Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
  • B60R13/08—Insulating elements, e.g. for sound insulation
  • B60R13/0838—Insulating elements, e.g. for sound insulation for engine compartments
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
  • F02B77/11—Thermal or acoustic insulation
  • F02B77/13—Acoustic insulation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
  • B60R13/08—Insulating elements, e.g. for sound insulation
  • B60R13/0876—Insulating elements, e.g. for sound insulation for mounting around heat sources, e.g. exhaust pipes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
  • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
  • F01N13/1805—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
  • F01N13/1811—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
  • F01N2260/20—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for heat or sound protection, e.g. using a shield or specially shaped outer surface of exhaust device
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
  • F01N2590/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for heavy duty applications, e.g. trucks, buses, tractors, locomotives

Definitions

• the invention relates to an exhaust pipe assembly for a combustion engine, particularly for a vehicle such as a commercial vehicle, a passenger car, or a power generator.
• the invention relates also to a vehicle comprising such an exhaust pipe assembly.
• arrangement has to provide an opening on the one hand since the pipe and the engine noise shield move relative to each other and on the other hand due to the high operation temperature of the exhaust pipe.
• US 4,026,381 discloses a cover assembly for an exhaust muffler and tail pipe of a truck to reduce noise and eliminate corrosion.
• the cover assembly is formed from a pair of moulded rigid fibre glass shells that can be fastened together about both the exhaust pipe and the muffler. Layers of asbestos and spun glass are sandwiched about the muffler and exhaust pipe shells. The shell itself is a combination of a fire retardant resin and fibre glass.
• the insulation cover pipe is " formed from two identical half shells wherein asbestos and fibre glass layers are wrapped around the exhaust pipe.
• Another object is to provide a vehicle comprising such an exhaust pipe assembly.
• An exhaust pipe assembly is proposed for a combustion engine, comprising an exhaust pipe and an engine noise shield of the engine, wherein the engine noise shield has an opening for passing the exhaust pipe through the engine noise shield.
• the exhaust pipe is acoustically coupled to the engine noise shield via a shield section associated with the exhaust pipe.
• the exhaust pipe is acoustically coupled to the engine noise shield in a way to reduce air borne as well as structural noise emission through the opening for passing the exhaust pipe.
• the acoustical coupling of the exhaust pipe to the engine noise shield solves the noise problems related to the exhaust pipe between the engine and a main muffler of an exhaust gas aftertreatment system in an advantageous way and provides noise reduction and significant noise abatement efficiency.
• the invention still allows necessary movements between the exhaust pipe and the engine noise shield.
• the invention offers heat protection for the engine noise shield from the heat of the exhaust pipe.
• the shield section associated with the exhaust pipe is reducing the effective noise emission of the opening for passing the exhaust pipe.
• the noise emission is reduced to provide an effective engine sound insulation that also will give an increased efficiency for the other noise shields on the vehicle.
• the acoustic coupling can be performed by selecting at least one of a distance of the shield section from the exhaust pipe and/or a length of the shield section along the exhaust pipe and/or a width of the shield section crosswise to the exhaust pipe and/or a distance of the shield section from the opening of the engine noise shield in a way to reduce airborne and/or structural noise emission originating substantially from the engine and/or the exhaust pipe.
• the noise abatement can be achieved although the engine and exhaust pipe may need a certain space for vibrational movements caused during operation of a vehicle, particularly a truck.
• a proper length of the shield section along the exhaust pipe can be selected. Sound waves travelling along the exhaust pipe in the space between the exhaust pipe and the shield section can be reduced by multiple reflections and absorption. Expediently, at least those surfaces towards which the sound waves are reflected can be covered with a sound absorber to avoid that the sound energy will escape.
• the width of the shield section crosswise to the exhaust pipe can be adapted to a desired absorption of the sound waves travelling between the shield section and the engine noise shield.
• the distance of the shield section from the opening of the engine noise shield can also be adjusted to provide an advantageous noise abatement.
• the shield section may comprise a tube segment which at least partially encloses a portion of a longitudinal extension of the exhaust pipe.
• the tube segment can be arranged upstream of a flexible portion of the exhaust pipe arranged at a side of the exhaust pipe distant from the engine.
• the tube section facilitates an undisturbed vibrational movement of the exhaust pipe inside the tube section.
• the channel can be the better, whereas the shape of the channel can be chosen as required so that the sound waves can be damped and/or absorbed while passing the clearance.
