Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
  • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
  • H01Q13/18—Resonant slot antennas the slot being backed by, or formed in boundary wall of, a resonant cavity ; Open cavity antennas
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
  • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
  • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
  • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
  • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
  • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
  • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
  • H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
  • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
  • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
  • H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
  • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
  • H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
  • H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
  • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
  • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
  • H01Q21/068—Two dimensional planar arrays using parallel coplanar travelling wave or leaky wave aerial units

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of telecommunications. Within this field, the invention relates more particularly to antennas intended to receive or transmit a telecommunication signal.
• the antenna can be used in a variety of systems. Its design based on the technique of slot guides allows use in embedded systems, that is to say on a typically mobile support such as a train or an aircraft, for which the constraints of size, weight, consumption can be extremely severe.
• the antenna is more particularly suitable for so-called “high-speed” or even “very high-speed” links, for example for satellite transmissions in the Ka band which extends in transmission from 27.5 to 31 GHz and in reception of 18.3 at 18.8 GHz and 19.7 at 20.2 GHz.
• the antenna consists of base antenna elements associated in one dimension to form a slotted guide.
• the antenna may be composed of several slot guides associated to form a network.
• Figure la shows schematically a waveguide basic antenna element with a rectangular slot cut on one of the faces, generally the so-called upper face which is oriented in the direction of the element in communication with the antenna.
• the slot is excited by the propagation of the field in the waveguide.
• the basic antennal elements are associated in series along an axis to form a slotted guide as shown in FIG. 1b, then the slotted guides are associated in parallel to obtain an antenna as shown in FIG.
• Such an association to form a network is described in article [2].
• the arrangement of the slits as shown in FIG. 1a gives rise to radiation having a linear polarization.
• a misalignment can be obtained mechanically by means of a mechanical movement of the antenna, controlled manually or by a motor.
• Congestion constraints for example for systems embedded (installation of an antenna on a train, an airplane %) prohibit any mechanism of mechanical misalignment. Such misalignment must therefore be obtained electronically.
• Article [5] describes how to control the radiation of an SIW antenna and how to detach the beam in the plane of networking by feeding in parallel each slot guide and controlling the phase of each feed point slotted guides.
• the curves of FIG. 2c represent the radiation in site of this type of double slot guides corresponding to FIG. 2a or 2b for different planes offset by an angle Phi (0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °) relative to at the axis of the guide, this angle Phi is said bearing angle.
• the main circular polarization (right) radiation pattern corresponding to the DirRHCP lines is characterized by a maximum in the direction perpendicular to the slit surface. DirLHCP lines represent cross-polarized (left) radiation. An adjustment of the dimensions, positions and inclinations of the slots provides a low level of cross polarization in the direction of the maximum radiation.
• the invention proposes an antenna element with a slotted waveguide which is an alternative to known antennal elements, of equivalent or even more efficient performance for certain configurations.
• the subject of the invention is an antenna element with a slotted waveguide comprising at least one conducting surface provided with at least one annular slot which delimits at its central part a conducting zone and which electrically isolates this zone from the rest of the the face.
• Such antennal element is typically obtained by means of SIW (Substrate Integrated Waveguide) technology.
• SIW Substrate Integrated Waveguide
• This technology makes it possible to print the slots by printing.
• the annular shape of the slot makes it possible to obtain equivalent performances, even more interesting in certain configurations than the rectangular shape, while simplifying the manufacturing process, in particular in cases where a circular polarization must be obtained.
• the printing mask has only one annular slot while according to the prior art at least two rectangular slots are required with positioning constraints of one with respect to the other.
• the antenna element is such that the annular slot is offset with respect to the axis of the slot guide.
• a slotted guide has a shape that is generally close to that of a parallelepiped, therefore characterized by at least one length.
• the length is the dimension in the axis of the parallelepiped.
• the offset of the annular slot with respect to the axis advantageously makes it possible to obtain a circular polarization.
• only the offset of the print mask with respect to the axis is necessary to obtain a circular polarization.
