EP2645384B1 - Transformer and method for manufacturing a transformer - Google Patents

Transformer and method for manufacturing a transformer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2645384B1
EP2645384B1 EP12161388.9A EP12161388A EP2645384B1 EP 2645384 B1 EP2645384 B1 EP 2645384B1 EP 12161388 A EP12161388 A EP 12161388A EP 2645384 B1 EP2645384 B1 EP 2645384B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transformer
cylinder
shielding
winding
layer
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EP12161388.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2645384A1 (en
Inventor
Daniel Hörmann
Andre Silbernagel
Sebastian Wittemann
Ingo Gerd Zehner
Markus Baumann
Reinhold Beck
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to PL12161388T priority Critical patent/PL2645384T3/en
Priority to EP12161388.9A priority patent/EP2645384B1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2013/055247 priority patent/WO2013143865A1/en
Priority to CN201380015198.4A priority patent/CN104170035B/en
Publication of EP2645384A1 publication Critical patent/EP2645384A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2645384B1 publication Critical patent/EP2645384B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/288—Shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/36—Electric or magnetic shields or screens
    • H01F27/363—Electric or magnetic shields or screens made of electrically conductive material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/36—Electric or magnetic shields or screens

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transformer having a high-voltage primary winding and a low-voltage secondary winding, which are arranged concentrically to each other and to a magnetically conductive core in a tube winding assembly, and a method for producing such a transformer.
  • the input terminal behavior of a transformer can be described by a complex resistor, referred to below as input impedance. Since in a transformer capacitances, inductances and ohmic resistors are linked in the manner of a linear network, the input impedance of the transformer is generally dependent on the frequency of a sinusoidal alternating voltage applied to a high-voltage primary winding, hereinafter referred to as operating frequency.
  • Winding arrangements in which different windings are concentrically arranged around the magnetically conductive core are referred to as tube windings.
  • Such tube windings may be formed as a layer winding, wherein a plurality of continuous turns of an electrically conductive wire in an axial direction are arranged side by side as a layer. In this case, several layers lying one above the other in a radial direction form a winding.
  • Such tube windings may also be formed as a coil winding, wherein a plurality of continuous turns of an electrically conductive wire in the radial direction are arranged one above the other as a coil. In this case, a plurality of adjacent coils in the axial direction form a winding. Furthermore, tube winding arrangements are possible in which at least one winding is designed as a coil winding and at least one further winding as a layer winding.
  • transformers emit electromagnetic interference radiation. At a given operating frequency in this case increases the power of the electromagnetic interference with decreasing input impedance of the transformer.
  • the input impedance above a cutoff frequency for example above 10 kilohertz, is higher in a transformer with a high-voltage primary winding in the coil winding than in a high-voltage primary winding configured in layer winding.
  • a power transformer which has a screen cylinder arranged between the low-voltage winding and the high-voltage winding.
  • From the EP 0 466 642 A1 Transformer is arranged with a arranged between inner winding and core or between two windings shield, which consists of a arranged between two insulating sheets strip-shaped metallized film.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an improved transformer with a high-voltage primary winding and a secondary subvoltage winding in tube winding assembly. Furthermore, the invention has for its object to provide a method for producing such a transformer.
  • a shield cylinder is concentrically disposed between the high-voltage primary winding and the low-voltage secondary winding and comprises at least one electrically peripheral shielding layer approximately concentric with the cylinder jacket surface and electrically connected to a ground contact of the transformer.
  • the concentric arrangement of the high-voltage primary winding and the undervoltage secondary winding causes, in addition to the inductive coupling between the two windings, the formation of an electrical capacitor in the manner of a cylindrical capacitor.
  • the input impedance of the high-voltage primary winding is thus fundamentally influenced by the winding inductance, the ohmic line resistance and the capacitance of the windings.
  • the magnitude of the capacitive portion of the input impedance of the high voltage primary winding is inversely proportional to the operating frequency of the transformer, while the magnitude of the inductive portion of the input impedance is proportional to the operating frequency and the magnitude of the ohmic portion of the input impedance is independent of the operating frequency.
  • the noise current absorbed by the high-voltage primary winding is thus limited by the inductance at low operating frequencies and by the capacity of the high-voltage primary winding at high operating frequencies.
  • the amount of the input impedance is thus increased, in particular in high ranges of the operating frequency, for example at an operating frequency of more than 10 kilohertz. This also reduces the capacitively transmitted electrical power. This causes a reduction in the radiated interference power.
  • the shielding layer comprises at least one annular band of electrically conductive material arranged annularly around the cylinder axis, at least one longitudinal band of electrically conductive material extended in the axial direction and a flexible envelope of electrically conductive material arranged in tubular fashion around the entirety of these bands. wherein the bands are electrically connected to each other and to the enclosure.
  • a flexible material for example in the form of a guide paper or a copper fabric, is particularly suitable for this, since the conversion and adaptation costs are particularly low.
  • the cladding of the conductive mesh shielding braids absorbs portions of the electric field which penetrate the gaps between the annular bands and the longitudinal bands. Since the enclosure is electrically connected to the annular bands and the longitudinal bands, the current flow in the enclosure is limited to the potential equalization within such a gap.
  • a material with a higher resistivity can also be used.
  • the use of the invention therefore makes it possible to use a less expensive production technique in the manufacture of a transformer with a predetermined operating behavior.
  • the high-voltage primary winding lies in the radial direction on the outside and is designed as a layer winding.
  • the inductive coupling is particularly large in a concentric arrangement of the secondary subvoltage winding within the high-voltage primary winding, since in this case a particularly large proportion of the magnetic leakage flux generated by the high-voltage primary winding flows through the undervoltage secondary winding.
  • the arrangement of a screen cylinder between a radially inferior subvoltage secondary winding and an external high voltage primary winding reduces the manufacturing cost of a transformer since this allows the use of a layer winding assembly for the high voltage primary winding.
  • the undervoltage secondary winding is designed as a traction secondary winding for supplying an electric drive machine of a vehicle, has a smaller number of turns than the high-voltage primary winding and is arranged concentrically within the umbrella cylinder.
  • the supplied from the catenary wire upper voltage is dependent on the traction current system at several kilovolts, for example at 15 kilovolts.
  • the traction voltage used to power the prime mover is in the range of several hundred volts to about 2 kilovolts.
  • the conversion of the upper voltage into the traction voltage is performed by a transformer called a transformer.
  • the operators of railway systems specify frequency-dependent limits for the interference power, which may be radiated maximum by a traction transformer.
  • the high-voltage primary winding is arranged concentrically around the lower-voltage secondary winding, referred to as traction secondary winding.
  • traction secondary winding a particularly large proportion of the magnetic flux generated by the high-voltage primary winding is passed through the traction secondary winding.
  • the capacitive voltage transmission is reduced in the high-voltage primary winding, and thus the decrease of the impedance values at frequencies above a cutoff frequency, for example above 10 kilohertz, prevented or reduced, and thus the Power of the emitted interference radiation, especially in the range of high frequencies, for example, above 10 kilohertz, reduced.
  • the invention advantageously makes it possible to optimally utilize the installation space, which is often limited in vehicles, for a traction transformer, since further measures for changing the impedance curve, for example by changing the dimensions or geometry of the traction transformer, can be dispensed with.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that traction transformers, which hitherto have violated specifications of a railway system operator with regard to the radiated interference power, are modified by the insertion of an umbrella cylinder according to the invention in such a way that compliance with these specifications is achieved.
  • the umbrella cylinder comprises an inner one in a radial direction inner insulating cylinder made of electrically insulating material and a radially outer outer insulating cylinder made of electrically insulating material, wherein the electrically conductive shielding layer is arranged concentrically between the inner insulating cylinder and the outer insulating cylinder.
  • the high-voltage primary winding, the secondary secondary voltage winding and the electrically conductive shielding layer are each electrically insulated from one another by this embodiment.
  • the at least one ring band and / or the at least one longitudinal band is / are made of copper.
  • the distances between the annular bands can be made larger than would have been possible with a material having a higher resistivity.
  • Another advantage of using copper is its comparatively very low magnetic permeability. As a result, the propagation of the magnetic flux from the high-voltage winding in the traction secondary winding is not or only minimally affected.
  • At least one first layer of insulation paper is arranged between the inner insulation cylinder and the shielding braid.
  • the inner insulating cylinder is protected from mechanical damage during the application of the annular bands by the application of insulating paper. This additionally reduces the risk of a too low insulation resistance between the Schirmungslage the umbrella cylinder and the traction secondary winding.
  • At least one second layer of insulating paper is arranged between the outer insulation cylinder and the sheath of the shielding braid.
  • the second layer of insulating paper effects protection of the outer insulating cylinder from mechanical damage by the envelope of flexible electrical material and the underlying annular bands and longitudinal strips.
  • the sheathing of the shielding braid is formed as an electrically conductive guide paper or as a copper mesh.
  • the installation of the transformer is particularly facilitated by the use of a flexible electrically conductive material, since this can be compensated for one tolerance variations in the diameter of the underlying traction secondary winding.
  • flexible material it is possible with flexible material to produce a closed electrically conductive sheath of the shielding braid by wrapping a leg of a transformer core with a closed yoke.
  • Guide paper and copper mesh are particularly suitable for cladding, as they have a high electrical conductivity and a low magnetic permeability.
  • a particular advantage of using copper mesh is its mechanical stability and robustness against tearing and breaking, for example at kinks.
  • a heat-conducting device is arranged between the umbrella cylinder and at least one of the windings.
  • the ohmic resistance of the winding wire creates heat inside a winding.
  • this heat is transported by means of heat conducting devices to the housing of the transformer. This allows, on the one hand, an operation of the transformer with a higher transmission power and, on the other hand, allows the use of winding wire with a smaller cross-section and thus improves the overall efficiency of a transformer.
  • a heat-conducting device has at least one oil channel for transporting transformer oil.
  • the transformer When the transformer is filled with transformer oil, the windings are completely enclosed by the transformer oil. This allows a good heat transfer from the winding wire to the surrounding transformer oil. This in turn can deliver the heat to the transformer housing and / or to cooling devices, for example in the manner of a fan-cooled heat exchanger.
  • An oil passage allows for improved circulation of the transformer oil between the inner winding regions and oil reservoirs, which are in direct contact with the transformer housing and / or the cooling devices.
  • a particular advantage of this method is the execution of the high-voltage primary winding in a layer winding arrangement, which is easier to produce compared to another winding arrangement, for example to a coil winding arrangement.
  • the fabrication of a high voltage primary winding of a traction transformer in sheet winding assembly by a single operator is possible while often requiring two processors for fabrication in coil winding assembly.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the profile of the input impedance of a traction transformer along an impedance axis Z over the frequency along a frequency axis f of the prior art in a double logarithmic representation.
  • the nominal impedance curve 1 indicates the minimum required impedance in a critical frequency range, for example between 100 hertz and 150 kilohertz.
  • Traction transformers with layer winding known from the prior art have an impedance curve 2.1 without shielding cylinder, which typically falls below the nominal impedance curve 1 in an upper frequency range, for example above 10 kilohertz.
  • This reduced impedance is caused at high frequencies by the capacitive component of the impedance, which is known to be inversely proportional to the frequency in magnitude. This causes an interference radiation that is above the permitted limit pointwise or over frequency ranges.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show schematically sectional views of an embodiment for the coaxial arrangement of a screen cylinder 6 between a traction secondary winding 3 and a high-voltage primary winding 4 of a transformer T. Both windings 3, 4 are also arranged concentrically to each other and to a magnetically conductive core 5.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section in the axial direction through a tube winding assembly with umbrella cylinder 6,
  • FIG. 3 shows a section in the radial direction R.
  • the umbrella cylinder 6 comprises an insulating cylinder 6.1 which is internal in a radial direction R and an insulation cylinder 6.2 which is external in a radial direction R and an electrically conductive shielding layer 6.3 arranged between the insulation cylinders 6.1, 6.2.
  • cooling devices between the umbrella cylinder 6 and at least one winding 3, 4, for example oil passages for transporting transformer oil.
  • the electrically conductive Schirmungslage 6.3 comprises a plurality of concentric to the core 5, the traction secondary winding 3 and the inner insulation cylinder 6.1 arranged annular bands 6.3.1 of electrically conductive material. These annular bands 6.3.1 are arranged along an axial direction A at approximately equal intervals and are electrically connected to one another with at least one longitudinal band 6.3.2 of electrically conductive material.
  • a sheath made of flexible electrically conductive material is arranged.
  • This enclosure may be formed, for example, as an electrically conductive paper or as a copper mesh.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows further details of the Schirmungslage 6.3.
  • the inner insulation cylinder 6.1 not shown here, encloses the traction secondary winding 3. It can also optionally enclose an oil channel.
  • To this inner insulation cylinder 6.1 several layers of insulation paper are wound.
  • the annular bands 6.3.1 are arranged and fixed with adhesive tape 6.3.3.
  • At least one longitudinal band 6.3.2 extended in the axial direction A is arranged on the annular bands 6.3.1, fixed with adhesive strips 6.3.3 and electrically connected to the annular bands 6.3.1.
  • the shielding layer 6.3 extends over the entire length of the windings 3, 4.
  • At least one longitudinal belt 6.3.2 is connected by means of a cable lug 6.3.4 with the ground contact of the transformer T.
  • bands 6.3.1, 6.3.2 and the sheath of flexible electrically conductive material act as a Faraday cage, approximately representing an equipotential surface with the ground potential of the earth.
  • the propagation of the electric field between the inner traction secondary winding 3 and the outer high-voltage primary winding 4 is prevented or greatly reduced.
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically the impedance curve 2.2 of a transformer T when using a screen cylinder 6. Due to the reduced capacity, the impedance drops at high frequencies, for example, above 10 kilohertz, reduced.
  • the impedance curve 2.2 with umbrella cylinder thus lies in the entire specified frequency range above the values which are predetermined by the desired impedance curve 1. This ensures that the specified upper limits for the radiated interference power are maintained by the transformer T with umbrella cylinder 6.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Regulation Of General Use Transformers (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Transformator mit einer Oberspannungsprimärwicklung und einer Unterspannungssekundärwicklung, die konzentrisch zueinander und zu einem magnetisch leitfähigen Kern in einer Röhrenwicklungsanordnung angeordnet sind, sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Transformators.The invention relates to a transformer having a high-voltage primary winding and a low-voltage secondary winding, which are arranged concentrically to each other and to a magnetically conductive core in a tube winding assembly, and a method for producing such a transformer.

