EP2677046B1 - Furnace and method for electroslag refining - Google Patents

Furnace and method for electroslag refining Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2677046B1
EP2677046B1 EP13170502.2A EP13170502A EP2677046B1 EP 2677046 B1 EP2677046 B1 EP 2677046B1 EP 13170502 A EP13170502 A EP 13170502A EP 2677046 B1 EP2677046 B1 EP 2677046B1
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Prior art keywords
furnace
electrode
transformer
furnace head
head
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2677046A1 (en
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Rolf Krepel
Ulrich Biebricher
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ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH
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ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a furnace and a process for electroslag remelting (ESU), wherein the furnace comprises a frame, the frame having supports which carry a furnace head, wherein on the furnace head an electrode can be arranged, wherein the electrode in a below the furnace head arranged crucible can be melted, wherein the furnace comprises a transformer which can provide electrical energy for melting the electrode, wherein the transformer is fixedly disposed on the furnace head, wherein the supports are pier shaped and form together with horizontal supports at least one supporting plane of the furnace head ,
  • the advancing movement of the material electrode is performed by a furnace head of the furnace, such that the furnace head, on which the material electrode is held, can be moved in the direction of the crucible.
  • a movable material electrode is also provided in a sliding-block system. Furthermore, the material electrode can be held on a so-called electrode rod, via which the feed movement takes place.
  • the electrical energy needed to melt the material electrodes is provided by one or more transformers that can convert a high line voltage and low current into a low voltage at high current.
  • transformers can be connected in series one behind the other, in which case only the last transformer which is connected to the electrodes provides the electrical energy or the required current intensity for melting the electrode.
  • These transformers are regularly placed firmly in a transformer house remote from the furnace or in a separate space spaced from the frame of the furnace. It is also known to arrange a transformer on a purpose-built frame or a floor of a building, which surrounds the frame of the furnace, so that the transformer is approximated to the frame of the furnace.
  • the transformer has a relatively large weight, which must also be considered when choosing a location for the transformer. In particular, by a specially designed for the transformer room can be taken into account.
  • the transformer which provides the electrical energy for reflowing the electrode, must be connected to the furnace head by a plurality of cables.
  • the cables are in turn connected to the furnace head with a contact means which is connected to the electrode and a bottom plate of the crucible or a generated block so that the electrical energy can be passed through the electrode and the block.
  • the contact device may comprise coaxially arranged rails or tubes relative to the block, which have a comparatively large cross section, so that they do not significantly heat at a passage of the electrical energy. Since the furnace head is moved by a possible movement of the electrode relative to the fixed transformer, the cables between the transformer and the furnace head must be flexible.
  • the water-cooled high-current cables are subject to wear due to the relative movement of the frame and the transformer. Also, the cables, due to the magnetic fields surrounding the cables, can move and beat independently. It is therefore necessary to maintain the cables regularly and if necessary exchange. The same applies to the system required to cool the cables.
  • the DE19839432A1 shows two embodiments of a furnace for electroslag remelting, wherein in the first embodiment, a frame fixed, that is not designed to be adjustable in height.
  • a transformer is arranged laterally next to a furnace head, wherein the transformer is connected via rigid busbars or water-cooled power pipes to the furnace head or a sliding contact for an electrode and a bottom plate of a mold. Section by section, water-cooled power cables are inserted between the water-cooled pipes.
  • the mold is replaced by a laterally horizontal rail.
  • the power tubes and cables are rigidly mounted to the frame such that there is no movement of the transformer relative to the furnace head.
  • the frame of the furnace is formed of pillar-shaped columns and horizontal beams, wherein the horizontal beams each form a supporting plane of the furnace head.
  • the transformer is spatially separated from the furnace head in the vicinity of the furnace head in a manner not shown mounted on a structural element of a building.
  • the second embodiment of a furnace relates to a flexible connection of a transformer, not shown, with a height-adjustable furnace head.
  • an electric slag remelting furnace in which a transformer is placed immediately adjacent a furnace head to a structural element of a structure and connected to the furnace head by means of flexible cables.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a furnace and a process for electroslag remelting, which allows a waiver of high-current cables and improved power management and cost-effective operation.
  • the furnace comprises a frame, the frame having supports supporting a furnace head, wherein an electrode may be disposed on the furnace head, the electrode being fusible in a crucible disposed below the furnace head, wherein the furnace comprises a transformer capable of providing electrical energy for reflowing the electrode, the transformer being fixedly attached to the furnace head.
  • the transformer is defined in particular as a transformer that provides the electrical energy with the appropriate current, which is suitable for melting the electrode.
  • the fixed location of the transformer on the furnace head involves direct placement of the transformer on the furnace head. Consequently, the transformer is located in the immediate vicinity of the electrode and can also follow a possible movement of the furnace head. It is therefore possible to dispense with the use of flexible and thus necessarily water-cooled high-current cables.
  • a power supply to the furnace head is thereby greatly simplified and reduced by the high current cable electrical losses, resulting in an improvement in the efficiency of the furnace by reducing energy consumption. Also, it is no longer necessary to provide a space specially designed for the installation of the transformer. Although initially incurred increased costs for a design of the frame, as this must carry the transformer, but these costs are offset by the abandonment of the high current cable and the reduced operating costs of the furnace. Overall, this means lower investment and operating costs.
