EP2647925A3 - Refrigeration cycle apparatus - Google Patents
Refrigeration cycle apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2647925A3 EP2647925A3 EP13166592.9A EP13166592A EP2647925A3 EP 2647925 A3 EP2647925 A3 EP 2647925A3 EP 13166592 A EP13166592 A EP 13166592A EP 2647925 A3 EP2647925 A3 EP 2647925A3
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- refrigerant
- radiator
- outlet
- detection means
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract 6
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 abstract 5
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 abstract 2
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
- F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
- F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
- F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2341/00—Details of ejectors not being used as compression device; Details of flow restrictors or expansion valves
- F25B2341/06—Details of flow restrictors or expansion valves
- F25B2341/063—Feed forward expansion valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/17—Control issues by controlling the pressure of the condenser
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
- F25B2700/1933—Suction pressures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2102—Temperatures at the outlet of the gas cooler
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
- F25B2700/21151—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the suction side of the compressor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
- F25B2700/21152—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the discharge side of the compressor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
- F25B2700/21161—Temperatures of a condenser of the fluid heated by the condenser
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
- F25B2700/21174—Temperatures of an evaporator of the refrigerant at the inlet of the evaporator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
Abstract
a compressor (1), a radiator (2), decompression means (3), a heat absorber (4), an internal heat exchanger (5) that performs heat exchange between a refrigerant at an outlet of said radiator and the refrigerant at an outlet of said heat absorber, wherein first temperature detection means (30) for detecting a refrigerant temperature between an outlet of the compressor (1) and an inlet of the radiator (2) and second temperature detection means (31) for detecting the refrigerant temperature between the outlet of the radiator (2) and a high-pressure side inlet of the internal heat exchanger (5) are provided, and
an opening degree of decompression means (3) is controlled so that a temperature difference (ΔT) between a detection temperature by the first temperature detection means (30) and the detection temperature by the second temperature detection means (31) becomes a target value.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007310097A JP4948374B2 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2007-11-30 | Refrigeration cycle equipment |
EP08855672.5A EP2196745B1 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-11-20 | Refrigeration cycle device |
Related Parent Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08855672.5A Division EP2196745B1 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-11-20 | Refrigeration cycle device |
EP08855672.5A Division-Into EP2196745B1 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-11-20 | Refrigeration cycle device |
EP08855672.5 Division | 2008-11-20 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2647925A2 EP2647925A2 (en) | 2013-10-09 |
EP2647925A3 true EP2647925A3 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
EP2647925B1 EP2647925B1 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
Family
ID=40678426
Family Applications (5)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13166593.7A Active EP2647926B1 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-11-20 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
EP13166596.0A Active EP2647928B1 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-11-20 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
EP13166592.9A Active EP2647925B1 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-11-20 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
EP13166595.2A Active EP2647927B1 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-11-20 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
EP08855672.5A Active EP2196745B1 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-11-20 | Refrigeration cycle device |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13166593.7A Active EP2647926B1 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-11-20 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
EP13166596.0A Active EP2647928B1 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-11-20 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13166595.2A Active EP2647927B1 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-11-20 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
