EP2643839B1 - Weichmagnetisches metallband für elektromechanische bauelemente - Google Patents

Weichmagnetisches metallband für elektromechanische bauelemente Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2643839B1
EP2643839B1 EP11799328.7A EP11799328A EP2643839B1 EP 2643839 B1 EP2643839 B1 EP 2643839B1 EP 11799328 A EP11799328 A EP 11799328A EP 2643839 B1 EP2643839 B1 EP 2643839B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal strip
strip
soft magnetic
roughness
alloy
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Active
Application number
EP11799328.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2643839A1 (de
Inventor
Giselher Herzer
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Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
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Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
    • H01F1/15308—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals based on Fe/Ni
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
    • H01F1/15333—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals containing nanocrystallites, e.g. obtained by annealing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
    • H01F41/0213—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits made from strip(s) or ribbon(s)
    • H01F41/0226—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits made from strip(s) or ribbon(s) from amorphous ribbons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/02—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by earth fault currents

Definitions

  • the application relates to a soft magnetic metal strip for electromechanical components, in particular AC residual current switch.
  • the EP 2 015 321 A1 discloses a magnetic core for a current transformer composed of an amorphous alloy, the composition being represented by the general formula Fe 100-xz Ni x X ' z , where X' is composed of Si and B.
  • a method for manufacturing a magnetic core for soft magnetic alloy AC fault current circuit breaker is disclosed in U.S.P. US 5,922,143 disclosed.
  • An amorphous band of an iron-based alloy is produced by a rapid solidification technology, wound into a magnetic core and then heat-treated to produce a nanocrystalline structure.
  • This magnetic core is less affected by mechanical stresses so that the desired permeability value is more reliably achieved.
  • the object of the application is to provide a soft magnetic metal strip for electromechanical components, which is particularly suitable for applications at 50 Hz, such as AC fault current switches, which can be produced reproducibly.
  • a soft magnetic metal strip is created for electromechanical components.
  • the soft magnetic metal strip has a nanocrystalline or an amorphous structure and ratios of strip thickness to roughness d / Ra of ⁇ 5 d / Ra ⁇ 25, where Ra is the center roughness value.
  • the metal band has a fish scale pattern with a structure arranged transversely and obliquely to the band longitudinal direction.
  • Magnetization properties of this soft magnetic metal strip are dependent on a strip thickness d and a roughness Ra.
  • a ratio of belt thickness to roughness d / Ra of ⁇ 5 d / Ra ⁇ 25 enables the improvement of the permeability in AC applications as well as the reliable generation of this improved permeability.
  • the roughness Ra of this ratio is the measured roughness of the underside of the soft magnetic metal strip, the lower surface being the side of the soft magnetic metal strip which lies on a casting wheel during the solidification of a melt.
  • This soft magnetic metal strip has the advantage that electromechanical components with short response times such as fault current switch or speed sensors can be realized with a toroidal core, which can trigger a switching operation at low coercive force of a few 10 milliamps per centimeter or signal the Vorbeidrenhen a permanent magnet to speed measurements instead to enable Hall generators.
  • the soft magnetic metal strip has a nanocrystalline or amorphous structure.
  • the soft magnetic metal strip is characterized by a nearly rectangular hysteresis loop and low eddy current losses, both of which can be used for fast-reacting electromechanical devices such as fault current switches used at 50 Hz.
  • the soft magnetic metal strip contributes a maximum value of the magnetic induction values With an average roughness of approximately 1 ⁇ m, this means a strip thickness d of the soft magnetic metal strip between 10 ⁇ m ⁇ d ⁇ 20 ⁇ m.
  • the metal band may have a ratio Br / Bm> 80%, where Bm is measured at 200 mA / cm.
