EP2652560A1 - Magnetic screening for timepiece hairspring - Google Patents

Magnetic screening for timepiece hairspring

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Publication number
EP2652560A1
EP2652560A1 EP11793747.4A EP11793747A EP2652560A1 EP 2652560 A1 EP2652560 A1 EP 2652560A1 EP 11793747 A EP11793747 A EP 11793747A EP 2652560 A1 EP2652560 A1 EP 2652560A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arms
spiral
magnetic
hairspring
rocker
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11793747.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2652560B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-François DIONNE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Swatch Group Research and Development SA
Original Assignee
Swatch Group Research and Development SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Swatch Group Research and Development SA filed Critical Swatch Group Research and Development SA
Priority to EP11793747.4A priority Critical patent/EP2652560B1/en
Publication of EP2652560A1 publication Critical patent/EP2652560A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2652560B1 publication Critical patent/EP2652560B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B43/00—Protecting clockworks by shields or other means against external influences, e.g. magnetic fields
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/063—Balance construction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/22—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of temperature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/22—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of temperature
    • G04B17/222—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of temperature with balances
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/22—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of temperature
    • G04B17/227—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of temperature composition and manufacture of the material used
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B43/00—Protecting clockworks by shields or other means against external influences, e.g. magnetic fields
    • G04B43/002—Component shock protection arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for protecting a spiral of a mechanical timepiece against disruptive magnetic fields coming from outside this timepiece.
  • the material constituting the hairspring is generally made of a metal alloy such as a steel capable of remanent magnetization if it is subjected to an external magnetic field.
  • a metal alloy such as a steel capable of remanent magnetization if it is subjected to an external magnetic field.
  • the simplest and most radical solution is to completely shield the movement of the timepiece to allow no disturbing line of fields to penetrate.
  • This is the case proposed by document CH 122391 where the movement of the watch is protected by a set of elements formed of a stainless alloy, high permeability and low hysteresis, forming a magnetic screen.
  • the elements are a bowl disposed between the movement and the bottom of the watch, a dust cover ring forming a cap disposed between the movement and a casing ring, and an intermediate plate disposed between the watch plate and its dial. This way of doing things is extremely cumbersome and expensive. Indeed it requires three additional pieces that not only weigh down the watch but also increase its volume.
  • the device is constituted by a housing element having a sufficient permeance to magnetic fields, the housing element being completed by a casing ring of mild steel with which it forms a bowl enveloping the movement and forming a screen magnetic.
  • the housing element is formed by the bottom of the housing, this bottom being made of stainless and polishable alloy having a homogeneous ferritic structure.
  • the bottom and the casing ring being directly made of materials with high magnetic permeability.
  • no screen is disposed between the movement and the dial of the watch, the protection device being limited to a bowl without lid serving as housing for the movement of the watch.
  • a first disadvantage of this latter solution is that the hairspring proper is not protected against a disturbing field whatever the orientation of this field prevailing in the plane of the hairspring. Indeed, as the hairspring is off-center with respect to the center of the movement and if omnidirectional protection is desired, it is a question of proposing a device centered with respect to said hairspring and not with respect to the movement as a whole as it is the case of the document cited above.
  • Another disadvantage of this solution is to completely mask the movement, which is detrimental from an aesthetic point of view, especially for high-end watches.
  • Pendulums made of ferromagnetic materials are also known in the context of electronic watches, for example in the watches described in patent documents FR2063101 or CH361247.
  • the ferromagnetic material used for the balance does not constitute a magnetic shielding to improve the isochronism of the spiral, but is intended to cooperate with an electromagnetic circuit sustaining the oscillations.
  • FR2000706 is an example of a similar solution of an electronic watch comprising a ferromagnetic balance-regulator which is even totally devoid of spiral.
  • document CH689106 discloses spirals made with particular alloys having advantageous elasticity and thermoelastic properties for attachment with a nickel balance. No particular property of magnetic shielding is however mentioned for the balance relative to the balance spring.
  • the protection device comprises a rocker made of amorphous ferromagnetic material .
  • An advantage of the proposed solution is to achieve a powerful magnetic shielding, due to the advantageous magnetic and anticorrosive properties of amorphous metals, while advantageously reusing certain elements of the movement as a shielding element, and thus not requiring the use of no additional parts or special surface treatments. Congestion is thus reduced to the maximum, as well as production costs.
  • Another advantage of the proposed solution is to allow the visualization of the movement elements by the bottom of the watch, thus improving the overall aesthetics of the timepiece produced.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B show a spiral perspective in the plane and a portion of this spiral
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • the watchmaker faces a space problem to house the shield on the plate and in the housing. Therefore, it has been sought to find optimal solutions that combine minimal footprint and effective attenuation of the magnetic field.
  • the regulating organ of a mechanical watch is generally constituted by a spiral spring, as illustrated in FIG. 1 A.
  • the spiral is mounted around an axis of rotation Z and is wound in a plane perpendicular to this axis.
  • the diameter of the spiral in this plane is noted d, while the height of the spiral along the Z axis is denoted h.
  • Figure 1 B shows a portion of the spiral 1 which is a very long ribbon wound on itself, this ribbon preferably having a reduced height h and a very small thickness e. It follows from this that if it is polarized in the direction of the Z or orthogonally height, or in the direction of the thickness R or radially, little or no remanent magnetization will remain.
