EP2656366A1 - Star-delta wiring, in particular for a protective circuit on a mounting plate - Google Patents

Star-delta wiring, in particular for a protective circuit on a mounting plate

Info

Publication number
EP2656366A1
EP2656366A1 EP12718170.9A EP12718170A EP2656366A1 EP 2656366 A1 EP2656366 A1 EP 2656366A1 EP 12718170 A EP12718170 A EP 12718170A EP 2656366 A1 EP2656366 A1 EP 2656366A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mounting plate
star
delta wiring
delta
contactor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12718170.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2656366B1 (en
Inventor
Martin Bodenmeier
Daniel Hänsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2656366A1 publication Critical patent/EP2656366A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2656366B1 publication Critical patent/EP2656366B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/005—Inversing contactors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/02—Bases; Casings; Covers
    • H01H50/04—Mounting complete relay or separate parts of relay on a base or inside a case
    • H01H50/047—Details concerning mounting a relays

Definitions

  • Star-delta wiring in particular for a contactor circuit on a mounting plate
  • the invention relates to a star-delta wiring, in particular for a contactor circuit, which is arranged on a mounting plate.
  • a mounting plate for egg ⁇ nen insert a low-voltage switchgear shows, which is formed of sheet metal. This consists of two ein Communityi ⁇ gene sections, which are divided by two bending lines.
  • the first portion later forms the front, currency rend the second portion, the back side of the mounting side is ⁇ represents.
  • the mounting plate consists of arranged on the sides support surfaces for cable guides and from a bottom side arranged fixing tongue for fixing on the insertion tray, wherein the support surfaces and the Befeit tion tongue are present on the first section.
  • the assembly ⁇ plate is provided with lateral cuts, which are subsequently provided for the passage of cables.
  • the second section is provided with fastening straps that are riveted to the shelf. Holes for mounting the devices and other mounting parts are already pre-punched on the mounting plate.
  • the bending lines are provided with vibration zones in the form of slots to allow folding without the aid of tools.
  • drawers having a plurality of fastening tongues and fasten ⁇ actuation tabs. Approximately in the middle area of the sheet metal bend there is a quadrangular outbreak, which also serves for the passage of pipes. On the unfolded mounting plate, first the devices are screwed down.
  • the mounting plate with a switchgear combination consisting of a motor protection switch, a current limiter and auxiliary switches, a nem switching machine and a current transformer is equipped, the switchgear assembly on the first section and the automatic switch and the current transformer is arranged on the second section.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a star-delta wiring on a universal, aligned for different assemblies mounting plate, which also allows easy handling.
  • this object is achieved by a star-delta wiring, in particular for a contactor circuit, which is arranged on a mounting plate.
  • the invention is characterized in that the mounting plate
  • Plastic is made.
  • the plastic mounting plate according to the invention is designed such that all mögli ⁇ chen variants of star-delta wiring can be constructed on it.
  • an extension part is injected, which easily separated if necessary, to the Mounting plate attached from the back and can be used for example for the attachment of a time relay.
  • Star contactor of a star-delta wiring one size smaller than the mains and delta contactor. If, in this case, the star contactor with the delta contactor is to be mechanically locked, the coupling points for the mechanical interlock are not at the same level. In this case, a new mechanical lock would have to be developed. By using another molded attachment, the smaller star contactor is raised so that the same mechanical interlock can be used as in a three-contact shooter setup.
  • the shooter screwed with self-tapping plastic screws on the mounting plate who ⁇ If, after repeated replacement of the contactors, the plastic screw in the mounting plate can no longer be held, a metric nut can be pressed from behind into a designated contour and the device can be screwed on using a standard metric standard screw.
  • the mounting plate according to the invention is preferably rectangular and has four side edges, wherein each two side edges are parallel to each other and the second parallel to each other arranged side edge pair are preferably at 90 ° angle.
  • through holes or recesses are provided in each case in the corners of the mounting plate, which allow the final assembly of the complete unit from a star-delta wiring with shooters and a mounting plate, for example in a switch ⁇ cabinet or the like.
  • Distributed over the mounting plate several small holes are arranged, which serve as mounting options for the various star-triangle structures.
  • On one of the side edges also a molded, breakable extension part can be provided, which is required for a construction with time relay.
  • This Extension C ⁇ inferring section is preferably the length of the side edge accordingly, to which it is attached, is formed, and also has a plurality of bores, which serve as mounting possibilities, for example, a time relay.
  • the extension ⁇ tion part may for example be attached via a connecting web or a plurality of connecting webs on the mounting plate, wherein the connecting webs are formed from ⁇ such that they allow easy separation of the extension ⁇ tion part of the mounting plate.
  • the extension part also has at least one connection element which serves to connect the extension part fixedly to the mounting plate, for example by being caught, snapped on, plugged on, etc.
  • connection element preferably has a bulged end region, which is connected to the extension part via a guide web.
  • the bulbous end region of the connecting element engages in recesses provided for this purpose in the side edge of the mounting plate.
  • an on ⁇ sprayed breakaway additional part preferably centrally, incorporated, which is provided for the height compensation when using a smaller star contactor.
  • This additional part is attached via at least one connecting web, preferably via a plurality of connecting webs on the mounting plate, wherein the connecting webs are madebil ⁇ det, that they allow easy separation of the additional part of the mounting plate.
  • the additional part can be thrown away in a structure with three equal shooters.
  • the additional part is on the mounting plate plugged so that the smaller star contactor can be screwed on and also the height distance can be compensated for engagement of the turning lock.
  • the additional part is preferably designed cuboid and has at least one bore to secure a smaller star contactor to the mounting plate.
