EP2643259B1 - Crane having a crane jib, in particular a bracket crane - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a crane with a laterally cantilever crane boom, on which a hoist is arranged and which is connected to at least one support body which is movable together with the crane boom on trolleys along an upper track and a lower track rail, wherein each of the upper and the lower running rail and accordingly the trolleys are arranged vertically spaced from each other.

From the European patent EP 0 544 139 B1 a console crane is known for moving loads with at least one crane jib. On the crane boom, a hoist is movably received by means of a trolley, via which the load can be raised and lowered. The crane boom is laterally cantilevered out at one end via an upper and a lower chassis on an upper and a lower track rail and movable along it. The trolleys each have two wheels and are mounted with respect to the longitudinal direction of the crane jib both horizontally and vertically offset from each other on the crane boom. The rails extend parallel to each other horizontally and transversely to the crane boom and are attached to a wall or an elevated support structure. The lower chassis is attached by means of a downward vertical support at one end of the crane jib, which faces away from the free end of the crane jib. Here, the wheels of the lower chassis run off at a bottom of the lower track. The wheels of the upper chassis run on the upper track. The upper chassis is attached directly to the crane boom. In this way, the resulting from the acceleration or the weight of the crane elements and the possible load resulting forces or moments in the rails or the supports on the wheels of the chassis. The crane boom may additionally be pivotable in a horizontal plane.

The German patent DE 1 135 640 B discloses a comparable console crane with a crane boom, which is firmly connected to a console acting as a chassis support. The console crane consists essentially of two parts, which are firmly connected at the destination of the console crane. For this purpose, the frame-shaped bracket is composed of a T-shaped and a U-shaped support. With a horizontal portion of the T-shaped support is the Crane boom firmly connected. Also, the T-shaped carrier is firmly connected at its two ends in each case via a flange, each with a vertical leg of the U-shaped carrier. Both at the foot of the T-shaped support and vertically offset on the legs of the U-shaped support of the composite console are paired trolleys or wheels for force or torque introduction in an upper and a lower longitudinal rail and arranged for moving on the longitudinal rails.

Other console cranes with fixed to a support crane boom and vertically spaced chassis are also from the US patent US 707 660 A , the Swiss patent CH 682 229 A5 as well as the Japanese Utility Model JP 53 136764 U known.

From the German patent application DE 100 21 297 A1 a bridge crane with a main carrier is known, which is movable transversely to its longitudinal direction along two parallel running rails. For this purpose, each provided with trolleys head carrier are arranged at the opposite ends of the main carrier, via which the main carrier is supported on the rails. The head carriers are fastened in each case detachably to the main carrier via a connecting part with angle plates by means of screws. On the main beam also a hoist is suspended, which is movable along the main carrier.

Comparable overhead cranes with main carriers bolted to headrests are also available from the layouts DE 1 229 262 A and DE 1 175 840 A known.

The invention has for its object to provide a crane with a laterally projecting crane boom, in particular a console crane or wall crane, ready, whose production, transportation and installation are optimized.

This object is achieved by a crane having the features of claim 1. In the dependent claims 2 to 10 advantageous embodiments of the invention are given.

According to the invention, in a crane with a cantilevered crane jib, on which a hoist is arranged and which is connected to at least one support body, which together with the crane boom on trolleys along an upper Running rail and a lower track rail is movable, wherein each of the upper and the lower track rail and accordingly the trolleys are arranged vertically spaced from each other, a mounting, transport and manufacturing facilitated by the fact that the at least one support body is formed as a structural unit and on the Connection surfaces are arranged, on each of which one of the trolleys and the crane jib are releasably fastened and on the crane boom a crane jib connection surface and on the trolleys each a landing gear connection surface are arranged. Due to the manufacturing separation of support body and crane boom, it is possible in an advantageous manner to combine different materials. For example, the support body made of an aluminum alloy or of composite materials and the crane boom made of a steel material. In addition, a modular crane structure is realized, whereby a simplified and separate transport of the chassis and the crane jib to the destination is possible.

