EP2661808A2 - Verfahren zum betrieb eines wechselrichters und steuereinrichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren zum betrieb eines wechselrichters und steuereinrichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP2661808A2 EP2661808A2 EP11807694.2A EP11807694A EP2661808A2 EP 2661808 A2 EP2661808 A2 EP 2661808A2 EP 11807694 A EP11807694 A EP 11807694A EP 2661808 A2 EP2661808 A2 EP 2661808A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- inverter
- switch
- measured variable
- representative
- converter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003828 downregulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC
- H02M5/42—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC
- H02M5/453—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M5/458—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating an inverter, in particular as part of a power generation plant, and to a control device, in particular as part of an inverter, for carrying out the method.
- Inverters are used to convert the power generated by a generator, for example by a photovoltaic generator as a DC voltage in a grid-compatible AC power. This leads to a heating of the inverter due to the losses within the inverter.
- the modules inside the inverter which contain the power semiconductors, have temperature monitoring elements, for example thermodiodes or NTC resistors (Negative Temperature Coefficient).
- a load limiter as part of the inverter monitors the temperature thus measured, and initiates a reduction in the converter power if the temperature of the monitored switches is expected to continue to exceed the current converter power when the inverter operation continues. In this way it can be ensured that the modules are protected against excessive heating, in particular against heating, which would lead to shortening the life or to the destruction of switching elements.
- a disadvantage of the known state of the art is that switching elements which do not have their own temperature monitoring elements can not be monitored in the manner described above. Instead, it is necessary, via a thermal modeling of the inverter, to determine its temperature indirectly via the measured quantities detected, for example the temperature of the switch To calculate the network bridge of the inverter, and the current converter power and convert it into limiting values, starting from a reduction of
- Transducer power is required.
- Such indirectly monitored switching elements may for example be part of a boost converter, which converts the DC voltage supplied by the connected generator into a higher value of a voltage at a DC link of the inverter.
- the inverter is tillregelt, that is the current
- Transformer power is calculated to be equal to or below a calculated value
- Temperature sensors directly monitored switch and the indirectly monitored switches are widely spaced from each other in the inverter, and therefore have an unreliable temperature correlation. Then they are
- Switching elements of the inverter are thermally stressed excessively. It is also an object of the invention to provide a control device for an inverter, which ensures such operation without overloading the switching elements.
- the method according to the invention comprises the steps of detecting a first measured quantity which is representative of a current bridge temperature, for example the temperature of a temperature sensor integrated in a module of the network bridge, and a second measured variable which is representative of a current converter power of the inverter.
- a first measured quantity which is representative of a current bridge temperature
- a second measured variable which is representative of a current converter power of the inverter.
- Limit value can be determined for a converter power, which excludes an overload of the network bridge. Furthermore, the method comprises the detection of an additional third measured variable which is representative of a current one
- Generator voltage to generator terminals is, or alternatively or in
- Measured variable is used in combination with the first and second measured variable to specify a reduced power value, to which the converter power is reduced by the reduction of the inverter.
- boost converters are used, which have two switches operated in parallel.
- MOSFET Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
- IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
- the MOSFET has lower switching losses due to its shorter switching phases compared to the IGBT, while the IGBT has a lower internal resistance compared to the MOSFET. Therefore, it has been found to be advantageous to operate at low load of the boost converter this only by switching the MOSFET, while at high load of the boost converter operation of both switches is parallel advantageous.
- the second measured variable and at least one of the third and fourth measured variable determines whether the boost converter in a first operating mode by simultaneous timing of the first and second switches or in a second operating mode only Clocking the first switch is operated. In this way it is possible, with sufficiently low converter power the
- Switching between the operating modes with a hysteresis characteristic done. Switching from the second operating mode (only one switched switch) to the first operating mode (parallel clocked switches) occurs at a first threshold for the generator current or for the converter power or comparable quantities for the load of the boost converter, the return to the second Operation mode but takes place at a second threshold, which is less than the first threshold.
- Generator current value to be executed This specification can be carried out by calculation from the respective measured variables, but can also be realized by looking up in a table of reference values with optionally possible interpolation between adjacent reference values. These reference values can be determined in advance
- the overall efficiency of the boost converter can be further optimized by the fact that in parallel operation both switches of the
- the IGBT can be turned off earlier than the MOSFET.
- the IGBT may also be turned on later than the MOSFET.
- the switching losses can be further reduced because the longer switching phases of the IGBT partially overlap with the periods in which the MOSFET is in a conductive state, whereby only a small voltage drops across the IGBT.