Das Eingangsklemmenverhalten eines Transformators lässt sich über einen komplexen Widerstand, im Folgenden als Eingangsimpedanz bezeichnet, beschreiben. Da in einem Transformator Kapazitäten, Induktivitäten und Ohmsche Widerstände in der Art eines linearen Netzwerkes verknüpft sind, ist die Eingangsimpedanz des Transformators im Allgemeinen von der Frequenz einer an einer Oberspannungsprimärwicklung anliegenden sinusförmigen Wechselspannung, im Folgenden als Betriebsfrequenz bezeichnet, abhängig.The input terminal behavior of a transformer can be described by a complex resistor, referred to below as input impedance. Since in a transformer capacitances, inductances and ohmic resistors are linked in the manner of a linear network, the input impedance of the transformer is generally dependent on the frequency of a sinusoidal alternating voltage applied to a high-voltage primary winding, hereinafter referred to as operating frequency.

Wicklungsanordnungen, bei denen verschiedene Wicklungen konzentrisch zueinander um den magnetisch leitfähigen Kern angeordnet sind, werden als Röhrenwicklungen bezeichnet.Winding arrangements in which different windings are concentrically arranged around the magnetically conductive core are referred to as tube windings.

Derartige Röhrenwicklungen können als Lagenwicklung ausgebildet sein, wobei mehrere fortlaufende Windungen eines elektrisch leitfähigen Drahts in einer axialen Richtung nebeneinander als Lage angeordnet werden. Hierbei bilden mehrere in einer radialen Richtung übereinander liegende Lagen eine Wicklung.Such tube windings may be formed as a layer winding, wherein a plurality of continuous turns of an electrically conductive wire in an axial direction are arranged side by side as a layer. In this case, several layers lying one above the other in a radial direction form a winding.

Derartige Röhrenwicklungen können auch als Spulenwicklung ausgebildet sein, wobei mehrere fortlaufende Windungen eines elektrisch leitfähigen Drahts in radialer Richtung übereinander als Spule angeordnet werden. Hierbei bilden mehrere in axialer Richtung nebeneinander liegende Spulen eine Wicklung. Ferner sind Röhrenwicklungsanordnungen möglich, bei denen mindestens eine Wicklung als Spulenwicklung und mindestens eine weitere Wicklung als Lagenwicklung ausgeführt ist.Such tube windings may also be formed as a coil winding, wherein a plurality of continuous turns of an electrically conductive wire in the radial direction are arranged one above the other as a coil. In this case, a plurality of adjacent coils in the axial direction form a winding. Furthermore, tube winding arrangements are possible in which at least one winding is designed as a coil winding and at least one further winding as a layer winding.