  • the supports of the frame are formed pillar-shaped and form at least together with horizontal beams of the frame a support plane of the furnace head.
  • means of the furnace can be formed on the horizontal supports. Consequently, the furnace head itself may be formed by one or more support levels above the crucible.
  • the transformer is fixedly arranged on the supporting plane.
  • the transformer can be arranged on the supporting plane, via which the electrode and the bottom plate of the crucible are supplied with electrical energy. Even with a vertical movement of the electrode relative to the transformer then it no longer requires an insert of flexible cables.
  • a contact device for transmitting the electrical energy to the electrode, an electrode rod and / or the bottom plate of the crucible may be formed on the furnace head, wherein the transformer may be arranged immediately adjacent to the contact device.
  • the contact device may have a sliding contact, via which the electrical energy from the transformer can be introduced directly into the electrode.
  • the bottom plate of the crucible via busbars or pipes with a relatively large cross-section may be firmly connected to the contact device.
  • the transformer may be fixed relative to the contact device.
  • the transformer may be fixed relative to the contact device.
  • the transformer can then be connected to the contact device by means of a rigid busbar device.
  • a rigid busbar device An example of simple busbars with a comparatively large cross-section formed busbar device is particularly easy and inexpensive to produce, in which case a distance of the transformer to the contact device would not even be particularly small.
  • the furnace head may be designed to be stationary for carrying out the process of electro-slag remelting and the crucible may have a base plate movable relative to the furnace head. The electrode could then still be arranged movably on the furnace head.
  • the bottom plate may be formed stationary, and the furnace head may be formed to be horizontally movable relative to the crucible.
  • the crucible may have a stationary bottom plate and the furnace head may be stationary relative to the bottom plate. In a melting of the electrode then the electrode would have to be lowered continuously in the direction of the bottom plate.
  • the electrode may also be movable relative to the furnace head. A relative mobility of the electrode to the furnace head, in particular in the horizontal direction, may always be required when the furnace is equipped with the electrode and this must be introduced, for example, from above into the crucible.
  • the furnace may be an electric slag remelting furnace under vacuum, under inert gas, under an air atmosphere or under pressure.
  • the furnace comprises a frame, wherein the frame has supports which carry a furnace head, wherein an electrode is arranged on the furnace head, wherein the electrode is melted in a crucible arranged below the furnace head is, wherein the electrode by a feed movement of the electrode in the crucible
  • the furnace comprises a transformer which provides electrical energy for melting the electrode, wherein the supports are pier shaped and form together with horizontal supports at least one supporting plane of the furnace head, wherein the transformer is fixedly arranged on the support plane, and wherein the Transformer is moved together with the furnace head.
  • FIG. 10 shows an electroslag remelting (ESU) furnace 10 under inert gas according to the prior art.
  • a frame 11 forms a support plane 12 of a furnace head 13, wherein the support plane 12 and the furnace head 13 is mounted on supports 14.
  • the furnace head 13 comprises a feed drive 15 for an electrode 16 with a spindle 17 and an electrode suspension 18 and an electrode rod 19 which connects the electrode 16 to the electrode suspension 18.
  • a feed drive 15 for an electrode 16 with a spindle 17 and an electrode suspension 18 and an electrode rod 19 which connects the electrode 16 to the electrode suspension 18.
  • two accessible platforms 20 and 21 two accessible platforms 20 and 21.
  • a crucible 22 is arranged, in which an ingot 23 and a molten bath 24 are already located.
  • a bottom plate 25 of the crucible 22 is stationary, that is, fixedly arranged on a foundation 26.
  • a protective gas chamber 27 is formed above the crucible 22, which allows melting of the electrode 16 under inert gas.
  • a transformer 29 for providing electrical energy is arranged, which is connected via a passage opening 30 in a wall 31 with a mounting space 32 for the frame 11.
  • the transformer 29 is connected by means of water-cooled high-current cable 33 via a contact device 34 with the electrode 16 and the crucible 22.
  • busbars 35 are arranged coaxially thereto. Further, located on the electrode rod 19, a sliding contact 36 of the contact device 34 for transmitting the electrical energy to the electrode 16.
  • a lowering of the electrode 16 in the crucible 22 is now at least partially effected by lowering the electrode suspension 18, so that the electrode 16 relative to Transformer 29 is moved.
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of an electroslag remelting furnace (ESU) 37 according to the invention.
  • ESU electroslag remelting furnace
  • the furnace 37 corresponds in its essential structure to that in the Fig. 1 above-described oven.
  • a supporting plane 40 is formed on a frame 38 of the furnace 37 above supports 39.
  • a transformer 42 is arranged directly and via rigid busbars 43 with a comparatively large cross-section with a contact device 44th connected, which in turn is connected to the electrode and the crucible, not shown here.
  • the known from the prior art high-current cable can thus be replaced inexpensively by simply trained busbars 43. This is possible only by the arrangement of the transformer 42 on the furnace head 41.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Ofen und ein Verfahren zum Elektroschlackeumschmelzen (ESU), wobei der Ofen ein Gestell umfasst, wobei das Gestell Stützen aufweist, die einen Ofenkopf tragen, wobei an dem Ofenkopf eine Elektrode angeordnet werden kann, wobei die Elektrode in einem unterhalb des Ofenkopfes angeordneten Tiegel aufgeschmolzen werden kann, wobei der Ofen einen Transformator umfasst, der elektrische Energie zum Aufschmelzen der Elektrode bereitstellen kann, wobei der Transformator an dem Ofenkopf fest angeordnet ist, wobei die Stützen pfeilerförmig ausgebildet sind und zusammen mit horizontalen Trägern zumindest eine Tragebene des Ofenkopfs ausbilden.The invention relates to a furnace and a process for electroslag remelting (ESU), wherein the furnace comprises a frame, the frame having supports which carry a furnace head, wherein on the furnace head an electrode can be arranged, wherein the electrode in a below the furnace head arranged crucible can be melted, wherein the furnace comprises a transformer which can provide electrical energy for melting the electrode, wherein the transformer is fixedly disposed on the furnace head, wherein the supports are pier shaped and form together with horizontal supports at least one supporting plane of the furnace head ,