• the manufacture of a slit-fence antennal element which is of rectilinear polarization or circular polarization requires a different polarization-specific mask. Indeed, to obtain a circular polarization according to the prior art a double rectangular slot is necessary with a particular arrangement of the double slot.
• the double slot consists of a cross centered relative to the axis of the guide with two weakly asymmetrical arms, or the double slot consists of a cross offset relative to the guide axis, or the double slot consists of two slots offset along the length and width of the guide and inclined by approximately 45 °.
• the same mask makes it possible to obtain an antenna element according to the invention with either a linear polarization or a circular polarization, and this only by shifting the mask on the face of the substrate on which the slot must be printed.
• the antennal element according to the invention generates radiation in circular polarization with an isolation between the main and crossed polarizations for angles greater than 40 °.
• the antennal element is such that the distance between the inner and outer edges of the annular slot comprises along the perimeter of the slot significant variations which delimit out-breaks.
• the offsets typically have the form of notches in the case of an annular slot of circular shape or the shape of triangles in the case of a square-shaped annular slot. These offsets are made on the central zone along the inner edge of the slot or on the outer portion along the outer edge of the slot, which part belongs to the rest of the face. These releases act as disrupters that alter the symmetry of the slot. Thus, even if the slot is wedged on the axis of the slotted guide, the offsets allow to obtain a circular polarization. If the slot is offset with respect to the axis of the slotted guide, the offsets allow to modify the radiation and to limit the frequency band with respect to the same slot without disconnection.
• the antenna element is such that the distance between the inner and outer edges of the annular slot is variable along the periphery of the slot.
• the variation in the width of the annular slot may result for example because the inner and outer edges of the slot are not concentric. This asymmetry advantageously makes it possible to modify the radiation of the slot relative to the same element with an invariable distance between the two edges of the slot.
• This latter embodiment may or may not be combined with a previous mode to define another embodiment.
• the antenna element comprises another annular slot surrounding the annular slot.
• annular slot whose central portion includes the first annular slot provides a two-band antennal element.
• the antennal element is said to have double annular slits.
• the two annular slots are typically centered on the same central point.
• the invention further relates to a slotted guide comprising a plurality of antenna elements conforming to the preceding object, arranged between them in a linear array.
• the parallelepipedal shape of the antenna elements makes it possible to easily produce a linear network by placing them in series. Serialization makes it possible to obtain a network with performances superior to that of a single antenna element.
• the invention further relates to a plane antenna comprising a plurality of slotted guides in accordance with the preceding object, arranged between them in a two-dimensional network.
• An antenna according to the invention combines a small footprint and compatible radiation performance of use with misalignment which requires a large difference between the main polarization and cross polarization beyond the main axis.
• the planar antenna comprises a means for feeding the slotted guides in parallel arranged to control the phases between the supply signals of the slot guides.
• Figure la schematically shows an antennal element according to the prior art.
• Figure 1b schematically shows a slot guide according to the prior art made with an assembly of antennal elements of Figure la.
• FIG 1a schematically shows an antenna according to the prior art consisting of an array of slot guides of Figure 1b.
• Figure 2a is an antennal element of the prior art with rectangular slots arranged in cross staggered from the axis of the slot guide to obtain a circular polarization.
• Figure 2b is an antennal element of the prior art with rectangular slots offset along the length and width of the slot guide and inclined by about 45 ° to obtain a circular polarization.
• Figure 2c shows the directivity curves in the right circular polarization curves
• Figure 3a is a schematic representation of an embodiment of an antenna element according to the invention.
• FIG. 3b gathers directivity curves in site in linear polarizations according to x
• FIG. 4a is a schematic representation of an embodiment of an antenna element according to the invention in which the annular-shaped slot is offset with respect to the axis of the slot guide.
• FIG. 4b gathers the directivity curves in the right circular (DirRHCP) and left (DirLHCP) polarizations at the frequency of 9.9 GHz of the antenna element corresponding to FIG. 5a for different planes offset by an angle Phi of deposit.