- Boost converter is the variation of the clock frequency of the switch (s) of the
- Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an inverter
- FIG. 2 illustrates a structure for a control device according to the invention.
- Figure 1 shows a structure of an inverter 10, the on
- Generator terminals 60 provided DC power of a generator 65 converts into a grid-compatible AC voltage and fed in a network 100 via a network output 1 10.
- the generator voltage at an input capacitance 61 is first boosted by a step-up converter 20 to a first intermediate circuit voltage of a first intermediate circuit 50. From there, the DC link voltage via an RF bridge 30 in a high-frequency
- Network bridge 40 the output side has a line filter 90, via a Mains output 1 10 is fed into a connected mains 100 as a line-compatible AC voltage.
- the boost converter 20 comprises a first switch 70, which is arranged parallel to a second switch 71. In this way, a current is split across the first and second switches when both switches are clocked together, whereby each of the switches 70, 71 is loaded less and the
- the two switches are of different types, in particular the first switch 70 may be a MOSFET and the second switch 71 may be an IGBT.
- the HF bridge 30 is designed as an H-bridge in FIG. 1, but can also be realized as a half-bridge.
- the intermediate circuit 50 is preferably designed as a divided intermediate circuit with two DC link capacitors.
- Resonance frequency determined.
- the resonant capacitance 31 and the leakage inductance can be arranged to the RF transformer 35 here either primary or secondary side.
- network bridge 40 is shown in Figure 1 as H-bridge, although the
- a person skilled in the art knows that a multiplicity of further topologies is likewise suitable for converting the DC voltage of the second intermediate circuit 51 into an AC voltage for feeding into the network 100. It is also easy to deduce for the skilled person, but not shown that instead of a network bridge 40 for single-phase feed and a network bridge for feeding into a drei- or
- multi-phase network can be used.
- FIG. 2 shows a control device for controlling the inverter 10.
- the control device comprises a load limiter 210, which is divided into several modules 21 1, 212, 213 in this example. Each module 21 1, 212, 213 is assigned its own detection unit 200, can be detected and quantified via the measured variables of the inverter 10 for further processing, and then transmitted to the corresponding load limiter module.
- a first measured variable which contains information about the temperature of the network bridge 40 or is representative thereof, is supplied via a first signal line 250 to the detection unit 200 of the first module 21 1.
- a second measured variable with information about the current converter power passes via a second signal line 240 to the detection unit 200 of the first module 21 1.
- Load limiter 210 generates from this a first limiting value, which is transmitted via a signal line 310 to a drive circuit 220.
- Limiting value here can correspond to a limit value of the converter power, at which a reduction takes place.
- Signal line 260 and a fourth signal line 270 detected and quantified.
- the second module 212 determines a second limit value, which is transmitted to the drive circuit 220 via a signal line 290.
- the first measured variable is likewise transmitted via a branch of the first signal line 250 to the detection unit 200 assigned to the second module 212 and is taken into account in the determination of the second limiting value.
- the limit value can correspond to a limit value for the generator current, at which point the transformer power is to be reduced.
- a third limiting value is transmitted via a signal line 300 to the third module 213, which serves as a selection module for an operating mode of the
- the third limiting value in this case predetermines a threshold value with which a fifth measured variable, which transmits via a fifth signal line 280 to the detection unit 200 assigned to the third module 213 is being compared.
- the fifth measured variable corresponds to a current generator current, and the switching between the operating modes takes place when the generator current exceeds the limit defined by the threshold value.
- the transition can take place in both directions and leads accordingly to a change from the first to the second operating mode or vice versa.
- Operating mode is communicated as a signal via the signal line 320 of the drive circuit 220.
- the third module 213 and the operation mode selection function are optional.
- the drive circuit 220 generates switching signals on the control lines 230a, via which the switches of the network bridge 40 are controlled in such a way that the corresponding limit values are maintained in the inverter operation. If necessary, the converter power is reduced to comply with the limit values. Similarly, on the control lines 230b switching signals to the
- Selection module 213 correspond to certain operating mode, on the other hand, as described above ensure compliance with the limit values.
- the drive circuit 220 can generate further switching signals for further switches of the inverter 10, taking into account the limiting values, for example for the switches of the HF bridge 30, if present.
- Measured variables are assigned to the modules in a different way or are shared by several modules used to further increase the reliability of the monitoring, or to initiate a reduction in the converter power only when the maximum load level of a functional area, in particular the maximum temperature of a switch, is reached.