• the tube segment should be provided with sound absorbing material to improve the noise reduction.
• the tube segment may comprise a damping structure or layer facing the exhaust pipe.
• the damping structure or layer further improves the noise abatement and attenuates sound waves travelling in the space between the exhaust pipe and the tube segment.
• the tube segment can be made out of at least two shells separated in an axial direction.
• the tube segment can be easily mounted around the exhaust pipe.
• the tube segment may be also be made out of one shell.
• the shield section may comprise a collar with a main extension crosswise to a longitudinal extension of the exhaust pipe.
• the collar may be a plate arranged parallel to a surface of the engine noise shield in the vicinity of the opening in the engine noise shield.
• the collar can overlap the opening in the engine noise shield and damp the noise travelling between the collar and the engine noise shield.
• the noise abatement can be improved.
• the size of the collar and the distance from the opening can be chosen to provide sufficient noise abatement.
• the space through which the sound waves can propagate from the engine to the outside is a long, flat channel so that the sound waves can be reflected back into the engine house (also called engine bay) and/or absorbed while passing the clearance.
• the collar can or should be provided with sound absorbing material for further improvement of the noise reduction.
• the shield section can form a continuous shield extending from the engine noise shield to the main muffler. It is of advantage when the shield section may comprise a heat insulating portion arranged in the opening of the engine noise shield. Favourably, in case of a damaged flexible portion or a damaged exhaust pipe exhaust gas may under certain circumstances be still encapsulated within the shield section and the engine noise shield and not released directly into the ambient without cleaning of the exhaust gas. By way of example the flexible portion can be covered and encapsulated completely by the shield section.
• a flexible portion of the exhaust pipe may be arranged at a side of the exhaust pipe close to the engine. Vibrational movements of the exhaust pipe downstream of the flexible portion can be strongly reduced.
• the shield section can form a continuous shield around the exhaust pipe without disturbing vibrations of the exhaust pipe inside the shield section.
• arranging the flexible part remote from the engine allows movement of the engine relative to the main muffler to which the exhaust pipe is attached.
• Arranging the flexible part close to the engine expediently allows movement of the engine relative to the exhaust pipe and eliminates a movement of the exhaust pipe relative to the opening of the engine noise shield.
• efficient noise abatement can be achieved if a heat insulating material and/or a noise insulating material is arranged between the shield section and the exhaust pipe.
• the heat insulating material and/or a noise insulating material may comprise a flexible ceramics material.
• the heat insulating material and/or a noise insulating material can be compressed by the shield section, particularly by a tube segment arranged around the exhaust pipe. As result, the heat situation can be positively affected and, in case of a vehicle, vehicle parts, e.g. the cab air suspension, can be protected from the heat of the exhaust pipe.
• the heat insulating material and/or a noise insulating material can maintain a high exhaust gas temperature in the exhaust pipe so that hot exhaust gas streams into the main muffler. This is favourably for reducing exhaust emissions in the exhaust gas aftertreatment system used today for e.g. selective catalytic reduction systems.
• the heat insulating material and/or a noise insulating material can comprise a flexible ceramics material which makes it easy to adapt to the form of the exhaust pipe.
• the flexible ceramics material may have a density of several tens of kg/m 3 , for instance between 60 and 70 kg/m 3 .
• noise abatement can be further improved if a noise damping structure is arranged between a portion of the shield section and the noise shield.
• the exhaust pipe can be provided with material wrapped around the exhaust pipe, and/or a coating material can be deposited on the exhaust pipe e.g. by spray coating and the like.
• the shield section associated with the exhaust pipe may be made out of steel, particularly stainless steel, with a thickness of a few millimetres, for instance about 0.5-3 mm, particularly about 2 mm.
• Embodiments of the exhaust pipe assembly according to the present invention can be applied to vehicles where one is desirous to fulfil noise reduction requirements and where the exhaust mufflers are mounted outside the engine encapsulation, i.e. passenger cars, commercial vehicles such as trucks, buses, construction equipment and the like.
• Embodiments of the exhaust pipe assembly according to the present invention can be applied to power generators where one is desirous to fulfil noise reduction requirements and where the exhaust mufflers are mounted outside the engine encapsulation.
• Fig. 1 a perspective partial view of a truck having an exhaust pipe
• Fig. 2a, 2b a cross sectional view of an arrangement having an exhaust pipe assembly in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention
• FIG. 3a, 3b a perspective partial view of an arrangement having an exhaust pipe assembly in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention
• Fig. 4a-4c a partial cross sectional view of an arrangement having an exhaust pipe assembly in accordance with a third example embodiment of the present invention
• Fig. 5 a partial cross sectional view of an arrangement having an exhaust pipe assembly in accordance with a fourth example embodiment of the present invention.