Im sogenannten Elektroschlackeumschmelzverfahren werden Materialelektroden zur Herstellung von Materialblöcken umgeschmolzen, wobei letztere als Halbzeug zur Herstellung von Bauteilen hoher Werkstoffgüte. Hinsichtlich der dabei zum Einsatz kommenden Anlagen bzw. Verfahren unterscheidet man zwischen sogenannten Gleittiegelanlagen, bei denen die Tiegel, in denen die durch Abbrand der Elektroden erzeugten Blöcke erstarren, mit einem verfahrbaren Tiegelboden versehen sind, um derartige Blöcke quasi als kontinuierlichen Strang herzustellen. Bei dem sogenannten Standtiegelverfahren erfolgt das Umschmelzen der Materialelektrode in einem in seiner Längenabmessung festgelegten Block, wobei der dabei zum Einsatz kommende Tiegel mit einem festen Tiegelboden versehen ist. Die Materialelektrode wird dann kontinuierlich dem Tiegel durch eine Vorschubbewegung zugeführt. Die Vorschubbewegung der Materialelektrode wird durch einen Ofenkopf des Ofens ausgeführt, derart, dass der Ofenkopf, an dem die Materialelektrode gehaltert ist, in Richtung des Tiegels bewegt werden kann. Regelmäßig ist auch bei einer Gleittiegelanlage eine bewegbare Materialelektrode vorgesehen. Weiter kann die Materialelektrode an einer sogenannten Elektrodenstange gehaltert sein, über die die Vorschubbewegung erfolgt.In the so-called electroslag remelting process, material electrodes are remelted for the production of blocks of material, the latter being used as semifinished product for producing components of high material quality. With regard to the systems or methods used, a distinction is made between so-called sliding-block systems, in which the crucibles, in which the blocks produced by the burning of the electrodes solidify, are provided with a moveable crucible bottom, to produce such blocks quasi as a continuous strand. In the so-called vertical crucible method, the remelting of the material electrode takes place in a block determined in its length dimension, the crucible used for this being provided with a solid crucible bottom. The material electrode is then fed continuously to the crucible by a feed movement. The advancing movement of the material electrode is performed by a furnace head of the furnace, such that the furnace head, on which the material electrode is held, can be moved in the direction of the crucible. Regularly, a movable material electrode is also provided in a sliding-block system. Furthermore, the material electrode can be held on a so-called electrode rod, via which the feed movement takes place.

Die zum Aufschmelzen der Materialelektroden benötigte elektrische Energie wird von einem oder mehreren Transformatoren zur Verfügung gestellt, die eine hohe Netzspannung und niedrige Stromstärke in eine niedrige Spannung bei hoher Stromstärke umwandeln können. Insbesondere können dazu mehrere Transformatoren hintereinander in Reihe geschaltet sein, wobei dann nur der letzte Transformator, der mit den Elektroden verbunden ist, die elektrische Energie bzw. die erforderliche Stromstärke zum Aufschmelzen der Elektrode bereitstellt. Diese Transformatoren sind regelmäßig in einem vom Ofen entfernten Transformatorenhaus oder in einem vom Gestell des Ofens beabstandeten, separaten Raum fest aufgestellt. Auch ist es bekannt, einen Transformator auf einem eigens dafür ausgebildeten Gestell oder einem Stockwerk eines Gebäudes, welches das Gestell des Ofens umgibt, so anzuordnen, dass der Transformator dem Gestell des Ofens angenähert ist. Weiter hat der Transformator ein vergleichsweise großes Gewicht, was ebenfalls bei der Wahl eines Aufstellortes für den Transformator berücksichtigt werden muss. Insbesondere durch einen eigens für den Transformator ausgebildeten Raum kann dem Rechnung getragen werden.The electrical energy needed to melt the material electrodes is provided by one or more transformers that can convert a high line voltage and low current into a low voltage at high current. In particular, several transformers can be connected in series one behind the other, in which case only the last transformer which is connected to the electrodes provides the electrical energy or the required current intensity for melting the electrode. These transformers are regularly placed firmly in a transformer house remote from the furnace or in a separate space spaced from the frame of the furnace. It is also known to arrange a transformer on a purpose-built frame or a floor of a building, which surrounds the frame of the furnace, so that the transformer is approximated to the frame of the furnace. Next, the transformer has a relatively large weight, which must also be considered when choosing a location for the transformer. In particular, by a specially designed for the transformer room can be taken into account.

