EP2654121A1 - Strahlbildungsnetz einer Antenne mit geringem Platzbedarf für kreis- oder kegelstumpfförmiges Antennennetz - Google Patents

Strahlbildungsnetz einer Antenne mit geringem Platzbedarf für kreis- oder kegelstumpfförmiges Antennennetz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2654121A1
EP2654121A1 EP13163734.0A EP13163734A EP2654121A1 EP 2654121 A1 EP2654121 A1 EP 2654121A1 EP 13163734 A EP13163734 A EP 13163734A EP 2654121 A1 EP2654121 A1 EP 2654121A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
network
antenna
outputs
waveguides
beam forming
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Application number
EP13163734.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2654121B1 (de
Inventor
Shadi Khureim-Castiglioni
Benjamin Monteillet
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
    • H01P5/181—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being hollow waveguides
    • H01P5/182—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being hollow waveguides the waveguides being arranged in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/19—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port of the junction type
    • H01P5/22—Hybrid ring junctions
    • H01P5/227—90° branch line couplers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H01Q21/205—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path providing an omnidirectional coverage

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a low-profile antenna beam forming network for a circular or truncated-conical antenna network and an antenna device comprising such a network.
  • the field of the invention is that of antennal networks, in particular for Ka-band satellite antennas, but also that of devices enabling the formation of antenna beams by routing the appropriate signal to the different antenna elements of a network in order to configure the diagram of the antenna formed by all of said elements.
  • the invention relates to the field of beam-forming devices based on coupler networks as well as the fields associated with waveguide technology.
  • the invention is advantageously applicable for truncated-conical antenna beam formation of the type described in the applicant's European patent application published under the number EP0512487 and dealing with a formed lobe antenna and great gain.
  • European patent application published under the number EP0512487 and dealing with a formed lobe antenna and great gain.
  • the contents of this earlier application are incorporated by reference in this application.
  • the invention is however not limited to use for truncated-conical antennas, it can also be applied for any antennal network whose access points to the antennal element power supplies are arranged on the circumference of a circle.
  • the European patent application EP0512487 describes a truncated-conical antenna, usable for the transmission of data between a satellite and a ground station, whose main characteristics are recalled to the figure 1 .
  • Such an antenna comprises a shaped network 10 disposed on a shaped surface 11 having an axis of revolution and a truncated-conical profile.
  • the network 10 consists of sources or radiating elements 13 arranged along generatrices 12 of the shaped surface 11 truncated conical.
  • the set of radiating sources 13 of the same generator constitutes a sub-network.
  • the antenna further comprises, for each generator, a phase-shifter 14 and a passive distributor 15 dividing the signal in amplitude and in phase between each of the sources 13.
  • the figure 2 schematizes an exemplary embodiment of the antenna described in the aforementioned patent application comprising twenty-four sub-networks 21 each consisting of a row of radiating elements (not shown).
  • Butler 22 matrices with four inputs and four outputs commonly referred to as Butler 4x4 matrices are used.
  • a Butler matrix is a passive device, composed of couplers and phase shifters, commonly used for the formation of antenna beams.
  • a Butler matrix 22 is used to feed four antenna sub-arrays arranged at 90 ° angular distance from one another as shown in FIG. figure 2 .
  • six Butler matrices are required to address all twenty-four subnetworks 21.
  • connections 23,24,25,26 are made with coaxial cables which make it possible to respect several technical constraints.
  • the isolongeur must be respected between the main signal access and each antennal subnetwork. This point is important to avoid the introduction of unmaintained phase shifts and phase dispersion on the routed signals to the antennal subnetworks.
  • the length of the cables must be minimized so as to limit the overall size of the antenna and the losses.
  • the traditional coaxial cables suffer from excessive high frequency losses. to constitute an acceptable technical solution, that is to say that the signal suffers too much attenuation.
  • a linear Butler matrix 31 is shown on the upper part of the figure 3 . It has four inputs and four outputs arranged linearly, that is to say that all the outputs are arranged on the same side of the matrix and all the inputs are arranged on the opposite side to the outputs.
  • the invention aims to solve the aforementioned insulation and congestion management problems by proposing an antenna beam forming network arranged to respect these constraints.
  • Such a network is particularly suitable for a truncated-conical antenna for communications between a satellite and a ground station as described in the European application. EP0512487 incorporated by reference.
  • the subject of the invention is thus a beam forming network for an antenna array, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of superimposed elements each comprising a cross coupler array comprising two opposite groups of a number K of paired inputs. and two opposing groups of a number K of paired outputs, a number, equal to the number of inputs, of rigid input waveguides of equal lengths connected at one end to said inputs of the coupler array and adapted to receive, at their free opposite ends, a supply signal and a number, equal to the number of outputs, of rigid output waveguides of equal lengths connected at one end to said outputs of the network couplers and intended to be connected at their free opposite ends to the radiating elements of said antenna array to feed them, the lengths of said waveguides of each element e configured so that the electrical path traveled by a wave between a free end of an input waveguide connected to a given input (E1, E2, E3, E4) and a free end of a waveguide output waveform connected to a given output (S
