EP2660555B1 - Verfahren zur Ablösung eines Monolithen aus einem Felsenmassiv und Vorrichtung zur Anwendung des Verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Ablösung eines Monolithen aus einem Felsenmassiv und Vorrichtung zur Anwendung des Verfahrens Download PDF

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EP2660555B1
EP2660555B1 EP13460026.1A EP13460026A EP2660555B1 EP 2660555 B1 EP2660555 B1 EP 2660555B1 EP 13460026 A EP13460026 A EP 13460026A EP 2660555 B1 EP2660555 B1 EP 2660555B1
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Prior art keywords
mixture
holes
gas
massif
monolith
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French (fr)
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EP2660555A3 (de
EP2660555A2 (de
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Rostyslav Zrobok
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Cebar - Dg Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia
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Cebar - Dg Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B29/00—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate
    • C06B29/02—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate of an alkali metal
    • C06B29/08—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate of an alkali metal with an organic non-explosive or an organic non-thermic component
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B29/00—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate
    • C06B29/02—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate of an alkali metal
    • C06B29/04—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate of an alkali metal with an inorganic non-explosive or an inorganic non-thermic component
    • C06B29/06—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate of an alkali metal with an inorganic non-explosive or an inorganic non-thermic component the component being a cyanide; the component being an oxide of iron, chromium or manganese
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
    • F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a method of detaching a monolith from rock massif with diverse compactness and dividing monoliths into sections and blocks, especially in seismically sensitive regions, as well as splitting concrete blocks, and a gas-generating device for application of the method, designed mainly to be used in work related to preparation of investment in seismically sensitive regions, especially in liquidation of effects of cavings, landslides, mudslides, and effects of extraordinary events caused by e.g. an earthquake, or loosening rocks as a result of roadwork excavations made in close vicinity of building structures.
  • the method of extracting slab stone consisting in drilling shot holes in rock locating in such holes properly prepared charges of explosive materials provided with means causing their ignition and slow combustion at increasing pressure, resulting in generation of gas and chipping rock blocks off the rock massif.
  • the used explosives include charges made based on fulminating mercury (mercury fulminate) and lead nitride, and in the case of a stretch-type action, charges made based on penthrite, trinitrotoluene, and ammonium nitrate are used, however these are materials showing low resistance to humidity and temperature which results in significant degradation their shooting properties.
  • Ukrainian paten description No. UA13373 is the method of chipping off rock blocks or artificial construction objects that consists in drilling shot holes in rock or artificial construction objects, preparation of charges equipped with means initiating ignition, installing the equipped charges in shot holes, connecting the means initiating ignition with the device starting ignition of the charges, activation of the means initiating ignition with further deflagration of the charges resulting in chipping off the rock block with simultaneous movement of the block along its lower surface in the course of generation of gases as a result of combustion of the chemical compound of the charge in the closed space of shot holes.
  • shot holes designed for installing properly equipped charges have length of at least 0.8 m, and the charges are located on the bottom of each of the holes and situated at equal distances from each other or in parallel in several rows at one level, whereas in the holes placed is a gas-generating ternary chemical mixture composed of crystalline oxidizer, a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons, and powdered modifier of the slow burning process (deflagration), and thereafter the means causing ignition are installed and connected by means of electric circuits with a device initiating detonation of the charge, resulting in ignition of the mixture.
  • the shot holes instrumented this way are sealed from the top side with a layer of sand and clay or other material allowing to close the holes tightly, after which the ternary charge is ignited and burned at increasing pressure leading to detonation of said shot holes and generation of large amounts of gases along the walls of the shot holes and chipping off the rock or artificial construction objects along the whole surface of the released shot holes.
  • This allows for effective extraction of slab stone from rock or demolishing artificial construction objects not allowing to origination of micro-cracks or partial fracturing of stone both in the block chipped off and in the whole massif.