  • the metal band has a fish scale pattern with a structure arranged transversely and obliquely to the band longitudinal direction. Such a pattern can be selectively adjusted, for example, by reducing the casting pressure and / or increasing the casting wheel speed.
  • Other options for selectively influencing the surface topology of the strip include, for example, surface structuring of the casting roll or subsequent laser scribing of the soft magnetic metal strip.
  • the metal strip thermally at a temperature between 500 ° C and 600 ° C for a period of 0.5 hours to 2 hours in a longitudinal field of 5 A / cm to 15 A / cm.
  • the metal strip has a quasi-stationary coercive force independent of a strip quality in terms of strip thickness and roughness, and an AC-determined coercive force of the strip metal increases linearly with a strip thickness-to-roughness ratio d / Ra.
  • the metal strip according to any one of the preceding embodiments may be wound to indicate a magnetic core.
  • This magnetic core can be used in various applications, for example in applications at frequencies of less than 1000Hz, such as an AC fault current switch, since the magnetic core has good permeability even at 50 Hz, or in distribution transformers.
  • this soft magnetic metal strip is used for ac-sensitive electromechanical components with a soft-magnetic annular band core.
  • the soft-magnetic metal strip can be used for residual current switches with a residual current limit value I max ⁇ 30 mA.
  • An AC-sensitive leakage circuit breaker comprising a magnetic core made of a wound soft magnetic strip according to one of the preceding embodiments.
  • the magnetic core of the ac-sensitive leakage circuit breaker has a ratio Br / Bm> 80%.
  • a distribution transformer comprising a magnetic core of a wound soft magnetic ribbon according to one of the preceding embodiments.
  • the magnetic core of the distribution transformer may have a ratio Br / Bm> 80% at a frequency of less than 1000 Hz, in particular at 50 Hz.
  • the toroidal cores were tempered longitudinally in a production furnace under hydrogen atmosphere.
  • the exact starting conditions were: 1h holding time at 540 ° C in the longitudinal field (alternating field of about 10 A / cm), cooling at 1 K / min.
  • the mean band thickness was determined from the weight of the meter and the roughness at the band underside (transverse to the band direction) was measured.
  • Example 1 is based on investigations with respect to roughness and strip thickness with the alloy Fe 75.5 Cu 1 Nb 3 Si 12.5 B 8 as batch KA 1283
  • the ratio of strip thickness to surface roughness d / R a ranges from about 10 to 60.
  • the FIG. 2 shows the associated variation of strip thickness d and roughness Ra. It is in FIG. 2 recognizable that the thinner tapes usually have an absolutely greater roughness.
  • FIG. 3 shows the commutation curve measured at 1 Hz (sinusoidal field strength) (B max over H) and the associated amplitude permeability ⁇ .
  • FIG. 4 shows the measured at 50 Hz (sinusoidal field strength) commutation curve (B max over H), and the associated amplitude permeability ⁇ .
  • the comparison of the 1 Hz and 50 Hz characteristic curves shows that the 50 Hz characteristic is almost completely determined by anomalous eddy currents. As already explained above, the classical eddy current contributions are negligible. It is noticeable that in particular the thin and rough bands deliver by far better 50Hz magnet values than the thicker smooth bands.
  • FIG. 5 shows the dynamic coercive force H c (as defined in FIG. 1 ) As a function of the ratio d / R a.
  • the swirl current-determined 50 Hz values increase linearly with d / R a , which corresponds to the theoretical expectations set out above.
  • the extrapolation of the 50 Hz values for d / R a ⁇ 0 leads to a value that roughly corresponds to the quasistatic coercive field strength.
  • the induction amplitude B 10 is relevant for an exciting field amplitude of 10 mA / cm.
  • the consequences of the relationship d / R a for this size are in FIG. 6 shown.
  • B 10 increases significantly with decreasing strip thickness and increasing roughness.
  • the maximum value of B 10 ie B 10 approximately equal to B s , is expected when the dynamic coercive force H c becomes less than 10 mA / cm. This is realized eg for smaller frequencies.
  • Example 2 is based on investigations with regard to roughness and strip thickness with the alloy Fe 73.5 Cu 1 Nb 3 Si 13.5 B 9 from various batches, as well as investigations of further influencing parameters.
  • the 50 Hz magnet values in the present case (Fe 73.5 Cu 1 Nb 3 Si 13.5 B 9 ) are somewhat more favorable than those of the alloy Fe 75.5 Cu 1 Nb 3 Si 12.5 B 8 . This is most clearly expressed when comparing the B 10 values at the same d / R a ratio (cf. FIG. 8 and 10 ).