The crane according to the invention with a laterally cantilever crane boom is also referred to as a console crane. This console crane differs from the overhead cranes described above in that the main carrier of a bridge crane extends between two spaced apart in a horizontal plane running rails and rests with its two ends, for example on trolleys on the rails. The main carrier of such a bridge crane is thus not a cantilevered crane boom in the context of the present invention. A cantilever jib of a console crane has a free first end. The free first end is neither attached to a support body of the console crane nor it rests on a running rail. In other words, only at a second end of the crane boom joins a support body, which faces the rails and facing away from the free first end. In a trained as a wall crane crane crane rails run vertically spaced from each other along a wall. The trolleys over which such a console crane or wall crane is moved along the rails are therefore arranged in the region of the non-free second end of the crane jib and the support body located here.

A manufacturing optimization in the form that in particular the support body can be manufactured in a single clamping, is achieved in that all connection surfaces are arranged on the at least one support body. Consequently It is also possible to achieve a particularly high production accuracy. Thus, the support body or exclusively arranged thereon connection surfaces, in particular the connection surfaces for the trolleys, particularly dimensionally stable, so that in the course of assembly and disassembly of Ausrichtaufwand can be reduced. The high manufacturing accuracy also leads to improved handling of the crane, which reduces dynamic effects, reduces the wear of mechanical components such as the wheels and increases the life of the crane.

Simplified production is additionally achieved by providing connection bores at the connection surfaces, crane boom bores at the crane boom connection surface and housing bores at the landing gear connection surfaces.

In a structurally simple construction, it is provided that one of the landing gear connection surfaces is arranged on a lateral first or second housing wall of the chassis.

Particularly advantageous for a simple and quick assembly, disassembly and a simple replacement of components at the destination of the crane is that all trolleys and the crane boom can be fastened in each case via detachable connection means on one of the connection surfaces.

In a structurally simple design two vertically spaced trolleys are arranged on the at least one support body, which act in terms of the forces introduced by the crane jib in opposite directions. As a result, the forces acting on the laterally projecting crane jibs are safely introduced into the rails.

An embodiment which is improved in particular with respect to stability and smoothness provides that a third running gear is arranged on the at least one supporting body, which acts in a direction which differs from the corresponding directions of the first and second running gear with respect to the forces introduced by the crane jib.

It is particularly advantageous that the trolleys each have at least one impeller exhibit.

The effort, in particular with regard to the observance of necessary manufacturing tolerances, can additionally be minimized by the fact that the at least one running rail has at least one running surface which is the surface of a rail arranged on the at least one running rail. This additional track can be worked well planning.

The good space coverage achieved by the cantilevered jib is additionally increased and made flexible by the hoist can be moved along the crane jib.

• Figur 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Krans, der als Wandlaufkran ausgebildet ist,
• Figur 2 eine seitliche Teilansicht des Krans gemäß Figur 1,
• Figur 3 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Tragkörpers des Krans und
• Figur 4 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Fahrwerks des Krans.

An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following description. Show it:

• FIG. 1 a perspective view of a crane, which is designed as a wall crane,
• FIG. 2 a partial side view of the crane according to FIG. 1 .
• FIG. 3 a perspective view of a support body of the crane and
• FIG. 4 a perspective view of a chassis of the crane.

The FIG. 1 shows a trained as a wall crane crane 1 with a movable rails 7, 8 support body 2 to which a crane boom 3 is laterally projecting in a Auskragungsrichtung A cantilevered. The crane boom 3 receives a trolley with hoist 5, which is movable along the crane jib 3. It is of course also possible to fix a hoist stationary on the crane boom 3. In addition, it is possible to arrange more than one crane boom 3 on the support body 2 and on the other hand to hang on each crane boom 3 more than a trolley with hoist 5 movable or stationary.
On the support body 2, a first, second and third chassis 4a, 4b and 4c are attached. The crane 1 is supported via the chassis 4a on an upper running rail 7 and via the running gears 4b, 4c on a lower running rail 8. The upper running rail 7 and the lower running rail 8 are fastened via a support structure 6a, 6b to a vertical support 6, which is or can be part of a wall (not shown). The crane 1 is thus movable as a wall-mounted crane along the upper and lower rails 7 and 8 and in a substantially horizontal direction of travel V. The carrier 6, which carries the upper and lower rails 7, 8, may deviate from the embodiment of a wall crane also be a free-standing component of a stator construction, which is not directly part of a wall.

