EP2654988A1 - Process for manufacturing a salt core by isostatic compaction for parts implementing successive foundry and forging operations - Google Patents

Process for manufacturing a salt core by isostatic compaction for parts implementing successive foundry and forging operations

Info

Publication number
EP2654988A1
EP2654988A1 EP11817392.1A EP11817392A EP2654988A1 EP 2654988 A1 EP2654988 A1 EP 2654988A1 EP 11817392 A EP11817392 A EP 11817392A EP 2654988 A1 EP2654988 A1 EP 2654988A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
core
foundry
salt
preform
casting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11817392.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2654988B1 (en
Inventor
Romain Epale
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Jean Industries SAS
Original Assignee
Saint Jean Industries SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Jean Industries SAS filed Critical Saint Jean Industries SAS
Priority to PL11817392T priority Critical patent/PL2654988T3/en
Priority to RS20180776A priority patent/RS57440B1/en
Publication of EP2654988A1 publication Critical patent/EP2654988A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2654988B1 publication Critical patent/EP2654988B1/en
Priority to HRP20181019TT priority patent/HRP20181019T1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/10—Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores
    • B22C9/105—Salt cores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting

Definitions

  • the Applicant is the designer of the COBAP process ESS (registered trademark) defined in the European patent 1 19 365.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram representing, according to the ratio of compressibility and deformation, the curves corresponding to cores obtained according to the known techniques, blown salt core, blown sand core, sintered salt core, and according to the invention, compacting core isostatic.
  • the foundry preform thus obtained is then forged with the salt core compacted by isostatic pressing at a pressure of 600 to 700 MPa.
  • the salt core which has been compacted undergoes no loss of volume during the forging operation being protected by the preform itself and having been compacted with a virtual absence of vacuum between the constitutive grains of the core.
  • the configuration of the core according to the invention gives it a very low compressibility.
  • the design of the casting which is then forged with the core according to the invention is facilitated.
  • the press force during the forging serves only to deform the core and the metal in a deviatoric manner, the rise in pressure not being affected by a decrease in the volume of the core.
  • the deformation rate of the salt nucleus by isostatic compression is only 4%, whereas the deformations for a sintered salt core are 24.2%, for a sand core of 29% already at a pressure of 350 MPa, and of , 2% for a puffed salt core.
  • the Applicant has therefore demonstrated the use of a salt core as part of the casting process of aluminum or aluminum alloy casting for the production of a foundry preform, said preform being transported for a forging operation at a pressure of 600 to 700 MPa, the use of a salt nucleus obtained by isostatic compression which exhibits, during the forging, a very small compression deformation of the order of 3 to 6%, and more specifically 4%, which makes it possible to work the parts with greater reliability.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The process for manufacturing the salt core with a view to being introduced into a foundry mould by casting of parts made of aluminium, aluminium alloy or light alloys obtained following foundry casting operations for the production of a foundry preform, is characterized in that the core is a salt powder and undergoes, for the shaping thereof, an isostatic compression operation of the salt powder, the core obtained in the desired shapes then being introduced into the foundry mould in order to produce the form to be obtained, and in that the form resulting from the foundry operation is a preform that includes the salt powder core obtained by isostatic compression, said preform then being forged with its core at a pressure between 600 and 700 MPa with a view to obtaining the final form of the product to be obtained, and the core then being discharged.