  • the switching devices are screwed on with self-tapping plastic screws.
  • a nut can be pressed into a hexagonal housing shape and the switching device can be screwed on with a metric screw.
  • Star-delta wiring with contactors on a mounting plate is characterized by the fact that the mounting plate can be used universally for superstructures of various sizes.
  • the mounting plate according to the invention not only leads to a variant reduction in terms of required mounting plates for different structures, but also to a use of the same Wendeverriegel Institute when building with three equal shooters and the construction with a smaller star contactor. Further advantages and embodiments of the invention will be explained below with reference to embodiments and with reference to the drawing. Here are shown schematically:
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a mounting plate according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the mounting plate with infected extension part.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the mounting plate with infected extension and additional part.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a structure of three equal shooters on a mounting plate according to the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of a structure of two equal shooters with a smaller star contactor on a mounting plate according to the invention.
  • 6 is a planar plan view of a structure of two equal shooters with a smaller star contactor on a mounting plate according to the invention
  • 7 is a perspective view of a structure of three equal shooters with extension in the form of a timing relay.
  • FIG. 8 shows a sectional view of a construction of a switching device on a mounting plate according to the invention, wherein the fastening is shown via a metric screw with nut.
  • the mounting plate 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a mounting plate 1 according to the invention.
  • the mounting plate 1 according to the invention is preferably rectangular and has four side channels. 2, 3, 4, 5, wherein each two side edges 2, 4 as ⁇ as 3, 5 are parallel to each other.
  • Preferably through holes 6 or recesses 7 are each provided in the corners of the mounting plate 1, which allow the final assembly of the complete assembly of a star-delta wiring with contactors on the mounting plate 1, for example in a cabinet.
  • a plurality of small holes 8 are arranged, which serve as fastening ⁇ tion possibilities for the various star-triangle constructions.
  • abbrechba ⁇ res extension part 9 may be provided, which beispielswei ⁇ se is needed for a construction with time relay.
  • This ER- extender part 9 is preferably the length of the side edge 3 according to which it is attached, is formed, and also has a plurality of holes 8, serving as Fixed To ⁇ supply options, such as for a time relay.
  • the extension part 9 may, for example dung web 10 or a connects be attached via a plurality of connecting webs 10 to the mounting plate 1, wherein the connection ⁇ webs 10 here are designed such that they 9 of the mounting plate 1 he ⁇ easy separation of the extension part possible.
  • the extension part 9 also has at least one connecting ⁇ element 11, which serves to connect the extension part 9 fixed to the mounting plate 1, for example by locking, snapping, clipping etc ..
  • the presence circuit member 11 preferably has a bulbous out guide ⁇ th End region 12, which is connected via a guide web 13 with the extension part 9.
  • the bulbous end portion 12 of the connecting element 11 engages in Ausneh ⁇ provided measures 14 in the side edge 3 of the mounting plate 1 a.
  • the mounting plate 1 also has a molded, breakable additional part 15, preferably with ⁇ tig incorporated, which is provided for the height compensation in Verwen ⁇ tion of a smaller star contactor.
  • This additional part 15 is attached via at least one connecting web 16, preferably a plurality of connecting webs 16 on the mounting plate 1, wherein the connecting webs 16 are formed ⁇ in such a way that they allow easy separation of the additional part 15 of the mounting plate 1.
  • the additional part 15 can be thrown away in a structure with three equal ⁇ Shen shooter.
  • the additional part 15 is attached to the mounting plate 1, so that the smaller star contactor can be screwed and balanced to ⁇ additionally the height distance for engaging the indexing Ever ranks ⁇ lung can be.
  • the additional part 15 is preferably executed cuboid and has at least one Boh ⁇ tion 17 to attach a smaller star contactor to the mounting plate 1.
  • FIG. 2 is an embodiment of the mounting plate 1 according to the invention with infected extension part 9, shown at ⁇ playing manner for a time relay.
  • the expanded part is dissolved esterification 9 on the mounting plate 1 by breaking the bond bridges Ver ⁇ 10 and fixed by inserting the Ranele ⁇ elements 11 in the appropriate recesses 14 of the side edge 3 to the mounting plate. 1
  • the result is as ⁇ with a surface extension of the mounting plate 1, which uses examples game, for the inclusion of a time relay who can ⁇ .
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the mounting plate 1 with infected extension part 9 and additional part 15.
  • This embodiment shows the case that a structure with a smaller star contactor is provided, so that the additional part 15 can compensate for the height distance for the engagement of the turning lock.
  • the additional part 15 is preferably formed cuboid and has at least the bore 17 to secure a smaller star contactor to the mounting plate 1.
  • Fig. 4 shows a structure of three equal shooters 18 is shown on the mounting plate 1 according to the invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a structure of two equal shooters 18 with a smaller star contactor 19 on the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows the structure according to FIG. 5 in a planar basic view.
  • Fig. 7 shows a structure of three equal shooters 18 with infected extension part 9, on which a Zeitre ⁇ lais 20 is arranged.
  • Fig. 8 shows a structure of a contactor 18 is shown on a mounting plate 1 according to the invention, wherein the attachment via a metric screw 21 with nut 22 takes place.
  • Star-delta wiring with contactors on a mounting plate is characterized by the fact that the mounting plate can be used universally for all constructions of different sizes. This is achieved by a plastic made mounting plate ⁇ , whereby both a weight and a cost savings can be achieved.
  • the invention Monta ⁇ geplatte not only leads to a reduction of variants with regard to the time required for various constructions mounting plate, but also to a use of the same turning Interlocking with three contactors of the same size and with a smaller star contactor.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a star-delta wiring, in particular for a protective circuit that is arranged on a mounting plate (1). The invention is characterized in that the mounting plate (1) is made of plastic.

