EP2638356B1 - Système laser pour produire des densités de puissance élevées ou compactes sur un objet - Google Patents

Système laser pour produire des densités de puissance élevées ou compactes sur un objet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2638356B1
EP2638356B1 EP11772894.9A EP11772894A EP2638356B1 EP 2638356 B1 EP2638356 B1 EP 2638356B1 EP 11772894 A EP11772894 A EP 11772894A EP 2638356 B1 EP2638356 B1 EP 2638356B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
laser
target
weapons
individual
lasers
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EP11772894.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2638356A1 (fr
Inventor
Markus Jung
Michael Gowin
Ellen Dudek
Alexander Graf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
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Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H13/00—Means of attack or defence not otherwise provided for
    • F41H13/0043—Directed energy weapons, i.e. devices that direct a beam of high energy content toward a target for incapacitating or destroying the target
    • F41H13/005—Directed energy weapons, i.e. devices that direct a beam of high energy content toward a target for incapacitating or destroying the target the high-energy beam being a laser beam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H11/00—Defence installations; Defence devices
    • F41H11/02—Anti-aircraft or anti-guided missile or anti-torpedo defence installations or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H13/00—Means of attack or defence not otherwise provided for
    • F41H13/0043—Directed energy weapons, i.e. devices that direct a beam of high energy content toward a target for incapacitating or destroying the target
    • F41H13/005—Directed energy weapons, i.e. devices that direct a beam of high energy content toward a target for incapacitating or destroying the target the high-energy beam being a laser beam
    • F41H13/0062—Directed energy weapons, i.e. devices that direct a beam of high energy content toward a target for incapacitating or destroying the target the high-energy beam being a laser beam causing structural damage to the target