Description

PROCEDE DE FABRICATION DE NOYAU DE SEL PAR COMP ACTION ISOSTATIQUE POUR DES PIECES METTANT EN ŒUVRE DES OPERATIONS SUCCESSIVES DE FONDERIE ET DE FORGEAGE  PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SALT CORE BY ISOSTATIC COMPARTMENT FOR PARTS USING SUCCESSIVE FOUNDRY AND FORGING OPERATIONS
L'invention se rattache au secteur technique de la conception des noyaux pour pièces de fonderie et forgées ensuite. Le noyau, en fonderie, permet de réaliser des formes creuses dans des pièces de fonderie. Il est généralement réalisé en sable ou en sel. The invention relates to the technical sector of the design of cores for castings and forged thereafter. The core, foundry, allows for hollow shapes in foundry parts. It is usually made of sand or salt.
Pour la compréhension de l'invention, on rappelle succinctement les différentes technologies utilisées pour la conception de différents types de noyaux avec leurs limites, en se référant aux figures des dessins. For the understanding of the invention, it is briefly recalled the different technologies used for the design of different types of cores with their limits, with reference to the figures of the drawings.
On a représenté aux figures 1A-1B un noyau de sable soufflé ou noyau de sel soufflé avant et après assemblages des particules. Selon cette première mise en œuvre, le sable (1) est enduit d'un liantFIGS. 1A-1B show a core of blown sand or blown salt core before and after assembling the particles. According to this first implementation, the sand (1) is coated with a binder
(2) qui se durcit lors du tir du noyau. Le sable et le liant sont introduits dans une buse et de l'air est mis en pression en amont de cette buse. En aval se trouve la boîte à noyau. La pression est libérée et projette le sable dans la boîte à noyau qui peut être chaude ou froide. Le sable remplit l'empreinte de la boîte à noyau et est figé par le liant. Le remplissage des formes complexes est difficile à mettre au point. Aussi il faut dans certains cas l'utilisation de deux points d'alimentation en sable dans la boîte à noyau, limiter les variations de formes et de section. Cependant, dans cette mise en œuvre, les grains de sable ne sont pas déformés et on obtient un agglomérat de grains (figure 1B) faisant apparaître des porosités (p). (2) hardens when firing the nucleus. The sand and the binder are introduced into a nozzle and air is pressurized upstream of this nozzle. Downstream is the core box. The pressure is released and throws the sand into the core box which can be hot or cold. The sand fills the cavity of the core box and is frozen by the binder. The filling of complex shapes is difficult to develop. Also it is necessary in some cases the use of two points of supply of sand in the box with nucleus, to limit the variations of forms and section. However, in this setting In practice, the grains of sand are not deformed and an agglomerate of grains is obtained (FIG. 1B) showing porosities (p).
Dans le cas de noyau sel soufflé mettant en œuvre la même méthode, l'opération s'effectue dans des conditions similaires, avec les mêmes contraintes et inconvénients, en particulier de porosité. In the case of kernel salt blown using the same method, the operation is carried out under similar conditions, with the same constraints and disadvantages, in particular porosity.
Une autre solution connue celle du noyau de sel fritté illustrée figures 2A-2B. Another known solution is that of the sintered salt core illustrated in FIGS. 2A-2B.
Dans ce cas, la technique de fabrication du noyau sel consiste en une première opération de matriçage suivi d'un frittage d'un mélange poudre de sel avec un liant et un agent démoulant. On a représenté par (3) les grains de sel et par (4) la liaison obtenue des grains selon le procédé. Le matriçage conduit à l'obtention d'un noyau qui est suffisamment solide pour être manipulé. Sa solidité est complétée après une opération de frittage à haute température. Lors du frittage, le liant se trouve dans un état semi-solide ou liquide et comble une partie des porosités persistant après le matriçage. In this case, the technique of manufacturing the salt core consists of a first stamping operation followed by sintering of a salt powder mixture with a binder and a release agent. Salt grains represent (3) and (4) the bond obtained from the grains according to the process. Forging leads to obtaining a core that is strong enough to handle. Its solidity is completed after a sintering operation at high temperature. During sintering, the binder is in a semi-solid or liquid state and fills a portion of the porosities that persist after stamping.
Après refroidissement, les liaisons établies par le liant confèrent au noyau une résistance à rupture élevée mais la compressibilité reste élevée car toutes les porosités (p) ne sont pas comblées. Par ailleurs, l'opération de matriçage entraîne des limitations de formes et de tailles pour pouvoir former le noyau. Les solutions mises en œuvre selon l'Art Antérieur présentent donc des limites d'utilisation avec un degré de porosité du noyau obtenu pouvant présenter des inconvénients lors du coulage du matériau de fonderie. En outre, le noyau obtenu selon les procédés précités, et par leur structure hétérogène, sont partiellement inadaptés pour servir d'autres traitements, tel que par exemple, une opération de forge. After cooling, the bonds established by the binder give the core a high breaking strength but the compressibility remains high because all the porosities (p) are not filled. In addition, the stamping operation causes limitations of shapes and sizes to form the core. The solutions implemented according to the prior art therefore have limitations of use with a degree of porosity of the core obtained which may have disadvantages during casting of the foundry material. In addition, the core obtained according to the aforementioned methods, and their heterogeneous structure, are partially unsuitable for other treatments, such as, for example, a forging operation.
Indépendamment de la problématique du noyau de fonderie, le Demandeur est le concepteur du procédé COBAP ESS (marque déposée) défini dans le brevet européen 1 19 365.  Regardless of the problem of the foundry core, the Applicant is the designer of the COBAP process ESS (registered trademark) defined in the European patent 1 19 365.
