EP2668112B1 - Double-chamber vessel for flowable substances - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a double chamber vessel for flowable substances with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

It is known, flowable substances, which in particular liquids, but also viscous substances such as gels, creams, pastes or viscous foods such. As honey or syrup, store in double-chambered vessels. In this case, the individual chambers of the vessel are separated from each other, so that it is prevented that the flowable substances stored separately therein before coming out of the vessel come into contact with each other. Such separate storage is used in particular for different flowable substances, for various reasons. Thus, for example, there are two-component adhesives, each having different chemical components containing adhesive output pastes, which undergo a reaction by mixing and cure. These substances must be stored separately so that the curing reaction does not occur already takes place during storage and the adhesive or adhesive is unusable, but rather this reaction occurs only in the desired application to the mixing of the components out.

However, separate storage of different flowable substances are also known from cosmetics, where different components of care creams or the like should be mixed only immediately before use. The same applies to areas of medicine. In addition, it is known to store flowable food in double-chambered containers. This can be done, for example, to different starting materials z. B. a mixed drink, such as cola and beer, only to flow together immediately before consumption (see, for example, the utility model DE 296 00 895 U1 ). Finally, especially the stored in separate chambers presentation of different liquids with different coloring from the point of view of marketing interesting if the differently colored substances z. B. a dark and a light sugar beet syrup or the like in the consumer recognizable different chambers of a double chamber vessel storage.

Another double-chamber vessel, which should find application for liquid detergent, is in the DE 10 2006 036 637 A1 described.

Another double chamber vessel is in the WO 03/020601 A2 described. There, the individual chambers are arranged one above the other with overlapping areas.

In the US2,661,870 a double-chamber vessel according to the preamble of claim 1 is disclosed in which in a design variant (there in the Fig. 3 shown) an internal chamber is completely enclosed by an outer chamber. Both chambers have at the bottom of the vessel a common boundary wall.

In the EP 1 500 606 A2 a dual-chamber vessel in the form of a multi-component cartridge is shown, which in one embodiment variant (there FIGS. 4 and 5 ) Also has an inner first chamber and a completely enclosing this outer second chamber, located at the common outlet facing top to share the upper end wall as a common boundary wall. This end wall is in accordance with EP 1 500 606 A2 made of a plastic that is not described as transparent.

This known from the prior art double-chamber vessels has in common that they are clearly separated from each other or arranged inside each other and contain from a partition from each other insulated chambers, which in the presentation of the packed in the dual-chamber vessel flowable substances a relatively chunky impression at the consumer and in which the size of the chambers, which may vary depending on the desired content (see the above DE 29 600 895 U1 ) are clearly perceptible to the consumer in their different size. This type of presentation is often perceived as being "rough."

In the US 2006/0213854 A1 discloses a dual-chamber vessel in the form of a bottle in which an inner chamber is located entirely inside and without contact with the side wall of the vessel. This inner chamber is rotated helically, but can not contribute to the outer impression of the vessel, in this case the bottle, especially when in the surrounding the inner chamber volume of the bottle a non-transparent flowable medium is filled.

Here, the inventor has thought about an improvement that offers a possibility of more attractive presentation of the flowable substances filled in the dual-chamber vessel, and also greater independence of the design of the volume ratios of the two chambers with respect to a uniform or appealing exterior design and a such design of the double chamber vessel.

This object is achieved with a double-chamber vessel having the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments of this vessel are given in the dependent claims 2 to 9.

According to the invention, the dual-chamber vessel is constructed so that it has a first, inner chamber, which is surrounded by a second, outer chamber. The second outer wall following the outer chamber bounded outside, is transparent and forms in particular the lateral outer wall of the double chamber vessel. In that regard, the second outer wall completely encloses the chambers contained in the vessel.

Preferably, the first, inner wall is transparent. However, this can also be opaque or colored intransparent.

In this case, sections are formed, which are flat sections, and in which the wall of the first, inner chamber in the region of the lateral outer wall is directly connected to the wall of the second, outer chamber, so that between the walls of the first and the second chamber no longer remains to be filled with the flowable substance in the second chamber cavity, or in which the outer wall of the first chamber and the second chamber is formed by a common wall profile. According to the invention, these flat sections are configured as a continuously formed surface, which in the outside view spirally travels along the wall of the second, outer chamber, which at the same time forms the lateral outer wall of the double-chamber vessel.