Weiter muss der Transformator, der die elektrische Energie zum Aufschmelzen der Elektrode zur Verfügung stellt, mit einer Mehrzahl von Kabeln mit dem Ofenkopf verbunden sein. Die Kabel sind am Ofenkopf wiederum mit einer Kontakteinrichtung verbunden, welche so mit der Elektrode und einer Bodenplatte des Tiegels bzw. eines erzeugten Blocks verbunden ist, dass die elektrische Energie durch die Elektrode und den Block geleitet werden kann. Die Kontakteinrichtung kann dabei relativ zum Block koaxial angeordnete Schienen oder Rohre umfassen, die einen vergleichsweise großen Querschnitt aufweisen, sodass diese sich bei einer Durchleitung der elektrischen Energie nicht wesentlich erhitzen. Da der Ofenkopf durch eine mögliche Bewegung der Elektrode relativ zum fest installierten Transformator bewegt wird, müssen die Kabel zwischen Transformator und Ofenkopf flexibel ausgebildet sein. Insbesondere erfolgt eine horizontale Bewegung der Kabel bei einem Wechsel der Elektrode durch ein horizontales Verschwenken des Ofenkopfes bzw. der Elektrode relativ zum Tiegel und auch eine vertikale Bewegung ist in diesem Zusammenhang möglich. Insbesondere bei der beschriebenen, horizontalen Bewegung werden die Kabel in sich verdreht. Die Kabel weisen daher einen vergleichsweise kleinen Querschnitt auf, wodurch sich die Kabel bei einem Betrieb des Ofens stark erhitzen. Es wird daher eine Mehrzahl von Kabeln verwendet, die jeweils mit einer Ummantelung ausgestattet sind, die von Kühlwasser durchströmt wird. Derartige, wassergekühlte Hochstromkabel weisen neben hohen Beschaffungskosten eine Reihe von Nachteilen auf. So sind die elektrischen Verluste durch die Verwendung der flexiblen Hochstromkabel erhöht, was einen Wirkungsgrad des Ofens infolge des erhöhten Energieverbrauchs verschlechtert. Weiter unterliegen die wassergekühlten Hochstromkabel durch die Relativbewegung von Gestell und Transformator einem Verschleiß. Auch können die Kabel, bedingt durch die Kabel umgebende magnetische Felder, sich selbständig bewegen und aneinander schlagen. Es ist daher erforderlich, die Kabel regelmäßig zu warten und gegebenenfalls auszutauschen. Gleiches gilt für die zur Kühlung der Kabel benötigte Anlage.Further, the transformer, which provides the electrical energy for reflowing the electrode, must be connected to the furnace head by a plurality of cables. The cables are in turn connected to the furnace head with a contact means which is connected to the electrode and a bottom plate of the crucible or a generated block so that the electrical energy can be passed through the electrode and the block. The contact device may comprise coaxially arranged rails or tubes relative to the block, which have a comparatively large cross section, so that they do not significantly heat at a passage of the electrical energy. Since the furnace head is moved by a possible movement of the electrode relative to the fixed transformer, the cables between the transformer and the furnace head must be flexible. In particular, a horizontal movement of the cable in a change of the electrode by a horizontal pivoting of the furnace head or the electrode relative to the crucible and also a vertical movement is possible in this context. In particular, in the described, horizontal movement, the cables are twisted in itself. The cables therefore have a comparatively small cross-section, as a result of which the cables heat up considerably during operation of the furnace. It is therefore used a plurality of cables, each equipped with a jacket, which is flowed through by cooling water. Such water-cooled high-current cables have a number of disadvantages in addition to high procurement costs. Thus, the electrical losses are increased by the use of the flexible high-current cables, which deteriorates the efficiency of the furnace due to the increased energy consumption. Furthermore, the water-cooled high-current cables are subject to wear due to the relative movement of the frame and the transformer. Also, the cables, due to the magnetic fields surrounding the cables, can move and beat independently. It is therefore necessary to maintain the cables regularly and if necessary exchange. The same applies to the system required to cool the cables.

Die DE19839432A1 zeigt zwei Ausführungsformen eines Ofens zum Elektroschlackeumschmelzen, wobei bei der ersten Ausführungsform ein Gestell fest, d.h. nicht in der Höhe verstellbar ausgebildet ist. Ein Transformator ist seitlich neben einem Ofenkopf angeordnet, wobei der Transformator über starre Stromschienen bzw. wassergekühlte Stromrohre mit dem Ofenkopf bzw. einem Schleifkontakt für eine Elektrode und einer Bodenplatte einer Kokille verbunden ist. Abschnittsweise sind zwischen den wassergekühlten Stromrohren wassergekühlte Stromkabel eingesetzt. Ein Auswechseln der Kokille erfolgt über eine seitlich horizontal verlaufende Schiene. Die Stromrohre und Kabel sind an dem Gestell starr angeordnet, derart, dass hier keine Bewegung des Transformators relativ zum Ofenkopf erfolgt. Das Gestell des Ofens ist aus pfeilerförmigen Stützen sowie horizontalen Trägern gebildet, wobei die horizontalen Träger je eine Tragebene des Ofenkopfes ausbilden. Der Transformator ist räumlich getrennt vom Ofenkopf in der Nähe des Ofenkopfs in einer nicht näher dargestellten Weise an einem Bauelement eines Bauwerks gehaltert. Die zweite Ausführungsform eines Ofens betrifft eine flexible Verbindung eines nicht gezeigten Transformators mit einem in einer Höhe verstellbaren Ofenkopf.The DE19839432A1 shows two embodiments of a furnace for electroslag remelting, wherein in the first embodiment, a frame fixed, that is not designed to be adjustable in height. A transformer is arranged laterally next to a furnace head, wherein the transformer is connected via rigid busbars or water-cooled power pipes to the furnace head or a sliding contact for an electrode and a bottom plate of a mold. Section by section, water-cooled power cables are inserted between the water-cooled pipes. The mold is replaced by a laterally horizontal rail. The power tubes and cables are rigidly mounted to the frame such that there is no movement of the transformer relative to the furnace head. The frame of the furnace is formed of pillar-shaped columns and horizontal beams, wherein the horizontal beams each form a supporting plane of the furnace head. The transformer is spatially separated from the furnace head in the vicinity of the furnace head in a manner not shown mounted on a structural element of a building. The second embodiment of a furnace relates to a flexible connection of a transformer, not shown, with a height-adjustable furnace head.