Es ist bekannt, dass die Herstellung von Spulenwicklungen aufwändiger als die Herstellung von Lagenwicklungen mit gleicher Windungsanzahl ist, wenn die Zahl der Lagen ausreichend groß, beispielsweise größer als etwa 10 ist.It is known that the production of coil windings is more complex than the production of layer windings with the same number of turns, if the number of layers is sufficiently large, for example greater than about 10.

Aus dem Stand der Technik ist ferner bekannt, dass Transformatoren elektromagnetische Störstrahlung aussenden. Bei einer vorgegebenen Betriebsfrequenz nimmt hierbei die Leistung der elektromagnetischen Störstrahlung mit abnehmender Eingangsimpedanz des Transformators zu.It is also known from the prior art that transformers emit electromagnetic interference radiation. At a given operating frequency in this case increases the power of the electromagnetic interference with decreasing input impedance of the transformer.

Aus dem Stand der Technik ist ferner bekannt, dass bei gleicher Windungszahl und bei gleichem Übersetzungsverhältnis die Eingangsimpedanz oberhalb einer Grenzfrequenz, beispielsweise oberhalb von 10 Kilohertz, bei einem Transformator mit einer Oberspannungsprimärwicklung in Spulenwicklung höher ist als bei einer in Lagenwicklung ausgeführten Oberspannungsprimärwicklung.It is also known from the prior art that with the same number of turns and with the same transmission ratio, the input impedance above a cutoff frequency, for example above 10 kilohertz, is higher in a transformer with a high-voltage primary winding in the coil winding than in a high-voltage primary winding configured in layer winding.

Aus der US 3,678,28 A ist ein Leistungstransformator bekannt, der einen zwischen Unterspannungswicklung und Oberspannungswicklung angeordneten Schirmzylinder aufweist.From the US 3,678.28 A For example, a power transformer is known which has a screen cylinder arranged between the low-voltage winding and the high-voltage winding.

Aus der WO 2006/103193 A3 ist ein Gießharztransformator bekannt, dessen Oberspannungswicklung nahezu vollständig von einer Abschirmung umgeben ist.From the WO 2006/103193 A3 a cast-resin transformer is known whose high-voltage winding is almost completely surrounded by a shield.

Aus der EP 0 466 642 A1 ist Transformator mit einer zwischen innerer Wicklung und Kern oder zwischen zwei Wicklungen angeordneten Abschirmung bekannt, die aus einer zwischen zwei Isolierfolien angeordneten streifenförmig metallisierten Folie besteht.From the EP 0 466 642 A1 Transformer is arranged with a arranged between inner winding and core or between two windings shield, which consists of a arranged between two insulating sheets strip-shaped metallized film.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen verbesserten Transformator mit einer Oberspannungsprimärwicklung und einer Unterspannungssekundärwicklung in Röhrenwicklungsanordnung anzugeben. Ferner liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Transformators anzugeben.The invention has for its object to provide an improved transformer with a high-voltage primary winding and a secondary subvoltage winding in tube winding assembly. Furthermore, the invention has for its object to provide a method for producing such a transformer.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß hinsichtlich des Transformators durch die im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale und hinsichtlich des Verfahrens durch die im Anspruch 11 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.The object is achieved according to the invention in terms of the transformer by the features specified in claim 1 and in terms of the method by the features specified in claim 11.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Bei einem Transformator mit einer Oberspannungsprimärwicklung und einer Unterspannungssekundärwicklung in Röhrenwicklungsanordnung ist ein Schirmzylinder konzentrisch zwischen der Oberspannungsprimärwicklung und der Unterspannungssekundärwicklung angeordnet und umfasst mindestens eine zur Zylindermantelfläche näherungsweise konzentrische elektrisch leitfähige Schirmungslage, die mit einem Erdkontakt des Transformators elektrisch verbunden ist.In a transformer having a high-voltage primary winding and a low-voltage secondary winding in a tube winding arrangement, a shield cylinder is concentrically disposed between the high-voltage primary winding and the low-voltage secondary winding and comprises at least one electrically peripheral shielding layer approximately concentric with the cylinder jacket surface and electrically connected to a ground contact of the transformer.

Die konzentrische Anordnung der Oberspannungsprimärwicklung und der Unterspannungssekundärwicklung bewirkt neben der induktiven Kopplung zwischen beiden Wicklungen die Ausbildung einer elektrischen Kapazität in der Art eines Zylinderkondensators. Die Eingangsimpedanz der Oberspannungsprimärwicklung wird somit grundsätzlich von der Wicklungsinduktivität, dem Ohmschen Leitungswiderstand und der Kapazität der Windungen beeinflusst.The concentric arrangement of the high-voltage primary winding and the undervoltage secondary winding causes, in addition to the inductive coupling between the two windings, the formation of an electrical capacitor in the manner of a cylindrical capacitor. The input impedance of the high-voltage primary winding is thus fundamentally influenced by the winding inductance, the ohmic line resistance and the capacitance of the windings.

Durch die Anordnung einer elektrisch leitfähigen, mit dem Erdkontakt des Transformators verbundenen Fläche zwischen der Oberspannungsprimärwicklung und der Unterspannungssekundärwicklung wird die Verteilung des elektrischen Feldes dazwischen verändert. Diese Veränderung des elektrischen Feldes bewirkt eine Verringerung der elektrischen Kapazität der Oberspannungsprimärwicklung.The arrangement of an electrically conductive surface connected between the high voltage primary winding and the low voltage secondary winding connected to the ground contact of the transformer interposes the distribution of the electric field therebetween changed. This change in the electric field causes a reduction in the electric capacity of the high-voltage primary winding.

Der Betrag des kapazitiven Anteils der Eingangsimpedanz der Oberspannungsprimärwicklung ist umgekehrt proportional zur Betriebsfrequenz des Transformators, während der Betrag des induktiven Anteils der Eingangsimpedanz proportional zur Betriebsfrequenz ist und der Betrag des Ohmschen Anteils der Eingangsimpedanz unabhängig von der Betriebsfrequenz ist.The magnitude of the capacitive portion of the input impedance of the high voltage primary winding is inversely proportional to the operating frequency of the transformer, while the magnitude of the inductive portion of the input impedance is proportional to the operating frequency and the magnitude of the ohmic portion of the input impedance is independent of the operating frequency.

Der von der Oberspannungsprimärwicklung aufgenommene Störstrom wird somit bei niedrigen Betriebsfrequenzen von der Induktivität und bei hohen Betriebsfrequenzen von der Kapazität der Oberspannungsprimärwicklung begrenzt.The noise current absorbed by the high-voltage primary winding is thus limited by the inductance at low operating frequencies and by the capacity of the high-voltage primary winding at high operating frequencies.

Durch die Verringerung der Kapazität wird somit insbesondere in hohen Bereichen der Betriebsfrequenz, beispielsweise bei einer Betriebsfrequenz von über 10 Kilohertz, der Betrag der Eingangsimpedanz vergrößert. Damit wird zugleich die kapazitiv übertragene elektrische Leistung verringert. Dies bewirkt eine Verringerung der abgestrahlten Störleistung.By reducing the capacitance, the amount of the input impedance is thus increased, in particular in high ranges of the operating frequency, for example at an operating frequency of more than 10 kilohertz. This also reduces the capacitively transmitted electrical power. This causes a reduction in the radiated interference power.

In der erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfasst die Schirmungslage mindestens ein ringförmig um die Zylinderachse angeordnetes Ringband aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material, mindestens ein in axialer Richtung ausgedehntes Längsband aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material und eine flexible, schlauchartig um die Gesamtheit dieser Bänder angeordnete Umhüllung aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material, wobei die Bänder untereinander und mit der Umhüllung elektrisch verbunden sind.In the embodiment according to the invention, the shielding layer comprises at least one annular band of electrically conductive material arranged annularly around the cylinder axis, at least one longitudinal band of electrically conductive material extended in the axial direction and a flexible envelope of electrically conductive material arranged in tubular fashion around the entirety of these bands. wherein the bands are electrically connected to each other and to the enclosure.