The fact that the otherwise inner first chamber is introduced with its outer wall in its sections to the wall of the outer chamber, is in these areas filled with different flowable substances in the first and the second chamber double chamber vessel either the outer wall of the inner chamber or, if it is transparent, the flowable substance contained in the inner chamber visible from outside the vessel forth, even if the view of the inner chamber otherwise by a contained in the outer chamber, colored, cloudy or otherwise reason non-transparent liquid is covered. In particular, very variable optically pleasing effects can thus be achieved for the chamber vessel filled with different flowable substances in the two chambers. Is, as provided according to a development of the invention (see claim 2), the double-chamber vessel formed in the form of a bottle, this bottle, for example, with different liquids, eg. B. in the inner chamber with cherry juice, filled in the outer chamber with banana juice. The cloudy and yellowish-beige banana spruce in the outer chamber conceals in this example the view of the dark red cherry juice stored in the inner chamber, wherever the wall of the first inner chamber is not brought to the wall of the outer chamber. There, the viewer of the double-chamber vessel sees the red cherry juice. It is very easy to recognize at this point that this type of embodiment of the double-chamber vessel brings with it a high degree of flexibility with regard to the design. It is only necessary to ensure that the second, outer chamber is still connected as a whole and continuously with its opening and can be emptied by this of the flowable substance.

Alternatively, in one embodiment which is not part of the invention, the sheet sections in which the first chamber abuts with its wall directly against the wall of the second chamber could also be circular, for example (in the case of a curved wall of the outer chamber in the form of corresponding Projections), whereby these circular sections may be distributed over the bottle regularly or in a different pattern. Just as well, these sections could be formed as "islands" of different geometry, angular, star-shaped or the like.

Depending on how fluid the flowable substances are in the chambers of the dual compartment vessel, the walls may be stiff (eg, in liquids) or flexible (eg, for viscous pastes to be transported by pressing from the dual compartment vessel).

It should be understood that without an optical change in the chosen design of the arrangement and geometry of the sheet sections in which the first chamber with its wall is directly adjacent to the wall of the second chamber, volume ratios of the first chamber and the second chamber are adjusted and changed can. This can in particular very easily be done by changing the wall course of the first chamber in the areas in which this wall is not applied to the wall of the second chamber. As this wall is drawn further inward into the interior of the dual chamber vessel, the volume of the first chamber becomes smaller and the volume of the second chamber larger and vice versa. Accordingly, therefore, by adjusting the volume ratios of the two chambers optionally with simultaneous adjustment of the opening widths of the openings a mixing ratio of the two separate stored and for mixing together expiring flowable substances can be adjusted when they are released from the double chamber vessel or pushed out of this. If, for example, separate milk and an additive for producing a milk mix beverage (a cocoa product, a milk mixed with fruit syrup or the like) are stored in such a double-chamber vessel, then the milk can be stored in a larger selected volume of the inner chamber, the additive in one small selected volume of the outer chamber. By the appropriate adjustment of the two chambers and the openings, which is chosen taking into account the desired mixing ratio as well as the different viscosities of the starting ingredients, can be achieved so that the milk mix beverage flows out in a predetermined mixing ratio of the dual-chamber vessel, so that it has the desired flavor characteristics having. at Emptying the double-chamber vessel emptied both the inner first chamber and the outer second chamber with skillful dimensioning to the same extent, so that the impression from the outside can appear even emptying of the vessel itself.

According to the invention, to implement such a design consists in the planar sections, in which the first wall of the first chamber on the second wall of the second chamber directly abuts or is formed together with this, seen from the outside in a continuous spiral shape along the outer wall of the Doppelkammergefäßes extends to form.

