wird, aus welcher eine Ansteuerspannung (UGov) für die Glühstiftkerze (2) ermittelt wird. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims 2 to 1 1, characterized in that from a characteristic curve (18), which for each glow plug (2) individually in the heated, stationary operation of the annealing pin candle (2) is determined based on the sum of the measured resistance (Rm) and the resistance difference (ÄR), a Temperaturistwert (TACT) is determined, which is subtracted from the temperature setpoint (T Des ), wherein the thus determined temperature difference of the control supplied is determined from which a drive voltage (U G ov) for the glow plug (2).
13. Steuergerät zur Einstellung einer Temperatur einer Glühstiftkerze, insbesondere zur Zündung eines Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches in einem Verbrennungsmotor, welches die Temperatur (Tm) der Glühstiftkerze (2) in Abhängigkeit eines Widerstandes (Rm) der Glühstiftkerze (2) mittels einer Regelung einstellt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mittel (8, 21) vorhanden sind, welche die Temperatur (Tm) in einer Vorheizphase, in welcher eine Überspannung an die Glühstiftkerze (2) angelegt ist, regeln. 13. Control unit for adjusting a temperature of a glow plug, in particular for igniting a fuel-air mixture in an internal combustion engine, which adjusts the temperature (Tm) of the glow plug (2) in response to a resistance (Rm) of the glow plug (2) by means of a control , characterized in that means (8, 21) are provided which regulate the temperature (Tm) in a preheating phase in which an overvoltage is applied to the glow plug (2).
EP12704047.5A 2011-02-22 2012-02-09 Method and control device for adjusting a temperature of a glow plug Active EP2678552B1 (en)

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DE102011004514A DE102011004514A1 (en) 2011-02-22 2011-02-22 Method and control unit for setting a temperature of a glow plug
PCT/EP2012/052212 WO2012113653A1 (en) 2011-02-22 2012-02-09 Method and control device for adjusting a temperature of a glow plug

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CN103380293A (en) 2013-10-30
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US20140054279A1 (en) 2014-02-27
EP2678552B1 (en) 2018-04-18

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