  • Ukrainian patent description No. UA 13372 which forms the starting point for the preambles of claims 1 and 6, is a device for chipping off rock or demolishing artificial construction objects comprising a polymer cylindrical casing closed with plugs on both sides with ternary chemical mixture places inside capable to produce gases with high temperature and pressure under the influence of external factors, and moreover comprising the means initiating ignition of the mixture, having direct contact with said mixture and connected with a source of direct electric current by means of electric wires, whereas the chemical mixture contains a crystalline oxidant, liquid mixture of hydrocarbons, and powder modifier of the burning process in proportions as (69.99-89.99) : (30-10) : (001).
  • the objective of the present invention is to develop such a method for detaching a monolith from rock massif with diverse compactness and in different geological conditions characterizing the massif and dividing the monolith into sections and blocks that would allow for detaching and dividing with omitting both the process of detonation of chemical charges in drilled holes and generation of the deflagration occurring at high linear velocity by the charges.
  • a further objective of the invention is to develop a simple and compact design of the device for application of the above method, provided with a technical means allowing to ignite quickly the surrounding chemical mixture generating gas with pressure amounting to about 100 MPa that would ensure absolute safety in the course of its storage and transport.
  • the method of detaching a monolith from rock massif with diverse compactness and separating monoliths into sections and blocks, especially in seismically sensitive regions, as well as splitting concrete blocks consists in that depending on length and volume of monolith to be detached from rock massif or concrete block, shot holes are drilled in them with identical diameter ranging from 25 mm to 75 mm, identical distance between them ranging from 10 cm to 25 cm, identical distance of the outermost holes from the main founded edge ranging from 10 cm to 15 cm, and identical distance from lower plane of the monolith to be detached ranging from 10 to 20 cm, after which, depending on diameter and number of the drilled holes, the same number is prepared of identical gas-generating devices having their casings, made preferably of polyethylene, adapted to diameter and height of the holes.
  • the devices are equipped with initiating device provided with pyrotechnic igniter equipped with electric wires, with said igniter being surrounded with a binary mixture containing 88-105 parts by weight of sodium chlorate (NaClO 3 ) and 0.8-1.5 parts by weight of iron oxide functioning as a catalyst of burning, and then, 7.8-13.5 parts by weight of fuel oil for diesel engines is injected to the mixture using any commonly known method.
  • initiating device provided with pyrotechnic igniter equipped with electric wires, with said igniter being surrounded with a binary mixture containing 88-105 parts by weight of sodium chlorate (NaClO 3 ) and 0.8-1.5 parts by weight of iron oxide functioning as a catalyst of burning, and then, 7.8-13.5 parts by weight of fuel oil for diesel engines is injected to the mixture using any commonly known method.
  • the gas-generating devices prepared this way and tightly closed are placed, depending on height of shot holes, in at least one row on bottoms of the holes so that their electric wires protrude over surface of the monolith to be detached, and then further commonly known operations are carried out relating to sealing the holes with clay, sand, or mixture of clay and sand, and ignition of the ternary mixture initiated by initiating devices, generating heat and gas with pressure amounting to 95-105 MPa, causing detachment of monolith from rock massif or avalanche massif or splitting the concrete block.
  • the density of the ternary mixture is favorably 2.0-2.5 g/cm 3 , and depending on mass of sodium chlorate contained in the ternary mixture of the gas-generating device designed to be located in the drilled hole, the time of saturating the binary mixture with fuel oil is 30-90 minutes. It is also preferable that in order to detach a monolith from the rock massif, the gas-generating device contains 60-120 g/m 3 of ternary chemical mixture per each cubic meter of the winning depending on its type, preferably 100 g per m 3 of the winning. Moreover, according to the invention, depending on type and volume of the detached massif, holes are drilled with height of 0.7-5 m, and gas-generating devices are located at one, two, or three levels, preferably at the same distance with respect to each other.
  • the essence of the gas-generating device to be used for detaching monolith from rock massif with diverse compactness and separating monoliths into sections and blocks, used especially in seismically sensitive regions, as well as for splitting concrete blocks consists in that in the course of storage and transport, the device has in its polymer casing a coaxially placed initiating device provided with pyrotechnic igniter surrounded along the whole of its length with binary chemical mixture containing 88-105 parts by weight of sodium chlorate (NaClO 3 ) and 0.8-1.5 parts by weight of iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), and further, the device is accompanied by a loosely attached container filled with fuel oil for diesel engines constituting the third component of the mixture in the amount of 7.8-13.5 parts by weight of the total mass of this ternary chemical mixture.