• Fig. 6 an example embodiment of a vehicle according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 depicts schematically a detail of a vehicle 10, for instance a truck 10, comprising an engine 60 coupled to an exhaust gas aftertreatment system with a main muffler 50 via an exhaust pipe assembly 20 comprising an exhaust pipe 12 with a flexible part 14 which is arranged at an exhaust pipe portion remote from the engine 60 and may be covered with an insulation device 16.
• the engine 60 is enclosed in an engine noise shield 30.
• the engine noise shield 30 around the engine 60 is not completely closed due to movements between the cab and the chassis, air and heat evacuation from engine house (also called engine bay) and components going through the noise shield 30 such as the exhaust pipe 12.
• the opening 34 is arranged between the exhaust pipe 12 and the engine noise shield 30 around the engine 60. The reason for this is to allow for movements between the exhaust pipe 12 and the engine noise shield 30. Additionally, the heat of the exhaust pipe 12 during operation of the engine 60 requires a certain distance between the engine noise shield 30 and the exhaust pipe 12. The opening 34 in the engine noise shield 30 results in a high emission of engine noise and makes it hard to achieve good noise abatement of the engine 60 and of the noise emitted by the exhaust pipe 12 itself.
• the noise radiation from the exhaust pipe 12 may be significant as it is directly connected to the engine 60 without some part that will provide a vibration insulation between the exhaust pipe 12 and the engine 60.
• an exhaust pipe assembly 122 for a combustion engine 60 comprising an exhaust pipe 1 12 and an engine noise shield 30 of the engine 60, wherein the engine noise shield 30, has an opening 34 for passing the exhaust pipe 12, 1 12 through the engine noise shield 30.
• the exhaust pipe 1 12 is acoustically coupled to the engine noise shield 30 via a shield section 120 associated with the exhaust pipe 112.
• the shield section 120 has a geometrical relationship to the opening 34 of the engine noise shield 30 so that a distance to a noise emitting portion of the engine noise shield 30 and/or the exhaust pipe 112, which may emit airborne noise and/or noise due to structural vibrations is just big enough so the noise insulating shield section 120 can manage the movements of the exhaust pipe 112 and can withstand the heat from the exhaust pipe 112.
• the engine 60 including the exhaust pipe 112 that is stiffly connected to the engine 60, moves about 30 mm in all directions during operation relative to the chassis, where engine noise shield 30 is mounted.
• FIG. 2a and 2b A first embodiment of the exhaust pipe arrangement 122 is shown in Figs. 2a and 2b. Depicted is an engine noise shield 30 enclosing the engine 60 and having an opening 34 for passing the exhaust pipe 112 which is attached to a muffler 50 of an exhaust gas after treatment system. At its inside, the engine noise shield 30 has a sound absorbing structure 32 for reducing noise emission from the engine 60. The opening 34 has a diameter D34 providing sufficient room for movement of the exhaust pipe 112 during operation of the engine 60, but small enough to trap the noise.
• a shield section 120 is arranged at the opening 34, wherein the shield section 120 is formed as a tube segment 130 protruding from the opening 34.
• the tube segment 130 encloses partially a portion of a longitudinal extension L 12 of the exhaust pipe 112.
• the tube segment 130 is arranged upstream of a flexible portion 114 of the exhaust pipe 12 arranged at a side of the exhaust pipe 112 distant from the engine 60 and adjacent to the muffler 50.
• the tube segment 130 extends with a length L130 along the exhaust pipe 112 and has a distance (clearance D130) between the outside of the exhaust pipe 112 and an inner surface of the tube segment 130 which is formed by a sound absorbing structure 132.
• This arrangement is efficient for reducing air-borne noise from the engine 60 in the engine house formed by the inner volume of the engine noise shield 30.
• the clearance D130 is just big enough so the shield section 120 can manage the movements of the exhaust pipe 112 and can withstand the heat from the exhaust pipe 112. It is expedient when the length L130 of the tube segment 130 is just big enough so the shield section 120 creates a noise trap for air-borne noise from the engine 60 in the engine house.
• Fig. 2b shows an improved arrangement where, additionally to the reduction of the air-borne noise from engine 60 room structural noise from the shell of the exhaust pipe 112 is also improved by increasing the length L130 of the tube segment 130.