Ce procédé met en œuvre pour des alliages d'aluminium deux opérations successives de coulée de fonderie pour l'obtention d'une préforme, laquelle est ensuite mise dans une matrice de forge pour être forgée. Cette technologie est très largement exploitée et développée par le Demandeur, mais aussi par d'autres, puisque que le brevet EP 1 19 365 relève du domaine public.  This process uses two successive casting operations for aluminum alloys to obtain a preform, which is then put into a forging die to be forged. This technology is very widely exploited and developed by the Applicant, but also by others, since the EP 1 19 365 patent is in the public domain.
Le Demandeur a aussi développé de nombreux perfectionnements à la technologie de base du procédé COBAPRESS avec par exemple l'insertion d'inserts métalliques dans la préforme, laquelle est ensuite forgée. Cela a été défini dans le brevet EP 586 314. Les inserts sont disposés de manière définitive dans la préforme et la pièce finale obtenue. Comparativement à la technologie des noyaux de fonderie qui peuvent ensuite être évacués, ce n'est pas le cas des inserts. The Applicant has also developed many improvements to the basic technology of the COBAPRESS process with for example the insertion of metal inserts into the preform, which is then forged. This has been defined in patent EP 586 314. The inserts are permanently disposed in the preform and the final piece obtained. Compared to foundry core technology that can be removed later, this is not the case with inserts.
Il y a donc un obstacle majeur pour les raisons évoquées. Dans le cadre de la technologie du coulé-forgé, correspondant au procédé COBAPRESS, il a été proposé l'utilisation de noyau. Par exemple, il a été proposé dans le brevet PCT WO 2009/050382 la mise en œuvre d'un noyau en sel ou en sable, réalisé à l'aide d'une boîte froide ou chaude ou "croning" inséré dans une pré forme de fonderie pour subir ensuite une opération de forgeage de la préforme. En pratique, ce brevet qui tente d'élargir le mode de réalisation du noyau fait essentiellement référence à un noyau constitué de sable et de résine ce qui correspond à l'Art Antérieur précité initialement. Ce noyau est en fait pourvu d'au moins un conduit d'évacuation de gaz pour évacuer les gaz hors du moule lors de l'opération de moulage. Ces gaz, selon le Demandeur de ce brevet, peuvent provenir de la combustion des résines ou liants faisant partie du noyau. En outre, dans ce document, le ou les conduit(s) d'évacuation des gaz assure(nt) le positionnement du noyau dans le moule lors de l'opération de moulage. Cela génère donc une structure très particulière, avec des contraintes techniques liées à cette mise en œuvre particulière, avec en particulier des moyens spécifiques pour l'étanchéité de l'ébauche de préforme. There is therefore a major obstacle for the reasons mentioned. In the context of cast-iron technology, corresponding to the COBAPRESS process, it has been proposed the use of core. For example, it has been proposed in PCT patent WO 2009/050382 the implementation of a salt or sand core, made using a cold or hot box or "croning" inserted in a preform from foundry to then undergo a forging operation of the preform. In practice, this patent which attempts to expand the embodiment of the core essentially refers to a core made of sand and resin which corresponds to the aforementioned prior Art. This core is in fact provided with at least one gas evacuation duct for evacuating gases from the mold during the molding operation. These gases, according to the Applicant of this patent, can come from the combustion of the resins or binders forming part of the core. In addition, in this document, the gas evacuation duct (s) ensures (s) the positioning of the core in the mold during the molding operation. This therefore generates a very particular structure, with technical constraints related to this particular implementation, with in particular specific means for sealing the preform blank.
On connaît aussi par le brevet EP 850 825 l'utilisation d'un noyau en matériau perdu pour constituer la partie creuse d'une manivelle de pédale de bicyclette. Ce noyau est prolongé par une partie de support servant à positionner le support à l'intérieur du moule de fonderie dans lequel le métal est coulé. L'opération de forgeage qui s'ensuit requiert l'enlèvement partiel préalable du noyau. Cela nécessite donc des opérations très spécifiques avec des risques de laisser des débris du noyau dans le moule pouvant être gênants et créer des zones d'affaiblissement lors de l'opération de forge. Patent EP 850 825 also discloses the use of a core of lost material to form the hollow part of a bicycle pedal crank. This core is extended by a support portion for positioning the support within the foundry mold in which the metal is cast. The forging operation that follows requires the partial removal of the core. This therefore requires very specific operations with risks of leaving debris of the core in the mold that can be troublesome and create areas of weakness during the forging operation.
On connaît par ailleurs par le brevet WO 84/04264 l'utilisation de noyau en sel utilisé en fonderie moulage avec effet de compaction (dénommé en anglais squeeze casting). Dans ce cas, il y a une opération de mise en pression du métal liquide à 70 MPa comme explicité par le titulaire de ce brevet page 6, ligne 30 avec un matériau à l'état liquide. Cette pression reste très limitée et ne correspond pas à une pression de forgeage qui est de l'ordre de 600 à 700 MPa. Ce document est ainsi limité à la seule application de fonderie. Also known from patent WO 84/04264 the use of salt core used in foundry molding with compaction effect (called English squeeze casting). In this case, there is a pressurizing operation of the liquid metal at 70 MPa as explained by the holder of this patent page 6, line 30 with a material in the liquid state. This pressure remains very limited and does not correspond to a forging pressure which is of the order of 600 to 700 MPa. This document is thus limited to the only foundry application.