Mittels der konzentrischen Anordnung der Ringbänder und der senkrecht hierzu angeordneten Längsbänder, im Folgenden als Schirmungsgeflecht bezeichnet, wird eine besonders gute elektrische Abschirmung der Wicklungen voneinander in der Art eines Faradayschen Käfigs und somit eine besonders starke Erhöhung des kapazitiven Anteils der Impedanz erreicht. Damit wird eine besonders wirksame Verringerung der abgestrahlten Störleistung in hohen Frequenzbereichen bewirkt.By means of the concentric arrangement of the annular bands and the longitudinal strips disposed perpendicular thereto, hereinafter referred to as Schirmungsgeflecht, a particularly good electrical shielding of the windings from each other in the manner of a Faraday cage and thus a particularly strong increase reaches the capacitive component of the impedance. This causes a particularly effective reduction of the radiated interference power in high frequency ranges.

Aufgrund dieser durch die elektrisch verbundenen Ringbänder und Längsbänder bereits erreichten guten elektrischen Abschirmung kann zur vollflächigen Umhüllung des Schirmungsgeflechts auch ein Material mit einem schlechteren Stromleitungsverhalten verwendet werden. Ein flexibles Material, beispielsweise in der Art eines Leitpapiers oder eines Kupfergewebes, eignet sich hierfür besonders, da der Umformungs- und Anpassungsaufwand besonders gering ist.Due to this already achieved by the electrically connected annular bands and longitudinal strips good electrical shielding can also be a material with a poorer power conduction behavior can be used for full-surface sheathing of Schirmungsgeflechts. A flexible material, for example in the form of a guide paper or a copper fabric, is particularly suitable for this, since the conversion and adaptation costs are particularly low.

Die Umhüllung des Schirmungsgeflechts aus leitfähigem Material nimmt Teile des elektrischen Feldes auf, die in die Lücken zwischen den Ringbändern und Längsbändern eindringen. Da die Umhüllung mit den Ringbändern und Längsbändern elektrisch verbunden ist, ist der Stromfluss in der Umhüllung auf den Potenzialausgleich innerhalb einer solchen Lücke beschränkt. In vorteilhafter Weise kann daher auch ein Material mit höherem spezifischen Widerstand eingesetzt werden.The cladding of the conductive mesh shielding braids absorbs portions of the electric field which penetrate the gaps between the annular bands and the longitudinal bands. Since the enclosure is electrically connected to the annular bands and the longitudinal bands, the current flow in the enclosure is limited to the potential equalization within such a gap. Advantageously, therefore, a material with a higher resistivity can also be used.

In vorteilhafter Weise ist es durch eine Anordnung eines Schirmzylinders zwischen einer inneren und einer äußeren Wicklung bei einem Transformator in Lagenwicklungsanordnung somit möglich, Obergrenzen für die abgestrahlte Störleistung einzuhalten, die ohne diese Anordnung eines Schirmzylinders nur durch Verwendung einer Spulenwicklungsanordnung einzuhalten wären.Advantageously, by arranging a shielding cylinder between inner and outer windings in a transformer in layer winding arrangement, it is thus possible to comply with upper limits for the radiated disturbing power which would have to be met only by using a coil winding arrangement without this arrangement of a shielding cylinder.

Durch den Einsatz der Erfindung kann daher eine kostengünstigere Herstellungstechnik bei der Fertigung eines Transformators mit vorgegebenem Betriebsverhalten verwendet werden.The use of the invention therefore makes it possible to use a less expensive production technique in the manufacture of a transformer with a predetermined operating behavior.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung liegt die Oberspannungsprimärwicklung in radialer Richtung außen und ist als Lagenwicklung ausgeführt.In a further embodiment of the invention, the high-voltage primary winding lies in the radial direction on the outside and is designed as a layer winding.

Ferner ist die induktive Kopplung bei einer konzentrischen Anordnung der Unterspannungssekundärwicklung innerhalb der Oberspannungsprimärwicklung besonders groß, da hierbei ein besonders großer Anteil des von der Oberspannungsprimärwicklung erzeugten magnetischen Streuflusses die Unterspannungssekundärwicklung durchströmt.Furthermore, the inductive coupling is particularly large in a concentric arrangement of the secondary subvoltage winding within the high-voltage primary winding, since in this case a particularly large proportion of the magnetic leakage flux generated by the high-voltage primary winding flows through the undervoltage secondary winding.

In vorteilhafter Weise verringert daher die Anordnung eines Schirmzylinders zwischen einer in radialer Richtung innen liegenden Unterspannungssekundärwicklung und einer außen liegenden Oberspannungsprimärwicklung die Herstellungskosten für einen Transformator, da dies den Einsatz einer Lagenwicklungsanordnung für die Oberspannungsprimärwicklung erlaubt.Advantageously, therefore, the arrangement of a screen cylinder between a radially inferior subvoltage secondary winding and an external high voltage primary winding reduces the manufacturing cost of a transformer since this allows the use of a layer winding assembly for the high voltage primary winding.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Unterspannungssekundärwicklung als Traktionssekundärwicklung zur Versorgung einer elektrischen Antriebsmaschine eines Fahrzeugs ausgebildet, weist eine geringere Anzahl von Windungen als die Oberspannungsprimärwicklung auf und ist konzentrisch innerhalb des Schirmzylinders angeordnet.In a further embodiment of the invention, the undervoltage secondary winding is designed as a traction secondary winding for supplying an electric drive machine of a vehicle, has a smaller number of turns than the high-voltage primary winding and is arranged concentrically within the umbrella cylinder.

Die vom Fahrleitungsdraht gelieferte Oberspannung liegt abhängig vom Bahnstromsystem bei mehreren Kilovolt, beispielsweise bei 15 Kilovolt. Die zur Versorgung der Antriebsmaschine verwendete Traktionsspannung liegt im Bereich von mehreren Hundert Volt bis etwa 2 Kilovolt. Die Umwandlung der Oberspannung in die Traktionsspannung wird von einem als Traktionstransformator bezeichneten Transformator vorgenommen. Die Betreiber von Bahnsystemen geben frequenzabhängige Grenzwerte für die Störleistung vor, die von einem Traktionstransformator maximal abgestrahlt werden darf.The supplied from the catenary wire upper voltage is dependent on the traction current system at several kilovolts, for example at 15 kilovolts. The traction voltage used to power the prime mover is in the range of several hundred volts to about 2 kilovolts. The conversion of the upper voltage into the traction voltage is performed by a transformer called a transformer. The operators of railway systems specify frequency-dependent limits for the interference power, which may be radiated maximum by a traction transformer.

In vorteilhafter Weise ist bei einem Traktionstransformator die Oberspannungsprimärwicklung konzentrisch um die als Traktionssekundärwicklung bezeichnete Unterspannungssekundärwicklung angeordnet. Hierdurch wird ein besonders großer Anteil des von der Oberspannungsprimärwicklung erzeugten magnetischen Flusses durch die Traktionssekundärwicklung geleitet. Durch die konzentrische Anordnung eines Schirmzylinders zwischen der Traktionssekundärwicklung und der Oberspannungsprimärwicklung wird in der beschriebenen Weise die kapazitive Spannungsübertragung in die Oberspannungsprimärwicklung vermindert, und damit das Absinken der Impedanzwerte bei Frequenzen oberhalb einer Grenzfrequenz, beispielsweise oberhalb von 10 Kilohertz, verhindert oder vermindert, und damit die Leistung der abgestrahlten Störstrahlung insbesondere im Bereich hoher Frequenzen, beispielsweise oberhalb von 10 Kilohertz, verringert.Advantageously, in a traction transformer, the high-voltage primary winding is arranged concentrically around the lower-voltage secondary winding, referred to as traction secondary winding. As a result, a particularly large proportion of the magnetic flux generated by the high-voltage primary winding is passed through the traction secondary winding. The concentric arrangement of a screen cylinder between the traction secondary winding and the high-voltage primary winding in the manner described, the capacitive voltage transmission is reduced in the high-voltage primary winding, and thus the decrease of the impedance values at frequencies above a cutoff frequency, for example above 10 kilohertz, prevented or reduced, and thus the Power of the emitted interference radiation, especially in the range of high frequencies, for example, above 10 kilohertz, reduced.

Die dadurch ermöglichte Ausbildung der Oberspannungsprimärwicklung als Lagenwicklung bietet zum Einen einen Kostenvorteil gegenüber der aufwändigeren Spulenwicklung bei gleichzeitiger Einhaltung der Anforderungen hinsichtlich der abgestrahlten Störleistung.The thereby made possible training of the high-voltage primary winding as a layer winding on the one hand offers a cost advantage over the more complex coil winding while maintaining the requirements with regard to the radiated interference power.