Description

Beschreibung description
Stern-Dreieck-Verdrahtung, insbesondere für eine Schützschaltung auf einer Montageplatte Star-delta wiring, in particular for a contactor circuit on a mounting plate
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Stern-Dreieck-Verdrahtung, insbesondere für eine Schützschaltung, die auf einer Montageplatte angeordnet ist. Dazu geht aus der DE 195 11 648 AI eine Montageplatte für ei¬ nen Einschub einer Niederspannungsschaltanlage hervor, die aus Blech ausgebildet ist. Diese besteht aus zwei einstücki¬ gen Abschnitten, die durch zwei Biegelinien unterteilt sind. Dabei bildet der erste Abschnitt später die Vorderseite, wäh- rend der zweite Abschnitt die Rückseite der Montageseite dar¬ stellt. Weiterhin besteht die Montageplatte aus an den Seiten angeordneten Stützflächen für Kabelführungen und aus einer bodenseitig angeordneten Befestigungszunge für die Fixierung auf dem Einschubboden, wobei die Stützflächen und die Befes- tigungszunge am ersten Abschnitt vorhanden sind. Die Montage¬ platte ist mit seitlichen Einschnitten versehen, die später zur Durchführung von Kabeln vorgesehen sind. Der zweite Abschnitt ist mit Befestigungslaschen versehen, die mit dem Einschubboden vernietet werden. Auf der Montageplatte sind bereits Löcher für die Befestigung der Geräte und sonstiger Montageteilen vorgestanzt. Die Biegelinien sind mit Schwingungszonen in Form von Schlitzen versehen, um ein Falten ohne Zuhilfenahme von Werkzeugen zu ermöglichen. In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel ist eine Montageplatte für breite Ein- Schübe dargestellt, die mehrere Befestigungszungen und Befes¬ tigungslaschen aufweist. Etwa im mittleren Bereich der Blech- abwinklung ist ein viereckiger Ausbruch vorhanden, der ebenfalls zur Durchführung von Leitungen dient. Auf der ungefalteten Montageplatte werden zunächst die Geräte festgeschraubt. Dabei ist vorgesehen, dass die Montageplatte mit einer Schaltgerätekombination, bestehend aus einem Motor- schutzschalter, einem Strombegrenzer und Hilfsschaltern, ei- nem Schaltautomaten und einem Stromwandler, bestückt ist, wobei die Schaltgerätekombination auf dem ersten Abschnitt und der Schaltautomat und der Stromwandler auf dem zweiten Abschnitt angeordnet ist. The invention relates to a star-delta wiring, in particular for a contactor circuit, which is arranged on a mounting plate. For this purpose, from DE 195 11 648 AI a mounting plate for egg ¬ nen insert a low-voltage switchgear shows, which is formed of sheet metal. This consists of two einstücki ¬ gene sections, which are divided by two bending lines. Here, the first portion later forms the front, currency rend the second portion, the back side of the mounting side is ¬ represents. Furthermore, the mounting plate consists of arranged on the sides support surfaces for cable guides and from a bottom side arranged fixing tongue for fixing on the insertion tray, wherein the support surfaces and the Befeit tion tongue are present on the first section. The assembly ¬ plate is provided with lateral cuts, which are subsequently provided for the passage of cables. The second section is provided with fastening straps that are riveted to the shelf. Holes for mounting the devices and other mounting parts are already pre-punched on the mounting plate. The bending lines are provided with vibration zones in the form of slots to allow folding without the aid of tools. In a further embodiment of a mounting plate for wide input is shown drawers, having a plurality of fastening tongues and fasten ¬ actuation tabs. Approximately in the middle area of the sheet metal bend there is a quadrangular outbreak, which also serves for the passage of pipes. On the unfolded mounting plate, first the devices are screwed down. It is provided that the mounting plate with a switchgear combination consisting of a motor protection switch, a current limiter and auxiliary switches, a nem switching machine and a current transformer is equipped, the switchgear assembly on the first section and the automatic switch and the current transformer is arranged on the second section.
Die bisher aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Lösungen, die sich mit vormontierten Stern-Dreieck-Verdrahtungen beschäftigen, die als kompakte Einheit verpackt und geliefert werden können, werden für größere Baugruppen ab S2 auf Metall- Montageplatten aufgeschraubt. Diese Vorgehensweise führt da¬ zu, dass für jeden Aufbau eine spezielle Montageplatte entwi¬ ckelt werden muss. Darüber hinaus sind die Montageplatten aus Metall sehr schwer, wodurch sowohl beim Montieren im Schaltschrank, als auch beim Transport, Nachteile entstehen. The previously known from the prior art solutions that deal with pre-assembled star-delta wirings that can be packaged and delivered as a compact unit are screwed for larger assemblies from S2 to metal mounting plates. This procedure leads as to ¬ that for every building escape a special mounting plate has to be ¬ oped. In addition, the mounting plates made of metal are very heavy, resulting in both the mounting in the cabinet, as well as during transport, disadvantages.
Demgemäß besteht die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung darin, eine Stern-Dreieck-Verdrahtung auf einer universell, für verschiedene Baugruppen ausgerichteten Montageplatte zu schaffen, die zudem eine einfache Handhabung ermöglicht. Accordingly, the object of the present invention is to provide a star-delta wiring on a universal, aligned for different assemblies mounting plate, which also allows easy handling.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Stern-Dreieck-Verdrahtung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Aus- und Weiterbildungen, welche einzeln oder in Kombination miteinander eingesetzt werden können, sind der Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche. This object is achieved by a star-delta wiring with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and developments, which can be used individually or in combination with each other, are the subject of the dependent claims.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Stern-Dreieck- Verdrahtung, insbesondere für eine Schützschaltung gelöst, die auf einer Montageplatte angeordnet ist. Dabei zeichnet sich die Erfindung dadurch aus, dass die Montageplatte ausAccording to the invention, this object is achieved by a star-delta wiring, in particular for a contactor circuit, which is arranged on a mounting plate. In this case, the invention is characterized in that the mounting plate