  • the casing ring 4 makes it possible to effectively protect the hairspring 1 against the disturbing magnetic fields, because the latter are deflected in greater numbers in the vertical direction of the Z axis of rotation, which is a direction of polarization according to which the hairspring is less sensitive. It will be noted however that the concentration of the field at the periphery of the arms 3 and at the level of the circle 4 always tends to locally increase this field, hence the need to provide a casing ring 4 of diameter D which is relatively large compared with the diameter. d spiral 1, preferably at least twice so that no part of the spiral, even at the outermost level, can suffer this undesirable effect of concentration.
  • the process of producing movement parts made of ferromagnetic material that is to say having a magnetic susceptibility (generally noted by the Greek letter ⁇ ) very high, had until now never been considered by the man of the watchmaking business because of the strong tendency to oxidation of the usual ferromagnetic materials, in particular by the presence of iron and the deficiency of chromium in these alloys.
  • the high magnetic saturation material used to make the casing ring 4 and the arms 3 is an amorphous iron-based alloy, for example an iron-nickel, iron-cobalt or iron-chromium alloy, or alloys of the same type.
  • iron-nickel-molybdenum, iron-nickel-copper This type of alloy is recognized for its low coercivity properties and high magnetic permeability, that is to say with very narrow hysteresis cycles, and with a very high slope, are also very resistant to corrosion and thus particularly suitable for the implementation of the invention.
  • the chemical nature of the alloy is chosen so that the magnetic behavior of the material has a high magnetic permeability and saturation level, such as a Permenorm iron-nickel alloy with a nickel content of 45 to 50%.
  • the rocker 2 comprises at least four flattened arms which extend in the winding plane of the spiral.
  • the balance is constantly rotated and a substantially flat surface is emulated to form a magnetic shield in this plane.
  • the attenuation is of the order of half between an external field and the field where the hairspring 1 is located, whose diameter / and height h preferably respect the ratios stated above in relation to those D, H of the casing circle 4.
  • the plurality of arms 3 covers an area equal to more than a quarter of the virtual disk delimited by the casing ring 4 in the arm rotation plane 3, an attenuation of the disturbances relative to the operating gaps which can reach ratios higher than 3, in particular for induction values greater than 10 millitesla (mT), ie approximately 8kA / m for a three-armed balance with the ratio of area evoked with respect to the virtual disk delimited by the casing circle .
  • mT millitesla
  • the amorphous metal alloy used in the context of the invention is here again particularly advantageous because of the elastic deformation properties and mechanical strength conferred, which make it easy to obtain a very flattened shape for a given mass.
  • This flattened shape makes it possible to orient the lines of an external magnetic field more effectively without requiring increasing the weight of the balance, and consequently its moment of inertia, which would be detrimental to the performance of the regulating system for a given spiral spring. .
  • the device according to the invention may comprise a second series of arms 3 surmounted on said casing ring 4, as illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • the series of arms 3 ' can be preferably angularly offset, or of a different or complementary but symmetrical geometrical shape.
  • the two sets of arms are identical to that of the lower arms 3, so that the two series of arms 3 and 3 'are superimposed.
  • the advantage of covering the magnetic shield on the top by rotating arms makes it possible on the one hand to constitute a symmetrical and totally closed space inside which the spiral 1 is arranged, which makes the shielding effective both in terms of attenuation and isotropy; on the other hand, similar to the attenuation values measured with the only arms 3 the mass efficiency of the shielding is greatly improved compared to a solid surface such as a disk.
  • the piece forming the balance with two sets of arms 3,3 ' may be formed integrally for example by a LIGA type process, or by interlocking a rib in a groove of male-female parts each having a series of arms and each forming part of the casing ring 4.

Abstract

Device for protecting a hairspring (1) of a timepiece against disturbing magnetic fields comprising a balance (2) made of an amorphous ferromagnetic material.

Description

Bli ndage mag nétique pou r spi ral de pièce d'horlogerie  Magnetic Bl ight for Timepieces
La présente invention est relative à un dispositif de protection d'un spiral de pièce d'horlogerie mécanique contre des champs magnétiques perturbateurs provenant de l'extérieur de cette pièce d'horlogerie. The present invention relates to a device for protecting a spiral of a mechanical timepiece against disruptive magnetic fields coming from outside this timepiece.