  • the alloy with Si 13.5 atomic% has more favorable basic requirements both for the pure soft magnetic properties and for the dynamic properties.
  • FIG. 11 shows these changes as a function of the exciting field together with the BH commutation curve in comparison with Ultraperm 200. It can be seen that the changes of the soft magnetic nanocrystalline metal strip are significantly larger than in the case of the ultracrystalline Ultraperm 200 metal strip of a NiFe alloy.
  • Example 3 is based on tests on an amorphous comparison material VITROVAC 6030 Z (Z stands for material with a rectangular hysteresis loop) with regard to roughness and strip thickness.
  • VITROVAC 6030 Z make it clear that the improvement of the dynamic properties by reducing the strip thickness and in the case of amorphous metal strips with rectangular hysteresis loops are set by raising the band roughness limits.
  • the present investigations show that the 50 Hz properties of amorphous and nanocrystalline materials with a rectangular hysteresis loop are decisively determined by the ratio of strip thickness d to surface roughness R a .
  • the influence of d / R a is at least as important as the influence of the uniaxial anisotropy K u induced in the direction of the ribbon.
  • d / Ra gained nearly a crucial role because this parameter is much more difficult to master than the well-defined by the alloy composition and annealing treatment induced anisotropy K u.
  • the physical cause for the improvement in magnet values with increasing roughness and decreasing ribbon thickness could be due to dynamic domain refinement in the nanocrystalline metal ribbon.
  • the latter presumably results from the closure domain structures present around surface defects (such as air pockets on the underside of the belt, coarser crystalline precipitates, etc.) and comparable magnetization inhomogeneities.
  • H dB / dt The power dissipation is generally given by H dB / dt, where the rate of magnetization reversal dB / dt is proportional to f ⁇ B.
  • H is the external field needed to compensate for locally generated eddy current fields. From equation (1) follows for this: H - H c stat B ⁇ Vo ⁇ f ⁇ B ⁇ ⁇ el ⁇ n 0
  • H c stat (B) denotes the course of the quasistatic hysteresis loop, which is mainly determined by coercive field mechanisms.
  • Equations (1) and (2) The ultimate critical parameters in Equations (1) and (2) are the domain density n o , as well as the nucleation field strength V o . To clarify below is how both sizes are related to the surface roughness and the strip thickness.
  • H c is determined by pinning to surface defects
  • the coercitive field strength is essentially determined by pinning on the surface defects.
  • the minimum field strength V o for involving a new, previously pinned domain in the magnetization process is then analogous to H c V 0 ⁇ H c ⁇ R a ⁇ ⁇ d A ⁇ K J s given. Then follows from Eq. (2) for the eddy current field H - H c stat B ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ d R a ⁇ K u ⁇ f ⁇ B ⁇
  • H c stat in accordance with equation (5a) is proportional to R a / d, that is ultimately more dependent on R a / d than the anomalous eddy current losses. This results in inferior magnet values again due to the increasing hysteresis losses for bands that are too rough.
  • H c is independent of surface defects
  • H c is determined by nucleation or by pinning to intrinsic Anisotropiefluktuationen. Then V 0 ⁇ H c ⁇ K / J s with which the eddy current field as H - H c stat B ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ d R a K 3 / 2 ⁇ f ⁇ B ⁇ follows.
  • K 1 the average crystal anisotropy
  • the 50 Hz characteristic of nanocrystalline (as well as amorphous) materials with a rectangular hysteresis loop is decisively characterized by anomalous eddy current losses.
  • the above investigations indicate that the ratio of the strip thickness d to the surface roughness R a forms a significant influencing parameter, which can go far beyond the influence of the alloy composition.
  • the best magnet values were found for ratios d / R a ⁇ 20, ie for thin bands (around 20 ⁇ m and smaller) with a relatively rough surface (R a around 1 ⁇ m or slightly larger).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
EP11799328.7A 2010-11-23 2011-11-17 Weichmagnetisches metallband für elektromechanische bauelemente Active EP2643839B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010060740A DE102010060740A1 (de) 2010-11-23 2010-11-23 Weichmagnetisches Metallband für elektromechanische Bauelemente
PCT/IB2011/055166 WO2012069967A1 (de) 2010-11-23 2011-11-17 Weichmagnetisches metallband für elektromechanische bauelemente