• the clearance D130 is just big enough so the shield section 120 can manage the movements of the exhaust pipe 112 and can withstand the heat from the exhaust pipe 112, and the length L130 is just big enough so the shield section 120 can create a noise trap for air-borne noise from the engine 60 in the engine house and can suppress the structural noise from the exhaust pipe 112.
• FIG. 3a and 3b A second embodiment of the exhaust pipe arrangement 122 is shown in Figs. 3a and 3b. Depicted is an engine noise shield 30 enclosing the engine 60 and having an opening 34 for passing the exhaust pipe 112 which is attached to a muffler 50 of an exhaust gas after treatment system. At its inside, the engine noise shield 30 has a sound absorbing structure 32 for reducing noise emission from the engine 60. The opening 34 has a diameter D34 providing sufficient room for movement of the exhaust pipe 112 during operation of the engine 60.
• a shield section 120 is arranged about the exhaust pipe 112, wherein the shield section 120 is formed as a disc like collar 140 surrounding the exhaust pipe 112 with a distance D140 from the opening 34 and a radial width WHO.
• the collar 140 is mounted to the exhaust pipe 112 via a package comprising a heat insulating material 116 connected to the exhaust pipe 112 and a noise insulating material 118 arranged between the heat insulating material 16 and the collar 140.
• the side of the collar 140 facing the engine noise shield 30 is covered with a sound absorbing structure 142.
• the portion of the engine noise shield 30 facing the collar 140 may also be provided with a sound absorbing structure 36.
• This arrangement allows for a good reduction of air-borne noise from the engine 60 in the engine house.
• the clearance D130 between the exhaust pipe 1 12 and the opening 34 and the distance D140 expediently are just big enough so shield section 120 can manage the movements of the exhaust pipe 1 12 and can withstand the heat from the exhaust pipe 1 12.
• the radial extension (width W140) of the collar 140 is expediently big enough so the shield section 120 creates a noise trap for air-borne noise from the engine 60 in the engine house.
• the larger the width WHO the better from a noise damping point of view
• the smaller the distance DHO the better from a noise damping point of view.
• FIG. 3b shows a variant in which additional to the improved reduction of air-borne noise from engine 60 noise emission from the shell of the exhaust pipe 1 12 is also reduced by adding a tube segment 130 to the collar 140.
• the shield section 120 comprises the collar 140 and the tube segment 130 attached to the collar 140.
• the tube section 130 extending with a length L130 along the exhaust pipe 1 12 and being spaced with a distance (clearance D130) to the exhaust pipe 1 12 is attached to the collar 140 at the side pointing away from the opening 34 of the engine noise shield 30.
• the tube segment 130 encloses partially a portion of a longitudinal extension L1 12 of the exhaust pipe 1 12.
• the tube segment 130 is arranged upstream of a flexible portion 1 14 of the exhaust pipe 1 12 arranged at a side of the exhaust pipe 1 12 distant from the engine 60 and adjacent to the muffler 50.
• the clearance D130 and the distance DHO of the collar 140 from the engine noise shield 30 and its opening 34 expediently are just big enough so the shield segment 120 can manage the movements of the exhaust pipe 1 12 and can withstand the heat from the exhaust pipe 1 12.
• the radial extension of the collar 140 is expediently big enough so the shield section 120 creates a noise trap for air-borne noise from the engine 60 in the engine house, and the length L130 of the tube segment 130 is big enough so the shield section 120 suppresses the noise from the exhaust pipe 1 12.
• Heat and/or vibration isolation are not needed if the shield section 120 is heat resistant and/or well damped.
• a sound absorbing structure 132 is provided at the inner surface of the tube segment 130 .
• a package of a heat insulating material 1 16 and a noise insulating material 1 18 is arranged, wherein the heat insulating material 1 16 contacts the exhaust pipe 1 12 and the noise insulating material 1 18 is arranged between the noise damping structure 132 and the heat insulating material 1 16.
• FIG. 4a, 4b and 4c A third embodiment of the exhaust pipe arrangement 122 is shown in Figs. 4a, 4b and 4c. Depicted is an engine noise shield 30 enclosing the engine 60 and having an opening 34 for passing the exhaust pipe 1 12 which is attached to a muffler 50 of an exhaust gas after treatment system. At its inside, the engine noise shield 30 has a sound absorbing structure 32 for reducing noise emission from the engine 60. The opening 34 has a diameter D34 providing sufficient room for movement of the exhaust pipe 1 12 during operation of the engine 60.