Dans les pièces d'horlogerie mécaniques, le matériau constituant le spiral est généralement réalisé dans un alliage métallique tel qu'un acier susceptible d'aimantation rémanente s'il est soumis à un champ magnétique extérieur. Bien qu'il soit possible d'envisager réaliser cette pièce dans un matériau non magnétique afin de neutraliser l'impact d'un champ magnétique extérieur perturbant le bon fonctionnement d'une telle pièce d'horlogerie mécanique, cet inconvénient de susceptibilité à l'aimantation pour un spiral réalisé avec des matériaux traditionnels est très largement compensé par les excellentes qualités mécaniques qui lui sont conférées (ductilité, élasticité, coefficient de dilatation thermique etc.) Il a par conséquent été cherché à protéger ce type de spiraux contre ces champs perturbateurs, de telle sorte que si on soumet le mouvement à un champ de l'ordre de 4,8kA/m, l'écart de marche ne dépasse pas 30 secondes par jour selon une normalisation horlogère. Au-delà de ce champ de 4,8kA/m et sans protection cet écart est très variable et atteint des variations importantes, jusqu'à plusieurs minutes par jour. Cet écart est dû surtout à l'aimantation longitudinale des spires dont est fait le spiral, cette aimantation produisant sur l'axe du balancier auquel est lié le spiral un couple qui s'additionne ou se soustrait au couple mécanique de fonctionnement normal. L'écart de marche est aussi influencé, mais dans une moindre mesure, par le phénomène de magnétostriction tendant à allonger ou à raccourcir le ruban dont est fait le spiral lorsqu'il est soumis à un champ magnétique. Pour résoudre ce problème d'isolation magnétique de l'organe réglant, on a déjà proposé des dispositifs qui assurent la protection d'une pièce d'horlogerie contre l'influence perturbatrice de champs magnétiques extérieurs de toute nature, comme par exemple des champs externes provenant d'aimants permanents ou de moteurs électriques de tout genre. In mechanical timepieces, the material constituting the hairspring is generally made of a metal alloy such as a steel capable of remanent magnetization if it is subjected to an external magnetic field. Although it is possible to envisage making this part in a non-magnetic material in order to neutralize the impact of an external magnetic field disturbing the proper functioning of such a mechanical timepiece, this disadvantage of susceptibility to magnetization for a spiral made with traditional materials is very largely offset by the excellent mechanical qualities that are conferred on it (ductility, elasticity, coefficient of thermal expansion, etc.). It has therefore been sought to protect this type of spirals against these disturbing fields. , so that if the motion is subjected to a field of the order of 4.8kA / m, the deviation does not exceed 30 seconds per day according to a clock normalization. Beyond this field of 4.8kA / m and unprotected this difference is very variable and reaches significant variations, up to several minutes per day. This difference is due mainly to the longitudinal magnetization of the turns of which the hairspring is made, this magnetization producing on the axis of the balance to which is connected the hairspring a torque that adds up or subtracts from the mechanical torque of normal operation. The gap is also influenced, but to a lesser extent, by the phenomenon of magnetostriction tending to lengthen or shorten the ribbon of which the spiral is made when subjected to a magnetic field. To solve this problem of magnetic insulation of the regulating member, devices have already been proposed which ensure the protection of a timepiece against the disturbing influence of external magnetic fields of any kind, such as for example external fields. from permanent magnets or electric motors of any kind.
La solution la plus simple et la plus radicale aussi consiste à blinder entièrement le mouvement de la pièce d'horlogerie pour n'y laisser pénétrer aucune ligne de champs perturbatrice. C'est le cas proposé par le document CH 122391 où le mouvement de la montre est protégé par un ensemble d'éléments formés d'un alliage inoxydable, à haute perméabilité et à faible hystérésis, formant un écran magnétique. Les éléments sont une cuvette disposée entre le mouvement et le fond de la montre, un cercle cache-poussière formant une calotte disposée entre le mouvement et un cercle d'encageage, et une plaque intermédiaire disposée entre la platine de la montre et son cadran. Cette façon de faire est extrêmement lourde et coûteuse. En effet elle demande trois pièces supplémentaires qui non seulement alourdissent la montre mais augmentent également son volume.  The simplest and most radical solution is to completely shield the movement of the timepiece to allow no disturbing line of fields to penetrate. This is the case proposed by document CH 122391 where the movement of the watch is protected by a set of elements formed of a stainless alloy, high permeability and low hysteresis, forming a magnetic screen. The elements are a bowl disposed between the movement and the bottom of the watch, a dust cover ring forming a cap disposed between the movement and a casing ring, and an intermediate plate disposed between the watch plate and its dial. This way of doing things is extremely cumbersome and expensive. Indeed it requires three additional pieces that not only weigh down the watch but also increase its volume.
Une solution plus légère et moins encombrante que celle proposée ci-dessus est décrite dans le document FR 1 .408.872. Il ne s'agit plus ici d'entourer complètement le mouvement de la montre par un matériau à haute perméabilité mais seulement son fond et son pourtour. A cet effet, le dispositif est constitué par un élément de boîtier présentant une perméance suffisante aux champs magnétiques, l'élément de boîtier étant complété par un cercle d'emboîtage en acier doux avec lequel il forme une cuvette enveloppant le mouvement et formant un écran magnétique. L'élément de boîtier est formé par le fond du boîtier, ce fond étant réalisé en alliage inoxydable et polissable présentant une structure ferritique homogène. Ainsi, dans cette réalisation, il n'y a aucun ajout de pièces supplémentaires, le fond et le cercle d'emboîtage étant directement faits en matériaux à haute perméabilité magnétique. De plus aucun écran n'est disposé entre le mouvement et le cadran de la montre, le dispositif de protection se limitant à une cuvette sans couvercle servant de logement au mouvement de la montre. A lighter and less cumbersome solution than that proposed above is described in document FR 1 408.872. It is no longer a question here of completely surrounding the movement of the watch by a material with high permeability but only its bottom and its periphery. For this purpose, the device is constituted by a housing element having a sufficient permeance to magnetic fields, the housing element being completed by a casing ring of mild steel with which it forms a bowl enveloping the movement and forming a screen magnetic. The housing element is formed by the bottom of the housing, this bottom being made of stainless and polishable alloy having a homogeneous ferritic structure. Thus, in this embodiment, there is no addition of additional parts, the bottom and the casing ring being directly made of materials with high magnetic permeability. In addition no screen is disposed between the movement and the dial of the watch, the protection device being limited to a bowl without lid serving as housing for the movement of the watch.