Aus der US4,951,298 ist ein Ofen zum Elektroschlackeumschmelzen bekannt, bei dem ein Transformator unmittelbar benachbart einem Ofenkopf an einem Bauelement eines Bauwerks aufgestellt und mittels flexibler Kabel mit dem Ofenkopf verbunden ist.From the US4,951,298 For example, an electric slag remelting furnace is known in which a transformer is placed immediately adjacent a furnace head to a structural element of a structure and connected to the furnace head by means of flexible cables.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Ofen sowie ein Verfahren zum Elektroschlackeumschmelzen vorzuschlagen, der bzw. das einen Verzicht auf Hochstromkabel sowie eine verbesserte Stromführung und einen kostengünstigen Betrieb ermöglicht.The present invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a furnace and a process for electroslag remelting, which allows a waiver of high-current cables and improved power management and cost-effective operation.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Ofen mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 9 gelöst.This object is achieved by a furnace having the features of claim 1 and a method having the features of claim 9.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Ofen zum Elektroschlackeumschmelzen (ESU) umfasst der Ofen ein Gestell, wobei das Gestell Stützen aufweist, die einen Ofenkopf tragen, wobei an dem Ofenkopf eine Elektrode angeordnet werden kann, wobei die Elektrode in einem unterhalb des Ofenkopfs angeordneten Tiegel aufgeschmolzen werden kann, wobei der Ofen einen Transformator umfasst, der elektrische Energie zum Aufschmelzen der Elektrode bereitstellen kann, wobei der Transformator an dem Ofenkopf fest angeordnet ist.In the electroslag remelting (ESR) furnace of the present invention, the furnace comprises a frame, the frame having supports supporting a furnace head, wherein an electrode may be disposed on the furnace head, the electrode being fusible in a crucible disposed below the furnace head, wherein the furnace comprises a transformer capable of providing electrical energy for reflowing the electrode, the transformer being fixedly attached to the furnace head.

Der Transformator ist dabei insbesondere als ein Transformator definiert, der die elektrische Energie mit der entsprechenden Stromstärke bereitstellt, die zum Aufschmelzen der Elektrode geeignet ist. Die feste Anordnung des Transformators am Ofenkopf schließt eine unmittelbare Anordnung des Transformators an dem Ofenkopf mit ein. Folglich ist der Transformator in unmittelbarer Nähe der Elektrode angeordnet und kann auch einer möglichen Bewegung des Ofenkopfs folgen. Auf eine Verwendung flexibler und dadurch notwendigerweise wassergekühlter Hochstromkabel kann daher verzichtet werden. Eine Stromzuführung an den Ofenkopf wird dadurch erheblich vereinfacht und die durch die Hochstromkabel bedingten elektrischen Verluste verringert, was eine Verbesserung des Wirkungsgrades des Ofens durch eine Verringerung des Energieverbrauchs zur Folge hat. Auch ist es nicht mehr notwendig, einen eigens zur Aufstellung des Transformators ausgebildeten Raum zur Verfügung zu stellen. Zwar entstehen zunächst erhöhte Kosten für eine Ausbildung des Gestells, da dieses den Transformator tragen muss, jedoch werden diese Kosten durch den Verzicht auf die Hochstromkabel und die verringerten Betriebskosten des Ofens aufgehoben. Insgesamt fallen so geringere Investitions- und Betriebskosten an.The transformer is defined in particular as a transformer that provides the electrical energy with the appropriate current, which is suitable for melting the electrode. The fixed location of the transformer on the furnace head involves direct placement of the transformer on the furnace head. Consequently, the transformer is located in the immediate vicinity of the electrode and can also follow a possible movement of the furnace head. It is therefore possible to dispense with the use of flexible and thus necessarily water-cooled high-current cables. A power supply to the furnace head is thereby greatly simplified and reduced by the high current cable electrical losses, resulting in an improvement in the efficiency of the furnace by reducing energy consumption. Also, it is no longer necessary to provide a space specially designed for the installation of the transformer. Although initially incurred increased costs for a design of the frame, as this must carry the transformer, but these costs are offset by the abandonment of the high current cable and the reduced operating costs of the furnace. Overall, this means lower investment and operating costs.

Erfindungsgemäß sind die Stützen des Gestells pfeilerförmig ausgebildet und bilden zusammen mit horizontalen Trägern des Gestells zumindest eine Tragebene des Ofenkopfs aus. So wird es möglich, eine oder mehrere Tragebenen mittels horizontaler Träger auszubilden, die jeweils in Art eines Geschosses von Servicepersonal begangen werden können. Weiter können an den horizontalen Trägern Einrichtungen des Ofens ausgebildet sein. Folglich kann der Ofenkopf selbst durch eine oder mehrere Tragebenen oberhalb des Tiegels ausgebildet sein.According to the supports of the frame are formed pillar-shaped and form at least together with horizontal beams of the frame a support plane of the furnace head. Thus, it is possible to form one or more support levels by means of horizontal support, each of which can be committed in the manner of a projectile of service personnel. Further, means of the furnace can be formed on the horizontal supports. Consequently, the furnace head itself may be formed by one or more support levels above the crucible.

Erfindungsgemäß ist der Transformator auf der Tragebene fest angeordnet. Bevorzugt kann der Transformator auf der Tragebene angeordnet sein, über die die Elektrode und die Bodenplatte des Tiegels mit elektrischer Energie versorgt werden. Selbst bei einer vertikalen Bewegung der Elektrode relativ zum Transformator bedarf es dann nicht mehr eines Einsatzes von flexiblen Kabeln.According to the invention, the transformer is fixedly arranged on the supporting plane. Preferably, the transformer can be arranged on the supporting plane, via which the electrode and the bottom plate of the crucible are supplied with electrical energy. Even with a vertical movement of the electrode relative to the transformer then it no longer requires an insert of flexible cables.