Kunststoff gefertigt ist. Die erfindungsgemäße Montageplatte aus Kunststoff ist dabei derart ausgebildet, dass alle mögli¬ chen Varianten von Stern-Dreieck-Verdrahtung darauf aufgebaut werden können. Zusätzlich wird ein Erweiterungsteil ange- spritzt, welches im Bedarfsfall leicht abgetrennt, an die Montageplatte von hinten aufgesteckt und zum Beispiel für die Befestigung eines Zeitrelais verwendet werden kann. Plastic is made. The plastic mounting plate according to the invention is designed such that all mögli ¬ chen variants of star-delta wiring can be constructed on it. In addition, an extension part is injected, which easily separated if necessary, to the Mounting plate attached from the back and can be used for example for the attachment of a time relay.
Bei speziellen Aufbauten kann vorgesehen sein, dass das In special constructions can be provided that the
Sternschütz einer Stern-Dreieck-Verdrahtung eine Baugröße kleiner ist als das Netz- und Dreieckschütz. Soll in diesem Fall nun das Sternschütz mit dem Dreieckschütz mechanisch verriegelt werden, liegen die Ankoppelstellen für die mechanische Verriegelung nicht auf gleicher Höhe. Für diesen Fall müsste eine neue mechanische Verriegelung entwickelt werden. Durch Verwendung eines weiteren angespritzten Zusatzteils wird das kleinere Sternschütz angehoben, so dass die gleiche mechanische Verriegelung, wie bei einem Aufbau mit drei gleich großen Schützen, verwendet werden kann. Star contactor of a star-delta wiring one size smaller than the mains and delta contactor. If, in this case, the star contactor with the delta contactor is to be mechanically locked, the coupling points for the mechanical interlock are not at the same level. In this case, a new mechanical lock would have to be developed. By using another molded attachment, the smaller star contactor is raised so that the same mechanical interlock can be used as in a three-contact shooter setup.
Zudem ist vorgesehen, dass die Schütze mit selbstschneidenden Kunststoffschrauben auf die Montageplatte aufgeschraubt wer¬ den. Sollte nach mehrmaligem Austausch der Schütze die Kunststoffschraube in der Montageplatte nicht mehr halten, kann von hinten eine metrische Mutter in eine dafür vorgesehene Kontur gedrückt und das Gerät mit einer normalen metrischen Standardschraube angeschraubt werden. In addition, it is envisaged that the shooter screwed with self-tapping plastic screws on the mounting plate who ¬ . If, after repeated replacement of the contactors, the plastic screw in the mounting plate can no longer be held, a metric nut can be pressed from behind into a designated contour and the device can be screwed on using a standard metric standard screw.
Die erfindungsgemäße Montageplatte ist vorzugsweise recht- eckig ausgebildet und weist vier Seitenkanten auf, wobei sich jeweils zwei Seitenkanten parallel gegenüber liegen und zum zweiten parallel zueinander angeordneten Seitenkantenpaar vorzugsweise im 90° Winkel stehen. Vorzugsweise sind jeweils in den Ecken der Montageplatte Durchbohrungen beziehungsweise Ausnehmungen vorgesehen, die die Endmontage der kompletten Baueinheit aus einer Stern-Dreieck-Verdrahtung mit Schützen und einer Montageplatte, beispielsweise in einem Schalt¬ schrank oder Ähnlichem, ermöglichen. Über die Montageplatte verteilt sind mehrere kleine Bohrungen angeordnet, die als Befestigungsmöglichkeiten für die verschiedenen Stern- Dreieck-Aufbauten dienen. An einer der Seitenkanten kann zudem ein angespritztes, abbrechbares Erweiterungsteil vorgesehen sein, welches für einen Aufbau mit Zeitrelais benötigt wird. Dieses Erweite¬ rungsteil ist vorzugsweise der Länge der Seitenkante entspre- chend, an welcher es befestigt ist, ausgebildet und weist ebenfalls mehrere Bohrungen auf, die als Befestigungsmöglichkeiten beispielsweise für ein Zeitrelais dienen. Das Erweite¬ rungsteil kann beispielsweise über einen Verbindungssteg oder über eine Mehrzahl an Verbindungsstegen an der Montageplatte befestigt sein, wobei die Verbindungsstege dabei derart aus¬ gebildet sind, dass sie ein leichtes Abtrennen des Erweite¬ rungsteils von der Montageplatte ermöglichen. The mounting plate according to the invention is preferably rectangular and has four side edges, wherein each two side edges are parallel to each other and the second parallel to each other arranged side edge pair are preferably at 90 ° angle. Preferably, through holes or recesses are provided in each case in the corners of the mounting plate, which allow the final assembly of the complete unit from a star-delta wiring with shooters and a mounting plate, for example in a switch ¬ cabinet or the like. Distributed over the mounting plate several small holes are arranged, which serve as mounting options for the various star-triangle structures. On one of the side edges also a molded, breakable extension part can be provided, which is required for a construction with time relay. This Extension C ¬ inferring section is preferably the length of the side edge accordingly, to which it is attached, is formed, and also has a plurality of bores, which serve as mounting possibilities, for example, a time relay. The extension ¬ tion part may for example be attached via a connecting web or a plurality of connecting webs on the mounting plate, wherein the connecting webs are formed from ¬ such that they allow easy separation of the extension ¬ tion part of the mounting plate.
Das Erweiterungsteil weist zudem zumindest ein Anschlussele- ment auf, welches dazu dient, das Erweiterungsteil fest mit der Montageplatte zu verbinden, beispielsweise durch Verras- ten, Aufschnappen, Aufstecken etc.. The extension part also has at least one connection element which serves to connect the extension part fixedly to the mounting plate, for example by being caught, snapped on, plugged on, etc.
Das Anschlusselement weist vorzugsweise einen bauchig ausge- führten Endbereich auf, der über einen Führungssteg mit dem Erweiterungsteil verbunden ist. Der bauchige Endbereich des Anschlusselements greift in dafür vorgesehene Ausnehmungen in der Seitenkante der Montageplatte ein. In die erfindungsgemäße Montageplatte ist zudem auch ein an¬ gespritztes abbrechbares Zusatzteil, vorzugsweise mittig, eingearbeitet, welches für den Höhenausgleich bei Verwendung eines kleineren Stern-Schütz vorgesehen ist. Auch dieses Zusatzteil ist über mindestens einen Verbindungssteg, vorzugs- weise über eine Mehrzahl an Verbindungsstegen an der Montageplatte befestigt, wobei die Verbindungsstege derart ausgebil¬ det sind, dass sie ein leichtes Abtrennen des Zusatzteils von der Montageplatte ermöglichen. Das Zusatzteil kann bei einem Aufbau mit drei gleich großen Schützen weggeworfen werden. Für den Fall, dass ein Aufbau mit einem kleinen Stern-Schütz vorgesehen ist, wird das Zusatzteil auf die Montageplatte aufgesteckt, so dass das kleinere Stern-Schütz angeschraubt werden kann und zusätzlich der Höhenabstand zum Eingriff der Wendeverriegelung ausgeglichen werden kann. Das Zusatzteil ist vorzugsweise quaderförmig ausgeführt und weist mindestens eine Bohrung auf, um einen kleineren Stern- Schütz an der Montageplatte zu befestigen. The connection element preferably has a bulged end region, which is connected to the extension part