• the exhaust pipe 1 12 is connected to the engine 60 by a flexible part 1 14 inside the engine noise shield 30 whereas there may be no flexible part at the side of the exhaust pipe 1 12 attached to the muffler 50.
• a shield section 120 is arranged about the exhaust pipe 1 12, wherein the shield section 120 is formed as a ring 150 comprising heat insulating material 1 16 surrounding the exhaust pipe 1 12 at the opening 34.
• This arrangement can efficiently reduce air-borne noise from engine 60 and noise from the shell of the exhaust pipe 1 12 when the flexible part 1 14 is a soft flexible part 1 14 such as a soft hose or soft bellows portion and not a stiff flexible part such as a bellows. Heat isolation is not needed if the shield section 120 is heat resistant.
• Fig. 4b shows, similar to Fig. 2a, the shield section 120 associated with the exhaust pipe 120 embodied as a tube segment 130 which extends with a length L130 along the exhaust pipe 1 12 and is spaced to the exhaust pipe with a clearance D130.
• the tube segment 130 may have a sound absorbing structure 132 at its inside facing the exhaust pipe 1 12.
• the variant in Fig. 4b reduced the air-borne noise from engine 60 in the engine house and, in case the flexible part 1 14 is a soft flexible part 1 14 such as a hose portion, the noise from the shell of the exhaust pipe 112 can also be well reduced.
• the clearance D130 is expediently just big enough so the shield section 120 can withstand the heat from the exhaust pipe 1 12.
• the length L130 of the tube segment 130 is expediently big enough so the shield section 120 creates a noise trap for air-borne noise from the engine 60 in the engine house.
• Fig. 4c shows an improved version of the version shown in Fig. 4b where the noise from the shell of the exhaust pipe 1 12 is well reduced as the length L130 is increased and the tube segment 130 coming close to the muffler 50.
• the clearance D130 is expediently just big enough so the shield section 120 can withstand the heat from the exhaust pipe 1 12.
• the length L130 of the tube segment 130 is expediently big enough so the shield section 120 can creates a noise trap for air-borne noise from the engine house and can suppress the noise from the exhaust pipe 12.
• Fig. 5 shows a variant of the embodiment of Fig. 4c where the air-borne noise from engine house as well as the noise from the shell of the exhaust pipe 1 12 can be well reduced by connecting the tube segment 130 to the muffler 50 so that the exhaust pipe 1 12 may be completely enclosed by the shield segment 120 formed by the tube segment 130 and the engine noise shield 30.
• the enclosure of the exhaust pipe 1 12 does not need to be complete. As there is a soft connection to the engine 60 it may be sufficient to cover only a part of the exhaust pipe 1 12 to get a good integration with the main engine encapsulation 30.
• the length L130 of the tube segment 130 is expediently just big enough so the shield section 120 can suppress the noise from the exhaust pipe 1 12.
• the exhaust pipe 1 12 can be surrounded by a noise insulating material 1 18 and/or a heat insulating material 16. Whereas the materials 1 18, 1 16 and the sound absorbing structure 132 are shown in the Figure as three separate layers, the noise insulating material 1 18 and the sound absorbing structure 132 can be replaced by one sound absorbing layer 132. The heat insulating material 1 16 needs only be provided in case the sound absorbing layer 132 is not heat resistant. Generally, in all embodiments where a tube segment 130 is provided as a part of the shield section 120, a noise absorbent or damping layer can be wrapped around the exhaust pipe 1 12 to improve the noise trap performance and give possibility to reduce the length L130 of the tube segment 130.
• Fig. 6 depicts an example embodiment of a vehicle 10 employing an exhaust pipe assembly 122 described above.
• Embodiments of the exhaust pipe assembly 122 according to the present invention can be applied to all vehicles 10 where one is desirous to fulfil the external noise legislation and where the exhaust mufflers are mounted outside the engine encapsulation, e.g. in passenger cars, commercial vehicles such as trucks and certain buses, construction equipment and the like.
• exhaust pipe assemblies 122 as described for a vehicle 10 can also be employed with a power generator (not displayed) powered by a combustion engine, where the combustion engine produces power for driving an electric machine (not shown).

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• 2010
  • 2010-12-06 WO PCT/SE2010/000286 patent/WO2012078080A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2010-12-06 EP EP10860563.5A patent/EP2648938A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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