• FIG. 5a is a diagrammatic representation of an embodiment of an antenna element according to the invention in which the distance between the inner and outer edges of the slot comprises, along the periphery of the slot, notable variations which delimit out-stops; at the metallized central part.
• FIG. 5b gathers the directivity curves in the right circular (DirRHCP) and left (DirLHCP) polarizations at the frequency of 9.8 GHz of the antenna element corresponding to FIG. 5a for different planes offset by an angle Phi of deposit.
• Figure 5c gives the curve of the ellipticity rate of the antenna element of Figure 5a.
• FIG. 5d is a diagrammatic representation of an embodiment of an antenna element according to the invention in which the distance between the inner and outer edges of the slot comprises, along the periphery of the slot, notable variations which delimit outlets. to the rest of the face (outer part to the slot).
• Figure 6a is a schematic representation of an embodiment of an antenna element according to the invention wherein the element has a double annular slot.
• FIG. 6b gathers the directivity curves in the right circular (DirRHCP) and left (DirLHCP) polarizations at the 8.7 GHz frequency of the antennal element corresponding to FIG. 6a for different planes offset by an angle Phi of deposit.
• Figure 6c gives the curve of the ellipticity rate of the antennal element of Figure 6a.
• FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of an antenna element according to the invention with an annular slot of elliptical shape.
• FIG. 8a illustrates an embodiment of an antenna element according to the invention with an annular slot of square shape.
• FIG. 8b gathers directivity curves in site in linear polarizations according to x
• FIG. 9a is a schematic representation of an embodiment of an antenna element according to the invention wherein the square shaped annular slot is offset from the slit guide.
• FIG. 9b gathers the directivity curves in the right circular (DirRHCP) and left (DirLHCP) polarizations at the frequency of 10 GHz of the antenna element corresponding to FIG. 9a for different planes offset by a bearing angle Phi.
• FIG. 9c gives the curve of the ellipticity ratio of the antennal element of FIG. 9a.
• FIG. 10a is a schematic representation of an embodiment of an antenna element according to the invention in which the square-shaped annular slot is offset with respect to the axis of the slot guide and is rotated to finally obtain an annular slot having the shape of a rhombus.
• FIG. 10b gathers the directivity curves in the right circular (DirRHCP) and left (DirLHCP) polarizations at the frequency of 10 GHz of the antenna element corresponding to FIG. 10a for different planes offset by a bearing angle Phi.
• FIG. 11a corresponds to the case of a square-shaped annular slot which comprises two disrupters in the form of intersected inner corners arranged symmetrically.
• FIG. 11b collects directivity curves in site in right circular polarizations
• Figure 11c gives the curve of the ellipticity rate of the antenna element of Figure 11a.
• Figure 12 illustrates an embodiment of an antenna element according to the invention wherein the distance d between the inner and outer edges of the annular slot is variable along the periphery of the slot.
• FIG. 13 illustrates a planar dielectric substrate comprising a series of metallized holes connecting the two metal faces of the substrate before cutting on the upper face of an annular slot according to the invention.
• Figure 14 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of an antenna element according to the invention obtained by implementing a conventional technology with a charged metal waveguide or no dielectric.
• FIG 3a is a schematic representation of an embodiment of an antenna element El A according to the invention.
• the antenna element E1A slot guide according to the invention comprises at least one conductive face Fs provided with at least one annular slot Fan.
• An annular slot within the meaning of the invention is a slot which has the particularity of delimiting a conducting central zone Zc and of isolating it electrically from the remainder of the upper face Fs conducting.
• the annular slot is delimited by an inner edge and an outer edge separated by a distance d.
• the depth of the slot is at least that of the thickness of the metallized layer of the upper face Fs to electrically isolate the central zone Zc from the remainder of the face Fs.
• the curves of FIG. 3b represent the radiation in site of this antenna element corresponding to FIG. 3a for different planes offset by a bearing angle Phi (0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °) with respect to the axis. of the guide.
• the main linear polarization radiation pattern (following x) corresponding to the DirL lines is characterized by a maximum in the direction perpendicular to the slit surface.