  • a network of cross couplers is formed of a plurality of couplers with K inputs and K outputs arranged to form a cross.
  • the value of the predetermined angle is substantially equal to a multiple of 360 ° divided by the number N of antenna elements to feed.
  • said free ends of the input waveguides are arranged in a first plane substantially parallel to the plane of the cross network and said free ends of the output waveguides are arranged in a second plane substantially parallel to the plane of the cross network and disposed on the opposite side to the foreground.
  • the free ends of the output waveguides are arranged on the circumference of a circle equitably.
  • the output waveguides connected to a pair of paired outputs are oriented, at their connection with said outputs, so as to form between them an angle substantially equal to 180 / K degrees.
  • the total number 2K of inputs and the total number 2K of outputs of the matrix is equal to four.
  • each output waveguide comprises at least a first branch, connected to a first output of a cross coupler array, extending in a direction forming a 45 ° angle. with the axis passing through two opposite outlets of said network of couplers, a second branch connected at one end to the first branch and extending at the other end to a point on the axis of symmetry of said circle passing through the free end of the waveguide and a third branch connected to the second branch and extending to the free end.
  • said waveguides are formed of aluminum.
  • the invention also relates to an antenna array characterized in that it comprises a plurality of radiating elements arranged in antennal subnetworks, the supply inputs of said antennal sub-networks being arranged equidistributed on the circumference of the antenna.
  • a circle a splitter for dividing the power of a supply signal between the plurality of radiating elements and a beam forming network according to the invention arranged so that the free ends of the input waveguides are connected to the outputs of said splitter and the free ends of the output waveguides are connected to the power inputs of the antenna subnetworks.
  • each element of said beam forming network is connected to a number equal to 2K of antenna subnetworks whose feed inputs are equidistributed on said circle.
  • each antenna subarray consists of a plurality of radiating elements arranged linearly on the shaped surface of a cone.
  • the antenna array according to the invention further comprises, on each input waveguide, a phase shifter adapted to apply a phase shift to the power supply signal.
  • the antennal network according to the invention is used in frequency band Ka.
  • the invention consists in using a network of cross couplers as represented in FIGS. Figures 4a and 4c .
  • the network of cross couplers 40 schematized at the figure 4a comprises two paired inputs E1, E2 arranged at the end of a first branch 41 of the cross and two paired inputs E3, E4 disposed at the end of a second branch 42 of the cross opposite to the first branch 41. similarly, two paired outputs S1, S2 are arranged at the end of a third branch 43 and two other paired outputs S3, S4 are arranged at the end of a fourth branch 44 opposite the third branch 43.
  • a network of cross couplers 40 is characterized by the opposite positioning of the pair of pairs of paired outputs (S1, S2), (S3, S4) as well as the pair of paired inputs (E1, E2), (E3 , E4).
  • a cross coupler array 40 is more advantageous than a linear coupler array, such as the Butler matrix 31 shown in FIG. figure 3 to feed four antennal subnets arranged around a circle and spaced at an angular distance of 90 ° as shown in FIG. figure 2 as will be described in more detail later.
  • the opposite orientation of the two pairs of outputs (S1, S2) and (S3, S4) of the network 40 makes it easier to address antenna arrays arranged in opposition on a circle, in other words located at an angular distance of 180 ° from each other.
  • the figure 4b represents an example of a coupler 401 used to make a network of 4x4 cross couplers.
  • the coupler 401 has two inputs I 1 , I 2 and two outputs O 1 , O 2 . It has two parallel transmission lines physically linked together by three branches.
  • the coupler 401 shown in FIG. figure 4b is given by way of example and can be replaced by any other two-input and two-output coupling device which distributes the power of the input signal on the two outputs with a possible phase shift of an output relative to the output. another of a multiple of 90 °.
  • the figure 4c represents a network of cross couplers 40 formed of four couplers 401, 402, 403, 404 arranged to form four branches of a cross.
  • a first output O 1 of a first coupler 401 is connected by forming a + 90 ° elbow at a first input of a second coupler 402.
  • a second output O 2 of the first coupler 401 is connected with a bend at -90 ° at a first input of a third coupler 403.
  • a fourth coupler 404 are respectively connected to the second input of the second coupler 402 with a bend at -90 ° and the second input of the third coupler 403 with a bend at + 90 °.
  • the arrangement of the four couplers forms a cross.
  • the power of the signal is routed to the four outputs S1, S2, S3, S4 so as to obtain a given amplitude and phase law.
  • the figure 5 schematically a stack 50 of six cross coupler networks arranged to address twenty four antenna subnets as in the example of the figure 2 .
  • Each network of couplers 51 is stacked on the preceding 52 by printing a rotation of an angle equal to 360 / N degrees, where N is equal to the number of antennal subnetworks to feed, around a z axis of rotation common to all networks. This angle is also equal to the angular difference between each subnetwork of the antennal network.
  • the z axis is also an axis of symmetry of each coupler array as well as the set consisting of the stack of the six coupler networks as shown in FIG. figure 5 .