The support body 2 has a flat, elongated cuboid shape with projections and has a total of four subsequently described in more detail connection surfaces 2a to 2d (see also Figures 2 and 3 ), which, viewed in a plane containing the projection direction A, point in different directions arranged at right angles to one another - in particular in and opposite to and transversely to the projection direction A upwards and downwards. The connection surfaces 2a to 2d are located directly or indirectly on walls 2e to 2h of the support body 2 (see also FIG FIG. 3 ).

The fourth connection surface 2d, on which the crane boom 3 via a crane boom connection surface 3a (see FIG. 2 ) is fastened on one side by means of a detachable screw connection, 2 e of the support body 2 is provided in the lateral fourth wall. Thus, a free end 3b of the crane jib 3 projects freely from the support body 2 with respect to the direction of travel V perpendicularly directed in the projection direction A. The crane boom 3 is formed in the projecting direction A oblong, box-shaped and flat, that is, he has in the projecting direction A has a greater height than width. Also, the crane boom 3 adjacent to a free end 3b opposite a terminal end 3e. In order to create a rail-like lower region 3d of the crane jib 3, which serves to receive and move the trolley with hoist 5 in or against the protruding direction A, two opposing lateral crane jib walls 3c are recessed transversely to the protruding direction A of the crane jib 3 inwards , The crane boom connection surface 3a is provided at the connection end 3e in the form of a connection plate 3g. From the connection plate 3g, as seen from the free end 3b, only a flange-like collar 3f can be seen, which protrudes laterally and above the cross-sectional contour of the crane jib 3 like a collar. In the projecting collar 3f of the connection plate 3g, a plurality of crane jib holes concealed by screws 3h are provided, which are complementary to a plurality of connection bores 2n (see FIG FIG. 3 ) of the fourth pad 2d are arranged. The crane jib bores and thus also the screws 3h are distributed uniformly along the collar 3f. Of course, it is also possible that the crane boom 3 instead of in the box shape shown here as a profile carrier from commercial rolled sections or otherwise designed special profiles is trained.

On a horizontal, upper first wall 2f of the support body 2, a, upwardly facing first connection surface 2a (see Figures 2 and 3 ), as well as on a horizontal, lower second wall 2g (see Figures 2 and 3 ) of the support body 2 a parallel to the first pad 2a downwardly facing second pad 2b. At a lateral third wall 2h (see Figures 2 and 3 ) of the support body 2, a third connection surface 2c is additionally provided, which lies opposite the fourth wall 2e and points away therefrom.

The trolleys 4a, 4b, 4c are each designed identical. A main component is an elongate and tubular chassis housing 11 with a rectangular cross-section. The chassis housing 11 has in each case a landing gear connecting surface 4d, 4e, 4f, not shown, and in each case a first and a second impeller 12, 13 are rotatably mounted therein (see FIG. 4 ). The first chassis 4a is fastened to the carrier body 2 by means of a releasable screw connection between the first chassis connecting surface 4d and the first connecting surface 2a and the second chassis 4b by means of a detachable screw connection between the second chassis connecting surface 4e and the second connecting surface 2b. The third chassis 4c is fastened to the support body 2 by means of a detachable screw connection between the third chassis connection surface 4f and the third connection surface 2c.

The upper running rail 7 is formed double-T-beam-shaped with a web and two flanges and extends in the direction of travel V, wherein the web is aligned horizontally. At a rear first flange 7a, seen from the free end 3b of the crane jib 3, a first rail 14a having a rectangular cross-section is welded on the outside and at a height to the web in the direction of travel V-that is to say in the longitudinal direction of the upper running rail 7. The unillustrated surface of the first rail 14a functions as a vertical first tread 7b (see FIG FIG. 2 ), on which the first chassis 4a is applied.

The lower running rail 8 consists of a T-bar-shaped first area 8a with a web and a flange. The first region 8 a is arranged below the upper running rail 7. The web of the first region 8a is also aligned parallel to the upper running rail 7, wherein the flange facing away from the end of the web in the direction of the free end 3b of the crane jib 3 shows. This end of the web of the first region 8a is fastened laterally to a double-T-shaped second region 8b of the lower running rail 8 with a web 8c and two flanges centrally on the web 8c. In this case, the web of the first region 8a is arranged perpendicular to the web 8c of the second region 8b. On the lower running rail 8, there results a vertical second running surface 8d, against which the second running gear 4b rests, in the longitudinal direction on the side of the web 8c pointing in the projecting direction A, at a height with the web of the first region 8a, a second rail 14b is welded on. A horizontal third running surface 8f on the lower running rail 8, against which the third running gear 4c rests, results from the fact that a third rail 14c is welded centrally and in the longitudinal direction on an upper second flange 8e. The contact conditions between the chassis 4a, 4b, 4c and the rails 14a, 14b, 14c and the treads 7b, 8d, 8f are in FIG. 2 shown in detail.