C'est donc à partir de l'ensemble de ces considérations que le Demandeur a recherché une solution qui puisse remédier à l'ensemble des inconvénients et contraintes cités de l'Art Antérieur. It is therefore from all these considerations that the Applicant has sought a solution that can remedy all the disadvantages and constraints cited in the prior art.
Le Demandeur s'est orienté dans sa démarche d'une manière différente des techniques décrites précédemment, sur une nouvelle conception de fabrication du noyau de fonderie pouvant être réalisée sans modification de structure dans la pré forme en vue de l'opération de forgeage de la préforme et donc du noyau entouré de métal solide à des pressions de l'ordre de 600 à 700 MPa. La solution trouvée et expérimentée par de nombreux tests a permis de valider le choix du Demandeur en vue de la fabrication de ce noyau. The Applicant has turned in his approach in a different way from the techniques described above, on a new manufacturing design of the foundry core can be achieved without structural modification in the pre form for the forging operation of the preform and thus the core surrounded by solid metal at pressures of the order of 600 to 700 MPa. The solution found and tested by numerous tests has validated the choice of the Applicant for the manufacture of this core.
Selon une première caractéristique de l'invention, le procédé de fabrication du noyau de sel en vue d'être introduit dans un moule de fonderie par coulage d'un matériau connu en fonderie en vue de l'obtention d'une préforme est remarquable en ce que le noyau est une poudre de sel et subit pour sa mise en forme une opération de compression isostatique de la poudre de sel, le noyau obtenu aux formes souhaitées étant ensuite introduit dans le moule de fonderie pour réaliser la forme à obtenir, et en ce que la forme issue de l'opération de fonderie est une préforme incluant le noyau en poudre de sel obtenue par compression isostatique, la dite préforme étant ensuite forgée à une pression entre 600 et 700 MPa en vue de l'obtention de la forme finale du produit à obtenir, et le noyau étant ensuite évacué. Ces caractéristiques et d'autres encore ressortiront bien de la suite de la description. According to a first characteristic of the invention, the method of manufacturing the salt core to be introduced into a foundry mold by casting a material known in the foundry to obtain a preform is remarkable in that the core is a salt powder and undergoes for its shaping an isostatic pressing operation of the salt powder, the core obtained to the desired shapes being then introduced into the foundry mold to achieve the shape to be obtained, and the shape resulting from the foundry operation is a preform including the salt powder core obtained by isostatic compression, the said preform being then forged at a pressure between 600 and 700 MPa in order to obtain the final shape the product to be obtained, and the core is then evacuated. These and other characteristics will be apparent from the rest of the description.
Pour fixer l'objet de l'invention illustré d'une manière non limitative aux figures des dessins où : For fixing the object of the invention illustrated in a nonlimiting manner to the figures of the drawings where:
Les figures 1A-1B sont des vues représentant la micro structure d'un noyau de sel ou sable soufflé avant et après assemblage selon l'Art Antérieur, FIGS. 1A-1B are views showing the micro structure of a core of salt or blown sand before and after assembly according to the prior art,
Les figures 2A-2B sont des vues représentant la micro structure d'un noyau sel subissant les opérations de matriçage et de frittage selon l'Art Antérieur, Les figures 3A-3B sont des vues représentant la micro structure d'un noyau sel compacté isostatiquement selon l'invention, FIGS. 2A-2B are views showing the micro structure of a salt core undergoing the stamping and sintering operations according to the prior art. FIGS. 3A-3B are views showing the micro structure of an isostatically compacted salt core. according to the invention,
La figure 4 est un diagramme représentant selon le rapport de compressibilité et de déformation, les courbes correspondant à des noyaux obtenus selon les techniques connues, noyau de sel soufflé, noyau sable soufflé, noyau sel fritté, et selon l'invention, noyau à compaction isostatique. FIG. 4 is a diagram representing, according to the ratio of compressibility and deformation, the curves corresponding to cores obtained according to the known techniques, blown salt core, blown sand core, sintered salt core, and according to the invention, compacting core isostatic.
Afin de rendre plus concret l'objet de l'invention, on le décrit maintenant d'une manière non limitative illustrée aux figures des dessins. In order to make the object of the invention more concrete, it is now described in a nonlimiting manner illustrated in the figures of the drawings.
En se référant aux figures 3A-3B, le noyau (10) est réalisé en poudre de sel. Selon le procédé de l'invention, la mise en forme du noyau s'effectue par compression isostatique en introduisant la poudre de sel dans un moule ayant une très haute limite élastique de déformation et une très bonne aptitude à reprendre sa forme initiale après déformation. Une fois le moule rempli de poudre de sel, il est scellé en introduisant dans une enceinte de pression isostatique contenant le plus souvent un liquide porteur de la pression, le vecteur de cette pression pouvant être aussi du gaz. La dite enceinte est fermée et mise sous pression. Cette pression s'applique sur la poudre de sel au travers du moule. Les grains de poudre de sel se déforment, peuvent se fragmenter et en final s'agglomèrent pour constituer un ensemble compact sans porosités. La pression élevée appliquée et sa répartition homogène dans la poudre de sel donne un noyau compact ayant une très bonne cohésion. Referring to Figures 3A-3B, the core (10) is made of salt powder. According to the process of the invention, the kernel is shaped by isostatic compression by introducing the salt powder into the a mold having a very high yield strength and a very good ability to return to its original shape after deformation. Once the mold is filled with salt powder, it is sealed by introducing into an isostatic pressure chamber most often containing a pressure-bearing liquid, the vector of this pressure may also be gas. The said enclosure is closed and pressurized. This pressure is applied to the salt powder through the mold. The grains of salt powder deform, can fragment and finally agglomerate to form a compact without porosity. The high pressure applied and its homogeneous distribution in the salt powder gives a compact core with very good cohesion.