- control device can be constructed in a non-modular manner, and only one detection unit 200, via which all measured variables are detected and quantified, as well as a load limiter 210 to which the detection unit 200 is connected for transmitting the measured quantities. Accordingly, the downshifting of the inverter 10 in this case is implemented by the load limiter 210 in conjunction with the drive circuit.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011007929.7A DE102011007929B4 (de) | 2011-01-03 | 2011-01-03 | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Wechselrichters und Steuereinrichtung |
| PCT/EP2011/074006 WO2012093049A2 (de) | 2011-01-03 | 2011-12-23 | Verfahren zum betrieb eines wechselrichters und steuereinrichtung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2661808A2 true EP2661808A2 (de) | 2013-11-13 |
Family
ID=45470545
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11807694.2A Withdrawn EP2661808A2 (de) | 2011-01-03 | 2011-12-23 | Verfahren zum betrieb eines wechselrichters und steuereinrichtung |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9203324B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2661808A2 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP6159257B2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN103314518B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102011007929B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2012093049A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013114271B4 (de) | 2013-12-18 | 2023-01-12 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Wechselrichter und verfahren zum betrieb eines wechselrichters |
| CN106208638A (zh) * | 2015-04-30 | 2016-12-07 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | 电能转换装置及相应的电能管理连接系统 |
| JP7577507B2 (ja) * | 2020-10-22 | 2024-11-05 | 株式会社東芝 | 電力変換装置 |
| CN116505779A (zh) * | 2023-05-17 | 2023-07-28 | 江苏科曜能源科技有限公司 | 一种单相储能装置 |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001169401A (ja) * | 1999-12-02 | 2001-06-22 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 電気自動車の制御装置 |
| US6603672B1 (en) * | 2000-11-10 | 2003-08-05 | Ballard Power Systems Corporation | Power converter system |
| AT411946B (de) * | 2001-03-09 | 2004-07-26 | Fronius Schweissmasch Prod | Verfahren zum regeln eines wechselrichtersystems |
| AU2002350428A1 (en) * | 2001-11-23 | 2003-06-10 | Danfoss Drives A/S | Frequency converter for different mains voltages |
| JP4217644B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-23 | 2009-02-04 | キヤノン株式会社 | 発電システム、発電システムの管理装置及び管理方法 |
| JP2006025493A (ja) * | 2004-07-06 | 2006-01-26 | Toyota Motor Corp | 電力変換装置およびその電流制限方法 |
| JP4839780B2 (ja) * | 2004-12-28 | 2011-12-21 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | モータ制御装置および車両 |
| DE102005023291A1 (de) * | 2005-05-20 | 2006-11-23 | Sma Technologie Ag | Wechselrichter |
| KR101205279B1 (ko) * | 2006-03-23 | 2012-11-27 | 엔페이즈 에너지, 인코포레이티드 | 직류를 교류로 변환하는 방법 및 장치 |
| KR101395890B1 (ko) * | 2007-10-18 | 2014-05-15 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 공기조화기의 전동기 제어장치 및 그 제어 방법 |
| DE102007050228B4 (de) * | 2007-10-20 | 2017-07-06 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Optimierung des Übertragungsverhaltens eines leistungselektronischen Systems |
| JP2009284640A (ja) * | 2008-05-21 | 2009-12-03 | Toyota Motor Corp | 半導体素子駆動装置及び電圧変換装置 |
| JP2010004682A (ja) * | 2008-06-20 | 2010-01-07 | Fuji Electric Systems Co Ltd | スイッチング素子の駆動方法 |
| CN101795080A (zh) * | 2010-03-03 | 2010-08-04 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | 一种配电用三相电力电子变压器 |
| US8625243B2 (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2014-01-07 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Multi-functional solid state power controller |
-
2011
- 2011-01-03 DE DE102011007929.7A patent/DE102011007929B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-12-23 WO PCT/EP2011/074006 patent/WO2012093049A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2011-12-23 EP EP11807694.2A patent/EP2661808A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-12-23 JP JP2013546692A patent/JP6159257B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-12-23 CN CN201180063951.8A patent/CN103314518B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-07-03 US US13/934,427 patent/US9203324B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20130301315A1 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
| WO2012093049A3 (de) | 2012-10-26 |
| JP6159257B2 (ja) | 2017-07-05 |
| WO2012093049A2 (de) | 2012-07-12 |
| CN103314518A (zh) | 2013-09-18 |
| DE102011007929B4 (de) | 2015-06-11 |
| CN103314518B (zh) | 2015-12-09 |
| DE102011007929A1 (de) | 2012-07-05 |
| JP2014501484A (ja) | 2014-01-20 |
| US9203324B2 (en) | 2015-12-01 |
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