EP2645384B1 - Transformator und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Transformators - Google Patents

Transformator und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Transformators Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2645384B1
EP2645384B1 EP12161388.9A EP12161388A EP2645384B1 EP 2645384 B1 EP2645384 B1 EP 2645384B1 EP 12161388 A EP12161388 A EP 12161388A EP 2645384 B1 EP2645384 B1 EP 2645384B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transformer
cylinder
shielding
winding
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12161388.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2645384A1 (de
Inventor
Daniel Hörmann
Andre Silbernagel
Sebastian Wittemann
Ingo Gerd Zehner
Markus Baumann
Reinhold Beck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to PL12161388T priority Critical patent/PL2645384T3/pl
Priority to EP12161388.9A priority patent/EP2645384B1/de
Priority to CN201380015198.4A priority patent/CN104170035B/zh
Priority to PCT/EP2013/055247 priority patent/WO2013143865A1/de
Publication of EP2645384A1 publication Critical patent/EP2645384A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2645384B1 publication Critical patent/EP2645384B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/288—Shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/36—Electric or magnetic shields or screens
    • H01F27/363—Electric or magnetic shields or screens made of electrically conductive material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/36—Electric or magnetic shields or screens

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transformer having a high-voltage primary winding and a low-voltage secondary winding, which are arranged concentrically to each other and to a magnetically conductive core in a tube winding assembly, and a method for producing such a transformer.
  • the input terminal behavior of a transformer can be described by a complex resistor, referred to below as input impedance. Since in a transformer capacitances, inductances and ohmic resistors are linked in the manner of a linear network, the input impedance of the transformer is generally dependent on the frequency of a sinusoidal alternating voltage applied to a high-voltage primary winding, hereinafter referred to as operating frequency.
  • Winding arrangements in which different windings are concentrically arranged around the magnetically conductive core are referred to as tube windings.
  • Such tube windings may be formed as a layer winding, wherein a plurality of continuous turns of an electrically conductive wire in an axial direction are arranged side by side as a layer. In this case, several layers lying one above the other in a radial direction form a winding.
  • Such tube windings may also be formed as a coil winding, wherein a plurality of continuous turns of an electrically conductive wire in the radial direction are arranged one above the other as a coil. In this case, a plurality of adjacent coils in the axial direction form a winding. Furthermore, tube winding arrangements are possible in which at least one winding is designed as a coil winding and at least one further winding as a layer winding.
  • transformers emit electromagnetic interference radiation. At a given operating frequency in this case increases the power of the electromagnetic interference with decreasing input impedance of the transformer.
  • the input impedance above a cutoff frequency for example above 10 kilohertz, is higher in a transformer with a high-voltage primary winding in the coil winding than in a high-voltage primary winding configured in layer winding.
  • a power transformer which has a screen cylinder arranged between the low-voltage winding and the high-voltage winding.
  • From the EP 0 466 642 A1 Transformer is arranged with a arranged between inner winding and core or between two windings shield, which consists of a arranged between two insulating sheets strip-shaped metallized film.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an improved transformer with a high-voltage primary winding and a secondary subvoltage winding in tube winding assembly. Furthermore, the invention has for its object to provide a method for producing such a transformer.
  • a shield cylinder is concentrically disposed between the high-voltage primary winding and the low-voltage secondary winding and comprises at least one electrically peripheral shielding layer approximately concentric with the cylinder jacket surface and electrically connected to a ground contact of the transformer.
  • the concentric arrangement of the high-voltage primary winding and the undervoltage secondary winding causes, in addition to the inductive coupling between the two windings, the formation of an electrical capacitor in the manner of a cylindrical capacitor.
  • the input impedance of the high-voltage primary winding is thus fundamentally influenced by the winding inductance, the ohmic line resistance and the capacitance of the windings.
  • the magnitude of the capacitive portion of the input impedance of the high voltage primary winding is inversely proportional to the operating frequency of the transformer, while the magnitude of the inductive portion of the input impedance is proportional to the operating frequency and the magnitude of the ohmic portion of the input impedance is independent of the operating frequency.
  • the noise current absorbed by the high-voltage primary winding is thus limited by the inductance at low operating frequencies and by the capacity of the high-voltage primary winding at high operating frequencies.
  • the amount of the input impedance is thus increased, in particular in high ranges of the operating frequency, for example at an operating frequency of more than 10 kilohertz. This also reduces the capacitively transmitted electrical power. This causes a reduction in the radiated interference power.
  • the shielding layer comprises at least one annular band of electrically conductive material arranged annularly around the cylinder axis, at least one longitudinal band of electrically conductive material extended in the axial direction and a flexible envelope of electrically conductive material arranged in tubular fashion around the entirety of these bands. wherein the bands are electrically connected to each other and to the enclosure.
  • a flexible material for example in the form of a guide paper or a copper fabric, is particularly suitable for this, since the conversion and adaptation costs are particularly low.