Vielmehr kann an dem Ofenkopf eine Kontakteinrichtung zur Übertragung der elektrischen Energie auf die Elektrode, eine Elektrodenstange und/oder die Bodenplatte des Tiegels ausgebildet sein, wobei der Transformator unmittelbar benachbart der Kontakteinrichtung angeordnet sein kann. Die Kontakteinrichtung kann über einen Schleifkontakt verfügen, über den die elektrische Energie von dem Transformator direkt in die Elektrode eingeleitet werden kann. Alternativ ist es auch möglich, eine Elektrodenstange, mit der die Elektrode am Gestell gehaltert sein kann, mit der Kontakteinrichtung zu verbinden. Weiter kann die Bodenplatte des Tiegels über Stromschienen oder Rohre mit vergleichsweise großem Querschnitt mit der Kontakteinrichtung fest verbunden sein.Rather, a contact device for transmitting the electrical energy to the electrode, an electrode rod and / or the bottom plate of the crucible may be formed on the furnace head, wherein the transformer may be arranged immediately adjacent to the contact device. The contact device may have a sliding contact, via which the electrical energy from the transformer can be introduced directly into the electrode. Alternatively, it is also possible to connect an electrode rod with which the electrode can be held on the frame to the contact device. Further, the bottom plate of the crucible via busbars or pipes with a relatively large cross-section may be firmly connected to the contact device.

Auch kann der Transformator relativ zur Kontakteinrichtung fest angeordnet sein. Somit kann auf eine Ausbildung technisch aufwändiger Stromführungseinrichtungen zwischen Transformator und Kontakteinrichtung verzichtet werden.Also, the transformer may be fixed relative to the contact device. Thus, it is possible to dispense with the development of technically complex current-carrying devices between transformer and contact device.

Der Transformator kann dann mittels einer starren Stromschieneneinrichtung mit der Kontakteinrichtung verbunden sein. Eine beispielsweise aus einfachen Stromschienen mit vergleichsweise großem Querschnitt gebildete Stromschieneneinrichtung ist besonders leicht und kostengünstig herstellbar, wobei dann ein Abstand des Transformators zur Kontakteinrichtung noch nicht einmal besonders klein sein müsste.The transformer can then be connected to the contact device by means of a rigid busbar device. An example of simple busbars with a comparatively large cross-section formed busbar device is particularly easy and inexpensive to produce, in which case a distance of the transformer to the contact device would not even be particularly small.

In einer Ausführungsform des Ofens kann der Ofenkopf zur Durchführung des Verfahrens des Elektroschlackeumschmelzens stationär ausgebildet sein und der Tiegel eine relativ zum Ofenkopf bewegbare Bodenplatte aufweisen. Die Elektrode könnte dann dennoch bewegbar am Ofenkopf angeordnet sein.In one embodiment of the furnace, the furnace head may be designed to be stationary for carrying out the process of electro-slag remelting and the crucible may have a base plate movable relative to the furnace head. The electrode could then still be arranged movably on the furnace head.

Dem gegenüber kann die Bodenplatte stationär ausgebildet sein, und der Ofenkopf kann relativ zum Tiegel horizontal bewegbar ausgebildet sein.On the other hand, the bottom plate may be formed stationary, and the furnace head may be formed to be horizontally movable relative to the crucible.

Alternativ kann der Tiegel eine stationäre Bodenplatte aufweisen und der Ofenkopf relativ zur Bodenplatte stationär ausgebildet sein. Bei einem Abschmelzen der Elektrode müsste dann die Elektrode kontinuierlich in Richtung der Bodenplatte abgesenkt werden. Dies schließt jedoch nicht aus, dass die Elektrode auch relativ zum Ofenkopf bewegbar sein kann. Eine relative Beweglichkeit der Elektrode zum Ofenkopf, insbesondere in horizontaler Richtung, kann immer dann erforderlich sein, wenn der Ofen mit der Elektrode bestückt wird und diese beispielsweise von oben in den Tiegel eingeführt werden muss.Alternatively, the crucible may have a stationary bottom plate and the furnace head may be stationary relative to the bottom plate. In a melting of the electrode then the electrode would have to be lowered continuously in the direction of the bottom plate. However, this does not exclude that the electrode may also be movable relative to the furnace head. A relative mobility of the electrode to the furnace head, in particular in the horizontal direction, may always be required when the furnace is equipped with the electrode and this must be introduced, for example, from above into the crucible.

Der Ofen kann ein Ofen zum Elektroschlackeumschmelzen unter Vakuum, unter Inertgas, unter Luftatmosphäre oder unter Druck sein. So wird es möglich, die vorteilhafte Anordnung des Transformators für verschiedene Öfen zum Elektroschlackeumschmelzen zu verwenden.The furnace may be an electric slag remelting furnace under vacuum, under inert gas, under an air atmosphere or under pressure. Thus, it becomes possible to use the advantageous arrangement of the transformer for various furnaces for electroslag remelting.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Elektroschlackeumschmelzen (ESU) mit einem Ofen, umfasst der Ofen ein Gestell, wobei das Gestell Stützen aufweist, die einen Ofenkopf tragen, wobei an dem Ofenkopf eine Elektrode angeordnet wird, wobei die Elektrode in einem unterhalb des Ofenkopfes angeordneten Tiegel aufgeschmolzen wird, wobei die Elektrode durch eine Vorschubbewegung der Elektrode in den Tiegel aufgeschmolzen wird, wobei der Ofen einen Transformator umfasst, der elektrische Energie zum Aufschmelzen der Elektrode bereitstellt, wobei die Stützen pfeilerförmig ausgebildet sind und zusammen mit horizontalen Trägern zumindest eine Tragebene des Ofenkopfs ausbilden, wobei der Transformator auf der Tragebene fest angeordnet ist, und wobei der Transformator zusammen mit dem Ofenkopf bewegt wird.In the inventive method for electroslag remelting (ESR) with a furnace, the furnace comprises a frame, wherein the frame has supports which carry a furnace head, wherein an electrode is arranged on the furnace head, wherein the electrode is melted in a crucible arranged below the furnace head is, wherein the electrode by a feed movement of the electrode in the crucible wherein the furnace comprises a transformer which provides electrical energy for melting the electrode, wherein the supports are pier shaped and form together with horizontal supports at least one supporting plane of the furnace head, wherein the transformer is fixedly arranged on the support plane, and wherein the Transformer is moved together with the furnace head.

