EP2665078A1 - Dispositif de commande de la commutation électrique et procédé de commande de la fermeture de celui-ci - Google Patents

Dispositif de commande de la commutation électrique et procédé de commande de la fermeture de celui-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2665078A1
EP2665078A1 EP11855640.6A EP11855640A EP2665078A1 EP 2665078 A1 EP2665078 A1 EP 2665078A1 EP 11855640 A EP11855640 A EP 11855640A EP 2665078 A1 EP2665078 A1 EP 2665078A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
load
side voltage
time
voltage
estimate value
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Granted
Application number
EP11855640.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2665078A4 (fr
EP2665078B1 (fr
Inventor
Tomohito Mori
Kenji Kamei
Sho Tokoyoda
Hiroyuki Tsutada
Aya Yamamoto
Hiroki Ito
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Application filed by Mitsubishi Electric Corp filed Critical Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Publication of EP2665078A1 publication Critical patent/EP2665078A1/fr
Publication of EP2665078A4 publication Critical patent/EP2665078A4/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/56—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H9/563—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for multipolar switches, e.g. different timing for different phases, selecting phase with first zero-crossing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power switching control device and a closing control method thereof.
  • a conventional power switching control device estimates a gap voltage at and after the present time as the difference between the power-supply side voltage at and after the present time that is obtained from the measured value of the power-supply side voltage and the load-side voltage at and after the present time that is obtained from the measured value of the load-side voltage. Furthermore, the conventional power switching control device controls the timing of closing the circuit breaker so that the circuit breaker can be closed at the timing when a gap-voltage estimate value is equal to a minimum value, thereby suppressing an overvoltage at the time of closing the circuit breaker (for example, Patent Literature 1).
  • Patent Literature 1 Japanese Patent No. 3986810
  • the above conventional technique is adopted on the premise that the behavior of the load-side voltage does not change after interrupting a current.
  • the power transmission line connected to the load side of the circuit breaker is the shunt-reactor-uncompensated power transmission line and the load-side voltage is measured by using a voltage measuring instrument such as a voltage transformer (VT) that discharges an electric charge
  • VT voltage transformer
  • the conventional technique has the following problems.
  • the gap-voltage estimate value does possibly not match an actual gap voltage, and it is impossible to suppress generation of a transient voltage or current at the time of closing the circuit breaker to a minimum.
  • the present invention has been achieved in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a power switching control device that can suppress generation of a transient voltage or current that is possibly caused by a mismatch between a gap-voltage estimate value after interrupting a current and an actual gap voltage.
  • a power switching control device applied to a configuration of connecting a circuit breaker to a power transmission line between a power supply and a load, comprising: a voltage measurement unit that measures a power-supply side voltage and a load-side voltage of the circuit breaker; a gap-voltage estimation unit that estimates a power-supply-side voltage estimate value at and after a time when the circuit breaker interrupts a current based on the power-supply side voltage, that estimates a load-side voltage estimate value at and after the time when the circuit breaker interrupts the current based on the load-side voltage and a passage of time since the circuit breaker interrupts the current, and that calculates a circuit-breaker-gap-voltage estimate value at and after the time when the circuit breaker interrupts the current based on the power-supply-side voltage estimate value and the load-side voltage estimate value; a target closing-time detection unit that detects an optimum timing of closing
  • the present invention it is possible to suppress generation of a transient voltage or current that is possibly caused by a mismatch between a gap-voltage estimate value after interrupting a current and an actual gap voltage.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration example of a power switching control device according to a first embodiment.
  • a circuit breaker 2 is connected between a power-supply-side main circuit 1 on a left-side of Fig. 1 and a no-load power transmission line 3 on a right-side thereof.
  • a voltage measurement unit 6 that includes a power-supply-side voltage measurement unit 4 measuring a power-supply side voltage of the circuit breaker 2 and a load-side voltage measurement unit 5 measuring a load-side voltage of the circuit breaker 2 is connected to both ends of the circuit breaker 2.