  • each coupler array 51 is rotated at an angle of 15 ° about the z-axis with respect to the grating 52 located just below it.
  • each coupler array is arranged so that its outputs are oriented to the appropriate antennal subnetwork.
  • the angle of rotation printed between two superimposed coupler networks may be any multiple of 360 / N degrees which is not necessarily linearly increasing with the order of rotation. stacking networks.
  • the angles of rotation between two superimposed coupler networks of the same set may also not be constant.
  • the arrangement 50 of the set of coupler arrays is advantageously arranged between a one-to-N power distributor situated below the stack and the cone 53 formed by all the antennal sub-networks in the preferred case. joint use with a truncated-conical antenna or more generally the plane of the inputs of the antennal sub-networks.
  • the figure 6 represents an example of a beam forming network 600 according to the invention comprising four stacked elements 631,632,633,634.
  • Each element consists of a network of cross couplers 601,602,603,604 as described in Figures 4a and 4b and a plurality of waveguides for feeding the feed signal from a splitter to an antenna array.
  • Four waveguides 611, 612, 613, 614 are connected to the four outputs of each coupler array 601. These are subsequently referred to as output waveguides.
  • Four other waveguides 621, 622, 623, 644 are connected to the four inputs of each coupler array 601. They are subsequently referred to as input waveguides.
  • the input waveguides are arranged so that the inputs of a coupler array can be connected to the corresponding outputs of a power splitter (not shown in FIG. figure 6 ) arranged in a plane parallel to the plane of the network, that is to say to the plane defined by the two branches of the cross.
  • the output waveguides are arranged to be able to connect the outputs of a coupler array to the corresponding power inputs of an antenna array (not shown in FIG. figure 6 ) disposed in another plane parallel to the plane of the couplers.
  • the beam forming network according to the invention is intended to be positioned between a splitter and an antenna array.
  • the invention is not limited to a stack of a plurality of coupler networks as indicated in FIG. figure 6 but may also consist of a single network of couplers for feeding four antenna subnetworks if the antenna device does not have more than four antennal subnetworks. The number of elements of the stack is directly defined by the number of antennal subnetworks to feed.
  • the figure 7 schematically represents the arrangement of the beam forming network according to the invention when it is integrated in a global antennal device.
  • the input waveguides of the cross coupler networks 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76 are connected to a splitter disposed in a first plane 701 substantially parallel to the plane 70 defined by the branches of the cross. This plane is the one defined by the z and y axes on the figure 5 or any other plane parallel to it.
  • the splitter has the function of dividing the amplitude supply signal into as many necessary signals as antennal subnetworks to supply.
  • the output waveguides of the couplers are connected to the power inputs of the antenna subnetworks. These inputs are disposed on the circumference of a circle located in a second plane 702 also substantially parallel to the plane 700 of each coupler and disposed on the couplers side opposite to that of the first plane 701.
  • the length A i, for i varying from 1 to 6 corresponds to the path traveled by the waveguide between the output of the coupler array and the input of the antenna subnetwork.
  • the length Bi corresponds to the path traveled by the waveguide between the output of the splitter and the input of the coupler network.
  • the lengths of said waveguides of each element are configured so that the electrical path traveled by a wave between a free end of an input waveguide and a free end of a waveguide constant output for all elements.
  • the electrical path traversed by a wave between a free end of an input waveguide and a free end of an output waveguide for an element 631 is equal to the electrical path traversed by a wave between a free end of an input waveguide and a free end of an output waveguide for the other elements 632,633,634 by considering an input waveguide and a waveguide output wave associated with the same input or output numbers of the coupler networks 601,602,603,604.
  • the path traveled by a wave between a free end of the input waveguide connected to the input E1 of a coupler array and a free end of the output waveguide connected to the output S1 of the same network of couplers is constant for all elements.
  • the figure 8a describes an antennal device of the type disclosed in the previous application EP0512487 .
  • This device comprises at least one antenna array 801 comprising a plurality of radiating elements disposed on the generatrices of the surface of a cone, a beam forming network 802 according to the invention, a power distributor 803 and a plurality of phase shifters. 804.
  • the antennal device described in figure 8 comprises 24 rows of radiating elements which constitute antenna subnetworks 811. Each antenna subnetwork is fed via an entry point (not shown).
  • the 24 feed-in points are arranged in the same plane and on the circumference of a circle which corresponds, for example, to the base of the truncated-conical surface.
  • Each power supply input is fed by the beam forming network 802 according to the invention via an output waveguide 821 which makes it possible to connect this input to a network of couplers 822.
  • the same network 822 is connected at the output to four power inputs arranged at an angular distance of 90 ° from each other as already explained.
  • the inputs of the coupler array 822 are connected to a passive splitter 803 through input waveguides 823.
  • a phase shifter 804 is further disposed on each input waveguide 823 to enable precise control. in phase of each subnetwork of the antennal network 801 and indirectly the amplitude control or more generally the parameterization of the transfer function of the coupler networks.