About the described structure of the crane 1, the resulting moments, the resulting horizontal and vertical forces are essentially introduced via the trolleys 4a, 4b and 4c corresponding to the respective chassis alignment in the upper track rail 7 and in the lower track rail 8.

The alignment of the landing gear connection surfaces 4d and 4e and thus of the first and second chassis 4a and 4b in the assembled state can be done except in the illustrated horizontal orientation, with appropriate redesign of the upper and lower running rail 7 and 8, also vertically or in an angled intermediate position. The same applies analogously to the third chassis 4c and the corresponding third chassis connection surface 4f.

In the FIG. 2 is a partial side view of the crane 1, in particular the screw connections between the crane boom terminal surface 3a of the collar 3f and the fourth pad 2d, between the first landing gear pad 4d and the first pad 2a, between the second landing gear pad 4e and the second pad 2b and between the third Suspension connection surface 4f and the third connection surface 2c. In addition, it is shown how the first impeller 12 and the second impeller 13 of the first chassis 4a, not shown, are in contact with the first running surface 7b and roll on it. The contact conditions between the chassis 4b and 4c and the second tread 8d and third tread 8f are shown in the same way.

In the FIG. 3 is the support body 2 shown with the four pads 2a to 2d, which are provided on the walls 2e to 2h. The substantially box-shaped form of the support body 2 has, on an opposite side of the fourth wall 2e, a substantially obliquely falling wall course, which is formed by further walls 2i to 2k. The vertical fifth wall 2i adjoins the upper first wall 2f opposite and parallel to the fourth wall 2e. The distance of the wall path decreases steadily and rectilinearly with respect to the fourth wall 2e over a slanted area and ends with a recessed step on the vertical third wall 2h. In between, the sloping sixth wall 2j adjoins the top of the fifth wall 2i at the top and the horizontal wall 2k connected to the third wall 2h at the bottom. The frame formed by the aforementioned seven walls 2e to 2k is closed on both sides by two side walls 2m, the side walls 2m being set back inwardly with respect to the outer edges of the frame, respectively. The fourth connection surface 2d is integrally formed in the side wall 2e, wherein a plurality of connection holes 2n are provided uniformly distributed in a U-shaped course in an upper edge region of the fourth wall 2e. The connection surfaces 2a, 2b, 2c, which are fastened indirectly on the support body 2 in the form of connection plates, each have a plurality of connection bores with insertion sleeves 2o. Of course, the pads 2a to 2d may also be embodied in a manner other than that shown. It is also possible that some of the pads 2a to 2d are arranged adjacent to each other so that the corresponding surfaces merge into each other and only the connection of the trolleys 4a, 4b, 4c or the crane jib 3 causes a local boundary. Thus, for example, it is also conceivable that two crane jibs 3 are fastened to the support body 2, and for this purpose two separate connection surfaces are provided from the outset, or that a common connection surface receives the two crane jibs 3. In addition, a rod formed with a rectangular cross-section rod 2p is arranged horizontally oriented transversely to the fourth wall 2e. The lug 2p serves with its upper side as a support on which the lower region 3d of the connecting end 3e of the crane jib 3 rests during assembly and in the mounted state.

The FIG. 4 shows an example in a perspective view of the structure of a chassis 4a, 4b, 4c. Here are between two elongated and parallel Housing walls 11 c, 11 d of the box-shaped chassis housing 11 at a left end 11 a, the first impeller 12 and at a right end 11 b, the second impeller 13 rotatably mounted. The wheels 12, 13 protrude respectively at the left and right end 11 a, 11 b of the chassis housing 11 partially from each of a left and a right opening 11 f, 11 g of a third housing wall 11 e out. Alternatively, it is also possible to accommodate more than two wheels in the chassis housing 11. In addition, a plurality of housing bores 11h are provided in the first housing wall 11c or in the second housing wall 11d in the region of the chassis connection surfaces 4d, 4e, 4f, via which the respective screw connections of the carriages 4a, 4b, 4c to the corresponding connection surfaces 2a, 2b, 2c carried the support body 2. It is different from the one in the FIGS. 1 . 2 and 4 illustrated embodiment also possible that the housing bores 11 h are not provided in the lateral first or second housing walls 11 c, 11 d, but in an upper fourth housing wall 11i_. A correspondingly designed chassis 4a, 4b, 4c would thus - based on the upper housing wall 11 i and regardless of its spatial orientation in the assembled state - not connected by "side port", but by "top connection" with the support body 2. Each of the running gears 4a, 4b, 4c can be driven or not driven.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