  • An auxiliary switch 7 interlocking with movable contacts of the circuit breaker 2 is connected to the circuit breaker 2.
  • An open/closed-state detection unit 10 detecting whether the auxiliary switch 7 is in an open state or a closed state is connected to the auxiliary switch 7.
  • FIG. 1 only one phase among phases R, S, and T is shown for the brevity of explanations.
  • the power transmission line 3 is a shunt-reactor-compensated power transmission line or a shunt-reactor-uncompensated power transmission line. If the power transmission line 3 is the shunt-reactor-compensated power transmission line, an AC voltage having a constant frequency due to a reactor on a load side of the circuit breaker 2 and an electrostatic capacity of the power transmission line 3 is generated. If the power transmission line is the shunt-reactor-uncompensated power transmission line, a DC voltage in proportion to a power-supply side voltage at a time of interrupting a current is generated on the load side of the circuit breaker 2.
  • the power switching control device is constituted by a computer and the like, and includes a gap-voltage estimation unit 11, a target-closing-time detection unit 12, and a closing control unit 13.
  • the power switching control device does not include the voltage measurement unit 6, the auxiliary switch 7, and the open/closed-state detection unit 10.
  • the power switching control device can be configured to include these constituent elements.
  • the gap-voltage estimation unit 11 continuously estimates instantaneous values of a gap voltage based on the power-supply side voltage output from the power-supply-side voltage measurement unit 4, the load-side voltage output from the load-side voltage measurement unit 5, and an open/closed-state detection signal output from the open/closed-state detection unit 10, and outputs the instantaneous values of the gap voltage to the target-closing-time detection unit 12.
  • the target-closing-time detection unit 12 detects an optimum closing timing when the circuit breaker 2 can be closed next time based on a circuit-breaker-gap-voltage estimate value, and outputs a target closing time.
  • the closing control unit 13 controls the circuit breaker 2 to be closed at the target closing time output from the target-closing-time detection unit 12.
  • a method of suppressing the generation of a transient voltage or current by the power switching control device according to the first embodiment is explained next with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 .
  • FIGS. 2 depict an example of a behavior of voltages and a current of respective parts before and after interrupting the current on the shunt-reactor-compensated power transmission line.
  • FIG. 2(a) depicts a waveform of a main circuit current in one phase.
  • FIG. 2(b) depicts a waveform of the power-supply side voltage in the phase and
  • FIG. 2(c) depicts a waveform of the load-side voltage in the phase.
  • FIG. 2(d) depicts a waveform of the circuit-breaker gap voltage in the phase obtained by subtracting the load-side voltage shown in FIG. 2(c) from the power-supply side voltage shown in FIG. 2(b) .
  • FIGS. 3 depict an example of a behavior of voltages and a current of respective parts before and after interrupting the current on the shunt-reactor-uncompensated power transmission line.
  • FIG. 3(a) depicts a waveform of the main circuit current in each phase.
  • FIG. 3(b) depicts a waveform of the power-supply side voltage in each phase and
  • FIG. 3(c) depicts a waveform of the load-side voltage in each phase.
  • FIG. 3(d) depicts a waveform of the circuit-breaker gap voltage in each phase obtained by subtracting the load-side voltage shown in FIG. 3(c) from the power-supply side voltage shown in FIG. 3(b).
  • FIG. 3(e) depicts a waveform of the load-side voltage when a voltage measuring instrument such as a voltage transformer (hereinafter, "VT") that discharges an electric charge is used as the load-side voltage measurement unit 5.
  • VT voltage transformer
  • the waveform of the load-side voltage changes to a waveform of the AC voltage having the constant frequency due to the reactor and the capacitive load of the power transmission line.
  • the waveform of the load-side voltage changes to a waveform of the DC voltage in proportion to the power-supply side voltage at the time of an interruption.