Alternatively, the dual-compartment vessel may be formed as a perfume or perfume bottle. Then, an atomizer, in particular a pump sprayer known per se, is advantageously arranged in the opening region, which reaches the openings of both chambers and via which the chambers can be emptied. The atomizer can emptying both chambers simultaneously via a corresponding switch. Alternatively, and in a particularly preferred variant, the atomiser can alternatively be connected to the first or the second chamber by means of a suitable switching mechanism, in order to deliver only the contents of one of the chambers. Thus, for example, in a vial in a visually appealing manner of a fragrance an Eau de Toilette (typically in a larger volume chamber, eg the first chamber) and a perfume (typically in a chamber of lesser volume, eg the second chamber) are offered at the same time ,

In principle, the implementation of a double-chamber vessel according to the invention offers a high degree of design freedom with regard to the ratios of the externally visible surfaces of the first and second chambers and the volume ratio of the volumes of both chambers. The latter can be adjusted in particular independently of the surface ratio mentioned by the relations of the chamber volumes by different extensions or Extensions of the chambers are chosen inside the vessel.

For the presentation and a particular relationship of the different areas and thus contained in the chambers containing flowable substances impression has a ratio of the surface of the lateral outer wall, on which the outer wall of the second chamber rests or forms the surface to which the Outside wall of the first chamber is exposed, without that the outer wall of the second chamber is applied to this, between 4: 1 and 1: 4, in particular between 3: 1 and 1: 3, preferably between 2: 1 and 1: 2 as suitable and to be emphasized.

Particularly preferred, since easy to manufacture and associated with low weight, in particular in the realization of the vessel as a bottle, in particular beverage bottle, the wall of the first and the second chambers formed of a transparent plastic, in particular PET. Other plastics which are used in the packaging industry for the respective applications (eg bottles, tubes or the like) which can be used as a double-chamber vessel according to the invention are also suitable here. From such a plastic material can, for. Example, in a manner according to the invention designed as a double-chamber vessel bottle are prepared by first the inner chamber formed by drawing or injection molding and then enclosed in a second manufacturing step with the outer chamber, the z. B. can also be produced by injection molding. In principle, the chamber walls and thus the double-chamber vessel can also be made of other suitable materials, such as e.g. Glass, as it is preferred for higher quality vessels, especially perfume flacons.

Advantageously, the double-chamber vessel has a closure that jointly opens the first and the second chamber, which openings jointly open in the opening region, and in particular may be a screw cap in the case of a bottle. This closure is in particular arranged and interacts with the shape of the vessel in the opening area so that it is in the Opening area closes both openings separately, so that even with transport-related movements and changes in position of the dual-chamber vessel passage of the stored in a chamber of the vessel flowable substance is excluded in the other chamber. In the case of a bottle, the atomizer is advantageously the closure of the two chambers.

The openings of the first and second chambers may in particular be formed such that the opening of the first, inner chamber is circular and is concentrically surrounded by the annularly formed opening of the second, outer chamber. In this arrangement, when emptying the double-chambered vessel, the two separately stored flowable substances are mixed, and by designing the area ratios of the area of the circle of the inner opening and the ring of the outer opening, further, a desired discharge ratio of the two flowable substances from the first and second Chamber can be adjusted.

In particular, when the sections in which the wall of the internal chamber lies against or coincides with the wall of the external chamber have a complex geometry which allows a flow of the flowable substances stored in the external chamber in the regions between them It may be advantageous if sections make it possible to create at least one second path with which the second outer chamber is connected to the associated opening of this chamber. Such a second way may be, for example, in the case of the embodiment already described above, with a portion of collapse of the wall or walls of the first and second sections extending spirally along the outer wall of the vessel, a channel-shaped incision in which this spiral-shaped surface is interrupted and a channel run is formed between these sections for connecting the opening facing away from the region of the chamber with the opening. However, it also comes here in the interior of the vessel, within the first chamber in the direction of the opening area guided, in particular with the second chamber in a the maximum area opposite the opening portion connected pipe into consideration.

Brief description of the drawings

• Fig. 1 in zwei Darstellungen a) und b) in unterschiedlichen Sektionen teilweise weg geschnittene Ansichten eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Doppelkammergefäßes;
• Fig. 2 in einer vergrößerten und teilweise weg geschnittenen Ausschnittsdarstellung den oberen Abschnitt des Doppelkammergefäßes gemäß Fig. 1 mit dem Öffnungsbereich;
• Fig. 3 in einer Explosionsdarstellung das erfindungsgemäße Doppelkammergefäß nach dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel zur Darstellung der ersten, innen liegenden Kammer sowie der zweiten, außen liegenden Kammer und deren Anordnung zueinander;
• Fig. 4 eine Schnittdarstellung durch ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Doppelkammergefäßes in der Form einer Flasche und
• Fig. 5 eine teilweise weggeschnittene Ansicht eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Doppelkammergefäßes in Form eines Duftstoffflakons.