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EP2643839A1 EP2643839A1 (de) 2013-10-02
EP2643839B1 true EP2643839B1 (de) 2018-09-26

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EP (1) EP2643839B1 (zh)
KR (1) KR101477444B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN103238190B (zh)
DE (1) DE102010060740A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2012069967A1 (zh)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014217761A1 (de) * 2014-09-05 2016-03-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Anisotrop weichmagnetisches Material mit mittlerer Anisotropie und geringer Koerzitivfeldstärke sowie dessen Herstellungsverfahren
DE102019123500A1 (de) 2019-09-03 2021-03-04 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Metallband, Verfahren zum Herstellen eines amorphen Metallbands und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines nanokristallinen Metallbands

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3911480A1 (de) * 1989-04-08 1990-10-11 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh Verwendung einer feinkristallinen eisen-basislegierung als magnetwerkstoff fuer fehlerstrom-schutzschalter
FR2755292B1 (fr) * 1996-10-25 1998-11-20 Mecagis Procede de fabrication d'un noyau magnetique en materiau magnetique doux nanocristallin
FR2764430B1 (fr) * 1997-06-04 1999-07-23 Mecagis Procede de traitement thermique sous champ magnetique d'un composant en materiau magnetique doux
ATE326056T1 (de) * 1998-11-13 2006-06-15 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh Magnetkern, der zum einsatz in einem stromwandler geeignet ist, verfahren zur herstellung eines magnetkerns und stromwandler mit einem magnetkern
DE10045705A1 (de) * 2000-09-15 2002-04-04 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co Kg Magnetkern für einen Transduktorregler und Verwendung von Transduktorreglern sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung von Magnetkernen für Transduktorregler
US6784588B2 (en) * 2003-02-03 2004-08-31 Metglas, Inc. Low core loss amorphous metal magnetic components for electric motors
JP5445889B2 (ja) * 2005-09-16 2014-03-19 日立金属株式会社 軟磁性合金、その製造方法、ならびに磁性部品
CN100445410C (zh) * 2005-09-27 2008-12-24 同济大学 一种纳米晶软磁合金材料及其制备方法
DE102006019613B4 (de) * 2006-04-25 2014-01-30 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Magnetkern, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung sowie seine Verwendung in einem Fehlerstromschutzschalter
JP2007299838A (ja) * 2006-04-28 2007-11-15 Hitachi Metals Ltd カレントトランス用磁心、カレントトランスならびに電力量計
CN101477868B (zh) * 2008-10-15 2011-04-06 安泰科技股份有限公司 大功率逆变电源用变压器铁基纳米晶磁芯及制造方法

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Publication number Publication date
CN103238190B (zh) 2017-02-15
CN103238190A (zh) 2013-08-07
KR101477444B1 (ko) 2015-01-06
WO2012069967A1 (de) 2012-05-31
EP2643839A1 (de) 2013-10-02
DE102010060740A1 (de) 2012-05-24
KR20130075780A (ko) 2013-07-05

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