• the lines DirR represent the radiation in crossed linear polarization (following y).
• FIG. 4a is a schematic representation of an embodiment of an antenna element E1A according to the invention in which the annular-shaped slot is offset with respect to the axis of the slot guide.
• the offset with respect to the axis of the slotted guide makes it possible to obtain a circular polarization.
• the curves of FIG. 4b represent the radiation in site of this antenna element corresponding to FIG. 4a for different planes offset by a bearing angle Phi (0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °) with respect to the axis. of the guide.
• the main circular polarization (right) radiation pattern corresponding to the DirRHCP lines is characterized by a maximum in the direction perpendicular to the slit surface.
• the DirLHCP lines represent the radiation in circular cross polarization (left).
• FIG. 5a is a schematic representation of an embodiment of an antenna element E1A according to the invention in which the distance between the inner and outer edges of the slot comprises along the periphery of the slot significant variations which delimit unhitching at the metallic central part.
• the jolts are made on the outer contour of the slot. These offsets play the role of disrupters which allow to modify the symmetry of the annular slot and to obtain a circular polarization even if the slot is wedged on the axis of the slot guide.
• FIG. 5a corresponds to the case of an annular slot of circular shape which comprises two disruptors in the form of notches arranged symmetrically.
• the curves of FIG. 5b represent the radiation in site of this antenna element corresponding to FIG. 5a for different planes offset by a bearing angle Phi (0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °) with respect to the axis. of the guide.
• the main circular polarization radiation pattern (right) corresponding to DirRHCP lines is characterized by a maximum in the direction perpendicular to the surface where the slot is located.
• the DirLHCP lines represent the radiation in circular cross polarization (left).
• FIG. 6a is a schematic representation of an embodiment of an antenna element ElA according to the invention in which the element comprises a double annular slot which advantageously makes it possible to obtain dual band operation.
• the double annular slot has a circular shape.
• the two slots are typically centered on the same central point.
• the curves of FIG. 6b represent the radiation in site of this antenna element corresponding to FIG. 6a for different planes offset by a bearing angle Phi (0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °) with respect to the axis of the guide.
• the main circular polarization (right) radiation pattern corresponding to the DirRHCP lines is characterized by a maximum in the direction perpendicular to the surface where the double slot is located.
• the DirLHCP lines represent the radiation in circular cross polarization (left).
• the annular slot can have very variable shapes which is similar to that of a ring.
• the shape can be regular and belong to the list including circular, oval, elliptical, square, rectangular shapes.
• FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of an antenna element according to the invention with an annular slot of elliptical shape.
• FIG. 8a illustrates an embodiment of an antenna element according to the invention with an annular slot of square shape.
• the curves of FIG. 8b represent the radiation in site of this antenna element corresponding to FIG. 8a for different planes offset by a bearing angle Phi (0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °) with respect to the axis of the guide.
• the main linear polarization radiation pattern (along x) corresponding to the DirR lines is characterized by a maximum in the direction perpendicular to the slit surface.
• the DirL lines represent the radiation in crossed linear polarization (following y).
• FIG. 9a is a schematic representation of an embodiment of an antenna element ElA according to the invention in which the square-shaped annular slot is offset with respect to the axis of the slot guide.
• the offset with respect to the axis of the slotted guide makes it possible to obtain a circular polarization.
• the curves of FIG. 9b represent the radiation in site of this antenna element corresponding to FIG. 9a for different planes offset by a bearing angle Phi (0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °) with respect to the axis. of the guide.
• the main circular polarization (right) radiation pattern corresponding to the DirRHCP lines is characterized by a maximum in the direction perpendicular to the slit surface.
• the DirLHCP lines represent the radiation in circular cross polarization (left).
• FIG. 10a is a schematic representation of an embodiment of an antenna element E1A according to the invention in which the square-shaped annular slot is offset with respect to the axis of the slot guide and is rotated for the final obtain an annular slot in the shape of a rhombus.
• the offset with respect to the axis of the slotted guide makes it possible to obtain a circular polarization.