  • a coaxially placed initiating device provided with pyrotechnic igniter surrounded along the whole of its length with binary chemical mixture containing 88-105 parts by weight of sodium chlorate (NaClO 3 ) and 0.8-
  • the initiating device in the state designed to start operation of the device, its initiating device is surrounded with ternary chemical mixture containing sodium chlorate, iron oxide, and oil for diesel engines in the weight proportion as (88 - 105): (0.8-1.5) : (7.8-13.5), whereas the initiating device is made of elastic tape provided with longitudinally cotton threads situated on it, saturated with flammable substance and connected on one end with pyrotechnic igniter provided with electric wires protruding outside, whereas the tape is rolled into the form of an inseparable sleeve.
  • the component completing the binary mixture composed of sodium chlorate (NaClO 3 ) and iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) is preferably the petroleum.
  • application of the method and device according to the invention causes the increasing gas pressure generated from combustion of intentionally composed ternary chemical mixture and amounting to about 100 MPa which results in cracking and breaking the rock medium along the straight line connecting the drilled shot holes, and the excess of the pressure throws aside a definite volume of the rock material without allowing fragments to be scattered.
  • pressure obtained from gas-generating devices according to the invention reaches much less values than in processes used according to the prior art, which results in reduction of the stone cracking zone, less scattering of fragments, and significant decrease or elimination of interaction of paraseismic waves inducting vibrations of building structures.
  • the initiating device rolled out of a tape provided with cotton threads situated along the whole length of the device and saturated with a flammable material in the gas-generating devices allowed for fast ignition of the ternary chemical mixture surrounding the initiating device and thus for significant reduction of its operating time.
  • a simple design of the device has facilitated significantly the process of its fabrication and allowed to reduce the manufacturing costs.
  • Fig. 1 shows an outline of a rock massif with shot holes drilled in it in the perspective view
  • Fig. 2 an outline of a rock massif with shot holes drilled in it and gas-generating devices placed in the holes at one level on bottoms of the holes in the perspective view
  • Fig. 3 an outline of a rock massif with shot holes drilled in it and gas-generating devices placed in the holes at two levels in the perspective view
  • Fig. 4 an outline of a rock massif with shot holes drilled in it and gas-generating devices placed in the holes at three levels in the perspective view
  • FIG. 5 the gas-generating device in the form of cylindrical sleeve closed tightly on both ends by means of plugs in axial cross-section designed for storage and transport;
  • Fig. 6 the gas-generating device in the form of a cylinder provided with bottom, closed on the opposite side tightly with a plug in axial cross-section, also designed for storage and transport;
  • Fig. 7 the device initiating ignition of the ternary chemical mixture and constituting equipment of both gas-generating devices, in the developed state with its inner surface visible;
  • Fig. 8 the container constituting additional equipment of gas-generating devices shown in Figs. 5 and 6 containing fuel for diesel engines making the third component of the chemical mixture contained in the device.
  • the gas-generating device (8') prepared this way was placed at the same level (21) on bottoms of drilled holes (3) so that the electric wires (17) of initiating devices (11) protruded outside the holes, and the holes were filled and sealed with damp clay-sand mass (24).
  • the electric wires were connected by means of the commonly known method with a source of electric current, as a result of which the pyrotechnic igniters (16) gas-generating devices (8') were activated that by means of their initiating devices (11) caused initiation of burning of the ternary chemical mixture (12') contained in these devices, generation of heat, and instantaneous burning of this ternary mixture that in the process of burning was transformed into gas with pressure amounting to 95 MPa that as a result of acting of so high pressure, transformed the sand with clay (24) placed in holes (3) into a very hard substance that prevented the gas from getting out from these holes.
  • gas-generating devices (8') were closed tightly with plugs (10), and then the devices prepared this way were placed at the same lower level (21), i.e. on bottoms of all of the holes (3).