Insbesondere dadurch, dass der Transformator zusammen mit dem Ofenkopf bewegt wird, ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass auf flexible Hochstromkabel verzichtet werden kann. Zu den sich daraus ergebenden Vorteilen wird auf die vorangegangene Beschreibung des erfindungsgemäßen Ofens verwiesen.In particular, the fact that the transformer is moved together with the furnace head, there is the advantage that can be dispensed with flexible high-current cable. For the resulting advantages, reference is made to the preceding description of the furnace according to the invention.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen des Verfahrens ergeben sich aus den Merkmalsbeschreibungen der auf den Vorrichtungsanspruch 1 rückbezogenen Unteransprüche.Further advantageous embodiments of the method will become apparent from the feature descriptions of the dependent claims back to the device claim 1.

Nachfolgend wird eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügte Zeichnung näher erläutert.Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1:
ein Ofen zum Elektroschlackeumschmelzen in einer Seitenansicht nach dem Stand der Technik;
Fig. 2:
ein Ofen zum Elektroschlackeumschmelzen in einer Seitenansicht nach einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung.
Show it:
Fig. 1 :
an electric slag remelting furnace in a side view of the prior art;
Fig. 2 :
an electric slag remelting furnace in a side view according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Ofen 10 zum Elektroschlackeumschmelzen (ESU) unter Inertgas nach dem Stand der Technik. Ein Gestell 11 bildet eine Tragebene 12 eines Ofenkopfs 13 aus, wobei die Tragebene 12 bzw. der Ofenkopf 13 auf Stützen 14 gelagert ist. Der Ofenkopf 13 umfasst einen Vorschubantrieb 15 für eine Elektrode 16 mit einer Spindel 17 und einer Elektrodenaufhängung 18 sowie eine Elektrodenstange 19, die die Elektrode 16 mit der Elektrodenaufhängung 18 verbindet. Weiter werden durch das Gestell 11 zwei begehbare Plattformen 20 und 21 ausgebildet. Unterhalb des Ofenkopfs 13 ist ein Tiegel 22 angeordnet, in dem sich bereits ein Ingot 23 und ein Schmelzbad 24 befinden. Eine Bodenplatte 25 des Tiegels 22 ist stationär, das heißt fest auf einem Fundament 26 angeordnet. Weiter ist oberhalb des Tiegels 22 eine Schutzgaskammer 27 ausgebildet, die ein Aufschmelzen der Elektrode 16 unter Schutzgas ermöglicht. In einem hier nur abschnittsweise dargestellten separaten Raum 28 ist ein Transformator 29 zur Bereitstellung elektrischer Energie angeordnet, der über eine Durchgangsöffnung 30 in einer Wand 31 mit einem Aufstellraum 32 für das Gestell 11 verbunden ist. Insbesondere ist der Transformator 29 mittels wassergekühlter Hochstromkabel 33 über eine Kontakteinrichtung 34 mit der Elektrode 16 und dem Tiegel 22 verbunden. An dem Tiegel 22 sind hierzu Stromschienen 35 koaxial angeordnet. Weiter befindet sich an der Elektrodenstange 19 ein Schleifkontakt 36 der Kontakteinrichtung 34 zur Übertragung der elektrischen Energie auf die Elektrode 16. Ein Absenken der Elektrode 16 in den Tiegel 22 wird nun zumindest teilweise durch ein Absenken der Elektrodenaufhängung 18 bewirkt, sodass die Elektrode 16 relativ zum Transformator 29 bewegt wird. Für eine Bestückung des Ofenkopfes 13 mit einer neuen Elektrode 16 ist es erforderlich das Gestell 11 relativ zum Transformator 29 horizontal zu verschwenken. Dies erfolgt durch eine Drehung um eine der Stützen 14, wodurch die Hochstromkabel 33 ebenfalls verdreht werden. Fig. 1 FIG. 10 shows an electroslag remelting (ESU) furnace 10 under inert gas according to the prior art. A frame 11 forms a support plane 12 of a furnace head 13, wherein the support plane 12 and the furnace head 13 is mounted on supports 14. The furnace head 13 comprises a feed drive 15 for an electrode 16 with a spindle 17 and an electrode suspension 18 and an electrode rod 19 which connects the electrode 16 to the electrode suspension 18. Continue to be formed by the frame 11, two accessible platforms 20 and 21. Below the furnace head 13, a crucible 22 is arranged, in which an ingot 23 and a molten bath 24 are already located. A bottom plate 25 of the crucible 22 is stationary, that is, fixedly arranged on a foundation 26. Next, a protective gas chamber 27 is formed above the crucible 22, which allows melting of the electrode 16 under inert gas. In a separate space 28 shown here only in sections, a transformer 29 for providing electrical energy is arranged, which is connected via a passage opening 30 in a wall 31 with a mounting space 32 for the frame 11. In particular, the transformer 29 is connected by means of water-cooled high-current cable 33 via a contact device 34 with the electrode 16 and the crucible 22. On the crucible 22 busbars 35 are arranged coaxially thereto. Further, located on the electrode rod 19, a sliding contact 36 of the contact device 34 for transmitting the electrical energy to the electrode 16. A lowering of the electrode 16 in the crucible 22 is now at least partially effected by lowering the electrode suspension 18, so that the electrode 16 relative to Transformer 29 is moved. For fitting the furnace head 13 with a new electrode 16, it is necessary to pivot the frame 11 horizontally relative to the transformer 29. This is done by a rotation about one of the supports 14, whereby the high-current cable 33 are also rotated.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Ausführungsform eines Ofens 37 zum Elektroschlackeumschmelzen (ESU) nach der Erfindung. Insbesondere ist hier jedoch weder ein Tiegel noch eine Elektrode dargestellt. Der Ofen 37 entspricht in seinem wesentlichen Aufbau dem in der Fig. 1 vorbeschriebenen Ofen. Im Unterschied dazu ist an einem Gestell 38 des Ofens 37 oberhalb von Stützen 39 eine Tragebene 40 ausgebildet. Auf der Tragebene 40 und damit an einem Ofenkopf 41 des Ofens 37 ist ein Transformator 42 unmittelbar angeordnet und über starre Stromschienen 43 mit einem vergleichsweise großen Querschnitt mit einer Kontakteinrichtung 44 verbunden, die wiederum mit der hier nicht gezeigten Elektrode und dem Tiegel verbunden ist. Die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Hochstromkabel können somit durch einfach ausgebildete Stromschienen 43 kostengünstig ersetzt werden. Dies wird allein durch die Anordnung des Transformators 42 am Ofenkopf 41 möglich. Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of an electroslag remelting furnace (ESU) 37 according to the invention. In particular, however, neither a crucible nor an electrode is shown here. The furnace 37 corresponds in its essential structure to that in the Fig. 1 above-described oven. In contrast, a supporting plane 40 is formed on a frame 38 of the furnace 37 above supports 39. On the supporting plane 40 and thus on a furnace head 41 of the furnace 37, a transformer 42 is arranged directly and via rigid busbars 43 with a comparatively large cross-section with a contact device 44th connected, which in turn is connected to the electrode and the crucible, not shown here. The known from the prior art high-current cable can thus be replaced inexpensively by simply trained busbars 43. This is possible only by the arrangement of the transformer 42 on the furnace head 41.