Zum Anderen ermöglicht es die Erfindung in vorteilhafter Weise, den in Fahrzeugen oft beschränkten Bauraum für einen Traktionstransformator optimal auszunutzen, da auf weitere Maßnahmen zur Änderung des Impedanzverlaufs, beispielsweise durch Änderung der Abmessungen oder der Geometrie des Traktionstransformators, verzichtet werden kann.On the other hand, the invention advantageously makes it possible to optimally utilize the installation space, which is often limited in vehicles, for a traction transformer, since further measures for changing the impedance curve, for example by changing the dimensions or geometry of the traction transformer, can be dispensed with.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, dass Traktionstransformatoren, welche bislang Vorgaben eines Bahnsystembetreibers hinsichtlich der abgestrahlten Störleistung verletzt haben, durch das erfindungsgemäße Einfügen eines Schirmzylinders so modifiziert werden, dass die Einhaltung dieser Vorgaben erreicht wird.A further advantage of the invention is that traction transformers, which hitherto have violated specifications of a railway system operator with regard to the radiated interference power, are modified by the insertion of an umbrella cylinder according to the invention in such a way that compliance with these specifications is achieved.

Damit werden zusätzliche Anpassungskosten vermieden und das Entwicklungsrisiko und die Entwicklungszeit für einen solchen Traktionstransformator können gesenkt werden.This avoids additional adjustment costs and can reduce development risk and development time for such a traction transformer.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfasst der Schirmzylinder einen in einer radialen Richtung innen liegenden inneren Isolationszylinder aus elektrisch isolierendem Material und einen in radialer Richtung außen liegenden äußeren Isolationszylinder aus elektrisch isolierendem Material, wobei die elektrisch leitfähige Schirmungslage konzentrisch zwischen dem inneren Isolationszylinder und dem äußeren Isolationszylinder angeordnet ist.In a further embodiment of the invention, the umbrella cylinder comprises an inner one in a radial direction inner insulating cylinder made of electrically insulating material and a radially outer outer insulating cylinder made of electrically insulating material, wherein the electrically conductive shielding layer is arranged concentrically between the inner insulating cylinder and the outer insulating cylinder.

In besonders vorteilhafter Weise werden durch diese Ausführungsform die Oberspannungsprimärwicklung, die Unterspannungssekundärwicklung sowie die elektrisch leitfähige Schirmungslage jeweils voneinander elektrisch isoliert.In a particularly advantageous manner, the high-voltage primary winding, the secondary secondary voltage winding and the electrically conductive shielding layer are each electrically insulated from one another by this embodiment.

Bei einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist/sind das mindestens eine Ringband und/oder das mindestens eine Längsband aus Kupfer gefertigt.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the at least one ring band and / or the at least one longitudinal band is / are made of copper.

Da Kupfer einen geringen spezifischen Widerstand aufweist, ist es in besonderem Maß geeignet, elektrischen Strom aus einem größeren Oberflächenbereich der Umhüllung des Schirmungsgeflechts abzuführen. In vorteilhafter Weise können daher die Abstände zwischen den Ringbändern größer gewählt werden, als dies bei einem Material mit größerem spezifischen Widerstand möglich gewesen wäre.Since copper has a low specific resistance, it is particularly suitable to dissipate electrical current from a larger surface area of the sheath of the shielding braid. Advantageously, therefore, the distances between the annular bands can be made larger than would have been possible with a material having a higher resistivity.

Ein weiterer Vorteil bei der Verwendung von Kupfer ist dessen vergleichsweise sehr geringe magnetische Permeabilität. Dadurch wird die Ausbreitung des Magnetflusses von der Oberspannungswicklung in die Traktionssekundärwicklung nicht oder nur minimal beeinträchtigt.Another advantage of using copper is its comparatively very low magnetic permeability. As a result, the propagation of the magnetic flux from the high-voltage winding in the traction secondary winding is not or only minimally affected.

Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist zwischen dem inneren Isolationszylinder und dem Schirmungsgeflecht wenigstens eine erste Lage Isolationspapier angeordnet.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one first layer of insulation paper is arranged between the inner insulation cylinder and the shielding braid.

In vorteilhafter Weise wird durch das Aufbringen von Isolationspapier der innere Isolationszylinder vor einer mechanischen Beschädigung beim Aufbringen der Ringbänder geschützt. Dies vermindert zusätzlich das Risiko eines zu geringen Isolationswiderstands zwischen der Schirmungslage des Schirmzylinders und der Traktionssekundärwicklung.Advantageously, the inner insulating cylinder is protected from mechanical damage during the application of the annular bands by the application of insulating paper. This additionally reduces the risk of a too low insulation resistance between the Schirmungslage the umbrella cylinder and the traction secondary winding.

Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist zwischen dem äußeren Isolationszylinder und der Umhüllung des Schirmungsgeflechts wenigstens eine zweite Lage Isolationspapier angeordnet.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one second layer of insulating paper is arranged between the outer insulation cylinder and the sheath of the shielding braid.

Analog zur Wirkung der ersten Lage Isolationspapier bewirkt die zweite Lage Isolationspapier einen Schutz des äußeren Isolationszylinders vor mechanischer Beschädigung durch die Umhüllung aus flexiblem elektrischem Material und die darunter liegenden Ringbänder und Längsbänder.Analogous to the effect of the first layer of insulating paper, the second layer of insulating paper effects protection of the outer insulating cylinder from mechanical damage by the envelope of flexible electrical material and the underlying annular bands and longitudinal strips.

Bei einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Umhüllung des Schirmungsgeflechts als elektrisch leitfähiges Leitpapier oder als ein Kupfergewebe ausgebildet.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the sheathing of the shielding braid is formed as an electrically conductive guide paper or as a copper mesh.

Die Montage des Transformators wird durch die Verwendung eines flexiblen elektrisch leitfähigen Materials besonders erleichtert, da damit zum Einen Toleranzschwankungen im Durchmesser der darunter liegenden Traktionssekundärwicklung ausgeglichen werden können. Zum Anderen ist es mit flexiblem Material möglich, eine geschlossene elektrisch leitfähige Umhüllung des Schirmungsgeflechts durch Umwickeln eines Schenkels eines Transformatorkerns mit geschlossenem Joch herzustellen.The installation of the transformer is particularly facilitated by the use of a flexible electrically conductive material, since this can be compensated for one tolerance variations in the diameter of the underlying traction secondary winding. On the other hand, it is possible with flexible material to produce a closed electrically conductive sheath of the shielding braid by wrapping a leg of a transformer core with a closed yoke.

Leitpapier und Kupfergewebe eignen sich zur Umhüllung in besonderem Maß, da sie eine hohe elektrische Leitfähigkeit und eine geringe magnetische Permeabilität aufweisen. Ein besonderer Vorteil bei der Verwendung von Kupfergewebe ist ferner dessen mechanische Stabilität und Robustheit gegen ein Zerreißen und ein Zerbrechen beispielsweise an Knickstellen.Guide paper and copper mesh are particularly suitable for cladding, as they have a high electrical conductivity and a low magnetic permeability. A particular advantage of using copper mesh is its mechanical stability and robustness against tearing and breaking, for example at kinks.

Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist zwischen dem Schirmzylinder und mindestens einer der Wicklungen eine Wärmeleitvorrichtung angeordnet.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a heat-conducting device is arranged between the umbrella cylinder and at least one of the windings.

Durch den Ohmschen Widerstand des Wicklungsdrahts entsteht im Inneren einer Wicklung Wärme. In vorteilhafter Weise wird diese Wärme mittels Wärmeleitvorrichtungen zum Gehäuse des Transformators transportiert. Dies erlaubt einerseits einen Betrieb des Transformators mit einer höheren Übertragungsleistung und ermöglicht andererseits die Verwendung von Wicklungsdraht mit geringerem Querschnitt und verbessert somit insgesamt die Effizienz eines Transformators.The ohmic resistance of the winding wire creates heat inside a winding. Advantageously, this heat is transported by means of heat conducting devices to the housing of the transformer. This allows, on the one hand, an operation of the transformer with a higher transmission power and, on the other hand, allows the use of winding wire with a smaller cross-section and thus improves the overall efficiency of a transformer.