  • the holes were filled with damp sealing clay mass (24), and the mass was compacted so that it filled holes up to height (H1) making about a half of their total height (H), and on the compacted mass in every second hole (3) identical gas-generating devices (8') were placed so that they were at the same level (22), whereas all electric wires (17) of initiating devices (11) were led out over the outer surface of the detached massif (1), and upper ends of the holes at height (H2) were filled and compacted with the same damp clay mass (24).
  • the electric wires (17) were connected by means of the commonly known method with a source of electric current, as a result of which the pyrotechnic igniters (16) of the gas-generating devices (8') were activated resulting in further detaching action analogous to this presented in Example 1, whereas in this case the process of combustion of the ternary chemical mixture (12') resulted in its transformation into gas pressure of which amounted to 105 MPa.
  • gas-generating devices (8') prepared this way were tightly closed with plugs (10), and then placed at the second level (22) made of compacted sand-clay mass (24) and filled up to the height (H2) of holes (3) with the same damp sand-clay mass (24) tightly compacted and creating the same level (23) on which further analogous gas-generating devices (8') were placed as those at the level (22), and the holes were also completely filled with the same damp sealing mass (24) up to the whole remaining height (H3) of holes (3) making also about 1/3 of their whole height (H), whereas all electric wires (17) of initiating devices (11) were led out over the external surface of the detached block (1).
  • the gas-generating device comprises a sleeve casing (9) with diameter of 25 mm made of polyethylene, closed tightly on both sides with plugs (10) also made of polyethylene, the initiating device (11) located concentrically in said casing (11), and the binary chemical mixture (12) surrounding said device composed of 89 g of sodium chlorate (NaClO 3 ) and 1.0 g of iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), functioning as a catalyst of burning, whereas the initiating device constitutes an elastic tape (13) rolled into a form of a sleeve and having on its surface (14) longitudinally situated cotton threads (15) saturated with flammable material, connected with pyrotechnic igniter (16) provided with electric wires (17) used for connecting the device to a source of electric current, not shown in the figure, whereas ends of the elastic tape (13) rolled into a sleeve are permanently glued to each other.
  • equipment of this device includes a loosely attached container (18) containing fuel oil (19) for diesel engines or petroleum.
  • the gas-generating device (8) comprises the monolithic cylindrical casing (20) with bottom (20') closed tightly on one end by means of plug (10) which is also made of polyethylene, the initiating device (11) located concentrically in said casing, and the binary chemical mixture (12) surrounding said device and composed of 88 g of sodium chlorate (NaClO 3 ) and 0.8 g of iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), whereas the initiating device (11) has design identical to this described in Example 4, whereas an integral part of device is the container (18) containing fuel oil (19) that immediately before placing the device in drilled hole (3) is being injected, in amount of 11.2 g, into the device in order to complete the binary mixture contained therein, thus creating ternary mixture in proportion as 88 : 0.8 : 11.2.
  • gas-generating devices (8') were constructed designed for placing them in drilled shot holes (3), with their construction analogous to this described in Example 4, but with different chemical compositions of the ternary mixture, namely containing: 91 g of technically pure sodium chlorate, 1.2 g of iron oxide, and 7.8 g of oil fuel in overall proportion as 91 : 1.2 : 7.8