On procède ensuite au forgeage de la préforme de fonderie ainsi obtenue avec le noyau de sel compacté par compression isostatique à une pression de 600 à 700 MPa. Le noyau de sel qui a été compacté ne subit aucune perte de volume lors de l'opération de forgeage étant protégé par la préforme elle-même et ayant été compacté avec une quasi absence de vide entre les grains constitutifs du noyau. La configuration du noyau selon l'invention lui donne une très faible compressibilité. La conception de la pièce de fonderie qui est ensuite forgée avec le noyau selon l'invention en est facilitée. L'effort de presse lors du forgeage sert uniquement à déformer en déviatorique le noyau et le métal, la montée en pression n'étant pas affectée par une diminution du volume du noyau. The foundry preform thus obtained is then forged with the salt core compacted by isostatic pressing at a pressure of 600 to 700 MPa. The salt core which has been compacted undergoes no loss of volume during the forging operation being protected by the preform itself and having been compacted with a virtual absence of vacuum between the constitutive grains of the core. The configuration of the core according to the invention gives it a very low compressibility. The design of the casting which is then forged with the core according to the invention is facilitated. The press force during the forging serves only to deform the core and the metal in a deviatoric manner, the rise in pressure not being affected by a decrease in the volume of the core.
Selon l'invention, le procédé met en œuvre un ou plusieurs noyaux en poudre de sel obtenu(s) par compaction isostatique dans le moule de fonderie. Le diagramme représenté figure 4 met ainsi en valeur les courbes de compressibilité du noyau dans chaque type de réalisation connue rappelé ci- avant et selon l'invention. On constate ainsi la différenciation très nette qui est obtenue avec le noyau sel par compaction isostatique en égard de l'Art Antérieur. De manière essentielle, ce tableau met en valeur un avantage spécifique du procédé selon l'invention par rapport à l'art antérieur. A une pression de forgeage de 600 MPa, on a mesuré la déformation du noyau sel par compression. Le taux de déformation du noyau sel par compression isostatique est de seulement 4%, alors que les déformations pour un noyau sel fritté sont de 24,2%, pour un noyau sable de 29% déjà à une pression de 350 MPa, et de 39,2% pour un noyau sel soufflé. According to the invention, the process uses one or more salt powder cores obtained by isostatic compaction in the foundry mold. The diagram shown in FIG. 4 thus highlights the compressibility curves of the core in each type of known embodiment mentioned above and according to the invention. There is thus the very clear differentiation which is obtained with the salt nucleus by isostatic compaction with regard to the prior art. In essence, this table highlights a specific advantage of the method according to the invention compared to the prior art. At a forging pressure of 600 MPa, the deformation of the salt core by compression was measured. The deformation rate of the salt nucleus by isostatic compression is only 4%, whereas the deformations for a sintered salt core are 24.2%, for a sand core of 29% already at a pressure of 350 MPa, and of , 2% for a puffed salt core.
Le Demandeur a donc mis en évidence l'utilisation d'un noyau sel dans le cadre du procédé de coulage de fonderie de pièce en aluminium ou en alliage d'aluminium pour la réalisation d'une préforme de fonderie, la dite préforme étant transportée pour une opération de forgeage à une pression de 600 à 700 MPa, l'utilisation d'un noyau de sel obtenu par compression isostatique qui présente lors du forgeage une très faible déformation de compression de l'ordre de 3 à 6%, et plus spécifiquement 4%, ce qui permet de travailler les tracés de pièces avec une plus grande fiabilité. The Applicant has therefore demonstrated the use of a salt core as part of the casting process of aluminum or aluminum alloy casting for the production of a foundry preform, said preform being transported for a forging operation at a pressure of 600 to 700 MPa, the use of a salt nucleus obtained by isostatic compression which exhibits, during the forging, a very small compression deformation of the order of 3 to 6%, and more specifically 4%, which makes it possible to work the parts with greater reliability.
La solution technique mise en œuvre dans le procédé revendiqué avec l'utilisation d'un noyau de sel à compression isostatique apporte un avantage inattendu et d'un très grand intérêt pratique pour le calcul des caractéristiques et dimensions des pièces à obtenir avec des déformations maîtrisées et dans une fourchette de variations très faibles (entre 3 et 6% et de préférence 4%) par rapport à l'art antérieur. Il y a lieu de préciser également que l'invention ne requiert aucun liant pour la fabrication du noyau par compaction isostatique de poudre de sel. Cela signifie donc qu'il n'y a pas de nécessité d'évacuer le liant ou les gaz provenant de la combustion des liants comme il apparaît dans le brevet PCT WO 2009/050382. The technical solution implemented in the process claimed with the use of an isostatic compression salt core provides an unexpected advantage and of great practical interest for the calculation of the characteristics and dimensions of the parts to be obtained with controlled deformations. and in a range of very small variations (between 3 and 6% and preferably 4%) compared to the prior art. It is necessary to specify also that the invention requires no binder for the manufacture of the core by isostatic compaction of salt powder. This therefore means that there is no need to evacuate the binder or gases from the binder combustion as it appears in PCT patent WO 2009/050382.