Un premier inconvénient de cette dernière solution cependant est que le spiral proprement dit n'est pas protégé contre un champ perturbateur quelle que soit l'orientation de ce champ régnant dans le plan du spiral. En effet, comme le spiral est décentré par rapport au centre du mouvement et si l'on désire une protection omnidirectionnelle, il s'agit de proposer un dispositif centré par rapport audit spiral et non par rapport au mouvement dans son ensemble comme c'est le cas du document cité plus haut. Un autre inconvénient de cette solution est de masquer totalement le mouvement, ce qui est préjudiciable d'un point de vue esthétique, notamment pour les montres haut de gamme.  A first disadvantage of this latter solution, however, is that the hairspring proper is not protected against a disturbing field whatever the orientation of this field prevailing in the plane of the hairspring. Indeed, as the hairspring is off-center with respect to the center of the movement and if omnidirectional protection is desired, it is a question of proposing a device centered with respect to said hairspring and not with respect to the movement as a whole as it is the case of the document cited above. Another disadvantage of this solution is to completely mask the movement, which is detrimental from an aesthetic point of view, especially for high-end watches.
On connaît par ailleurs des balanciers réalisés en matériaux ferromagnétiques dans le cadre de montres électroniques, comme par exemple dans les montres décrites dans les documents de brevet FR2063101 ou CH361247. Le matériau ferromagnétique employé pour le balancier ne constitue toutefois pas un blindage magnétique en vue d'améliorer l'isochronisme du spiral, mais a pour vocation de coopérer avec un circuit électromagnétique entretenant les oscillations. Le document FR2000706 est un exemple d'une solution similaire d'une montre électronique comprenant un balancier-régulateur ferromagnétique qui est même totalement dépourvue de spiral.  Pendulums made of ferromagnetic materials are also known in the context of electronic watches, for example in the watches described in patent documents FR2063101 or CH361247. The ferromagnetic material used for the balance does not constitute a magnetic shielding to improve the isochronism of the spiral, but is intended to cooperate with an electromagnetic circuit sustaining the oscillations. FR2000706 is an example of a similar solution of an electronic watch comprising a ferromagnetic balance-regulator which is even totally devoid of spiral.
On connaît enfin du document CH689106 des spiraux réalisés avec des alliages particuliers présentant des propriétés d'élasticité et thermo- élastiques avantageuses pour une fixation avec un balancier en nickel. Aucune propriété particulière de blindage magnétique n'est toutefois évoquée pour le balancier par rapport au spiral.  Finally, document CH689106 discloses spirals made with particular alloys having advantageous elasticity and thermoelastic properties for attachment with a nickel balance. No particular property of magnetic shielding is however mentioned for the balance relative to the balance spring.
La présente invention a par conséquent pour but de fournir une solution visant à améliorer le blindage magnétique d'un spiral et qui soit exempte des limitations ci-dessus. Ces buts sont atteints selon l'invention par la revendication principale qui, en plus qu'elle obéit à ce qui est exposé au premier paragraphe ci- dessus, est originale en ce que le dispositif de protection comporte un balancier constitué en un matériau ferromagnétique amorphe. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a solution for improving the magnetic shielding of a hairspring and which is free from the above limitations. These objects are achieved according to the invention by the main claim which, in addition to that it obeys what is explained in the first paragraph above, is original in that the protection device comprises a rocker made of amorphous ferromagnetic material .
Un avantage de la solution proposée est de réaliser un blindage magnétique performant, en raison des propriétés magnétiques et anticorrosion avantageuses des métaux amorphes, tout en réutilisant avantageusement certains éléments du mouvement comme élément de blindage, et de ne nécessiter ainsi ni l'usage d'aucune pièce supplémentaire ni aucun traitement de surface particulier. L'encombrement est ainsi réduit au maximum, de même que les coûts de production. Un avantage additionnel de la solution et de réaliser un blindage magnétique centré sur l'axe de rotation du spiral afin d'en améliorer l'efficacité.  An advantage of the proposed solution is to achieve a powerful magnetic shielding, due to the advantageous magnetic and anticorrosive properties of amorphous metals, while advantageously reusing certain elements of the movement as a shielding element, and thus not requiring the use of no additional parts or special surface treatments. Congestion is thus reduced to the maximum, as well as production costs. An additional advantage of the solution and to achieve a magnetic shield centered on the axis of rotation of the spiral to improve efficiency.
Un autre avantage de la solution proposée est de permettre la visualisation des éléments du mouvement par le fond de la montre, améliorant ainsi l'esthétique globale de la pièce d'horlogerie réalisée.  Another advantage of the proposed solution is to allow the visualization of the movement elements by the bottom of the watch, thus improving the overall aesthetics of the timepiece produced.