Definitions

  • the invention is specifically concerned with realizing high power densities on remote objects in order to process and / or destroy them. Based on this, the use is provided in a high power laser system with very good beam quality.
  • Lasers are classified into low energy lasers, medium energy lasers and high energy lasers.
  • a method for adaptive beam control of intermediate energy laser weapons describes the DE 198 04 720 B4 ,
  • the Mittelenergywaffe has a middle energy laser and a control device with thermal imaging device, computer and laser power controllers, which is set to set a desired laser beam diameter at the target in a measurement phase of the laser beam with initially low laser beam power, which is then increased progressively up to the maximum possible beam power.
  • a device with a laser arrangement for irradiating a target is the subject of DE 102 52 685 B4 ,
  • the laser arrangement in turn consists of an oscillator-amplifier system, which can be operated in a first mode as a directional laser in the low-energy range and in the second mode as a high-energy laser.
  • the laser source comprises, inter alia, a solid-state laser amplifier, an array of laser fiber amplifiers, a phase and polarization sensor and means for controlling phase and polarization of elements of the array of laser fiber amplifiers, etc.
  • High energy lasers have a good beam quality only in the power range up to about 10kW. As a result, high-energy lasers with laser powers ⁇ 20kW and a good beam quality are difficult to realize. Furthermore, the damage thresholds for the optical components limit the maximum allowable laser power for a given aperture.
  • a fiber laser array of high beam power which consists of a plurality of continuous coherent single-fiber lasers which are distributed by a common longitudinally operated master oscillator pump energy distributed over a fiber splitter distributed in the single-fiber laser.
  • the radiation leaving the fiber array is directed to a target or a target point, wherein the respective phase differences in the individual fiber laser branches are determined and evaluated in control electronics for optimal phase injection of the fiber branches of the fiber laser array for the intensity of the emitted To achieve laser radiation at the target point.
  • a missile system in particular a laser weapon system for the destruction of attacking guided missiles known.
  • a first laser beam is generated from a first position and at the same time a second laser beam is generated from a second position and directed against the missile.
  • the laser weapons are mobile and can change their positions.
  • the missile is located and tracked via infrared detectors or other equivalent tracking devices. In addition, these devices are used to locate the vulnerable parts of the missile accurately. By generating multiple beams from separate laser sources and sending them to the same location, the time to destroy the attacking missile is reduced.
  • the EP 0 892 240 A2 describes a laser weapon.
  • Each laser weapon contains a command and control system integrated into a master controller. The system is used to switch on the laser weapons individually or in groups or as a whole in order to increase the power of the laser weapons.
  • the US 2006/0028373 A1 includes an active protection system that includes a UWB threat detection radar, an optical tracker for accurate threat positioning, and a high-powered threat-destruction laser.
  • the US 2006/0233215 A1 relates to a compact high power laser comprising at least one heat sink, a plurality of laser resonators and an optical head. Each laser resonator extends axially through the heat sink and transmits its laser beam in this position.
  • the head adjoins these second ends of the laser resonators and comprises an optical transmission device by which an overlapping area in a remote location can be defined at a predetermined distance from the optical head.
  • the US 2005/0185403 A1 discloses a hand-held, non-lethal laser.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device and a method which makes it possible to realize especially a high-power laser system that generates a compact power density on the object.
  • the invention is based on the idea of dividing the power into a plurality of lasers and geometrically superimposing them on the target, so that in total at the destination a total power density of all individual power densities is achieved. That is, it is intended to provide the required power density by two or more separate laser systems (laser branches) or smaller units, which are coupled to each other (for example by means of spectral or optical grating), that these each half (X / 2), a third (X / 3) or a quarter (X / 4) part etc. of the required or desired laser power density with good beam quality, which are geometrically superimposed on the target (summation), so as to the object / target itself with the full power density ( Fig. 5 ). If only two laser system branches are used, each of the branches must deliver a higher performance than if three, four or more branches are involved.
  • an illumination system preferably a laser
  • a laser which marks the area to be irradiated on the object.
  • the reflection of the illumination signal from the object is registered by the laser system, preferably by the same telescope or optical system through which the laser beam is to be transmitted. Aligning the telescope to the reflex or fine-tracking ensures that all laser beams illuminate the marked area, increasing the power density in the marked area. In this way, the atmospheric changes of the 1st order can be compensated.
  • the illumination laser can basically be driven in two modes: cw, pulsed.
  • the wavelength of the illumination laser must be different from that of the laser system, so that the reflection of the illumination laser in the laser system can be separated from that of the laser system for the evaluation.
  • both the illumination laser and the laser system can have the same wavelength.
  • skillful Pulspausen ensured that the illumination laser as well as the laser system can be ensured that the laser system only evaluates the reflex of the illumination laser (illumination laser on, laser system off).
  • Each of the two or more laser system branches are combined into a laser beam in a combination unit / grating.