via a guide web. The bulbous end region of the connecting element engages in recesses provided for this purpose in the side edge of the mounting plate. In the mounting plate according to the invention also an on ¬ sprayed breakaway additional part, preferably centrally, incorporated, which is provided for the height compensation when using a smaller star contactor. This additional part is attached via at least one connecting web, preferably via a plurality of connecting webs on the mounting plate, wherein the connecting webs are ausgebil ¬ det, that they allow easy separation of the additional part of the mounting plate. The additional part can be thrown away in a structure with three equal shooters. In the event that a structure with a small star contactor is provided, the additional part is on the mounting plate plugged so that the smaller star contactor can be screwed on and also the height distance can be compensated for engagement of the turning lock. The additional part is preferably designed cuboid and has at least one bore to secure a smaller star contactor to the mounting plate.
Erfindungsgemäß ist weiterhin vorgesehen, dass die Schaltge- räte mit selbstschneidenden Kunststoffschrauben angeschraubt werden. Sollte jedoch der Fall eintreten, dass das Gewinde einer Schraube im Kunststoff ausreißt, kann eine Mutter in eine sechskantige Gehäuseform eingepresst werden und das Schaltgerät mit einer metrischen Schraube angeschraubt wer- den. According to the invention, it is further provided that the switching devices are screwed on with self-tapping plastic screws. However, if it should happen that the thread of a screw in the plastic tears out, a nut can be pressed into a hexagonal housing shape and the switching device can be screwed on with a metric screw.
Der hier vorgestellte erfindungsgemäße Aufbau aus einer The here presented inventive construction of a
Stern-Dreieck-Verdrahtung mit Schützen auf einer Montageplatte, zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Montageplatte univer- seil für Aufbauten unterschiedlicher Baugröße nutzbar ist.Star-delta wiring with contactors on a mounting plate is characterized by the fact that the mounting plate can be used universally for superstructures of various sizes.
Dies wird durch eine aus Kunststoff gefertigte Montageplatte erreicht, wodurch sowohl eine Gewichts- als auch eine Kosten¬ ersparnis erreicht werden. Die erfindungsgemäße Montageplatte führt nicht nur zu einer Variantenreduzierung hinsichtlich der für verschiedene Aufbauten benötigten Montageplatten, sondern auch zu einer Verwendung von gleichen Wendeverriegelungen beim Aufbau mit drei gleich großen Schützen und beim Aufbau mit einem kleineren Stern-Schütz. Weitere Vorteile und Ausführungen der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen sowie anhand der Zeichnung erläutert. Dabei zeigen schematisch: This is achieved by a mounting plate made of plastic, which both a weight and a cost ¬ savings can be achieved. The mounting plate according to the invention not only leads to a variant reduction in terms of required mounting plates for different structures, but also to a use of the same Wendeverriegelungen when building with three equal shooters and the construction with a smaller star contactor. Further advantages and embodiments of the invention will be explained below with reference to embodiments and with reference to the drawing. Here are shown schematically:
Fig. 1 in einer perspektivischen Darstellung ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Montageplatte; Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a mounting plate according to the invention.
Fig. 2 in einer perspektivischen Darstellung ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Montageplatte mit angestecktem Erweiterungsteil; Figure 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the mounting plate with infected extension part.
Fig. 3 in einer perspektivischen Darstellung ein Ausführungs- beispiel der Montageplatte mit angesteckten Erweiterungs- und Zusatzteil ; 3 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the mounting plate with infected extension and additional part.
Fig. 4 in einer perspektivischen Darstellung einen Aufbau aus drei gleich großen Schützen auf einer erfindungsgemäßen Mon- tageplatte; 4 is a perspective view of a structure of three equal shooters on a mounting plate according to the invention;
Fig. 5 in einer perspektivischen Darstellung einen Aufbau aus zwei gleich großen Schützen mit einem kleineren Stern-Schütz auf einer erfindungsgemäßen Montageplatte; Figure 5 is a perspective view of a structure of two equal shooters with a smaller star contactor on a mounting plate according to the invention.
Fig. 6 in einer planaren Grundansicht einen Aufbau aus zwei gleich großen Schützen mit einem kleineren Stern-Schütz auf einer erfindungsgemäßen Montageplatte; Fig. 7 in einer perspektivischen Darstellung einen Aufbau aus drei gleich großen Schützen mit Erweiterung in Form eines Zeitrelais ; 6 is a planar plan view of a structure of two equal shooters with a smaller star contactor on a mounting plate according to the invention; 7 is a perspective view of a structure of three equal shooters with extension in the form of a timing relay.
Fig. 8 in einer Schnittdarstellung einen Aufbau eines Schalt- geräts auf einer erfindungsgemäßen Montageplatte, wobei die Befestigung über eine metrische Schraube mit Mutter gezeigt ist . 8 shows a sectional view of a construction of a switching device on a mounting plate according to the invention, wherein the fastening is shown via a metric screw with nut.
Fig. 1 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Montageplatte 1. Die erfindungsgemäße Montageplatte 1 ist vorzugsweise rechteckig ausgebildet und weist vier Seitenkan- ten 2, 3, 4, 5 auf, wobei jeweils zwei Seitenkanten 2, 4 so¬ wie 3, 5 sich parallel gegenüber liegen. Vorzugsweise sind jeweils in den Ecken der Montageplatte 1 Durchbohrungen 6 beziehungsweise Ausnehmungen 7 vorgesehen, die die Endmontage der kompletten Baueinheit aus einer Stern-Dreieck-Verdrahtung mit Schützen auf der Montageplatte 1, beispielsweise in einem Schaltschrank ermöglichen. Über die Montageplatte 1 verteilt, sind mehrere kleine Bohrungen 8 angeordnet, die als Befesti¬ gungsmöglichkeiten für die verschiedenen Stern-Dreieck- Aufbauten dienen. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a mounting plate 1 according to the invention. The mounting plate 1 according to the invention is preferably rectangular and has four side channels. 2, 3, 4, 5, wherein each two side edges 2, 4 as ¬ as 3, 5 are parallel to each other. Preferably through holes 6 or recesses 7 are each provided in the corners of the mounting plate 1, which allow the final assembly of the complete assembly of a star-delta wiring with contactors on the mounting plate 1, for example in a cabinet. Distributed over the mounting plate 1, a plurality of small holes 8 are arranged, which serve as fastening ¬ tion possibilities for the various star-triangle constructions.