L'invention va être expliquée maintenant en détail ci-dessous par plusieurs modes d'exécution donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, ces exécutions étant illustrées par les dessins annexés dans lesquels:  The invention will now be explained in detail below by several embodiments given as non-limiting examples, these embodiments being illustrated by the appended drawings in which:
- les figures 1 A et 1 B montrent un spiral en perspective dans le plan ainsi qu'une portion de ce spiral;  - Figures 1A and 1B show a spiral perspective in the plane and a portion of this spiral;
- la figure 2 est une vue schématique et en perspective d'un mode de réalisation préférentiel de l'invention.  - Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- la figure 3 est une vue schématique et en perspective d'un mode de réalisation alternatif de l'invention.  - Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
Dans le contexte actuel où la densité de parasites électromagnétiques augmente très fortement, notamment en raison des réseaux sans fils cellulaires (3G) nomades (Wi-Fi) de nouvelle génération, mais aussi de l'augmentation du nombre de petits aimants permanents utilisés pour la fermeture de sacs à main ou d'étuis pour téléphone mobile par exemple, il est important de trouver des solutions de blindage magnétique permettant de garantir aujourd'hui l'isochronisme des systèmes réglants de montres mécaniques. In the current context where the density of electromagnetic interference is increasing sharply, in particular because of the new generation of wireless cellular networks (3G) nomadic (Wi-Fi), but also the increase in the number of small permanent magnets used for the closure of handbags or mobile phone cases for example, it is important to find magnetic shielding solutions to ensure today the isochronism of the mechanical watch systems.
Ce faisant, l'horloger est toutefois confronté à un problème de place pour loger le blindage sur la platine et dans le boîtier. Par conséquent, il a été cherché à trouver des solutions optimales qui combinent un encombrement minimal et une atténuation efficace du champ magnétique.  In doing so, the watchmaker, however, faces a space problem to house the shield on the plate and in the housing. Therefore, it has been sought to find optimal solutions that combine minimal footprint and effective attenuation of the magnetic field.
Plutôt que d'essayer de diminuer ou de supprimer totalement le champ magnétique perturbateur au niveau du spiral par l'intermédiaire de solutions lourdes et encombrantes, il apparaît plus judicieux d'orienter ou de dévier ce champ perturbateur, sans nécessairement le diminuer ou le supprimer, dans des directions où il est le moins néfaste du point de vue de son potentiel à polariser le matériau magnétique dont est constitué le spiral.  Rather than trying to reduce or completely eliminate the disturbing magnetic field at the hairspring by means of heavy and cumbersome solutions, it seems more advisable to orient or deflect this disturbing field, without necessarily reducing or removing it in directions where it is the least harmful from the point of view of its potential to polarize the magnetic material which is constituted by the spiral.
L'organe réglant d'une montre mécanique est constitué en général d'un ressort spiral, comme illustré sur la figure 1 A. Le spiral est monté autour d'un axe de rotation Z et est enroulé dans un plan perpendiculaire à cet axe. Le diamètre du spiral dans ce plan est noté d, tandis que la hauteur du spiral selon l'axe Z est notée h. La figure 1 B montre une portion de ce spiral 1 qui est un ruban très long enroulé sur lui-même, ce ruban présentant de préférence une hauteur h réduite et une très faible épaisseur e. Il résulte de cela que si on le polarise dans le sens de la hauteur Z ou orthogonalement, ou encore dans le sens de l'épaisseur R ou radialement, peu ou pas d'aimantation rémanente ne subsistera. Par contre une polarisation dans le sens de la longueur L est à éviter car elle est la seule, surtout sur les spires extérieures du spiral, à provoquer une aimantation résiduelle de ce dernier produisant, comme on l'a vu plus haut, un couple supplémentaire parasite provoquant une variation aléatoire du couple de rappel du spiral affectant l'isochronisme du système réglant. Pour éviter ou diminuer fortement cette polarisation longitudinale, il est par conséquent suffisant d'orienter les lignes de champ dans une configuration plus ou moins orthogonale et radiale au plan du spiral 1 . Afin de minimiser l'encombrement, on cherche dans le cadre de l'invention à utiliser avantageusement des éléments du mouvement afin de ne pas nécessiter d'espace supplémentaire pour le blindage magnétique pour un calibre donné. Le balancier 2, dont un mode de réalisation préférentiel à quatre branches est représenté en figure 2, apparaît dès lors comme l'élément le plus adéquat, en raison de l'emplacement de ses bras 3 dans un plan parallèle au plan du spiral 1 , et leur configuration symétrique par rapport à l'axe de rotation Z du spiral 1 . Cette disposition symétrique des bras 3 par rapport à l'axe de rotation Z ainsi que le blindage conféré par le cercle d'encageage 4, coaxial au spiral et d'une hauteur H choisie de préférence largement supérieure, par exemple au moins 3 fois supérieure à la celle de la hauteur du spiral h, permettent non seulement de fortement atténuer l'amplitude du champ magnétique appliqué à l'intérieur de l'espace dans lequel repose le spiral 1 , jusqu'à saturation du champ induit dans le cercle d'encageage 4, mais également de conférer une protection omnidirectionnelle par rapport au champ magnétique perturbateur, quelle que soit l'orientation de ce champ. The regulating organ of a mechanical watch is generally constituted by a spiral spring, as illustrated in FIG. 1 A. The spiral is mounted around an axis of rotation Z and is wound in a plane perpendicular to this axis. The diameter of the spiral in this plane is noted d, while the height of the spiral along the Z axis is denoted h. Figure 1 B shows a portion of the spiral 1 which is a very long ribbon wound on itself, this ribbon preferably having a reduced height h and a very small thickness e. It follows from this that if it is polarized in the direction of the Z or orthogonally height, or in the direction of the thickness R or radially, little or no remanent magnetization will remain. On the other hand a polarization in the direction of the length L is to be avoided because it is the only one, especially on the outer turns of the hairspring, to cause a residual magnetization of the latter producing, as we saw above, an additional couple parasite causing a random variation of the return moment of the spiral affecting the isochronism of the regulating system. To avoid or greatly reduce this longitudinal polarization, it is therefore sufficient to orient the field lines in a more or less orthogonal and radial configuration to the plane of the hairspring 1. In order to minimize the bulk, it is sought in the context of the invention to use advantageously elements of the movement so as not to require additional space for the magnetic shielding for a given caliber. The rocker 2, of which a preferred embodiment with four branches is shown in FIG. 2, therefore appears as the most suitable element, because of the location of its arms 3 in a plane parallel to the plane of the spiral 1, and their symmetrical configuration with respect to the axis of rotation Z of the spiral 1. This symmetrical arrangement of the arms 3 with respect to the axis of rotation Z and the shielding provided by the casing ring 4, coaxial with the hairspring and a height H chosen preferably much greater, for example at least 3 times higher at that of the height of the spiral h, not only allow to strongly attenuate the amplitude of the magnetic field applied inside the space in which the spiral 1 rests, until the induced field is saturated in the circle of notch 4, but also to provide omnidirectional protection with respect to the disturbing magnetic field, regardless of the orientation of this field.