  • timings when the load-side voltage is equal to or higher than a predetermined positive-electrode-side threshold (80% of a maximum value of the power-supply side voltage, for example) and timings when the load-side voltage is equal to or lower than a negative-electrode-side threshold equal to the positive-electrode-side threshold are respectively detected at least once within a certain time (100 milliseconds, for example) at and after a current interruption time T, it is possible to determine that the load-side voltage is an AC wave signal. In this case, it is possible to determine that the power transmission line 3 connected to the load side of the circuit breaker 2 is the shunt-reactor-compensated power transmission line.
  • the load-side voltage is determined to be a DC signal. In this case, it is determined that the power transmission line 3 connected to the load side of the circuit breaker 2 is the shunt-reactor-uncompensated power transmission line.
  • the load-side voltage is an AC waveform signal and that the power transmission line 3 connected to the load side of the circuit breaker 2 is the shunt-reactor-compensated power transmission line when, for example, zero points in a constant cycle are generated on the load-side voltage within the certain time at and after the circuit interruption time T.
  • the load-side voltage (that is, a residual voltage) attenuates by a time constant or the like that is determined by the electrostatic capacity of the power transmission line 3 and a leakage resistance of an insulator supporting the power transmission line 3 and eventually converges into zero over time.
  • a time from the current interruption time is counted and a predetermined time determined, for example, based on an attenuation time constant of the residual voltage on the power transmission line 3 estimated by a prior calculation or the like, then it is determined that the slow re-closing is executed, and it is estimated that the load-side voltage estimate value at the time of closing the circuit breaker 2 is zero.
  • the predetermined time does not pass since the current interruption time T, it is determined that fast re-closing is executed and the load-side voltage estimate value at and after the present time is calculated using data by as much as the certain time since the current interruption time T.
  • the present invention is not limited to the method of calculating the load-side voltage estimate value adopted in this case.
  • the power transmission line 3 is the shunt-reactor-uncompensated power transmission line and where the voltage measuring instrument such as the VT that discharges an electric charge is used as the load-side voltage measurement unit 5, as shown in FIG. 3(e)
  • the electric charge remaining on the load side is rapidly discharged because of saturation of an iron core of the VT after interrupting the current.
  • the load-side voltage actually output from a secondary side of the load-side voltage measurement unit 5 converges into zero in several hundreds of milliseconds after the current interruption.
  • a time interval since the circuit breaker 2 interrupts the current until the circuit breaker 2 is closed next time is about 0.3 second to about 1.0 second even in the case of the fast re-closing.
  • the load-side voltage attenuates to nearly zero by the time of closing the circuit breaker 2 next time as a result of discharging the electric current by the VT. Therefore, when the power transmission line 3 is the shunt-reactor-uncompensated power transmission line and the load-side voltage shows a behavior of converging into zero at a speed equal to or higher than a constant speed (100 milliseconds, for example) after the current interruption time T, then it is determined that the load-side voltage measurement unit 5 is the voltage measuring instrument such as the VT that discharges an electric charge, and the load-side voltage estimate value at the time of closing the circuit breaker 2 next time is estimated as zero.
  • the load-side voltage measurement unit 5 is not the voltage measuring instrument such as the VT (such as a capacitive voltage transformer) that discharges an electric charge, and the load-side voltage estimate value at and after the present time is calculated using the data by as much as the certain time since the current interruption time T.
  • the present invention is not limited to the method of calculating the load-side voltage estimate value adopted in this case.
  • the power switching control device estimates that the load-side voltage estimate value at the next closing is zero when the predetermined time determined based on the attenuation time constant of a residual voltage on the power transmission line 3 in advance passes since the current interruption time T, and when the load-side voltage at and after the current interruption time T is a DC signal and the load-side voltage shows the behavior of converging into zero at the speed equal to or higher than the constant speed at and after the current interruption time T.