  • a combination unit / grating in addition to the spectral coupling and a geometric coupling or phase coupling is possible.
  • the rays impinging on the grating are coupled in and out again so that they are emitted together via an optical system, for example a telescope, on the target (object).
  • the beam thus generated is also guided onto the target, wherein it is geometrically superimposed on the target with the beam of the other laser branch. This then also applies to the other branches.
  • the geometric overlay increases the performance at the destination.
  • Two or more units can be directed to a grid.
  • the number of alignable units is dependent on the performance of the grid.
  • Laser (unit) and grating are in turn grouped several times into an overall system and in turn aligned to a common mirror (rough tracking).
  • the grating may be dielectric as well as optical in nature to enable spectral coupling.
  • each laser system has its own telescope and preferably its own tracker.
  • the aim of this idea is for the laser system or the laser weapon to distribute the total aperture instead of a single aperture with a large diameter on several smaller apertures, which then usually contain the same components.
  • the key components for the functional operation of the laser system in particular as a laser weapon or weapons laser are a reconnaissance system, such as a radar, a fine imaging to clear the vulnerable point of the target, a coarse and a fine tracker, a beam shaping, a laser illumination and the actual high-energy laser - the laser source ,
  • a reconnaissance system such as a radar, a fine imaging to clear the vulnerable point of the target, a coarse and a fine tracker, a beam shaping, a laser illumination and the actual high-energy laser - the laser source .
  • Each of the smaller unit has these components, where the illumination laser, the radar and the fine imaging need not necessarily be present in each unit.
  • a decentralized integration of the illumination laser, radar, fine imaging for all units is also possible. This allows a modular character of the units with which the system / weapon can be modularly constructed. Two or more units can be combined into one module. These modules are also summarized to other modules.
  • the units can also be accommodated at a distance from one another, they can be distributed to several locations, including, for example, several vehicles etc. These units can also be locally linked to a high-power laser system by aligning with the destination.
  • the performance on site can also be varied by the number of facilities.
  • a beam of a multiple of 5, for example 20 kW and more can be generated.
  • the creation of a laser beam with a power of 100 kW and more with good beam quality of the single laser is thereby realized in a simple manner.
  • the present idea in addition to shortening the implementation time for a laser weapon, also allows the cost to be reduced since smaller (output) apertures can be used.
  • the idea is not limited to high-performance laser systems. Rather, this idea can also be transferred to low-energy lasers and medium-energy lasers.
  • Fig. 1a, b show a simplified representation of the basic principle of the device 1 for the realization of a (high-power) laser.
  • this device 1 can also be used for material processing, for example, in the greater distance, in which also moves the object.
  • the laser 1 is formed by two individual lasers 2, 3 or more individual lasers 4-7.
  • the beams 50 of the individual lasers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 are projected on a target 15 and geometrically superimposed on it, so that at the target 15, a laser power of, for example, 40 kW by two lasers 2, 3 with a power of each 20 kW or by four lasers 4-7 with a power of 10 kW, etc. is generated.
  • the individual lasers 2-7 can in turn also be composed of two or more individual lasers 8, 9, 10, 11, etc. ( Fig.2 ).
  • the emerging from a preamplifier 12 beams (for example, with 5 kW) are directed through mirrors 32 and from there to a common grid 13. From the grating 13, the beam 50 generated at the grating 13 is emitted in the direction of the target 15.
  • the weapon system 100 itself has besides a fire line 101 and a radar 102, a loading or evaluation 103 and two or more laser weapons 20. Furthermore, a preferably central coarse tracker 104 is provided, which effects a coarse orientation of the individual weapon laser 20 on the target / object 15.
  • the individual weapons laser 20 in turn consists of at least the basic components (active) laser 21 and its own (receiving and Wirk-) telescope 25 (also with different beam diameters) and in this embodiment with its own illumination telescope 26 and a lighting laser 27.
  • a Illuminating laser with telescope also decentralized arranged for all weapon weapons 100 integrated laser weapons 20 function.
  • each weapon laser 20 has an adaptive optics 22, a (fine) imaging system 23 and an optical fine tracker 24.
  • Each weapon laser 20 further has at least one tip-tilt mirror 28 and a deformable mirror 29 (for example, part of the adaptive optics 22) integrated in the laser beam path.
  • a wavefront sensor 30 is used in a known manner to improve the beam quality of the active laser 21. Not shown are further CCD camera (s), preferably with a large field-of-view (FOV).
  • An evaluation and control unit 31 completes the laser weapon 20.
  • the functional connections of the components mentioned can be the Fig. 3 be removed.
  • mirrors 32 are included, which are used for beam alignment within the weapon 20.
  • each laser weapon (system) 20 is subject to its own atmospheric disturbance. However, this can be remedied by the own tip-tilt mirror 28 and if necessary by the own deformable mirror 29, so that a clean superposition of the beams 50 of the laser weapons 20 at the target 15 is achieved.
  • the separation of the laser power to different targets 15 becomes possible.
  • the individual laser weapons 20 are aimed at a target 15. Thereafter, some of the laser weapons 20 may be prematurely withdrawn to a new target and aligned by the laser laser (group) 20 responsive illumination laser.
  • these can be radiated with different wavelengths or modulation (on / off, AM).
  • AM modulation
  • appropriate separation technologies are used to differentiate the individual illumination laser from each other.