Further advantages and features will become apparent from the description of an embodiment with reference to the accompanying figures. Showing:

• Fig. 1 in two representations a) and b) in different sections partially cut away views of a first embodiment of a dual-chamber vessel according to the invention;
• Fig. 2 in an enlarged and partially cutaway sectional view of the upper portion of the dual-chamber vessel according to Fig. 1 with the opening area;
• Fig. 3 in an exploded view, the double chamber vessel according to the invention according to the first embodiment for showing the first, inner chamber and the second, outer chamber and their arrangement to each other;
• Fig. 4 a sectional view through a second embodiment of a double-chamber vessel according to the invention in the form of a bottle and
• Fig. 5 a partially cutaway view of a third embodiment of a dual-chamber vessel according to the invention in the form of a fragrance bottle.

Way (s) for carrying out the invention

In the figures, possible embodiments of a double-chamber vessel according to the invention are shown schematically, wherein the invention is not limited to this specific embodiments and their geometries. The figures are neither true to scale, nor faithful in all structural details, but represent rather schematic representations sketchy nature.

First, referring to the FIGS. 1 to 3 a first embodiment described. In the FIGS. 1 a and 1 b is a double chamber vessel 1 for flowable substances each shown in a partially cutaway view, wherein the views according to Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b in the different far away cut Different areas.

The double-chamber vessel 1 is in this case a bottle, in particular beverage bottle, with a bottle bottom 2, an elongate bottle body 3 with a lateral outer wall and a bottle bottom 2 opposite to the top of the dual-chamber vessel 1 opening portion 4. This opening portion 4, as in such Bottle-like vessels usual, closed by a screw cap, not shown here, so that the one or more contained in the double-chamber vessel 1 and enclosed by this cavity or cavities or chambers (see below) can be tightly sealed to leakage or flow to prevent the flowable substances from the interior of the dual-chamber vessel 1.

The double-chamber vessel 1 contains completely enclosed by an outer wall 5, a further, inner wall 6, which encloses an inner chamber. This inner chamber, which is delimited by the inner wall 6, has an opening 7 located in the opening area 4.

The outer wall 5, which completely encloses the inner wall 6, and the inner wall 5 define between them a second, outer chamber, which also opens in the opening portion 4 in an opening 8, wherein the opening 8 annular slit-shaped and concentric around the opening 7 is guided around.

In accordance with the invention, the outer wall 5 is connected in areas 9 directly and without leaving an intermediate cavity with the inner wall 6; in other areas 10, the outer wall 5 is guided away from the inner wall 6 to form an intermediate cavity forming the outer chamber.

In this embodiment, this is designed so that the areas 10 continuously complement each other to a spiral or helical course continuously, via which the outer chamber along the bottle-shaped double-chamber vessel 1 on the side Outside wall starting from the bottom of the bottle 2 to the opening area 4, more precisely to the opening 8 is guided.

In the case of the double-chamber vessel 1 according to the invention, in particular the outer wall 5 is designed to be transparent, wherein preferably also the inner wall 6 can be made transparent. Due to the transparent design of the outer wall 5 is given in the different areas 9 and 10 each have a different view. Through the areas 10, the observer sees from the outside when the second chamber is filled, the contents arranged in this chamber, the corresponding flowable substance, for example a colored juice or a colored lemonade. In the areas 9, the viewer immediately takes the inner wall 6 under the outer wall 5, if it is not transparent but colored or opaque, or through this inner wall 6 the contents of the inner chamber, e.g. a juice or lemonade in another color true. In the overall impression, this results in a two-color impression, which in the illustrated embodiment of the double-chamber vessel 1 has a color-changing, spiral course.