Claims (9)

  1. A furnace (37) for electroslag remelting, wherein the furnace comprises a base frame (38), wherein the base frame comprises supports (39) which bear a furnace head (41), wherein at the furnace head, an electrode can be disposed, wherein the electrode can be melted on in a crucible disposed below the furnace head, wherein the furnace comprises a transformer (42) which can supply electric power for melting on the electrode, wherein the transformer is fixedly disposed at the furnace head, wherein the supports are formed column-shaped and form at least one bearing plane (40) of the furnace head (41) together with horizontal bearings,
    characterized in that
    the transformer is fixedly disposed on the bearing plane (40).
  2. The furnace according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    at the furnace head (41), a contact device (44) for transmitting the electric power to the electrode, an electrode rod and/or a bottom plate of the crucible is formed, wherein the transformer (42) is disposed directly adjacent to the contact device.
  3. The furnace according to claim 2,
    characterized in that
    the transformer (42) is fixedly disposed relative to the contact device (44).
  4. The furnace according to claim 2 or 3,
    characterized in that
    the transformer (42) is connected to the contact device (44) by means of a rigid busbar device (43).
  5. The furnace according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the furnace head is formed stationary, and the crucible has a bottom plate which is movable relative to the furnace head.
  6. The furnace according to one of the claims 1 to 4,
    characterized in that
    the bottom plate is formed stationary, and the furnace head (41) is formed horizontally movable relative to the crucible.
  7. The furnace according to any one of the claims 1 to 4,
    characterized in that
    the crucible has a stationary bottom plate, and the furnace head is formed stationary relative to the bottom plate.
  8. The furnace according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the furnace (37) is configured for electroslag remelting under vacuum, under inert gas, under air atmosphere or under pressure.
  9. A method for electroslag remelting with a furnace (37), wherein the furnace comprises a base frame (38), wherein the base frame comprises supports (39) which bear a furnace head (41), wherein at the furnace head, an electrode is disposed, wherein the electrode is melted on in a crucible disposed below the furnace head, wherein the electrode is melted on into the crucible by means of a feed movement of the electrode, wherein the furnace comprises a transformer (42), wherein the transformer is fixedly disposed at the furnace head which supplies electric power for melting on the electrode, wherein the supports are formed column-shaped and form at least one bearing plane (40) of the furnace head (41) together with horizontal bearings,
    characterized in that
    the transformer is fixedly disposed on the bearing plane, and wherein the transformer is moved together with the furnace head.
EP13170502.2A 2012-06-19 2013-06-04 Furnace and method for electroslag refining Active EP2677046B1 (en)

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US10215494B2 (en) 2014-11-05 2019-02-26 Daido Steel Co., Ltd. Method of operating electric arc furnace
US9903653B2 (en) * 2014-11-05 2018-02-27 Daido Steel Co., Ltd. Melting furnace
US10234206B2 (en) 2014-11-05 2019-03-19 Daido Steel Co., Ltd. Electric arc furnace
SI3417081T1 (en) * 2016-02-16 2021-08-31 Uddeholms Ab A mould for the manufacturing of mould steels in an electro slag remelting process

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GB1328178A (en) * 1970-09-11 1973-08-30 Inst Elektroswarki Patona Plant for the electroslag remelting of metal
US4280550A (en) * 1980-02-11 1981-07-28 Consarc Corporation Electroslag remelting furnace with improved power connection
DE3917998A1 (en) * 1989-06-02 1990-12-06 Leybold Ag CLOSED MELTING OVEN WITH SEVERAL HORIZONTALLY MOVABLE OVEN BOTTOMS
DE19839432C2 (en) * 1998-08-29 2000-12-07 Ald Vacuum Techn Ag Electric melting system

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