crane

2

supporting body

2a

first connection surface

2 B

second connection surface

2c

third connection surface

2d

fourth connection surface

2e

fourth wall

2f

first wall

2g

second wall

2h

third wall

2i

fifth wall

2y

sixth wall

2k

seventh wall

2m

Side wall

2n

connection bore

2o

Connection hole with insertion sleeve

2p

cleat

3

crane boom

3a

Boom terminal area

3b

free end

3c

Boom wall

3d

lower area

3e

terminal end

3f

collar

3g

connecting plate

3h

screw

4a

first landing gear

4b

second chassis

4c

third chassis

4d

first landing gear connection surface

4e

second landing gear connection surface

4f

third landing gear connection surface

5

Trolley with hoist

6

carrier

6a

upper support structure

6b

lower support structure

7

upper track

7a

first flange

7b

first tread

8th

lower track

8a

first area

8b

second area

8c

web

8d

second tread

8e

second flange

8f

third tread

11

undercarriage Box

11a

left end

11b

right end

11c

first housing wall

11d

second housing wall

11e

third housing wall

11f

left opening

11g

right opening

11h

housing bore

11i

fourth housing wall

12

first impeller

13

second impeller

14a

first rail

14b

second rail

14c

third rail

A

of projection

V

traversing

Claims (10)

1. Crane (1), having a laterally projecting boom (3) on which a hoist is arranged and which is connected to at least one supporting body (2) which, together with the boom (3), is displaceable by means of running-gear units (4a, 4b, 4c) along an upper travel rail (7) and a lower travel rail (8), the upper and lower travel rails (7, 8), and hence the running-gear units (4a, 4b, 4c), being arranged to be spaced away from one another vertically, characterised in that the at least one supporting body (2) is in the form of a unit structure on which are arranged connecting surfaces (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) to respective ones of which the running-gear units (4a, 4b, 4c) and the boom (3) can be detachably fastened, and arranged on the boom (3) there is a surface (3a) for boom connection and arranged on the running-gear units (4a, 4b, 4c) there are respective surfaces (4d, 4e, 4f) for running-gear unit connection.
2. Crane according to claim 1, characterised in that all the connecting surfaces (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) are arranged on the at least one supporting body (2).
3. Crane according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that connecting holes (2n) are arranged in the connecting surfaces (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d), boom holes are arranged in the surface (3a) for boom connection and holes (11 h) for housings are arranged in the surfaces (4d, 4e, 4f) for running-gear unit connection.
4. Crane according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that one of the surfaces for running-gear unit connection (4d, 4e, 4f) is arranged on a first or second lateral wall (11c, 11d) of a housing of the running-gear unit (4a, 4b, 4c).
5. Crane according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that all the running-gear units (4a, 4b, 4c) and the boom (3) can be fastened to respective ones of the connecting surfaces (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) by means of releasable connecting means.
6. Crane according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that arranged on the at least one supporting body (2) there are two running-gear units (4a, 4b) spaced apart from one another vertically which act in mutually opposed directions with regard to the forces applied by the boom (3).
7. Crane according to claim 6, characterised in that there is arranged on the at least one supporting body (2) a third running-gear unit (4c) which acts with regard to the forces applied by the boom (3) in a direction which is different from the corresponding directions for the first and second running-gear units (4a, 4b).
8. Crane according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the running-gear units (4a, 4b, 4c) each have at least one travel wheel (12, 13).
9. Crane according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one travel rail (7, 8) has at least one face for travel (7b, 8d, 8f) which is the surface of a rail (14a, 14b, 14c) arranged on the at least one travel rail (7, 8).
10. Crane according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the hoist is displaceable along the boom (3).

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