Le cercle d'encageage 4 permet du reste de protéger efficacement le spiral 1 contre les champs magnétiques perturbateurs, car ces derniers sont déviés en plus grand nombre dans le sens vertical de l'axe Z de rotation, qui est une direction de polarisation selon laquelle le spiral est moins sensible. On notera cependant que la concentration du champ en périphérie des bras 3 et au niveau du cercle 4 a toujours tendance à accroître localement ce champ, d'où la nécessité de prévoir un cercle d'encageage 4 de diamètre D relativement grand par rapport au diamètre d du spiral 1 , de préférence au moins deux fois afin qu'aucune partie du spiral, même au niveau le plus extérieur, ne puisse subir cet effet indésirable de concentration. Afin d'améliorer le niveau de saturation du champ induit dans le cercle d'encageage 4, il est possible d'augmenter la section de ce dernier; toutefois un compromis doit être également trouvé par rapport au moment d'inertie conféré au balancier, qui doit être maintenu à un niveau relativement faible pour réduire les efforts exercés par le spiral 1 . Afin d'augmenter la hauteur du cercle d'encageage 4 sans en augmenter la masse, on pourra choisir une section la plus effilée possible, avec par exemple un rapport entre la hauteur et la largeur de cette section supérieure à 10. Ainsi la polarisation des lignes de champ sera plus efficace selon la direction verticale Z. The casing ring 4 makes it possible to effectively protect the hairspring 1 against the disturbing magnetic fields, because the latter are deflected in greater numbers in the vertical direction of the Z axis of rotation, which is a direction of polarization according to which the hairspring is less sensitive. It will be noted however that the concentration of the field at the periphery of the arms 3 and at the level of the circle 4 always tends to locally increase this field, hence the need to provide a casing ring 4 of diameter D which is relatively large compared with the diameter. d spiral 1, preferably at least twice so that no part of the spiral, even at the outermost level, can suffer this undesirable effect of concentration. In order to improve the level of saturation of the induced field in the casing ring 4, it is possible to increase the section of the latter; however, a compromise must also be found with respect to the moment of inertia imparted to the pendulum, which must be maintained at a relatively low level to reduce the forces exerted by the hairspring 1. In order to increase the height of the casing ring 4 without increasing its mass, it will be possible to choose a section that is as tapered as possible, for example with a ratio between the height and the width of this section greater than 10. Thus the polarization of the field lines will be more effective in the vertical direction Z.
La démarche de produire des pièces du mouvement en matériau ferromagnétique, c'est-à-dire ayant une susceptibilité magnétique (généralement notée par la lettre grecque χ) très élevée, n'avait jusqu'à présent jamais été considérée par l'homme du métier de l'horlogerie en raison de la forte tendance à l'oxydation des matériaux ferromagnétiques usuels, notamment par la présence de fer et l'insuffisance de chrome dans ces alliages. Il est toutefois désormais possible de traiter en surface ce type de matériaux par des agents anticorrosion afin d'éviter ce désagrément, tout en ne modifiant pas les propriétés magnétiques. Le matériau à haute saturation magnétique utilisé pour confectionner le cercle d'encageage 4 et les bras 3 est un alliage amorphe à base de fer comme par exemple un alliage fer-nickel, fer-cobalt, fer-chrome, ou encore des alliages de type fer- nickel-molybdène, fer-nickel-cuivre. Ce type d'alliage est reconnu pour ses propriétés de faible coercivité et forte perméabilité magnétique, c'est-à-dire avec des cycles d'hystérèse très étroits, et avec une pente très élevée, sont par ailleurs très résistants à la corrosion et ainsi particulièrement adaptés pour la mise en œuvre de l'invention. La nature chimique de l'alliage est choisie de façon à ce que le comportement magnétique du matériau ait une perméabilité magnétique et un niveau de saturation élevés comme par exemple un alliage Permenorm fer-nickel avec une teneur en nickel de 45 à 50%.  The process of producing movement parts made of ferromagnetic material, that is to say having a magnetic susceptibility (generally noted by the Greek letter χ) very high, had until now never been considered by the man of the watchmaking business because of the strong tendency to oxidation of the usual ferromagnetic materials, in particular by the presence of iron and the deficiency of chromium in these alloys. However, it is now possible to surface treat this type of materials with anticorrosion agents to avoid this inconvenience, while not changing the magnetic properties. The high magnetic saturation material used to make the casing ring 4 and the arms 3 is an amorphous iron-based alloy, for example an iron-nickel, iron-cobalt or iron-chromium alloy, or alloys of the same type. iron-nickel-molybdenum, iron-nickel-copper. This type of alloy is recognized for its low coercivity properties and high magnetic permeability, that is to say with very narrow hysteresis cycles, and with a very high slope, are also very resistant to corrosion and thus particularly suitable for the implementation of the invention. The chemical nature of the alloy is chosen so that the magnetic behavior of the material has a high magnetic permeability and saturation level, such as a Permenorm iron-nickel alloy with a nickel content of 45 to 50%.