An der Seitenkante 3 kann zudem ein angespritztes, abbrechba¬ res Erweiterungsteil 9 vorgesehen sein, welches beispielswei¬ se für einen Aufbau mit Zeitrelais benötigt wird. Dieses Er- weiterungsteil 9 ist vorzugsweise der Länge der Seitenkante 3 entsprechend, an welcher es befestigt ist, ausgebildet und weist ebenfalls mehrere Bohrungen 8 auf, die als Befesti¬ gungsmöglichkeiten, beispielsweise für ein Zeitrelais dienen. Das Erweiterungsteil 9 kann beispielsweise über einen Verbin- dungssteg 10 oder über eine Mehrzahl an Verbindungsstegen 10 an der Montageplatte 1 befestigt sein, wobei die Verbindungs¬ stege 10 dabei derart ausgebildet sind, dass sie ein leichtes Abtrennen des Erweiterungsteils 9 von der Montageplatte 1 er¬ möglichen . On the side edge 3 can also be an injection-molded, abbrechba ¬ res extension part 9 may be provided, which beispielswei ¬ se is needed for a construction with time relay. This ER- extender part 9 is preferably the length of the side edge 3 according to which it is attached, is formed, and also has a plurality of holes 8, serving as Fixed To ¬ supply options, such as for a time relay. The extension part 9 may, for example dung web 10 or a connects be attached via a plurality of connecting webs 10 to the mounting plate 1, wherein the connection ¬ webs 10 here are designed such that they 9 of the mounting plate 1 he ¬ easy separation of the extension part possible.
Das Erweiterungsteil 9 weist zudem zumindest ein Anschluss¬ element 11 auf, welches dazu dient, das Erweiterungsteil 9 fest mit der Montageplatte 1 zu verbinden, beispielsweise durch Verrasten, Aufschnappen, Aufstecken etc.. Das An- Schlusselement 11 weist vorzugsweise einen bauchig ausgeführ¬ ten Endbereich 12 auf, der über einen Führungssteg 13 mit dem Erweiterungsteil 9 verbunden ist. Der bauchige Endbereich 12 des Anschlusselementes 11 greift in dafür vorgesehene Ausneh¬ mungen 14 in der Seitenkante 3 der Montageplatte 1 ein. In die erfindungsgemäße Montageplatte 1 ist zudem auch ein angespritztes, abbrechbares Zusatzteil 15, vorzugsweise mit¬ tig eingearbeitet, welches für den Höhenausgleich bei Verwen¬ dung eines kleineren Stern-Schütz vorgesehen ist. Auch dieses Zusatzteil 15 ist über mindestens einen Verbindungssteg 16, vorzugsweise einer Mehrzahl an Verbindungsstegen 16 an der Montageplatte 1 befestigt, wobei die Verbindungsstege 16 da¬ bei derart ausgebildet sind, dass sie ein leichtes Abtrennen des Zusatzteils 15 von der Montageplatte 1 ermöglichen. The extension part 9 also has at least one connecting ¬ element 11, which serves to connect the extension part 9 fixed to the mounting plate 1, for example by locking, snapping, clipping etc .. The presence circuit member 11 preferably has a bulbous out guide ¬ th End region 12, which is connected via a guide web 13 with the extension part 9. The bulbous end portion 12 of the connecting element 11 engages in Ausneh ¬ provided measures 14 in the side edge 3 of the mounting plate 1 a. In the mounting plate 1 according to the invention also has a molded, breakable additional part 15, preferably with ¬ tig incorporated, which is provided for the height compensation in Verwen ¬ tion of a smaller star contactor. This additional part 15 is attached via at least one connecting web 16, preferably a plurality of connecting webs 16 on the mounting plate 1, wherein the connecting webs 16 are formed ¬ in such a way that they allow easy separation of the additional part 15 of the mounting plate 1.
Das Zusatzteil 15 kann bei einem Aufbau mit drei gleich gro¬ ßen Schützen weggeworfen werden. Für den Fall, dass ein Aufbau mit einem kleinen Stern-Schütz vorgesehen ist, wird das Zusatzteil 15 auf die Montageplatte 1 aufgesteckt, so dass das kleinere Stern-Schütz angeschraubt werden kann und zu¬ sätzlich der Höhenabstand zum Eingriff in die Wendeverriege¬ lung ausgeglichen werden kann. Das Zusatzteil 15 ist vorzugsweise quaderförmig ausgeführt und weist mindestens eine Boh¬ rung 17 auf, um einen kleineren Stern-Schütz an der Montage- platte 1 zu befestigen. The additional part 15 can be thrown away in a structure with three equal ¬ Shen shooter. In the event that a structure is provided with a small star-contactor, the additional part 15 is attached to the mounting plate 1, so that the smaller star contactor can be screwed and balanced to ¬ additionally the height distance for engaging the indexing Ever ranks ¬ lung can be. The additional part 15 is preferably executed cuboid and has at least one Boh ¬ tion 17 to attach a smaller star contactor to the mounting plate 1.
In Fig. 2 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Montageplatte 1 mit angestecktem Erweiterungsteil 9, bei¬ spielsweise für ein Zeitrelais gezeigt. Dazu wird das Erwei- terungsteil 9 an der Montageplatte 1 durch Brechen der Ver¬ bindungsstege 10 gelöst und durch Einführen der Anschlussele¬ mente 11 in die dafür vorgesehenen Ausnehmungen 14 der Seitenkante 3 an der Montageplatte 1 befestigt. Es entsteht so¬ mit eine Flächenerweiterung der Montageplatte 1, die bei- spielsweise für die Aufnahme eines Zeitrelais verwendet wer¬ den kann. In FIG. 2 is an embodiment of the mounting plate 1 according to the invention with infected extension part 9, shown at ¬ playing manner for a time relay. For this, the expanded part is dissolved esterification 9 on the mounting plate 1 by breaking the bond bridges Ver ¬ 10 and fixed by inserting the Anschlussele ¬ elements 11 in the appropriate recesses 14 of the side edge 3 to the mounting plate. 1 The result is as ¬ with a surface extension of the mounting plate 1, which uses examples game, for the inclusion of a time relay who can ¬.
Fig. 3 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Montageplatte 1 mit angestecktem Erweiterungsteil 9 und Zusatzteil 15. Dieses Ausführungsbeispiel zeigt den Fall, dass ein Aufbau mit einem kleineren Stern-Schütz vorgesehen ist, so dass das Zusatzteil 15 den Höhenabstand für den Eingriff der Wendeverriegelung ausgleichen kann. Das Zusatzteil 15 ist dabei vorzugsweise quaderförmig ausgebildet und weist mindestens die Bohrung 17 auf, um einen kleineren Stern-Schütz an der Montageplatte 1 zu befestigen. Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the mounting plate 1 with infected extension part 9 and additional part 15. This embodiment shows the case that a structure with a smaller star contactor is provided, so that the additional part 15 can compensate for the height distance for the engagement of the turning lock. The additional part 15 is preferably formed cuboid and has at least the bore 17 to secure a smaller star contactor to the mounting plate 1.