  • the power switching control device can thereby more accurately estimate the gap voltage at and after the present time and suppress generation of a transient voltage or current that is possibly caused by a mismatch between the gap-voltage estimate value and the actual gap voltage in a case of a slow re-closing operation or even in a case where the power transmission line 3 is the shunt-reactor-uncompensated power transmission line and where the load-side voltage measurement unit 5 is the voltage measuring instrument such as the VT that discharges an electric charge.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an example of processes performed by the power switching control device according to the first embodiment.
  • the gap-voltage estimation unit 11 converts an analog signal of the power-supply side voltage input from the power-supply-side voltage measurement unit 4 into a digital signal, discretizes the digital signal at a predetermined sampling interval, and stores therein the power-supply-side voltage signal by as much as a certain time (Step ST101).
  • the gap-voltage estimation unit 11 converts an analog signal of the load-side voltage input from the load-side voltage measurement unit 5 into a digital signal, discretizes the digital signal at a predetermined sampling interval, and stores therein the load-side voltage signal by as much as the certain time (Step ST201).
  • the gap-voltage estimation unit 11 detects and stores therein a plurality of zero-point times when a sign of the power-supply-side voltage signal changes from minus to plus or from plus to minus (Step ST102). In addition, the gap-voltage estimation unit 11 detects and stores therein a plurality of zero-point times when a sign of the load-side voltage signal changes from minus to plus or from plus to minus (Step ST202).
  • the gap-voltage estimation unit 11 always stores therein the power-supply-side voltage signal before the certain time since the present time, the load-side voltage signal before the certain time since the present time, the zero-point times of the power-supply-side voltage signal, and the zero-point times of the load-side voltage signal as data.
  • the gap-voltage estimation unit 11 determines that the circuit breaker 2 interrupts the current and stops storing therein the above data at a time point when the certain time passes since the current interruption time T. That is, the gap-voltage estimation unit 11 calculates the power-supply-side voltage estimate value and the load-side voltage estimate value at and after the present time using the data by as much as the certain time since the current interruption in subsequent processing steps.
  • the gap-voltage estimation unit 11 determines whether the power-supply-side voltage signal is an AC waveform signal (Step ST103). In addition, the gap-voltage estimation unit 11 determines whether the load-side voltage signal is the AC waveform signal (Step ST203). A process of calculating the load-side voltage estimate value is explained first.
  • the gap-voltage estimation unit 11 determines that the power transmission line 3 is the shunt-reactor-compensated power transmission line, and determines whether the predetermined time passes since the current interruption time T (Step S204). When the predetermined time does not pass since the current interruption time T (NO at Step S204), the gap-voltage estimation unit 11 determines that the fast re-closing is executed, determines that an attenuation due to the leakage resistance or the like does not occur to the load-side voltage, obtains a frequency, a phase, and an amplitude of the load-side voltage, and calculates the load-side voltage estimate value at and after the present time (Step S205). When the predetermined time passes since the current interruption time T (YES at Step ST204), the gap-voltage estimation unit 11 determines that the slow re-closing is executed and estimates the load-side voltage estimate value as zero (Step ST206).
  • a value of the latest zero-point time when the load-side voltage signal changes from the plus sign to the minus sign is stored as a phase of 180 degrees.
  • the amplitude of the load-side voltage signal a maximum value and a minimum value of a plurality of load-side voltage signals obtained for a period, for example, from the current interruption time T to the present time are stored, and an average of absolute values of the stored maximum and minimum values is set as the amplitude of the load-side voltage signal.
  • the amplitude of the load-side voltage signal can be obtained by integrating the load-side voltage signals by a cycle to obtain an effective value and by multiplying the effective value by ⁇ 2.
  • the gap-voltage estimation unit 11 determines that the power transmission line 3 is the shunt-reactor-uncompensated power transmission line, and determines whether the load-side voltage shows the behavior of converging into zero at the speed equal to or higher than the constant speed at and after the current interruption time T (Step ST207).