EP08855672.5A Active EP2196745B1 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-11-20 | Refrigeration cycle device |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100205987A1 (en) |
EP (5) | EP2647926B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4948374B2 (en) |
CN (2) | CN101842645B (en) |
DK (5) | DK2647925T3 (en) |
ES (5) | ES2650233T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009069524A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (34)
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JP5330915B2 (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2013-10-30 | 株式会社前川製作所 | Dual refrigeration cycle apparatus and control method thereof |
WO2011099074A1 (en) * | 2010-02-12 | 2011-08-18 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Refrigeration cycle device |
JP5558937B2 (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2014-07-23 | 株式会社コロナ | Heat pump type water heater |
US9157650B2 (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2015-10-13 | Toshiba Carrier Corporation | Heat source apparatus |
CN103635761A (en) * | 2011-08-04 | 2014-03-12 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Refrigeration device |
KR20130041640A (en) | 2011-10-17 | 2013-04-25 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Air conditioner and control method of the same |
EP3112777B1 (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2018-11-14 | LG Electronics Inc. | Air conditioner and operation method of the same |
WO2013080244A1 (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2013-06-06 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Refrigerating/air-conditioning device |
JP5875396B2 (en) * | 2012-02-10 | 2016-03-02 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Heat pump control device, heat pump, and heat pump control method |
JP5861577B2 (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2016-02-16 | 株式会社デンソー | Water heater |
JP5831423B2 (en) * | 2012-10-08 | 2015-12-09 | 株式会社デンソー | Refrigeration cycle equipment |
CN104884876B (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2017-03-08 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Refrigerating circulatory device and the control method of refrigerating circulatory device |
DE102013001455A1 (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2014-08-14 | Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften München | Arrangement and method for supplying heat to a building |
WO2014129361A1 (en) * | 2013-02-19 | 2014-08-28 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Air conditioner |
DE102013210175A1 (en) | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Heat pump for use of environmentally friendly refrigerants |
WO2015111175A1 (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2015-07-30 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Heat pump apparatus |
JP5874754B2 (en) * | 2014-01-31 | 2016-03-02 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Refrigeration equipment |
EP3128256A4 (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2017-12-27 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Heat pump system |
CN106796066A (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2017-05-31 | 开利公司 | Internal imbibition type heat exchanger |
JP6328270B2 (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2018-05-23 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Air conditioner |
JP6456139B2 (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2019-01-23 | 株式会社前川製作所 | Refrigeration or air conditioner and control method thereof |
CN108027189B (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2021-07-06 | 开利公司 | Freeze protection system and method for a chiller |
JP2017088137A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2017-05-25 | 株式会社ヴァレオジャパン | Refrigeration cycle of vehicular air conditioner and vehicle mounted with the same |
JP6745657B2 (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2020-08-26 | リンナイ株式会社 | Hot water supply system |
JP6704505B2 (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2020-06-03 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Heat pump water heater |
WO2020075238A1 (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2020-04-16 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Plate heat exchanger and heat pump device |
CN111854206B (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2022-01-25 | 青岛海尔智能技术研发有限公司 | Refrigerator equipment, refrigerating system and control method of refrigerating system |
AT522875B1 (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-03-15 | Lambda Waermepumpen Gmbh | Method for controlling an expansion valve |
DE102020115274A1 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2021-12-09 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for operating a compression refrigeration system |
JP7014988B1 (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2022-02-02 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Refrigeration equipment |