Bei einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist eine Wärmeleitvorrichtung wenigstens einen Ölkanal zum Transport von Transformatorenöl auf.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, a heat-conducting device has at least one oil channel for transporting transformer oil.

Bei einer Füllung des Transformators mit Transformatoröl sind die Wicklungen vollständig vom Transformatoröl umschlossen. Dies erlaubt eine gute Wärmeabgabe vom Wicklungsdraht an das umgebende Transformatoröl. Dieses wiederum kann die Wärme an das Transformatorengehäuse und/oder an Kühlvorrichtungen, beispielsweise in der Art eines lüftergekühlten Wärmetauschers, abgeben.When the transformer is filled with transformer oil, the windings are completely enclosed by the transformer oil. This allows a good heat transfer from the winding wire to the surrounding transformer oil. This in turn can deliver the heat to the transformer housing and / or to cooling devices, for example in the manner of a fan-cooled heat exchanger.

Für die Ableitung von Wärme aus inneren Wicklungsbereichen ist es vorteilhaft, Vorrichtungen zum Transport von Transformatoröl von und nach diesen inneren Wicklungsbereichen vorzusehen. Ein Ölkanal erlaubt eine verbesserte Zirkulation des Transformatoröls zwischen den inneren Wicklungsbereichen und Ölreservoirs, welche in direktem Kontakt zum Transformatorgehäuse und/oder zur Kühlvorrichtungen stehen. Durch die Anordnung eines Ölkanals zwischen einem Isolationszylinder und einer Wicklung wird eine Unterbrechung des Ölflusses durch den Isolationszylinder vermieden. In vorteilhafter Weise kann sich dadurch erwärmtes Transformatoröl aus dem vom Schirmzylinder eingeschlossenen Bereich leicht in einen äußeren, gekühlten Bereich ausbreiten.For the dissipation of heat from inner winding regions, it is advantageous to provide devices for transporting transformer oil from and to these inner winding regions. An oil passage allows for improved circulation of the transformer oil between the inner winding regions and oil reservoirs, which are in direct contact with the transformer housing and / or the cooling devices. By arranging an oil passage between an insulating cylinder and a winding, an interruption of the oil flow through the insulating cylinder is avoided. Advantageously, heated transformer oil may thereby easily spread out of the shield cylinder enclosed area into an outer, cooled area.

Bei einem Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Transformators wird/werden erfindungsgemäß

  • um eine Traktionssekundärwicklung ein erster Ölkanal angeordnet,
  • um den ersten Ölkanal ein innerer Isolationszylinder angeordnet,
  • auf den inneren Isolationszylinder wenigstens eine erste Lage Isolationspapier gewickelt,
  • Ringbänder in festgelegten Abständen zueinander um die wenigstens eine erste Lage Isolationspapier angeordnet,
  • die Ringbänder durch mindestens ein Längsband elektrisch leitfähig miteinander zu einem Schirmungsgeflecht verbunden,
  • um dieses Schirmungsgeflecht eine Umhüllung aus flexiblem elektrisch leitfähigem Material gewickelt,
  • um die Umhüllung wenigstens eine zweite Lage Isolationspapier gewickelt,
  • ein äußerer Isolationszylinder um die wenigstens eine zweite Lage Isolationspapier herum angeordnet,
  • um den äußeren Isolationszylinder ein zweiter Ölkanal angeordnet,
  • eine Oberspannungsprimärwicklung auf den zweiten Ölkanal in einer Lagenwicklungsanordnung gewickelt und
  • die Bänder mit einem Erdkontakt des Transformators elektrisch verbunden.
In a method for producing a transformer is / are according to the invention
  • arranged around a traction secondary winding a first oil channel
  • an inner insulating cylinder is arranged around the first oil channel,
  • at least a first layer of insulation paper wound on the inner insulation cylinder,
  • Ring bands at fixed intervals to each other arranged around the at least one first layer insulation paper,
  • the ring bands are electrically conductively connected together by at least one longitudinal band to form a shielding braid,
  • wrapped around this shield braid a sheath of flexible electrically conductive material,
  • wrapped at least one second layer of insulating paper around the wrapping,
  • an outer insulation cylinder is arranged around the at least one second layer of insulating paper,
  • a second oil channel is arranged around the outer insulation cylinder,
  • a high-voltage primary winding wound on the second oil passage in a sheet winding assembly and
  • the bands are electrically connected to a ground contact of the transformer.

Es ist ein Vorteil dieses Verfahrens, dass die Herstellung eines Transformators mit den oben beschriebenen vorteilhaften Eigenschaften in einer entlang einer radialen Richtung von innen nach außen fortschreitenden Reihenfolge erfolgt.It is an advantage of this method that the production of a transformer having the above-described advantageous characteristics is performed in an order progressing along a radial direction from the inside to the outside.

In vorteilhafter Weise können somit aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Herstellungsverfahren für Transformatoren verwendet werden.Advantageously, therefore, known from the prior art manufacturing methods for transformers can be used.

Ein besonderer Vorteil dieses Verfahrens ist die Ausführung der Oberspannungsprimärwicklung in einer Lagenwicklungsanordnung, die im Vergleich zu einer anderen Wicklungsanordnung, beispielsweise zu einer Spulenwicklungsanordnung, einfacher herzustellen ist. Beispielsweise ist die Herstellung einer Oberspannungsprimärwicklung eines Traktionstransformators in Lagenwicklungsanordnung durch einen einzelnen Bearbeiter möglich, während zur Herstellung in Spulenwicklungsanordnung oft zwei Bearbeiter benötigt werden.A particular advantage of this method is the execution of the high-voltage primary winding in a layer winding arrangement, which is easier to produce compared to another winding arrangement, for example to a coil winding arrangement. For example, the fabrication of a high voltage primary winding of a traction transformer in sheet winding assembly by a single operator is possible while often requiring two processors for fabrication in coil winding assembly.

Die oben beschriebenen Eigenschaften, Merkmale und Vorteile dieser Erfindung sowie die Art und Weise, wie diese erreicht werden, werden klarer und deutlicher verständlich im Zusammenhang mit der folgenden Beschreibung der Ausführungsbeispiele, die im Zusammenhang mit den Zeichnungen näher erläutert werden.The above-described characteristics, features, and advantages of this invention, as well as the manner in which they will be achieved, will become clearer and more clearly understood in connection with the following description of the embodiments, which will be described in detail in conjunction with the drawings.

Dabei zeigen:

FIG 1
schematisch den frequenzabhängigen Verlauf der Impedanz ohne Schirmzylinder aus dem Stand der Technik,
FIG 2
schematisch einen Schnitt in axialer Richtung durch eine Röhrenwicklungsanordnung mit Schirmzylinder,
FIG 3
schematisch einen Schnitt in radialer Richtung durch eine Röhrenwicklungsanordnung mit Schirmzylinder,
FIG 4
schematisch den Aufbau einer Schirmungslage und
FIG 5
schematisch den frequenzabhängigen Verlauf der Impedanz mit Schirmzylinder.
Showing:
FIG. 1
schematically shows the frequency-dependent course of the impedance without shield cylinder from the prior art,
FIG. 2
schematically a section in the axial direction through a tube winding assembly with umbrella cylinder,
FIG. 3
schematically a section in the radial direction through a tube winding assembly with umbrella cylinder,
FIG. 4
schematically the structure of a Schirmungslage and
FIG. 5
schematically shows the frequency-dependent course of the impedance with umbrella cylinder.

Einander entsprechende Teile sind in allen Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Corresponding parts are provided in all figures with the same reference numerals.

Figur 1 zeigt schematisch den Verlauf der Eingangsimpedanz eines Traktionstransformators entlang einer Impedanzachse Z über der Frequenz entlang einer Frequenzachse f aus dem Stand der Technik in doppelt logarithmischer Darstellung. FIG. 1 schematically shows the profile of the input impedance of a traction transformer along an impedance axis Z over the frequency along a frequency axis f of the prior art in a double logarithmic representation.

Damit die Betriebssicherheit elektrischer Bahnanlagen gewährleistet ist, muss eine elektrisch angetriebene Lokomotive für die Zulassung zum Betrieb festgelegte Grenzwerte für die elektromagnetische Störstrahlung einhalten. Für Traktionstransformatoren besteht deshalb die Forderung, den Störstrom zu begrenzen. Der Soll-Impedanzverlauf 1 gibt die hierzu minimal erforderliche Impedanz in einem kritischen Frequenzbereich, beispielsweise zwischen 100 Hertz und 150 Kilohertz, an.In order to ensure the operational reliability of electric railway systems, an electrically driven locomotive must comply with the specified limits for the electromagnetic interference radiation for approval for operation. For traction transformers therefore there is a requirement to limit the interference current. The nominal impedance curve 1 indicates the minimum required impedance in a critical frequency range, for example between 100 hertz and 150 kilohertz.

Aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Traktionstransformatoren mit Lagenwicklung weisen einen Impedanzverlauf 2.1 ohne Schirmzylinder auf, der typischerweise in einem oberen Frequenzbereich, beispielsweise oberhalb von 10 Kilohertz, den Soll-Impedanzverlauf 1 unterschreitet.Traction transformers with layer winding known from the prior art have an impedance curve 2.1 without shielding cylinder, which typically falls below the nominal impedance curve 1 in an upper frequency range, for example above 10 kilohertz.

Diese verringerte Impedanz wird bei hohen Frequenzen durch den kapazitiven Anteil der Impedanz bewirkt, der bekanntlich betragsmäßig umgekehrt proportional zur Frequenz ist. Dadurch wird eine Störstrahlung verursacht, die punktuell oder über Frequenzbereiche hinweg über dem zugelassenen Grenzwert liegt.This reduced impedance is caused at high frequencies by the capacitive component of the impedance, which is known to be inversely proportional to the frequency in magnitude. This causes an interference radiation that is above the permitted limit pointwise or over frequency ranges.

Die Figuren 2 und 3 zeigen schematisch Schnittdarstellungen eines Ausführungsbeispiels für die koaxiale Anordnung eines Schirmzylinders 6 zwischen einer Traktionssekundärwicklung 3 und einer Oberspannungsprimärwicklung 4 eines Transformators T. Beide Wicklungen 3, 4 sind zueinander und zu einem magnetisch leitfähigen Kern 5 ebenfalls konzentrisch angeordnet. Figur 2 zeigt einen Schnitt in axialer Richtung durch eine Röhrenwicklungsanordnung mit Schirmzylinder 6, Figur 3 zeigt einen Schnitt in radialer Richtung R.The FIGS. 2 and 3 show schematically sectional views of an embodiment for the coaxial arrangement of a screen cylinder 6 between a traction secondary winding 3 and a high-voltage primary winding 4 of a transformer T. Both windings 3, 4 are also arranged concentrically to each other and to a magnetically conductive core 5. FIG. 2 shows a section in the axial direction through a tube winding assembly with umbrella cylinder 6, FIG. 3 shows a section in the radial direction R.

Der Schirmzylinder 6 umfasst einen in einer radialen Richtung R inneren Isolationszylinder 6.1 und einen in einer radialen Richtung R äußeren Isolationszylinder 6.2 sowie eine zwischen den Isolationszylindern 6.1, 6.2 angeordnete elektrisch leitfähige Schirmungslage 6.3.The umbrella cylinder 6 comprises an insulating cylinder 6.1 which is internal in a radial direction R and an insulation cylinder 6.2 which is external in a radial direction R and an electrically conductive shielding layer 6.3 arranged between the insulation cylinders 6.1, 6.2.

In weiteren Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ist es möglich, zwischen dem Schirmzylinder 6 und mindestens einer Wicklung 3, 4 Kühlvorrichtungen anzuordnen, beispielsweise Ölkanäle zum Transport von Transformatorenöl.In further embodiments of the invention, it is possible to arrange cooling devices between the umbrella cylinder 6 and at least one winding 3, 4, for example oil passages for transporting transformer oil.

Die elektrisch leitfähige Schirmungslage 6.3 umfasst mehrere konzentrisch zum Kern 5, der Traktionssekundärwicklung 3 sowie dem inneren Isolationszylinder 6.1 angeordnete Ringbänder 6.3.1 aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material. Diese Ringbänder 6.3.1 sind entlang einer axialen Richtung A in näherungsweise gleichen Abständen angeordnet und mit mindestens einem Längsband 6.3.2 aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material untereinander elektrisch verbunden.The electrically conductive Schirmungslage 6.3 comprises a plurality of concentric to the core 5, the traction secondary winding 3 and the inner insulation cylinder 6.1 arranged annular bands 6.3.1 of electrically conductive material. These annular bands 6.3.1 are arranged along an axial direction A at approximately equal intervals and are electrically connected to one another with at least one longitudinal band 6.3.2 of electrically conductive material.

Um das Geflecht aus Ringbändern 6.3.1 und mindestens einem Längsband 6.3.2 ist eine nicht dargestellte Umhüllung aus flexiblem elektrisch leitfähigem Material angeordnet. Diese Umhüllung kann beispielsweise als elektrisch leitfähiges Leitpapier oder als ein Kupfergewebe ausgebildet sein.To the braid of ring bands 6.3.1 and at least one longitudinal band 6.3.2 a sheath, not shown, made of flexible electrically conductive material is arranged. This enclosure may be formed, for example, as an electrically conductive paper or as a copper mesh.

Figur 4 zeigt schematisch weitere Details der Schirmungslage 6.3. Der hier nicht dargestellte innere Isolationszylinder 6.1 umschließt die Traktionssekundärwicklung 3. Er kann ferner optional einen Ölkanal umschließen. Um diesen inneren Isolationszylinder 6.1 sind mehrere Lagen Isolationspapier gewickelt. Auf der in radialer Richtung R äußersten Lage des Isolationspapiers sind die Ringbänder 6.3.1 angeordnet und mit Klebestreifen 6.3.3 fixiert. Auf den Ringbändern 6.3.1 ist mindestens ein in axialer Richtung A ausgedehntes Längsband 6.3.2 angeordnet, mit Klebestreifen 6.3.3 fixiert und mit den Ringbändern 6.3.1 elektrisch verbunden. In radialer Richtung R ist über den Ringbändern 6.3.1 und dem mindestens einen Längsband 6.3.2 die Umhüllung aus flexiblem elektrisch leitfähigem Material angeordnet. In axialer Richtung A erstreckt sich die Schirmungslage 6.3 über die gesamte Länge der Wicklungen 3, 4. FIG. 4 schematically shows further details of the Schirmungslage 6.3. The inner insulation cylinder 6.1, not shown here, encloses the traction secondary winding 3. It can also optionally enclose an oil channel. To this inner insulation cylinder 6.1 several layers of insulation paper are wound. On the outermost in the radial direction R layer of insulation paper, the annular bands 6.3.1 are arranged and fixed with adhesive tape 6.3.3. At least one longitudinal band 6.3.2 extended in the axial direction A is arranged on the annular bands 6.3.1, fixed with adhesive strips 6.3.3 and electrically connected to the annular bands 6.3.1. In the radial direction R is above the annular bands 6.3.1 and at least a longitudinal band 6.3.2 arranged the envelope of flexible electrically conductive material. In the axial direction A, the shielding layer 6.3 extends over the entire length of the windings 3, 4.

Mindestens ein Längsband 6.3.2 wird mittels eines Kabelschuhs 6.3.4 mit dem Erdkontakt des Transformators T verbunden.At least one longitudinal belt 6.3.2 is connected by means of a cable lug 6.3.4 with the ground contact of the transformer T.

In der Gesamtheit wirken die Bänder 6.3.1, 6.3.2 und die Umhüllung aus flexiblem elektrisch leitfähigem Material als Faradayscher Käfig, der näherungsweise eine Äquipotenzialfläche mit dem elektrischen Potenzial des Erdkontakts darstellt. Dadurch wird die Ausbreitung des elektrischen Feldes zwischen der inneren Traktionssekundärwicklung 3 und der äußeren Oberspannungsprimärwicklung 4 verhindert oder stark gemindert. Damit sinkt die kapazitive Kopplung zwischen der Oberspannungsprimärwicklung und der Traktionssekundärwicklung. Dies bewirkt in vorteilhafter Weise eine Verringerung des Störstroms und somit eine verringerte Leistung der Störstrahlung vorzugsweise im oberen, vom kapazitiven Impedanzanteil bestimmten Frequenzbereich.As a whole, bands 6.3.1, 6.3.2 and the sheath of flexible electrically conductive material act as a Faraday cage, approximately representing an equipotential surface with the ground potential of the earth. Thereby, the propagation of the electric field between the inner traction secondary winding 3 and the outer high-voltage primary winding 4 is prevented or greatly reduced. This reduces the capacitive coupling between the high-voltage primary winding and the traction secondary winding. This advantageously brings about a reduction in the interference current and thus a reduced power of the interference radiation, preferably in the upper frequency range determined by the capacitive impedance component.