  • the cladding of the conductive mesh shielding braids absorbs portions of the electric field which penetrate the gaps between the annular bands and the longitudinal bands. Since the enclosure is electrically connected to the annular bands and the longitudinal bands, the current flow in the enclosure is limited to the potential equalization within such a gap.
  • a material with a higher resistivity can also be used.
  • the use of the invention therefore makes it possible to use a less expensive production technique in the manufacture of a transformer with a predetermined operating behavior.
  • the high-voltage primary winding lies in the radial direction on the outside and is designed as a layer winding.
  • the inductive coupling is particularly large in a concentric arrangement of the secondary subvoltage winding within the high-voltage primary winding, since in this case a particularly large proportion of the magnetic leakage flux generated by the high-voltage primary winding flows through the undervoltage secondary winding.
  • the arrangement of a screen cylinder between a radially inferior subvoltage secondary winding and an external high voltage primary winding reduces the manufacturing cost of a transformer since this allows the use of a layer winding assembly for the high voltage primary winding.
  • the undervoltage secondary winding is designed as a traction secondary winding for supplying an electric drive machine of a vehicle, has a smaller number of turns than the high-voltage primary winding and is arranged concentrically within the umbrella cylinder.
  • the supplied from the catenary wire upper voltage is dependent on the traction current system at several kilovolts, for example at 15 kilovolts.
  • the traction voltage used to power the prime mover is in the range of several hundred volts to about 2 kilovolts.
  • the conversion of the upper voltage into the traction voltage is performed by a transformer called a transformer.
  • the operators of railway systems specify frequency-dependent limits for the interference power, which may be radiated maximum by a traction transformer.
  • the high-voltage primary winding is arranged concentrically around the lower-voltage secondary winding, referred to as traction secondary winding.
  • traction secondary winding a particularly large proportion of the magnetic flux generated by the high-voltage primary winding is passed through the traction secondary winding.
  • the capacitive voltage transmission is reduced in the high-voltage primary winding, and thus the decrease of the impedance values at frequencies above a cutoff frequency, for example above 10 kilohertz, prevented or reduced, and thus the Power of the emitted interference radiation, especially in the range of high frequencies, for example, above 10 kilohertz, reduced.
  • the invention advantageously makes it possible to optimally utilize the installation space, which is often limited in vehicles, for a traction transformer, since further measures for changing the impedance curve, for example by changing the dimensions or geometry of the traction transformer, can be dispensed with.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that traction transformers, which hitherto have violated specifications of a railway system operator with regard to the radiated interference power, are modified by the insertion of an umbrella cylinder according to the invention in such a way that compliance with these specifications is achieved.
  • the umbrella cylinder comprises an inner one in a radial direction inner insulating cylinder made of electrically insulating material and a radially outer outer insulating cylinder made of electrically insulating material, wherein the electrically conductive shielding layer is arranged concentrically between the inner insulating cylinder and the outer insulating cylinder.
  • the high-voltage primary winding, the secondary secondary voltage winding and the electrically conductive shielding layer are each electrically insulated from one another by this embodiment.
  • the at least one ring band and / or the at least one longitudinal band is / are made of copper.
  • the distances between the annular bands can be made larger than would have been possible with a material having a higher resistivity.
  • Another advantage of using copper is its comparatively very low magnetic permeability. As a result, the propagation of the magnetic flux from the high-voltage winding in the traction secondary winding is not or only minimally affected.
  • At least one first layer of insulation paper is arranged between the inner insulation cylinder and the shielding braid.
  • the inner insulating cylinder is protected from mechanical damage during the application of the annular bands by the application of insulating paper. This additionally reduces the risk of a too low insulation resistance between the Schirmungslage the umbrella cylinder and the traction secondary winding.
  • At least one second layer of insulating paper is arranged between the outer insulation cylinder and the sheath of the shielding braid.
  • the second layer of insulating paper effects protection of the outer insulating cylinder from mechanical damage by the envelope of flexible electrical material and the underlying annular bands and longitudinal strips.
  • the sheathing of the shielding braid is formed as an electrically conductive guide paper or as a copper mesh.
  • the installation of the transformer is particularly facilitated by the use of a flexible electrically conductive material, since this can be compensated for one tolerance variations in the diameter of the underlying traction secondary winding.
  • flexible material it is possible with flexible material to produce a closed electrically conductive sheath of the shielding braid by wrapping a leg of a transformer core with a closed yoke.
  • Guide paper and copper mesh are particularly suitable for cladding, as they have a high electrical conductivity and a low magnetic permeability.
  • a particular advantage of using copper mesh is its mechanical stability and robustness against tearing and breaking, for example at kinks.
  • a heat-conducting device is arranged between the umbrella cylinder and at least one of the windings.
  • the ohmic resistance of the winding wire creates heat inside a winding.