Claims

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S R E V E N D I C A T IO N S
-1- Procédé de fabrication du noyau de sel en vue d'être introduit dans un moule de fonderie par coulage de pièces en aluminium, alliage d'aluminium ou alliages légers obtenues suivant des opérations de coulage de fonderie pour la réalisation d'une préforme de fonderie, caractérisé en ce que le noyau est une poudre de sel et subit pour sa mise en forme une opération de compression isostatique de la poudre de sel, le noyau obtenu aux formes souhaitées étant ensuite introduit dans le moule de fonderie pour réaliser la forme à obtenir, et en ce que la forme issue de l'opération de fonderie est une préforme incluant le noyau en poudre de sel obtenue par compression isostatique, la dite préforme étant ensuite forgée avec son noyau à une pression entre 600 et 700 MPa en vue de l'obtention de la forme finale du produit à obtenir, et le noyau étant ensuite évacué. -1- Process for manufacturing the salt core for introduction into a casting mold by casting aluminum, aluminum alloy or light alloy parts obtained by casting foundry operations for the production of a preform of foundry, characterized in that the core is a salt powder and undergoes for its shaping an operation of isostatic compression of the salt powder, the core obtained to the desired shapes being then introduced into the foundry mold to achieve the shape to obtain, and in that the form resulting from the foundry operation is a preform including the salt powder core obtained by isostatic compression, said preform being then forged with its core at a pressure between 600 and 700 MPa in order to of obtaining the final form of the product to be obtained, and the core is then evacuated.
-2- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un ou plusieurs noyaux disposé(s) dans le moule de fonderie -2- Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises one or more cores disposed (s) in the foundry mold
-3- Utilisation d'un noyau sel obtenu par compaction isostatique dans un procédé de coulage de fonderie de pièces en aluminium ou en alliage d'aluminium pour la réalisation d'une préforme de fonderie, la dite préforme étant transportée pour une opération de forgeage dans une matrice de forge à une pression de 600 à 700 MPa, le noyau étant entouré de métal solide. -3- Use of a salt core obtained by isostatic compaction in a foundry casting process of aluminum or aluminum alloy parts for the production of a foundry preform, said preform being transported for a forging operation in a forge matrix at a pressure of 600 to 700 MPa, the core being surrounded by solid metal.
EP11817392.1A 2010-12-23 2011-12-19 Process for manufacturing a salt core by isostatic compaction for parts implementing successive foundry and forging operations Not-in-force EP2654988B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL11817392T PL2654988T3 (en) 2010-12-23 2011-12-19 Process for manufacturing a salt core by isostatic compaction for parts implementing successive foundry and forging operations
RS20180776A RS57440B1 (en) 2010-12-23 2011-12-19 Process for manufacturing a salt core by isostatic compaction for parts implementing successive foundry and forging operations
HRP20181019TT HRP20181019T1 (en) 2010-12-23 2018-07-03 Process for manufacturing a salt core by isostatic compaction for parts implementing successive foundry and forging operations