  • the passive splitter 803 is responsible for distributing the power of the signal between the 24 input waveguides.
  • the antenna beam forming network 802 makes it possible to respect the insulation between the feed inputs of the antenna array 801 and the passive splitter 803. It can be used in a similar way to supply any antenna array with formation. beam whose power inputs are arranged on the circumference of a circle.
  • the figure 8b represents another view of the antennal device of the figure 8 on which one distinguishes the passive distributor 803 which realizes a distribution of the power of the signal generated towards the 24 input waveguides of the beam forming network 802 according to the invention.
  • the input waveguides must be arranged to allow a compact connection with the corresponding outputs of the passive splitter 803 which itself has a plurality of outputs directed outwards so as to be able to connect with the different guides. input waves.
  • the splitter 803 has 12 outputs oriented in one direction and 12 outputs oriented in the opposite direction.
  • the passive splitter does not modify the phase of the various signals, the electrical path of each channel being identical and thus the isophase is respected between the different signals input phase shifters 804.
  • the passive splitter 803 can be replaced by 24 unit amplifiers or any other equivalent device adapted to carry the power of the signal to the 24 waveguides.
  • the figure 9 schematizes a partial view of the antennal device of the figure 8 for which only two networks 910,920 stacked couplers are represented.
  • the axis of symmetry of the first cross network 910 is rotated a predetermined angle with respect to the axis of symmetry of the second cross network 920 on which the first cross network 910 is superimposed.
  • the input waveguides 925, 926, 927, 928 of the second coupler array 920 are also offset at the same angle to the input waveguides 915, 916, 917, 918 of the first coupler array 910.
  • each coupler network feeds four antennal subnetworks separated by a 90 ° angular difference.
  • the network of couplers superimposed on the preceding feeds four other antennal subnetworks offset by an angle of 15 °.
  • the output waveguides must be arranged so as to allow the feeding of the antennal sub-networks to which they are attached and so as to minimize the overall size of the device.
  • the figure 10 schematically shows a top view of a network of couplers 910 and four output waveguides 911,912,913,914 connected to the respective four outputs of the network 910. Each of the outputs must be connected to the power input 931, 932, 933, 934 of an antenna subnetwork.
  • the inputs to be fed are arranged on the circumference of a circle 930.
  • a cross network 910 is in charge of feeding four inputs 931, 932, 933, 934 arranged on this circle 930 at an angular distance of 90 °, some of others as schematized on the figure 10 .
  • the figure 10 shows that to obtain this result, the output waveguides 911, 912, 913, 914 can be arranged in a particular geometric configuration.
  • a first branch 91, of the waveguide 911 is connected to a first output S1 of the coupler array 910 and extends in a direction forming an angle of 45 ° with the axis passing through two opposite outputs S1, S4 of the Similarly, the waveguide 912, connected to a second output S2 matched to the first output S1, that is to say disposed on the same output branch of the cross network 910 as the first output S1 comprises a first branch 94 which extends in a direction also forming an angle of 45 ° with the same axis A1 and forming an angle of 90 ° with the first branch 91 of the first waveguide 911.
  • the waveguides 911, 912, connected to two paired outlets S1, S2 are oriented to form an angular distance of 90 ° equal to the angular distance between the two antennal subnetworks 931, 932 which they must feed.
  • the first waveguide 911 also comprises a second branch 92, substantially perpendicular to the first branch 91, and which extends to the axis of symmetry D1 of the circle 930 which passes through the input 931 to supply.
  • a third branch 93 connected to the second branch 92, extends along the axis of symmetry D1 to the input 931.
  • the second waveguide 912 also has a second and a third arm arranged similarly to reach the second input 932 disposed on the circle 930 at a 90 ° angular distance from the first input 931.
  • the third and fourth output waveguides 913, 914 are arranged identically to connect the third and fourth outputs S3, S4 of the matrix 910 to the third and fourth power inputs 933, 934.
  • the figure 11 represents a view from below of the figure 9 which makes it possible to visualize the geometrical arrangement of the output waveguides described schematically in the figure 10 .
  • the output waveguides may be composed of a number of branches greater than three to adapt to the specific geometrical constraints of the antenna device.
  • the arrangement of the output waveguides described in support of figures 10 and 11 has the effect of allowing a compact connection between the outputs of the network of cross couplers 910 and 931,932,933,934 antennal subnets to feed.
  • the second branch 92 of a waveguide 911 is not necessarily perpendicular to the two other branches 91, 93 but must make it possible to connect the axis D1 of symmetry of the circle 930 which passes through the feed inlet 931 of the antennal subnetwork to feed.
  • the 4x4 coupler network can be replaced by a single coupler with two inputs and two outputs.
  • the antennal subnetworks fed by the two outputs of the coupler network will not be separated by an angular difference of 90 ° but by an angular difference of 180 °.
  • the 4x4 cross coupler network can be replaced by a network of 2K input and 2K output couplers, where K is an integer greater than or equal to one.
  • the output waveguides will be oriented so as to feed antennal networks spaced apart by an angular difference equal to 180 / K degrees.
  • the invention has the advantage of allowing the realization of a beam-forming antennal device in frequency bands greater than 20 GHz which is compact in mass and volume while respecting the iso-length constraint between the passive distributor and the antennal subnetworks to feed.