• the curves of FIG. 10b represent the radiation in elevation of this antenna element corresponding to FIG. 10a for various planes offset by a bearing angle Phi (0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °) with respect to the axis of the guide.
• the main circular polarization (right) radiation pattern corresponding to the DirRHCP lines is characterized by a maximum in the direction perpendicular to the slit surface.
• the DirLHCP lines represent the radiation in circular cross polarization (left).
• FIG. 11a is a schematic representation of an embodiment of an antenna element E1A according to the invention in which the distance between the inner and outer edges of the slot comprises along the periphery of the slot significant variations which delimit out of the metallized central part or in another mode on the outer contour of the slot. These offsets play the role of disrupters which allow to modify the symmetry of the annular slot and to obtain a circular polarization even if the slot is wedged on the axis of the slot guide.
• FIG. 11a corresponds to the case of a square-shaped annular slot which comprises two disrupters in the form of intersected inner corners arranged symmetrically.
• the curves of FIG. 11b represent the radiation in elevation of this antenna element corresponding to FIG. 11a for different planes offset by a bearing angle Phi (0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °) relative to the axis of the guide.
• the main circular polarization (left) radiation pattern corresponding to the DirRHCP lines is characterized by a maximum in the direction perpendicular to the slit surface.
• the DirLHCP lines represent the radiation in circular cross polarization (right).
• the shape of the annular slot may just as well not be regular and have a variable distance d between these edges, the shape may for example be of the potatooid type.
• Figure 12 illustrates an embodiment of an antenna element according to the invention wherein the distance d between the inner and outer edges of the annular slot is variable along the periphery of the slot.
• a particular embodiment is to provide an annular slot with two circular and non-concentric inner and outer edges as shown in FIG.
• its thickness or depth is such that the metallized layer of the surface Fs on which the slot is printed is removed on the space occupied by the slot Fan.
• the slot breaks the electrical continuity that existed on the face Fs hosting the slot.
• the annular slot defines two zones on the surface Fs: the zone lying inside the slot or central zone Zc at the slot, delimited by the inner edge of the slot, and the zone outside the slot or remainder of the face, delimited by the outer edge of the slot. These two areas that are part of the face are electrically insulated from each other by the annular slot.
• the antennal element can be obtained by implementing SIW technology.
• SIW technology as described in [6] makes it possible to produce waveguides from planar dielectric substrates.
• This technology typically implements a conventional technique for producing a printed circuit (in the English terminology Printed Circuit Board, PCB).
• PCB Printed Circuit Board
• the two metallized faces Fs, Fi of the Sub substrate form the upper and lower sides of the guide.
• the upper side Fs is typically the side that is oriented in the direction of the transmitted or received signal.
• the vertical metal walls of the short sides of the guide are made by a series of metallized holes Tr connecting the two faces Fs, Fi metal of the substrate.
• This printed technology is advantageous because it makes it possible to produce low thickness and low cost antennas as described in [5].
• annular slot delimits a central zone and electrically isolates it from the remainder of the upper face.
• Figure 14 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of an antenna element E1A according to the invention obtained by implementing a conventional technology with a charged metal waveguide or no dielectric.
• the central portion is maintained at the lower face by means of a pin or pad Pi which can be made of dielectric and optionally metallized.
• the antennal elements according to the invention can be associated in one dimension, in the same way as the antenna elements of the prior art, to form a slotted guide. These latter slot guides can themselves be networked in the same way as the slotted guides of the prior art to form a planar antenna.
• the antenna may be associated with a means for supplying the slot guides in parallel.
• the control of the relative phases between the feed points of the slotted guides makes it possible to maximize the overall radiation and thus to control the misalignment of the antenna.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
• Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

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• 2011
  • 2011-02-11 FR FR1151122A patent/FR2971631A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
• 2012
  • 2012-02-13 WO PCT/FR2012/050311 patent/WO2012107705A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2012-02-13 EP EP12708914.2A patent/EP2673842B1/de active Active
  • 2012-02-13 US US13/985,013 patent/US20130321227A1/en not_active Abandoned

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