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1061116A FR2969516B1 (en) 2010-12-23 2010-12-23 PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SALT CORE BY ISOSTATIC COMPACTION UILIZABLE IN FOUNDRY OR FOUNDRY-FORGING
PCT/FR2011/053052 WO2012085427A1 (en) 2010-12-23 2011-12-19 Process for manufacturing a salt core by isostatic compaction for parts implementing successive foundry and forging operations

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2654988A1 true EP2654988A1 (en) 2013-10-30
EP2654988B1 EP2654988B1 (en) 2018-05-02

Family

ID=44265717

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11817392.1A Not-in-force EP2654988B1 (en) 2010-12-23 2011-12-19 Process for manufacturing a salt core by isostatic compaction for parts implementing successive foundry and forging operations

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US9149866B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2654988B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5866377B2 (en)
CN (1) CN103347625B (en)
BR (1) BR112013015968A2 (en)
ES (1) ES2675808T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2969516B1 (en)
HR (1) HRP20181019T1 (en)
HU (1) HUE039586T2 (en)
PL (1) PL2654988T3 (en)
PT (1) PT2654988T (en)
RS (1) RS57440B1 (en)
TR (1) TR201809508T4 (en)
WO (1) WO2012085427A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20200031714A1 (en) * 2017-03-31 2020-01-30 Yissum Research Development Company Of The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem Ltd. Compressed salt objects
JP7382762B2 (en) * 2019-08-27 2023-11-17 株式会社ディスコ How to judge the quality of processing results of laser processing equipment
CN114074167A (en) * 2021-11-11 2022-02-22 上海工程技术大学 Difficult-deformation aluminum alloy plate cake component and composite forming method thereof

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE119365T1 (en) 1983-03-14 1985-03-07 Thomas Di Saint Chamond Serio METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING PIECES FROM ALUMINUM OR ALUMINUM ALLOY AND PIECES OBTAINED IN THIS WAY.
BR8407035A (en) * 1983-04-26 1985-07-30 Gkn Technology Ltd PROCESS FOR FORMATION OF METALLIC ITEMS BY COMPRESSION
IN160562B (en) * 1983-04-26 1987-07-18 Gkn Technology Ltd
GB8314089D0 (en) * 1983-05-20 1983-06-29 Doulton Ind Products Ltd Moulding
CN85101949A (en) * 1985-04-01 1987-01-17 Gkn科技有限公司 The method of squeeze forming of metallic article
DE4023618C2 (en) * 1990-07-25 1993-11-18 Daimler Benz Ag Process for the production of hollow moldings by plasma spraying
FR2695050B1 (en) 1992-08-31 1994-10-21 Serio Thomas Di Process for manufacturing cast alloy parts with reinforcement zones.
US5941651A (en) 1994-06-10 1999-08-24 Di Serio; Thomas Process for the fabrication of parts made of cast alloys with reinforcement zones
JP3149374B2 (en) 1996-12-27 2001-03-26 株式会社シマノ Bicycle hollow crank and manufacturing method thereof
IT1295226B1 (en) * 1997-10-14 1999-05-04 Magneti Marelli Spa PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PRESSED OR INJECTION-PRINTED PRODUCTS USING SALT CORE.
DE102005018614B4 (en) * 2005-04-21 2016-07-28 Emil Müller GmbH Process for the preparation of water-soluble salt cores
FR2921574B1 (en) 2007-09-28 2010-04-16 Sifcor METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING HOLLOW FORGED PARTS AND PARTS THUS OBTAINED
JP5324979B2 (en) * 2009-03-27 2013-10-23 株式会社神戸製鋼所 Powder forged products with excellent fatigue strength, mixed powders for powder forging, and fractured connecting rods

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TR201809508T4 (en) 2018-07-23
EP2654988B1 (en) 2018-05-02
CN103347625A (en) 2013-10-09
WO2012085427A1 (en) 2012-06-28
HRP20181019T1 (en) 2018-08-24
ES2675808T3 (en) 2018-07-12
RU2013132875A (en) 2015-01-27
FR2969516A1 (en) 2012-06-29
US20130299115A1 (en) 2013-11-14
PL2654988T3 (en) 2018-10-31
JP2014501622A (en) 2014-01-23
BR112013015968A2 (en) 2018-07-10
CN103347625B (en) 2015-11-25
JP5866377B2 (en) 2016-02-17
RS57440B1 (en) 2018-09-28
HUE039586T2 (en) 2019-01-28
FR2969516B1 (en) 2013-08-16
PT2654988T (en) 2018-07-06
US9149866B2 (en) 2015-10-06