Claims (9)

  1. Das Verfahren zum Lösen des Monoliths vom Felsenmassiv mit der verschiedenen Bündigkeit und zur Aufteilung der Monolithen in Sektionen und Blöcke, insbesondere in den seismisch sensiblen Gebieten, wie auch zur Aufspaltung der Betonblöcke, bestehend in der Bohrung von Schußlöchern (3) in solchem Massiv (2) oder Betonblock (1), die in einer Reihe und mit der gleichen Tiefe oder parallel in einigen Reihen auf einer Ebene angeordnet sind, in der Vorbereitung der Ladungen, ausgestattet mit den Mitteln, welche ihre Anzündung verursachen, in der Installierung dieser Ladungen in den genannten Löchern (3), in der Abdichtung der Löcher mit Lehm, Sand oder deren Mischung und in der Verbindung der Mittel, welche die Anzündung dieser Ladungen und deren Verbrennung verursachen, infolgedessen die Abspaltung des Monoliths vom Felsenmassiv erfolgt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass je nach der Länge und Volumen des zu lösenden Monoliths (1) vom Felsenmassiv (2) oder Betonblock (1) die Schußlöcher (3) mit dem gleichen Durchmesser d = 25-75 mm, gleichem Abstand c = 10-25 cm dazwischen und gleichem Abstand e = 10-15 cm der äußersten Löcher (4) vom Rand (5 und 6) des Hauptmassivs (2) und gleichem Abstand k = 10-20 cm von der unteren Fläche (7) des zu lösenden Monoliths (1) gebohrt werden, danach je nach dem Durchmesser (d) der Löcher (3) und deren Menge die gleiche Anzahl der identischen gaserzeugenden Vorrichtungen (8) gewählt wird, welche die Gehäuse besitzen, vorzugsweise aus Polyethylen, an Durchmesser und Höhe dieser Löcher angepasst, mit der Auslösevorrichtung (11) ausgerüstet, mit dem pyrotechnischen Zünder (16) ausgestattet, mit elektrischen Leistungen (17) ausgerüstet, die mit dem Zweistoffgemisch (12) umgeben ist, das 88-105 Gewichtsteile von Natriumchlorat und 0,8-1,5 Gewichtsteile von Eisenoxid enthält, das als Katalysator zur Verbrennung dient, danach 7,8-13,5 Gewichtsteile von Dieselöl für die Dieselmotoren (19) zu diesem Gemisch nach dem bekannten Verfahren eingespritzt werden und so vorbereitete und dicht abgeschlossene gaserzeugende Vorrichtung (8') je nach der Höhe (H) der Schußlöcher (3), in mindestens einer Reihe auf den Böden dieser Löcher angeordnet wird, so dass deren elektrische Leitungen (17) über die Fläche des zu lösenden Monoliths herausragen und danach weitere, allgemein bekannte Tätigkeiten ausgeführt werden, verbunden mit der Abdichtung der Löcher mit Lehm, Sand oder deren Gemisch und der Anzündung dieses Dreistoffgemisches von der Auslösevorrichtung (11) ausgelöst, welches Wärme und Gas mit dem Druck von 95-105 MPa erzeugt, der das Lösen des Monoliths (1) vom Felsenmassiv (2) oder vom Lawinenmassiv oder Aufspaltung des Betonblocks (1) verursacht.
  2. Das Verfahren nach dem Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichte des Dreistoffgemisches (12') 2,0-2,5g/cm3 betragen sollte.
  3. Das Verfahren nach dem Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass je nach der Masse von Natriumchlorat, die in diesem Dreistoffgemisch enthalten ist, die Sättigungszeit von Zweistoffgemisch der gaserzeugenden Vorrichtung (8) mit Dieselöl 30-90 Minuten beträgt.
  4. Das Verfahren nach dem Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für das Lösen des Monoliths (1) vom Felsenmassiv (2) die gaserzeugende Vorrichtung 60-120 g dieses chemischen Dreistoffgemisches je Kubikmeter des Förderguts je nach seinem Typ, vorzugsweise 100 g je Kubikmeter des Förderguts enthalten soll.
  5. Das Verfahren nach dem Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass je nach dem Typ und Volumen des gelösten Massivs (1) die Löcher mit der Höhe von H = 0,7-5 m gebohrt werden und die gaserzeugenden Vorrichtungen (8') auf einer, zwei oder drei Ebenen (21, 22 und 23) angeordnet werden.