In the variant of a double-chamber vessel 1 shown here, it is particularly possible, by the design of the distance between the outer wall 5 and the inner wall 6 in the region 10 in which the cavity remains between these walls 5, 6, the respective volume of the inner and outer Vary chamber and thus adjust the ratio of these two volumes. Thus, e.g. a mixed beverage, which is to arise only when flowing out of the double-chamber vessel 1, are stored separately in its constituents, wherein at the same time the mixing ratio is predetermined by the ratio of the volumes of the inner chamber and the outer chamber. In order to achieve a corresponding outflow from the respective openings 7 and 8 in such a mixing ratio, the ratio of the opening cross sections of these openings 7 and 8 can also be adjusted accordingly.

In order to escape in the case of the double-chamber vessel 1 shown here to facilitate here the outer chamber volume extending spirally along the double chamber vessel 1, can (not shown here) be guided in a substantially perpendicular direction transverse to the course of the spiral path of the outer chamber, a ventilation web, in which the connection of the outer wall 5 with the inner wall 6 repealed in the areas 9 and thus a direct flow of air is allowed when emptying the volume of the outer chamber.

In Fig. 2 is shown in enlarged scale, the upper portion of the dual-chamber vessel 1 with the opening portion 4, to once again illustrate the position of the opening 7 to the inner chamber and the opening 8 to the outer chamber in their orientation to each other. Good to see here are again the areas 9, in which the outer wall 5 abut the inner wall 6 directly and omitting a cavity, in contrast to the areas 10, in which there is a distance and so the volume of the outer chamber is formed.

In Fig. 3 Finally, it is again shown in a kind of exploded view, as the double chamber vessel 1 according to the invention equally composed of a bounded by the inner wall 6 inner vessel and an inverted over this, bounded by the outer wall 5 outer vessel. Good to see is also the spirally coiled incision, in which the inner wall 6 of the inner vessel springs back and later in connected to the inner wall outer wall 5 so the volume of the outer chamber, which runs spirally along the longitudinal direction of the dual chamber vessel 1.

In Fig. 4 is shown in a sectional perspective view of a second embodiment of a double-chamber vessel according to the invention and designated 20 there. Basically, this double-chamber vessel 20 is constructed analogously to that previously shown and described. It has a bottle bottom 22, a bottle body 23 and in a bottle bottom 22 along the longitudinal axis opposite section has an opening portion 24. This also has an outer wall 25 and an inner wall 26. The outer wall 25 encloses a first chamber, wherein separated from this first chamber in a region between the outer wall 25 and the inner wall 26, a second chamber is formed, which abuts in regions 29 on the outer wall and there the surface of the lateral outer wall forms. These areas 9 together form a spiral-like continuous band, as is already the case in the previously described embodiment.

What is new here is that a further opening is provided in the opening region 24, with which a pipe 30 arranged in the interior of the first chamber of the double-chamber vessel 20 opens in the opening region. The tube 30 is connected in the region of an orifice 31, which is located near the bottom of the bottle 22, with the second, between the inner wall 26 and the outer wall 25 formed chamber. Thus, this chamber can optionally be emptied through the opening 21 or the opening 27, wherein air can flow over the respective other opening for venting the chamber.

In Fig. 5 is shown in partially cutaway view of another embodiment of the invention. Here, the dual chamber vessel 40 is a bottle for perfume or the like perfumes. As in the examples previously shown, an outer wall 45 and an inner wall 46 are provided, wherein in the interior of the double-chamber vessel 40, a first chamber is formed and a second chamber between the inner wall 46 and the outer wall 45 is. The inner wall 46 is guided in regions 49 to the outer wall (cut away there), which spiral in total around the vessel.

Arranged in an opening region 44 is a pump sprayer 41, which communicates with the volumes enclosed therein via corresponding hoses guided into the first and the second chamber, respectively. Here, the pump sprayer can be switched by twisting so that it either with the in the first, inner chamber reaching hose is in operative connection or with the hose which projects into the spirally wound second, externally guided chamber. So can be taken with the spray head optional content of one or the other chamber and sprayed. In this variant of the invention, for example, in the first inner chamber with a larger volume Eau de toilette of a fragrance was located in the formed between the inner wall 46 and the outer wall 45 second, in volume lower chamber a perfume of the same fragrance. But it could also be filled by a scent provider in the volumes scents for the man and for the woman, for example, to allow couples to share a "couple bottles". Then, by means of the above-described measure of an expansion of the volume of the second chamber, by displacing the inner wall 46 into the interior of the vessel, a corresponding adaptation and selection of the volume ratio could be made.