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN101274361B (en) Low speed vacuum squeeze casting technology
FR2464772A1 (en) PROCESS FOR AGGLOMERATING AND HOT COMPRESSING POWDER USING A RECYCLABLE CONTAINER
CA2493445C (en) Reinforced composite mechanical component, and method for making same
FR2474911A1 (en) PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING SINTERED METAL PARTS
EP2654988B1 (en) Process for manufacturing a salt core by isostatic compaction for parts implementing successive foundry and forging operations
WO2003047791A1 (en) Cast part with enhanced wear resistance
EP2074237B1 (en) Process for manufacturing hot-forged parts made of a magnesium alloy
CA2041682C (en) Low pressure lost foam moulding process for aluminum alloy parts
EP2382064B1 (en) Press tooling
JPH11104799A (en) Structure of die for injection molding light metal alloy and molding for light metal alloy parts using it
FR2766743A1 (en) POWDER COMPRESSION TOOLS FOR SINTERING EQUIPMENT
FR2504425A1 (en) Sintered metal parts prodn. - by pressing mixt. of metal powder and binder in die contg. holes, so binder is forced through holes to leave metal compact which is sintered
FR2864915A1 (en) Fabrication of a segment set with diamonds for a cutting tool by high pressure forging and sintering of a metal powder, notably for hard concrete and asphalt
FR2619035A1 (en) PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS FROM METALLIC OR NON-METALLIC POWDERS
BE885152A (en) PROCESS FOR AGGLOMERATING AND HOT COMPRESSING A POWDER USING A RECYCLABLE CONTAINER
FR2528743A1 (en) Thin workpieces with complex shape made by hot isostatic pressing - esp. aircraft nose cone made from titanium alloy powder in steel mould with outer deformable wall
KR20160051116A (en) Manufaxturing method of tubular casting
EP2891532A1 (en) Method for manufacturing parts made of titanium from a foundry operation followed by an operation of forging said parts
BE823111A (en) EXTRA-HARD PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING PROCESS
JP2007083264A (en) Method for producing aluminum product
FR2806948A1 (en) Fabrication of metal piece by compaction of lump of the metal in mould in the pasty state
BE473279A (en)
KR20020083822A (en) Casting method for break drum using squeeze casting method
FR2901783A1 (en) Glassware mold comprises an imprint and a composite structure having a first sintered material obtained from covered particles, a second sintered material and a third sintered material
FR2864459A1 (en) Fabrication of light alloy components by casting with cooling prior to a pressing operation, to produce a product without burrs

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20130617

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: GC

Effective date: 20150325

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20161006

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20180202

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 994656

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20180515

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602011048105

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: FRENCH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: RO

Ref legal event code: EPE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: HR

Ref legal event code: TUEP

Ref document number: P20181019

Country of ref document: HR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: PT

Ref legal event code: SC4A

Ref document number: 2654988

Country of ref document: PT

Date of ref document: 20180706

Kind code of ref document: T

Free format text: AVAILABILITY OF NATIONAL TRANSLATION

Effective date: 20180702

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2675808

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

Effective date: 20180712

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: FP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: HR

Ref legal event code: T1PR

Ref document number: P20181019

Country of ref document: HR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180802

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: SK

Ref legal event code: T3

Ref document number: E 27866

Country of ref document: SK

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180803

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 994656

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20180502

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: HR

Ref legal event code: ODRP

Ref document number: P20181019

Country of ref document: HR

Payment date: 20181120

Year of fee payment: 8

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: HU

Ref legal event code: AG4A

Ref document number: E039586

Country of ref document: HU

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602011048105

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20190205

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181219

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: HR

Ref legal event code: ODRP

Ref document number: P20181019

Country of ref document: HR

Payment date: 20191121

Year of fee payment: 9

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181231

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181231

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SK

Payment date: 20191120

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: CZ

Payment date: 20191126

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: PT

Payment date: 20191120

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20191125

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: RO

Payment date: 20191210

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: IE

Payment date: 20191121

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: BG

Payment date: 20191129

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20191119

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RS

Payment date: 20191126

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20191120

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20191122

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: PL

Payment date: 20191122

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: HR

Payment date: 20191121

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20191121

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Payment date: 20191202

Year of fee payment: 9

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20191122

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20200102

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: HU

Payment date: 20200102

Year of fee payment: 9

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180502

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180502

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180902

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 602011048105

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: HR

Ref legal event code: PBON

Ref document number: P20181019

Country of ref document: HR

Effective date: 20201219

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20201219

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20201219

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210621

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20210101

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20201219

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: SK

Ref legal event code: MM4A

Ref document number: E 27866

Country of ref document: SK

Effective date: 20201219

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20201231

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20201219

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210101

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20201219

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20201219

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20201219

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20201220

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210630

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20201231

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20201219

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210701

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20201219

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20220412

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20201219

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20201220

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20201231

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20201219