Selon le mode de réalisation préférentiel illustré sur la figure 2, le balancier 2 comporte au moins quatre bras aplatis qui s'étendent dans le plan d'enroulement du spiral. Lors de l'utilisation de la montre, le balancier est activé en rotation en permanence et une surface essentiellement plane est émulée pour constituer un bouclier magnétique dans ce plan. Selon cette variante illustrée, où l'atténuation est de l'ordre de moitié entre un champ externe et le champ là où se situe le spiral 1 , dont le diamètre / et la hauteur h respectent de préférence les ratios énoncés précédemment par rapport à ceux D,H du cercle d'encageage 4. According to the preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the rocker 2 comprises at least four flattened arms which extend in the winding plane of the spiral. When using the watch, the balance is constantly rotated and a substantially flat surface is emulated to form a magnetic shield in this plane. According to this illustrated variant, where the attenuation is of the order of half between an external field and the field where the hairspring 1 is located, whose diameter / and height h preferably respect the ratios stated above in relation to those D, H of the casing circle 4.
Afin d'améliorer encore l'efficacité du blindage, il est possible d'augmenter le nombre de bras et/ou leur épaisseur afin d'augmenter la surface de protection. Lorsque la pluralité de bras 3 couvre une surface égale à plus d'un quart du disque virtuel délimité par le cercle d'encageage 4 dans le plan de rotation de bras 3, on a mesuré une atténuation des perturbations relatives aux écarts de marche pouvant atteindre des ratios supérieurs à 3, notamment pour des valeurs d'induction supérieures à 10 millitesla (mT), soit environ 8kA/m pour un balancier à trois bras avec le rapport de surface suscité par rapport au disque virtuel délimité par le cercle d'encageage. Il est possible d'améliorer encore ces ratios jusqu'à des valeurs de 6-7 avec un disque plein en lieu et place des bras 3; cette solution présente toutefois l'inconvénient d'augmenter la masse du système et par conséquent, le moment d'inertie et l'énergie consommée. On privilégiera donc, afin de ne pas augmenter la masse totale du système, des bras aplatis au maximum pour une masse donnée, c'est-à-dire dont les dimensions s'étendent le plus possible dans leur plan de rotation, de telle sorte que la polarisation du champ soit optimale dans la direction verticale Z. Quel que soit le nombre de bras utilisés dans le cadre de l'invention, on pourra considérer que les bras sont qualifiés d'aplatis lorsque le rapport entre la largeur et la longueur de leur section est supérieur à environ 10, de telle sorte qu'ils couvrent la surface la plus grand possible dans le plan du disque virtuel délimité par le cercle d'encageage 4.  In order to further improve the effectiveness of the shielding, it is possible to increase the number of arms and / or their thickness in order to increase the protection surface. When the plurality of arms 3 covers an area equal to more than a quarter of the virtual disk delimited by the casing ring 4 in the arm rotation plane 3, an attenuation of the disturbances relative to the operating gaps which can reach ratios higher than 3, in particular for induction values greater than 10 millitesla (mT), ie approximately 8kA / m for a three-armed balance with the ratio of area evoked with respect to the virtual disk delimited by the casing circle . It is possible to further improve these ratios to values of 6-7 with a solid disc instead of arms 3; however, this solution has the disadvantage of increasing the mass of the system and consequently the moment of inertia and the energy consumed. Therefore, in order not to increase the total mass of the system, maximum flattened arms will be favored for a given mass, that is to say whose dimensions extend as much as possible in their plane of rotation, so that that the polarization of the field is optimal in the vertical direction Z. Whatever the number of arms used in the context of the invention, it can be considered that the arms are described as flattened when the ratio between the width and the length of the their section is greater than about 10, so that they cover the largest possible area in the plane of the virtual disk delimited by the casing ring 4.
Pour réaliser de tels bras aplatis pour le balancier, l'alliage métallique amorphe utilisé dans le cadre de l'invention est ici encore particulièrement avantageux en raison des propriétés de déformation élastique et de résistance mécanique conférées, qui permettent d'obtenir facilement une forme très aplatie pour une masse donnée. Cette forme aplatie permet d'orienter plus efficacement les lignes d'un champ magnétique externe sans requérir d'augmenter la masse du balancier, et par conséquent son moment d'inertie, ce qui serait préjudiciable aux performances du système réglant pour un ressort spiral donné. To achieve such flattened arms for the balance, the amorphous metal alloy used in the context of the invention is here again particularly advantageous because of the elastic deformation properties and mechanical strength conferred, which make it easy to obtain a very flattened shape for a given mass. This flattened shape makes it possible to orient the lines of an external magnetic field more effectively without requiring increasing the weight of the balance, and consequently its moment of inertia, which would be detrimental to the performance of the regulating system for a given spiral spring. .