The embodiments shown here in the figures are to be understood as possible embodiments of the invention and to explain the same. In particular, there are very different and differently shaped forms of inventive double-chamber vessels, in which the geometry of the areas designated in the above embodiments 9, 29 and 49 (those areas in which the outer wall 5, 25 and 45 directly with the inner wall. 6 , 26, 46 are connected) and 10 (those areas in which between the outer wall 5, 25 and 45 and the inner wall 6, 26, 46 lead a distance to the formation of the volume of the outer chamber leaded) are designed differently. Also, the invention is not limited to bottle-shaped vessels or bottles. Thus, the dual compartment vessel may take other forms, such as e.g. Tubes for cosmetics or pasty foods.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Double-chamber vessel

2

bottle bottom

3

bottles of body

4

opening area

5

outer wall

6

inside wall

7

opening

8th

opening

9

Area

10

Area

20

Double-chamber vessel

21

opening

22

bottle bottom

23

bottles of body

24

opening area

25

outer wall

26

inside wall

27

opening

28

opening

29

Area

30

pipe

31

muzzle

40

Double-chamber vessel

41

pump sprayer

44

opening area

45

outer wall

46

inside wall

49

Area

Claims (9)

1. A double-chamber vessel (1; 20; 40) having a lateral outer wall for flowable substances with a first chamber surrounded by a first in particular transparent wall (6; 26; 46) as well as a second chamber surrounded by a second transparent wall (5; 25; 45), whereas the first and the second chambers include respectively an opening (7, 8; 21, 27, 28), which emerge together in an opening area (4; 24; 44) of the double-chamber vessel (1; 20; 40), and incidentally are separated from each other completely, whereas the first chamber is an internal chamber, which is surrounded by the second chamber, which is an external chamber, whereas in flat sections (9; 29; 49) the first wall (6; 26; 46) surrounding the first chamber rests immediately against the second wall (5; 25; 45) surrounding the second chamber, forming at the same time the lateral outer wall of the double-chamber vessel (1; 20; 40) or in the flat sections the second wall (5; 25; 45) forms at the same time the first wall (6; 26; 46) and whereas both chambers include a continuous flow connection with the respective opening (7, 8; 21, 27, 28), characterised in that the flat sections (9; 29; 49), in which the first wall (6; 26; 46) of the first chamber rests immediately against the second wall (5; 25; 45) of the second chamber or is formed integrally therewith, extend along the outer wall of the double-chamber vessel (1; 20; 40) following a continuous spiral curve, seen from the outside.
2. A double-chamber vessel according to claim 1, characterised in that it is in the form of a bottle, in particular of a beverage bottle.
3. A double-chamber vessel according to claim 1, characterised in that it includes a nebuliser (41), which is arranged on the opening area (44) and optionally wan be connected to one of the chambers or is connected simultaneously with both chambers.
4. A double-chamber vessel according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the ratio between the surface of the first wall (6; 26; 46) forming the lateral outer wall, against which rests the second wall (6; 26; 46) or forms it, and the surface, against which the lateral outer wall of the first wall (6; 26; 46) forming the first chamber is exposed, without the second wall (5; 25; 45) rests against the first wall (6; 26; 46), is comprised 4:1 and 1:4, in particular between 3:1 and 1:3, preferably between 2:1 and 1:2.
5. A double-chamber vessel according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the first (6; 26) and the second walls (5; 25) consist of a transparent synthetic material, in particular PET.
6. A double-chamber vessel according to any of the preceding claims, characterised that the first (46) and the second walls (45) consist of transparent glass.
7. A double-chamber vessel according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that it includes a closure, in particular a screw closure for closing together both openings (7, 8; 21, 27, 28) of the first and the second chambers, openings emerging together in the opening area (4; 24; 44).
8. A double-chamber vessel according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the opening (7; 21) of the first, internal chamber is circular and is surrounded concentrically by the annular opening (8; 28) of the second, external chamber.
9. A double-chamber vessel according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the inside of the second external chamber is connected via at least two paths to the appropriate opening (8; 28) of this chamber.

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