WO2022162819A1 (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-08-04 | 日立ジョンソンコントロールズ空調株式会社 | Air-conditioning device |
DE102021127213A1 (en) | 2021-10-20 | 2023-04-20 | Lauda Dr. R. Wobser Gmbh & Co. Kg | Refrigeration system and method for operating a refrigeration system |
CN114234450B (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2023-09-08 | 山东雅士股份有限公司 | Variable frequency CO 2 Control method of water heater unit |
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US20040261435A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2004-12-30 | Yu Chen | Control of refrigeration system to optimize coefficient of performance |
JP2005315558A (en) * | 2004-03-29 | 2005-11-10 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Heat pump water heater |
JP2007093100A (en) * | 2005-09-28 | 2007-04-12 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Control method of heat pump water heater, and heat pump water heater |
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2007
- 2007-11-30 JP JP2007310097A patent/JP4948374B2/en active Active
-
2008
- 2008-11-20 ES ES08855672.5T patent/ES2650233T3/en active Active
- 2008-11-20 DK DK13166592.9T patent/DK2647925T3/en active
- 2008-11-20 EP EP13166593.7A patent/EP2647926B1/en active Active
- 2008-11-20 EP EP13166596.0A patent/EP2647928B1/en active Active
- 2008-11-20 CN CN2008801141141A patent/CN101842645B/en active Active
- 2008-11-20 US US12/738,924 patent/US20100205987A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-11-20 DK DK13166596.0T patent/DK2647928T3/en active
- 2008-11-20 CN CN201110289736.1A patent/CN102425872B/en active Active
- 2008-11-20 DK DK13166593.7T patent/DK2647926T3/en active
- 2008-11-20 ES ES13166595T patent/ES2823758T3/en active Active
- 2008-11-20 ES ES13166593T patent/ES2700938T3/en active Active
- 2008-11-20 EP EP13166592.9A patent/EP2647925B1/en active Active
- 2008-11-20 WO PCT/JP2008/071069 patent/WO2009069524A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-11-20 EP EP13166595.2A patent/EP2647927B1/en active Active
- 2008-11-20 DK DK08855672.5T patent/DK2196745T3/en active
- 2008-11-20 EP EP08855672.5A patent/EP2196745B1/en active Active
- 2008-11-20 ES ES13166592.9T patent/ES2611980T3/en active Active
- 2008-11-20 DK DK13166595.2T patent/DK2647927T3/en active
- 2008-11-20 ES ES13166596.0T patent/ES2605462T3/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20030061827A1 (en) * | 2001-10-03 | 2003-04-03 | Hisayoshi Sakakibara | Super-critical refrigerant cycle system and water heater using the same |
JP2003176957A (en) * | 2001-10-03 | 2003-06-27 | Denso Corp | Refrigerating cycle device |
JP2003139419A (en) * | 2001-11-05 | 2003-05-14 | Denso Corp | Hot water supply system |
US20040261435A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2004-12-30 | Yu Chen | Control of refrigeration system to optimize coefficient of performance |
JP2005315558A (en) * | 2004-03-29 | 2005-11-10 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Heat pump water heater |
JP2007093100A (en) * | 2005-09-28 | 2007-04-12 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Control method of heat pump water heater, and heat pump water heater |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
WHITE S D ET AL: "A HEAT PUMP FOR SIMULTANEOUS REFRIGERATION AND WATER HEATING", TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTION OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS NEWZEALAND, ELECTRICAL/ MECHANICAL/ CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SECTION, INSTITUTION OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS NEW ZEALAND, WELLINGTON, NZ, vol. 24, no. 1, 1 November 1997 (1997-11-01), pages 36 - 43, XP008041183, ISSN: 0111-946X * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2647927B1 (en) | 2020-09-16 |
EP2647928A2 (en) | 2013-10-09 |
EP2647926A2 (en) | 2013-10-09 |
CN101842645A (en) | 2010-09-22 |
EP2647928B1 (en) | 2016-10-26 |
EP2647926A3 (en) | 2015-07-29 |
CN102425872B (en) | 2014-06-25 |
WO2009069524A1 (en) | 2009-06-04 |
ES2605462T3 (en) | 2017-03-14 |
EP2647925B1 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
EP2647925A2 (en) | 2013-10-09 |
JP4948374B2 (en) | 2012-06-06 |
CN101842645B (en) | 2012-11-28 |
US20100205987A1 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
EP2196745B1 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
EP2647927A3 (en) | 2015-07-29 |
EP2647928A3 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
ES2823758T3 (en) | 2021-05-10 |
ES2700938T3 (en) | 2019-02-20 |
DK2647926T3 (en) | 2019-01-07 |
EP2196745A4 (en) | 2013-02-13 |
EP2196745A1 (en) | 2010-06-16 |
CN102425872A (en) | 2012-04-25 |
DK2647925T3 (en) | 2017-02-06 |
ES2650233T3 (en) | 2018-01-17 |
DK2647928T3 (en) | 2016-12-12 |
DK2647927T3 (en) | 2020-10-19 |
JP2009133547A (en) | 2009-06-18 |
DK2196745T3 (en) | 2017-12-11 |
ES2611980T3 (en) | 2017-05-11 |
EP2647926B1 (en) | 2018-10-24 |
EP2647927A2 (en) | 2013-10-09 |
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