In Fig. 4 ist ein Aufbau aus drei gleich großen Schützen 18 auf der erfindungsgemäßen Montageplatte 1 dargestellt. In Fig. 5 ist ein Aufbau aus zwei gleich großen Schützen 18 mit einem kleineren Stern-Schütz 19 auf der erfindungsgemäßenIn Fig. 4 shows a structure of three equal shooters 18 is shown on the mounting plate 1 according to the invention. In Fig. 5 is a structure of two equal shooters 18 with a smaller star contactor 19 on the invention
Montageplatte 1 dargestellt. Dabei wird durch das Zusatzteil 15 am Stern-Schütz 19 ein Höhenausgleich erreicht, der den Eingriff der Wendeverriegelung ermöglicht. Demgemäß können für gleich große Schütze sowie für eine Anordnung mit zwei gleich großen Schützen und einem kleineren Stern-Schütz die gleiche Wendeverriegelung verwendet werden. In Fig. 6 ist der Aufbau nach Fig. 5 in einer planaren Grundansicht gezeigt. Mounting plate 1 shown. In this case, a height compensation is achieved by the additional part 15 on the star contactor 19, which allows the engagement of the turning lock. Accordingly, for same size contactors as well as for an arrangement with two equally sized contactors and a smaller star contactor, the same reversible locking can be used. FIG. 6 shows the structure according to FIG. 5 in a planar basic view.
Fig. 7 zeigt einen Aufbau aus drei gleich großen Schützen 18 mit angestecktem Erweiterungsteil 9, auf welchem ein Zeitre¬ lais 20 angeordnet ist. Fig. 7 shows a structure of three equal shooters 18 with infected extension part 9, on which a Zeitre ¬ lais 20 is arranged.
In Fig. 8 ist ein Aufbau eines Schütz 18 auf einer erfindungsgemäßen Montageplatte 1 gezeigt, wobei die Befestigung über eine metrische Schraube 21 mit Mutter 22 erfolgt. In Fig. 8 shows a structure of a contactor 18 is shown on a mounting plate 1 according to the invention, wherein the attachment via a metric screw 21 with nut 22 takes place.
Der hier vorgestellte erfindungsgemäße Aufbau aus einer The here presented inventive construction of a
Stern-Dreieck-Verdrahtung mit Schützen auf einer Montageplatte, zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Montageplatte univer- seil für alle Aufbauten unterschiedlicher Baugrößen nutzbar ist. Dies wird durch eine aus Kunststoff gefertigte Montage¬ platte erreicht, wodurch sowohl eine Gewichts- als auch eine Kostenersparnis, erreicht werden. Die erfindungsgemäße Monta¬ geplatte führt nicht nur zu einer Variantenreduzierung hin- sichtlich der für verschiedene Aufbauten benötigten Montageplatte, sondern auch zu einer Verwendung von gleichen Wende- Verriegelungen beim Aufbau mit drei gleich großen Schützen sowie beim Aufbau mit einem kleineren Stern-Schütz. Star-delta wiring with contactors on a mounting plate is characterized by the fact that the mounting plate can be used universally for all constructions of different sizes. This is achieved by a plastic made mounting plate ¬ , whereby both a weight and a cost savings can be achieved. The invention Monta ¬ geplatte not only leads to a reduction of variants with regard to the time required for various constructions mounting plate, but also to a use of the same turning Interlocking with three contactors of the same size and with a smaller star contactor.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Stern-Dreieck-Verdrahtung insbesondere für eine Schützschaltung, die auf einer Montageplatte (1) angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Montageplatte (1) aus Kunst¬ stoff gefertigt ist. 1. star-delta wiring in particular for a contactor circuit, which is arranged on a mounting plate (1), characterized in that the mounting plate (1) made of plastic ¬ material is made.
2. Stern-Dreieck-Verdrahtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Montageplatte (1) derart universell ausge- bildet ist, dass unterschiedliche Varianten von Stern- Dreieck-Verdrahtungen darauf anzuordnen sind. 2. star-delta wiring according to claim 1, characterized in that the mounting plate (1) is designed universally such that different variants of star-delta wiring to be arranged thereon.
3. Stern-Dreieck-Verdrahtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der Montageplatte (1) ein Erweite- rungsteil (9) angeformt ist. 3. Star-delta wiring according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that on the mounting plate (1) an extension part (9) is integrally formed.
4. Stern-Dreieck-Verdrahtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Erweiterungsteil (9) von der Montageplatte (1) abtrennbar ist. 4. star-delta wiring according to claim 3, characterized in that the extension part (9) of the mounting plate (1) is separable.
5. Stern-Dreieck-Verdrahtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Erweiterungsteil (9) in die Montage¬ platte (1) steckbar ausgebildet ist. 5. star-delta wiring according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the extension part (9) in the mounting plate ¬ (1) is designed to be pluggable.
6. Stern-Dreieck-Verdrahtung nach einem der vorhergehenden6. Star-delta wiring according to one of the preceding
Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der Montageplatte (1) ein Niveau ausgleichendes Zusatzteil (15) angeformt ist. Claims, characterized in that on the mounting plate (1) a level compensating additional part (15) is integrally formed.
7. Stern-Dreieck-Verdrahtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass das Zusatzteil (15) von der Montageplatte (1) abtrennbar ist. 7. Star-delta wiring according to claim 6, characterized in that the additional part (15) of the mounting plate (1) is separable.
8. Stern-Dreieck-Verdrahtung nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Zusatzteil (15) auf die Montageplat- te (1) steckbar ausgebildet ist. 8. star-delta wiring according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the additional part (15) on the mounting plate te (1) is pluggable.
9. Stern-Dreieck-Verdrahtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schützschaltung über selbstschneidende Kunststoffschrauben an der Montageplatte (1) befestigbar ist. 9. Star-delta wiring according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contactor circuit via self-tapping plastic screws on the mounting plate (1) can be fastened.
10. Stern-Dreieck-Verdrahtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schützschaltung über eine metrische Schraube (21) an der Montageplatte (1) befestigbar ist. 10. star-delta wiring according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contactor circuit via a metric screw (21) on the mounting plate (1) can be fastened.
EP12718170.9A 2011-05-23 2012-04-24 Star-delta wiring, especially for a protection circuit on a mounting plate Active EP2656366B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011076290A DE102011076290A1 (en) 2011-05-23 2011-05-23 Star-delta wiring, in particular for a contactor circuit on a mounting plate
PCT/EP2012/057484 WO2012159835A1 (en) 2011-05-23 2012-04-24 Star-delta wiring, in particular for a protective circuit on a mounting plate