  • the gap-voltage estimation unit 11 determines that the load-side voltage measurement unit 5 is the voltage measuring instrument such as the VT that discharges an electric charge, and estimates the load-side voltage estimate value as zero (Step ST206).
  • the gap-voltage estimation unit 11 determines that the load-side voltage measurement unit 5 is not the voltage measuring instrument such as the VT (such as a capacitive voltage transformer) that discharges an electric charge, and determines whether the predetermined time passed since the current interruption time T (Step ST208).
  • the VT such as a capacitive voltage transformer
  • the gap-voltage estimation unit 11 determines that the fast re-closing is executed, determines that the attenuation due to the leakage resistance or the like does not occur to the load-side voltage, calculates a time average value of the load-side voltage signals, for example, as the amplitude of a DC signal, and sets this value as the load-side voltage estimate value at and after the present time (Step ST209).
  • the gap-voltage estimation unit 11 determines that the slow re-closing is executed and estimates the load-side voltage estimate value as zero (Step ST206).
  • the gap-voltage estimation unit 11 obtains a frequency, a phase, and an amplitude of the power-supply-side voltage and calculates the power-supply-side voltage estimate value at and after the present time (Step ST105). Because a method of calculating the power-supply-side voltage estimate value at Step ST105 is identical to the method of calculating the load-side voltage estimate value at Step ST205, the calculation method is not described herein.
  • the gap-voltage estimation unit 11 calculates a time average value of the load-side voltage signals, for example, as the amplitude of the DC signal, and sets this value as the power-supply-side voltage estimate value at and after the present time (Step ST109).
  • the gap-voltage estimation unit 11 calculates an absolute value of the gap-voltage estimate value for the certain time since the present time using the power-supply-side voltage estimate value and the load-side voltage estimate value (Step ST310).
  • the target-closing-time detection unit 12 estimates the target closing time for the certain time since the present time so that the circuit breaker 2 can be closed at a timing when the absolute value of the gap-voltage estimate value becomes smaller based on the absolute value of the gap-voltage estimate value input from the gap-voltage estimation unit 11 (Step ST311).
  • the present invention is not limited to this method of estimating the target closing time.
  • the target-closing-time detection unit 12 assumes that a latest estimation result of the target closing time is correct, deletes the target closing time estimated in a previous process, rewrites the target closing time estimated in the previous process to the target closing time estimated in the present process, and updates and outputs the target closing time (Step ST312).
  • the closing control unit 13 controls the circuit breaker 2 to be closed at the target closing time obtained by the target-closing-time detection unit 12 (step ST313).
  • the power switching control device estimates that the load-side voltage estimate value at the next closing is zero when the predetermined time determined based on the attenuation time constant of a residual voltage on the power transmission line in advance passes since the current interruption time, and when the load-side voltage at and after the current interruption time is a DC signal and the load-side voltage shows the behavior of converging into zero at the speed equal to or higher than the constant speed at and after the current interruption time.
  • the power switching control device can thereby more accurately estimate the gap voltage at and after the present time and suppress the generation of the transient voltage or current that is possibly caused by a mismatch between the gap-voltage estimate value and the actual gap voltage after the current interruption in the case of the slow re-closing operation or even in the case where the power transmission line 3 is the shunt-reactor-uncompensated power transmission line and where the load-side voltage measurement unit 5 is the voltage measuring instrument such as the VT that discharges an electric charge.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of an example of processes performed by a power switching control device according to a second embodiment. Because configurations of a power switching control device according to the second embodiment are identical to those described in the first embodiment and shown in FIG. 1 , explanations thereof will be omitted. In addition, in the flowchart of FIG. 5 , processes identical or equivalent to those shown in FIG. 4 and described in the first embodiment are denoted by same step numbers and detailed explanations thereof will be omitted.
  • Step ST204 or ST208 the process of determining whether the predetermined time passes since the current interruption time T (that is, whether the slow re-closing is executed) is carried out in each of the case where the load-side voltage signal is an AC waveform signal and the case where the load-side signal is a DC signal.