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EP20130163734 2012-04-20 2013-04-15 Strahlbildungsnetz einer Antenne mit geringem Platzbedarf für kreis- oder kegelstumpfförmiges Antennennetz Active EP2654121B1 (de)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1201167A FR2989843B1 (fr) 2012-04-20 2012-04-20 Reseau de formation de faisceau d'antenne a faible encombrement pour reseau antennaire circulaire ou tronc-conique

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EP2654121A1 true EP2654121A1 (de) 2013-10-23
EP2654121B1 EP2654121B1 (de) 2014-09-24

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EP3379640A4 (de) * 2016-01-12 2018-12-19 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Einspeisungskreis und antennenvorrichtung
EP3422465A4 (de) * 2016-02-24 2019-10-23 NEC Space Technologies, Ltd. Hybridschaltung, stromversorgungsschaltung, antennenvorrichtung und stromversorgungsverfahren
CN115548619A (zh) * 2022-12-01 2022-12-30 四川太赫兹通信有限公司 一种太赫兹四路功分器及超宽带辐射源
FR3130459A1 (fr) 2021-12-15 2023-06-16 Airbus Defence And Space Sas Antenne active notamment pour le domaine spatial

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EP0512487A1 (de) 1991-05-06 1992-11-11 Alcatel Espace Antenne mit geformter Strahlungskeule und hohem Gewinn
US20050259019A1 (en) * 2004-05-24 2005-11-24 Science Applications International Corporation Radial constrained lens
US7508343B1 (en) * 2006-09-26 2009-03-24 Rockwell Collins, Inc. Switched beam forming network for an amplitude monopulse directional and omnidirectional antenna

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3379640A4 (de) * 2016-01-12 2018-12-19 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Einspeisungskreis und antennenvorrichtung
EP3422465A4 (de) * 2016-02-24 2019-10-23 NEC Space Technologies, Ltd. Hybridschaltung, stromversorgungsschaltung, antennenvorrichtung und stromversorgungsverfahren
FR3130459A1 (fr) 2021-12-15 2023-06-16 Airbus Defence And Space Sas Antenne active notamment pour le domaine spatial
WO2023111001A1 (fr) 2021-12-15 2023-06-22 Airbus Defence And Space Sas Antenne active notamment pour le domaine spatial
CN115548619A (zh) * 2022-12-01 2022-12-30 四川太赫兹通信有限公司 一种太赫兹四路功分器及超宽带辐射源
CN115548619B (zh) * 2022-12-01 2023-03-10 四川太赫兹通信有限公司 一种太赫兹四路功分器及超宽带辐射源

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FR2989843B1 (fr) 2015-02-27
ES2524547T3 (es) 2014-12-10
EP2654121B1 (de) 2014-09-24

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