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2656366A1 true EP2656366A1 (en) 2013-10-30
EP2656366B1 EP2656366B1 (en) 2016-10-19

Family

ID=46025679

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12718170.9A Active EP2656366B1 (en) 2011-05-23 2012-04-24 Star-delta wiring, especially for a protection circuit on a mounting plate

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EP (1) EP2656366B1 (en)
KR (1) KR101580446B1 (en)
CN (1) CN103430270B (en)
BR (1) BR112013029977A2 (en)
DE (1) DE102011076290A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2012159835A1 (en)

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DE102014004665B4 (en) 2014-03-31 2019-12-05 Schaltbau Gmbh Multi-pole contactor

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US4006440A (en) * 1975-07-21 1977-02-01 Allen-Bradley Company Terminal structure for electromagnetic contactor
DE9204391U1 (en) * 1992-03-31 1993-07-29 Klöckner-Moeller GmbH, 53115 Bonn Withdrawable low-voltage switchgear for supplying or distributing electrical energy
JPH07143626A (en) * 1993-11-12 1995-06-02 Mutsuo Hamaguchi Electric control board and controller unit used for this board
DE19511648B4 (en) 1995-03-30 2005-12-29 Moeller Gmbh Method of manufacturing low-voltage switchgear inserts and mounting plate therefor
DE19615610A1 (en) * 1996-04-19 1997-10-23 May & Steffens Gmbh & Co Kg Distribution cabinet e.g. for security automation devices
DE29612042U1 (en) * 1996-07-10 1996-09-05 Siemens AG, 80333 München Control module for a relay and its arrangement with a relay
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EP1251613B1 (en) * 2001-04-20 2007-02-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Connection device for electric board with withdrawable units
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WO2012159835A1 (en) 2012-11-29
BR112013029977A2 (en) 2017-01-31
CN103430270B (en) 2016-10-19
KR101580446B1 (en) 2015-12-28
EP2656366B1 (en) 2016-10-19
KR20140032454A (en) 2014-03-14
CN103430270A (en) 2013-12-04
DE102011076290A1 (en) 2012-11-29

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