  • Step ST203a before the process of determining whether the load-side voltage is the AC waveform signal (Step ST203a), a process of determining whether the predetermined time passes since the current interruption time T is performed (Step ST204a), as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the gap-voltage estimation unit 11 estimates the load-side voltage estimate value as zero (Step ST206) whether the load-side voltage signal is the AC waveform signal or the DC signal. Therefore, in the second embodiment, the number of processing steps can be decreased as compared with that in the first embodiment.
  • the power switching control device performs the process of determining whether the predetermined time passes since the circuit breaker is closed before the process of determining whether the load-side voltage signal is the AC waveform signal, and estimates the load-side voltage estimate value as zero whether the load-side voltage signal is the AC waveform signal or the DC signal. Therefore, in addition to effects of the first embodiment, it is possible to decrease the number of processing steps as compared with that in the first embodiment.
  • the power switching control device can be configured to select one of these options using a switch or the like.
  • the power switching control device can be configured to select one of these options using a switch or the like.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
EP11855640.6A 2011-01-11 2011-01-11 Dispositif de commande de la commutation électrique et procédé de commande de la fermeture de celui-ci Not-in-force EP2665078B1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2011/050273 WO2012095942A1 (fr) 2011-01-11 2011-01-11 Dispositif de commande de la commutation électrique et procédé de commande de la fermeture de celui-ci

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EP2665078A1 true EP2665078A1 (fr) 2013-11-20
EP2665078A4 EP2665078A4 (fr) 2014-11-26
EP2665078B1 EP2665078B1 (fr) 2015-12-16

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EP (1) EP2665078B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4818488B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2824435C (fr)
WO (1) WO2012095942A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105706208A (zh) * 2013-10-15 2016-06-22 三菱电机株式会社 电力开关控制装置以及闭极控制方法
WO2020136545A1 (fr) * 2018-12-27 2020-07-02 Abb Schweiz Ag Procédé et dispositif de surveillance du fonctionnement d'un dispositif de commutation pour des applications de commutation commandées

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6045604B2 (ja) * 2012-12-14 2016-12-14 三菱電機株式会社 電力開閉制御装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6172863B1 (en) * 1998-12-21 2001-01-09 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Phase control switching system
EP1098333A2 (fr) * 1999-11-04 2001-05-09 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Interrupteur controllé
JP2003168335A (ja) * 2001-12-03 2003-06-13 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 電力開閉制御装置
US20080269952A1 (en) * 2007-04-27 2008-10-30 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Controlled switching device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4825648B2 (ja) * 2006-11-28 2011-11-30 三菱電機株式会社 開閉器制御装置

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6172863B1 (en) * 1998-12-21 2001-01-09 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Phase control switching system
EP1098333A2 (fr) * 1999-11-04 2001-05-09 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Interrupteur controllé
JP2003168335A (ja) * 2001-12-03 2003-06-13 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 電力開閉制御装置
US20080269952A1 (en) * 2007-04-27 2008-10-30 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Controlled switching device

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Title
See also references of WO2012095942A1 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105706208A (zh) * 2013-10-15 2016-06-22 三菱电机株式会社 电力开关控制装置以及闭极控制方法
WO2020136545A1 (fr) * 2018-12-27 2020-07-02 Abb Schweiz Ag Procédé et dispositif de surveillance du fonctionnement d'un dispositif de commutation pour des applications de commutation commandées
US11437205B2 (en) 2018-12-27 2022-09-06 Hitachi Energy Switzerland Ag Method and device for monitoring operation of a switching device for controlled switching applications

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JPWO2012095942A1 (ja) 2014-06-09
CA2824435C (fr) 2016-06-21
JP4818488B1 (ja) 2011-11-16
EP2665078A4 (fr) 2014-11-26
CA2824435A1 (fr) 2012-07-19
WO2012095942A1 (fr) 2012-07-19
EP2665078B1 (fr) 2015-12-16

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