Figur 5 zeigt schematisch den Impedanzverlauf 2.2 eines Transformators T beim Einsatz eines Schirmzylinders 6. Durch die verringerte Kapazität sind die Impedanzeinbrüche bei hohen Frequenzen, beispielsweise oberhalb von 10 Kilohertz, verringert. Der Impedanzverlauf 2.2 mit Schirmzylinder liegt somit im gesamten spezifizierten Frequenzbereich über den Werten, die durch den Soll-Impedanzverlauf 1 vorgegeben sind. Damit ist sichergestellt, dass die festgelegten Obergrenzen für die abgestrahlte Störleistung durch den Transformator T mit Schirmzylinder 6 eingehalten werden. FIG. 5 shows schematically the impedance curve 2.2 of a transformer T when using a screen cylinder 6. Due to the reduced capacity, the impedance drops at high frequencies, for example, above 10 kilohertz, reduced. The impedance curve 2.2 with umbrella cylinder thus lies in the entire specified frequency range above the values which are predetermined by the desired impedance curve 1. This ensures that the specified upper limits for the radiated interference power are maintained by the transformer T with umbrella cylinder 6.

Obwohl die Erfindung im Detail durch ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel näher illustriert und beschrieben wurde, so ist die Erfindung nicht durch die offenbarten Beispiele eingeschränkt und andere Variationen können vom Fachmann hieraus abgeleitet werden, ohne den Schutzumfang der Erfindung zu verlassen.Although the invention has been illustrated and described in detail by way of a preferred embodiment, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples and other variations can be made by those skilled in the art can be derived without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (11)

  1. Transformer (T) comprising a high-voltage primary winding (4) and a low-voltage secondary winding in a tubular winding arrangement and also a shielding cylinder (6) which is arranged concentrically therebetween, wherein
    - the shielding cylinder (6) comprises at least one electrically conductive shielding layer (6.3) which is approximately concentric with respect to the cylinder casing surface, and the shielding layer comprises at least one annular strip (6.3.1) which is arranged in the form of a ring around the cylinder axis and is composed of an electrically conductive material, and the shielding layer (6.3) is electrically connected to an earth contact of the transformer (T), characterized in that the shielding layer (6.3) comprises
    - at least one longitudinal strip (6.3.2) which is extended in the axial direction (A) and is composed of electrically conductive material, and
    - a flexible sheathing which is arranged in a hose-like manner around a shielding mesh comprising these strips (6.3.1, 6.3.2) and is composed of electrically conductive material, which longitudinal strip and sheathing are electrically connected to one another.
  2. Transformer (T) according to Claim 1, wherein the high-voltage primary winding (4) is situated on the outside in the radial direction (R) and is designed as a layer winding.
    Frei verwendbar
  3. Transformer (T) according to Claim 2, wherein
    - the low-voltage secondary winding is in the form of a traction secondary winding (3) for supplying an electrical drive machine of a vehicle and has a lower number of turns than the high-voltage primary winding (4), and
    - this traction secondary winding (3) is arranged concentrically within the shielding cylinder (6).
  4. Transformer (T) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the shielding cylinder (6) comprises
    - an inner insulating cylinder (6.1) which is situated on the inside in a radial direction (R) and is composed of electrically insulating material, and
    - an outer insulating cylinder (6.2) which is situated on the outside in the radial direction (R) and is composed of electrically insulating material,
    and wherein the electrically conductive shielding layer (6.3) is arranged concentrically between the inner insulating cylinder (6.1) and the outer insulating cylinder (6.2).
  5. Transformer (T) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein the at least one annular strip (6.3.1) and/or the at least one longitudinal strip (6.3.2) are manufactured from copper.
  6. Transformer (T) according to one of Claims 1 to 5, wherein at least one first layer of insulating paper is arranged between the inner insulating cylinder (6.1) and the shielding mesh.
  7. Transformer (T) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, wherein at least one second layer of insulating paper is arranged between the outer insulating cylinder (6.2) and the sheathing of the shielding mesh composed of the strips (6.3.1, 6.3.2).
  8. Transformer (T) according to one of Claims 1 to 7, wherein the sheathing of the shielding mesh composed of the strips (6.3.1, 6.3.2) is in the form of an electrically conductive paper or in the form of a woven copper fabric.
  9. Transformer (T) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one thermally conductive apparatus is arranged between the shielding cylinder (6) and at least one of the windings (3, 4).
  10. Transformer (T) according to Claim 9, wherein at least one thermally conductive apparatus has at least one oil channel for transporting transformer oil.
  11. Method for producing a transformer (T), wherein
    - a first oil channel is arranged around a traction secondary winding (3),
    - an inner insulating cylinder (6.1) is arranged around the first oil channel,
    - at least one first layer of insulating paper is wound onto the inner insulating cylinder (6.1),
    - annular strips (6.3.1) are arranged at defined distances from one another around the at least one first layer of insulating paper,
    - the annular strips (6.3.1) are electrically conductively connected to one another to form a shielding mesh by at least one longitudinal strip (6.3.2),
    - a sheathing composed of flexible electrically conductive material is wound around this shielding mesh and electrically conductively connected thereto,
    - at least one second layer of insulating paper is wound around the sheathing,
    - an outer insulating cylinder (6.2) is arranged around the at least one second layer of insulating paper,
    - a second oil channel is arranged around the outer insulating cylinder (6.2),
    - a high-voltage primary winding (4) is wound onto the second oil channel in a layer winding arrangement, and
    - the strips (6.3.1, 6.3.2) are electrically connected to an earth contact of the transformer (T).
EP12161388.9A 2012-03-27 2012-03-27 Transformer and method for manufacturing a transformer Active EP2645384B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL12161388T PL2645384T3 (en) 2012-03-27 2012-03-27 Transformer and method for manufacturing a transformer
EP12161388.9A EP2645384B1 (en) 2012-03-27 2012-03-27 Transformer and method for manufacturing a transformer
PCT/EP2013/055247 WO2013143865A1 (en) 2012-03-27 2013-03-14 Transformer and method for producing a transformer
CN201380015198.4A CN104170035B (en) 2012-03-27 2013-03-14 Transformer and for manufacturing the method for transformer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12161388.9A EP2645384B1 (en) 2012-03-27 2012-03-27 Transformer and method for manufacturing a transformer

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EP2645384A1 EP2645384A1 (en) 2013-10-02
EP2645384B1 true EP2645384B1 (en) 2018-11-14

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CN (1) CN104170035B (en)
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WO (1) WO2013143865A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103996507B (en) * 2014-05-26 2016-02-24 中国铁路总公司 Volume iron core traction transformer
CN104916413B (en) * 2015-06-05 2017-10-17 卧龙电气集团股份有限公司 A kind of AT powers 330kV tractive transformer lead capacitive shielding constructions
CN105097253A (en) * 2015-09-16 2015-11-25 浙江江山变压器股份有限公司 Isolation transformer for suppressing power interference in local discharging test of oil immersed transformer
CN107978441A (en) * 2017-11-11 2018-05-01 河南森源电气股份有限公司 GIS current transformers and its shielding cylinder
US11527934B2 (en) 2018-03-13 2022-12-13 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg Electrical machine with voltage detection circuit
AT522601A1 (en) * 2019-05-13 2020-12-15 Omicron Electronics Gmbh High-voltage transformer, method for manufacturing a high-voltage transformer, and test system and test signal device with a high-voltage transformer
WO2024104618A1 (en) * 2022-11-14 2024-05-23 Siemens Mobility GmbH Transformer shielding with resonance-damping ground connection

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US3678428A (en) * 1971-05-17 1972-07-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp Interwinding shield for power transformers
US4176334A (en) * 1975-08-25 1979-11-27 Hughes Aircraft Company High voltage transformer and process for making same
ATE104800T1 (en) * 1990-07-10 1994-05-15 Weidmann H Ag SHIELD FOR AN ELECTRICAL DEVICE.
CN2416585Y (en) * 2000-03-15 2001-01-24 顺德特种变压器厂 Outdoor dry transformer on column
DE102005015785A1 (en) * 2005-04-01 2006-11-16 Siemens Ag Transformer with electrical shielding

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PL2645384T3 (en) 2019-05-31
EP2645384A1 (en) 2013-10-02
WO2013143865A1 (en) 2013-10-03
CN104170035B (en) 2016-11-02
CN104170035A (en) 2014-11-26

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