  • this heat is transported by means of heat conducting devices to the housing of the transformer. This allows, on the one hand, an operation of the transformer with a higher transmission power and, on the other hand, allows the use of winding wire with a smaller cross-section and thus improves the overall efficiency of a transformer.
  • a heat-conducting device has at least one oil channel for transporting transformer oil.
  • the transformer When the transformer is filled with transformer oil, the windings are completely enclosed by the transformer oil. This allows a good heat transfer from the winding wire to the surrounding transformer oil. This in turn can deliver the heat to the transformer housing and / or to cooling devices, for example in the manner of a fan-cooled heat exchanger.
  • An oil passage allows for improved circulation of the transformer oil between the inner winding regions and oil reservoirs, which are in direct contact with the transformer housing and / or the cooling devices.
  • a particular advantage of this method is the execution of the high-voltage primary winding in a layer winding arrangement, which is easier to produce compared to another winding arrangement, for example to a coil winding arrangement.
  • the fabrication of a high voltage primary winding of a traction transformer in sheet winding assembly by a single operator is possible while often requiring two processors for fabrication in coil winding assembly.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the profile of the input impedance of a traction transformer along an impedance axis Z over the frequency along a frequency axis f of the prior art in a double logarithmic representation.
  • the nominal impedance curve 1 indicates the minimum required impedance in a critical frequency range, for example between 100 hertz and 150 kilohertz.
  • Traction transformers with layer winding known from the prior art have an impedance curve 2.1 without shielding cylinder, which typically falls below the nominal impedance curve 1 in an upper frequency range, for example above 10 kilohertz.
  • This reduced impedance is caused at high frequencies by the capacitive component of the impedance, which is known to be inversely proportional to the frequency in magnitude. This causes an interference radiation that is above the permitted limit pointwise or over frequency ranges.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show schematically sectional views of an embodiment for the coaxial arrangement of a screen cylinder 6 between a traction secondary winding 3 and a high-voltage primary winding 4 of a transformer T. Both windings 3, 4 are also arranged concentrically to each other and to a magnetically conductive core 5.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section in the axial direction through a tube winding assembly with umbrella cylinder 6,
  • FIG. 3 shows a section in the radial direction R.
  • the umbrella cylinder 6 comprises an insulating cylinder 6.1 which is internal in a radial direction R and an insulation cylinder 6.2 which is external in a radial direction R and an electrically conductive shielding layer 6.3 arranged between the insulation cylinders 6.1, 6.2.
  • cooling devices between the umbrella cylinder 6 and at least one winding 3, 4, for example oil passages for transporting transformer oil.
  • the electrically conductive Schirmungslage 6.3 comprises a plurality of concentric to the core 5, the traction secondary winding 3 and the inner insulation cylinder 6.1 arranged annular bands 6.3.1 of electrically conductive material. These annular bands 6.3.1 are arranged along an axial direction A at approximately equal intervals and are electrically connected to one another with at least one longitudinal band 6.3.2 of electrically conductive material.
  • a sheath made of flexible electrically conductive material is arranged.
  • This enclosure may be formed, for example, as an electrically conductive paper or as a copper mesh.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows further details of the Schirmungslage 6.3.
  • the inner insulation cylinder 6.1 not shown here, encloses the traction secondary winding 3. It can also optionally enclose an oil channel.
  • To this inner insulation cylinder 6.1 several layers of insulation paper are wound.
  • the annular bands 6.3.1 are arranged and fixed with adhesive tape 6.3.3.
  • At least one longitudinal band 6.3.2 extended in the axial direction A is arranged on the annular bands 6.3.1, fixed with adhesive strips 6.3.3 and electrically connected to the annular bands 6.3.1.
  • the shielding layer 6.3 extends over the entire length of the windings 3, 4.
  • At least one longitudinal belt 6.3.2 is connected by means of a cable lug 6.3.4 with the ground contact of the transformer T.
  • bands 6.3.1, 6.3.2 and the sheath of flexible electrically conductive material act as a Faraday cage, approximately representing an equipotential surface with the ground potential of the earth.
  • the propagation of the electric field between the inner traction secondary winding 3 and the outer high-voltage primary winding 4 is prevented or greatly reduced.
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically the impedance curve 2.2 of a transformer T when using a screen cylinder 6. Due to the reduced capacity, the impedance drops at high frequencies, for example, above 10 kilohertz, reduced.
  • the impedance curve 2.2 with umbrella cylinder thus lies in the entire specified frequency range above the values which are predetermined by the desired impedance curve 1. This ensures that the specified upper limits for the radiated interference power are maintained by the transformer T with umbrella cylinder 6.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Regulation Of General Use Transformers (AREA)
EP12161388.9A 2012-03-27 2012-03-27 Transformator und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Transformators Active EP2645384B1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL12161388T PL2645384T3 (pl) 2012-03-27 2012-03-27 Transformator i sposób wytwarzania transformatora
EP12161388.9A EP2645384B1 (de) 2012-03-27 2012-03-27 Transformator und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Transformators
CN201380015198.4A CN104170035B (zh) 2012-03-27 2013-03-14 变压器和用于制造变压器的方法
PCT/EP2013/055247 WO2013143865A1 (de) 2012-03-27 2013-03-14 Transformator und verfahren zur herstellung eines transformators