Afin d'améliorer encore l'efficacité du blindage magnétique, le dispositif selon l'invention pourra comporter une deuxième série de bras 3 surmontés sur ledit cercle d'encageage 4, comme illustré sur la figure 3. La série de bras 3' pourra être de préférence décalée angulairement, ou de forme géométrique différente ou complémentaire mais symétrique. On pourra également imaginer que les deux séries de bras soient identiques à celle des bras 3 inférieurs, de telle sorte que les deux séries de bras 3 et 3' soient superposées. L'avantage de recouvrir le blindage magnétique sur le dessus par des bras tournants permet d'une part de constituer un espace symétrique et totalement fermé à l'intérieur duquel est disposé le spiral 1 , ce qui rend le blindage efficace à la fois en termes d'atténuation et d'isotropie; d'autre part, similairement aux valeurs d'atténuation mesurées avec les seuls bras 3 l'efficacité massique du blindage est fortement améliorée par rapport à une surface pleine comme un disque. La pièce formant le balancier avec deux séries de bras 3,3' pourra être formée de façon monobloc par exemple par un processus de type LIGA, ou par emboîtage mutuel d'une nervure dans une rainure de pièces de type mâle- femelle comportant chacune une série de bras et formant chacune une partie du cercle d'encageage 4.  In order to further improve the effectiveness of the magnetic shielding, the device according to the invention may comprise a second series of arms 3 surmounted on said casing ring 4, as illustrated in FIG. 3. The series of arms 3 'can be preferably angularly offset, or of a different or complementary but symmetrical geometrical shape. We can also imagine that the two sets of arms are identical to that of the lower arms 3, so that the two series of arms 3 and 3 'are superimposed. The advantage of covering the magnetic shield on the top by rotating arms makes it possible on the one hand to constitute a symmetrical and totally closed space inside which the spiral 1 is arranged, which makes the shielding effective both in terms of attenuation and isotropy; on the other hand, similar to the attenuation values measured with the only arms 3 the mass efficiency of the shielding is greatly improved compared to a solid surface such as a disk. The piece forming the balance with two sets of arms 3,3 'may be formed integrally for example by a LIGA type process, or by interlocking a rib in a groove of male-female parts each having a series of arms and each forming part of the casing ring 4.
L'homme du métier pourra par ailleurs constater qu'un avantage de tous les modes de réalisation proposés est de ne pas entraver la visualisation du mouvement, notamment par le fond du boîtier, comme c'est le cas les blindages usuels. Cette possibilité pourra par conséquent être utilisée pour la confection de montres squelette ou tourbillon où au moins une partie du mouvement est destiné à être visible par l'utilisateur.  Those skilled in the art will also be able to observe that one advantage of all the proposed embodiments is not to hinder the visualization of the movement, in particular by the bottom of the case, as is the case with conventional shielding. This possibility can therefore be used for the manufacture of skeleton or tourbillon watches where at least part of the movement is intended to be visible to the user.

Claims

REVE N D ICAT IONS REVE ND ICAT IONS
1 . Dispositif de protection d'un spiral (1 ) de pièce d'horlogerie mécanique contre des champs magnétiques perturbateurs provenant de l'extérieur de ladite pièce, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un balancier (2) réalisé en un alliage ferromagnétique amorphe. 1. Device for protecting a spiral (1) of a mechanical timepiece against disruptive magnetic fields coming from outside said part, characterized in that it comprises a rocker (2) made of an amorphous ferromagnetic alloy.
2. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit balancier (2) comporte au moins quatre bras (3) aplatis.  2. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said rocker (2) comprises at least four arms (3) flattened.
3. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le balancier (2) est composé d'une pluralité de bras (3) couvrant une surface égale à plus d'un quart du disque délimité par un cercle d'encageage (4).  3. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rocker (2) is composed of a plurality of arms (3) covering an area equal to more than a quarter of the disk delimited by a casing ring (4).
4. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le balancier (2) comprend une deuxième série de bras (3') surmontés sur ledit cercle d'encageage (4).  4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rocker (2) comprises a second series of arms (3 ') surmounted on said casing ring (4).
5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit balancier (2) a un diamètre (D) au moins deux fois supérieur au diamètre (d) dudit spiral (1 ).  5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said rocker (2) has a diameter (D) at least twice the diameter (d) of said spiral (1).
EP11793747.4A 2010-12-15 2011-12-05 Magnetic screening for timepiece hairspring Active EP2652560B1 (en)

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EP10195192A EP2466396A1 (en) 2010-12-15 2010-12-15 Magnetic shield for a spiral of a timepiece
EP11793747.4A EP2652560B1 (en) 2010-12-15 2011-12-05 Magnetic screening for timepiece hairspring
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EP2652560B1 (en) 2019-11-13
US20130265859A1 (en) 2013-10-10
JP2014508918A (en) 2014-04-10
US9494921B2 (en) 2016-11-15
EP2466396A1 (en) 2012-06-20
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RU2545488C2 (en) 2015-04-10
JP5815043B2 (en) 2015-11-17

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