  6. Die gaserzeugende Vorrichtung zum Lösen des Monoliths vom Felsenmassiv mit der verschiedenen Bündigkeit und zur Aufteilung der Monolithen in Sektionen und Blöcke, zum Einsatz insbesondere in den seismisch sensiblen Gebieten, wie auch zur Aufspaltung der Betonblöcke, bestehend aus zylindrischem Gehäuse (9) aus Polymer und an beiden Seiten mittels Stopfen (10) dicht abgeschlossen, mit dem darin befindlichen leicht brennbaren chemischen Gemisch, das infolge seiner Verbrennung die Gase mit hoher Temperatur und Druck erzeugt und dieses Gemisch in direktem Kontakt mit dem Auslösemittel bleibt, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass während ihrer Aufbewahrung und Beförderung, in ihrem Polymergehäuse (9) die Auslösevorrichtung (11) axial angeordnet ist, mit dem pyrotechnischen Zünder ausgerüstet und über die gesamte Länge mit dem chemischen Zweistoffgemisch umgeben, das 88-105 Gewichtsteile von Natriumchlorat und 0,8-1,5 Gewichtsteile von Eisenoxid enthält und diese Vorrichtung von locker angeschlossenem Behälter (18) begleitet wird, der das Dieselöl (19) für die Dieselmotoren enthält, das den dritten Bestandteil dieses chemischen Gemisches in der Menge von 7,8-13,5 Gewichtsteilen der Gesamtmasse dieses chemischen Dreistoffgemisches (12') bildet.
  7. Die Vorrichtung nach dem Anspruch 6 gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass im Zustand, der zur Aufnahme ihres Betriebs vorgesehen ist, die Auslösevorrichtung (11), welche ihre Ausstattung bildet, mit dem chemischen Dreistoffgemisch (12') umgeben ist, das Natriumchlorat, Eisenoxid und Dieselöl (19) für die Dieselmotoren in einem Gewichtsverhältnis zu der Gesamtmasse mit dem Anteil von (88-105) enthält: (0,8-1,5) : (7,8-13,5):
  8. Die Vorrichtung nach dem Anspruch 6 gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass ihre Auslösevorrichtung (11) ein elastisches Band (13) bildet, das mit den längst am Band angeordneten Baumwollfäden (15) ausgestattet ist, die mit der brennbaren Substanz getränkt und an einem Ende mit dem pyrotechnischen Zünder (16) verbunden sind, der mit nach außen ausragenden elektrischen Leitungen (17) ausgestattet ist, wobei das Band in der Form der untrennbaren Hülse gewickelt ist.
  9. Die Vorrichtung nach dem Anspruch 6 gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass eine Komponente, welche das Zweistoffgemisch, das aus Natriumchlorat und Eisenoxid besteht, ergänzt, das Erdöl bildet.
EP13460026.1A 2012-05-04 2013-05-02 Verfahren zur Ablösung eines Monolithen aus einem Felsenmassiv und Vorrichtung zur Anwendung des Verfahrens Active EP2660555B1 (de)

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PL399097A PL222015B1 (pl) 2012-05-04 2012-05-04 Sposób odspajania monolitu od masywu skalnego o zróżnicowanej zwięzłości i rozdzielania monolitów na sekcje i bloki, zwłaszcza w terenach wrażliwych sejsmicznie oraz rozłupywania bloków betonowych i urządzenie gazogenerujące do stosowania tego sposobu

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CN107144192B (zh) * 2017-06-16 2018-08-14 西安科技大学 一种抛掷爆破智能施工方法
CN108506040A (zh) * 2018-03-06 2018-09-07 北京科技大学 一种基于二氧化碳致裂的深部高应力巷道卸压方法
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US598096A (en) * 1898-02-01 Theodor ieylev
DE32911C (de) * R. HAN-NAN in Glasgow; Vertreter : J. H. F. PRILLWITZ in Berlin NW., Albrechtstr. 20 Neuerung bei der Herstellung eines aus Salpeter, chlorsaurem Kalium, Kohle und Blutlaugensalz bestehenden Sprengstoffes
UA13372U (en) * 2005-12-05 2006-03-15 Rostyslav Borysovych Zrobok The appliance for breaking-off rocks or for destruction of man-made building objects
UA13373U (en) * 2005-12-05 2006-03-15 Rostyslav Borysovych Zrobok Method for breaking-off rocks or man-made building objects

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PL399097A1 (pl) 2013-11-12
RS54633B1 (en) 2016-08-31
EP2660555A3 (de) 2014-10-08
SK288386B6 (sk) 2016-08-01
PL222015B1 (pl) 2016-06-30
SK500342012A3 (sk) 2014-06-03
ES2564515T3 (es) 2016-03-23
HRP20160277T1 (hr) 2016-04-08
EP2660555A2 (de) 2013-11-06

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