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12161388.9A EP2645384B1 (de) 2012-03-27 2012-03-27 Transformator und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Transformators

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2645384A1 EP2645384A1 (de) 2013-10-02
EP2645384B1 true EP2645384B1 (de) 2018-11-14

Family

ID=47915183

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12161388.9A Active EP2645384B1 (de) 2012-03-27 2012-03-27 Transformator und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Transformators

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2645384B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN104170035B (zh)
PL (1) PL2645384T3 (zh)
WO (1) WO2013143865A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103996507B (zh) * 2014-05-26 2016-02-24 中国铁路总公司 卷铁芯牵引变压器
CN104916413B (zh) * 2015-06-05 2017-10-17 卧龙电气集团股份有限公司 一种AT供电330kV牵引变压器引线容性屏蔽结构
CN105097253A (zh) * 2015-09-16 2015-11-25 浙江江山变压器股份有限公司 油浸式变压器局部放电试验用抑制电源干扰的隔离变压器
CN107978441A (zh) * 2017-11-11 2018-05-01 河南森源电气股份有限公司 Gis电流互感器及其屏蔽筒
WO2019174847A1 (de) 2018-03-13 2019-09-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrische maschine
AT522601A1 (de) * 2019-05-13 2020-12-15 Omicron Electronics Gmbh Hochspannungstransformator, Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Hochspannungstransformators sowie Prüfsystem und Prüfsignalvorrichtung mit einem Hochspannungstransformator
WO2024104618A1 (de) * 2022-11-14 2024-05-23 Siemens Mobility GmbH Transformatorschirmung mit resonanzdämpfender erdanbindung

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US3678428A (en) * 1971-05-17 1972-07-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp Interwinding shield for power transformers
US4176334A (en) * 1975-08-25 1979-11-27 Hughes Aircraft Company High voltage transformer and process for making same
DK0466642T3 (da) * 1990-07-10 1994-05-16 Weidmann H Ag Afskærmning til et elektrisk apparat
CN2416585Y (zh) * 2000-03-15 2001-01-24 顺德特种变压器厂 户外式柱上干式变压器
DE102005015785A1 (de) * 2005-04-01 2006-11-16 Siemens Ag Transformator mit elektrischer Abschirmung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN104170035A (zh) 2014-11-26
EP2645384A1 (de) 2013-10-02
PL2645384T3 (pl) 2019-05-31
CN104170035B (zh) 2016-11-02
WO2013143865A1 (de) 2013-10-03

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