Claims (9)

  1. Système d'arme (100) comprenant au moins une conduite de tir (101), au moins un radar (102), au moins une unité d'évaluation et d'interprétation (103) ainsi que deux armes à laser (20) ou plus qui peuvent également être mutuellement espacées, avec un laser actif (21), un ou plusieurs lasers individuels (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ,9, 10, 11) générant respectivement un rayon individuel (50) et les rayons individuels (50) des lasers individuels (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) étant projetés sur une cible (15) et superposés géométriquement sur celle-ci, de sorte que la somme de la puissance souhaitée soit réalisée au niveau de la cible (15), caractérisé par
    * un traqueur approximatif (104), le traqueur approximatif (104) étant disposé de manière centrale et produisant une orientation approximative des armes à laser (20) individuelles sur la cible (15),
    * chaque arme à laser (20) possède un traqueur de précision optique (24), une optique d'adaptation (22), un système d'imagerie (23) et un télescope de réception et actif (25),
    ∘ chaque arme à laser (20) comportant un télescope d'éclairage (26) et un laser d'éclairage (27) ou
    ∘ un laser d'éclairage (27) avec télescope d'éclairage (26) étant disposé de manière décentrée ou centrale et servant toutes les armes à laser (20) intégrées dans le système d'arme (100).
  2. Système d'arme (100) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que chaque arme à laser (20) possède au moins un miroir inclinable de pointe (28) ainsi qu'un miroir déformable (29), lesquels sont incorporés dans le trajet du rayon laser.
  3. Système d'arme (100) selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que des miroirs supplémentaires (32) sont incorporés en vue de réaliser une arme à laser (20) au repos, lesquels servent à l'orientation du rayon à l'intérieur de l'arme à laser (20).
  4. Procédé de réalisation d'une densité de puissance élevée sur des cibles éloignées avec un système d'arme (100) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    a. reconnaissance d'une cible (15) et transmission de cette information à la conduite de tir (101),
    b. activation du système d'imagerie (23) afin d'obtenir des informations suffisantes à propos du combat en des points vulnérables sur la cible (15),
    c. amenée de la cible (15), pour chaque arme à laser (20), au centre de son télescope de réception et actif (25) au moyen du traqueur de précision (24),
    d. illumination de la cible (15) par le laser d'éclairage (27) et orientation du laser actif (21) correspondant et ainsi de chaque arme à laser (20) sur le reflet, toutes les armes à laser (20) voyant le même reflet et les axes des rayons laser étant orientés sur le même spot sur la cible (15),
    e. contrôle par la conduite de tir et activation des lasers actifs (21) par la conduite de tir, plusieurs rayons individuels (50) étant générés et étant déviés vers un point commun sur la cible (15).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les rayons individuels (50) sortant d'un préamplificateur (12) sont déviés sur un miroir (32), de là sur une grille commune (13) et, de la grille (13), le rayon individuel (50) produit au niveau de la grille (13) est amis en direction de l'objet (15).
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que les perturbations atmosphériques propres sont corrigées par le miroir inclinable de pointe (28) propre et, si nécessaire, par le miroir déformable (29) propre, de sorte qu'une superposition nette des rayons individuels (50) des armes à laser (20) soit obtenue sur la cible (15) .
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que pour la différenciation des lasers d'éclairage (27) individuels, leurs rayons sont émis avec des longueurs d'onde ou une modulation différentes.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 4 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'en présence de plusieurs lasers d'éclairage (27) et de plusieurs armes à laser (20), une séparation de la puissance laser sur différentes cibles (15) est possible.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les rayons individuels (50) sont créés par un couplage de phases géométrique ou spectral.
EP11772894.9A 2010-11-12 2011-10-18 Système laser pour produire des densités de puissance élevées ou compactes sur un objet Active EP2638356B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010051097A DE102010051097A1 (de) 2010-11-12 2010-11-12 Lasersystem, zur Erzeugung von hohen bzw. kompakten Leistungsdichten am Objekt
PCT/EP2011/005212 WO2012062399A1 (fr) 2010-11-12 2011-10-18 Système laser pour produire des densités de puissance élevées ou compactes sur un objet

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2638356A1 EP2638356A1 (fr) 2013-09-18
EP2638356B1 true EP2638356B1 (fr) 2017-02-22

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EP (1) EP2638356B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010051097A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL225543B (fr)
RU (1) RU2549742C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012062399A1 (fr)

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DE102012015074C5 (de) 2012-07-31 2018-03-29 Mbda Deutschland Gmbh Neuartige Strahleinrichtung für ein Laserwaffensystem
DE102012022039B4 (de) 2012-11-09 2020-03-26 Mbda Deutschland Gmbh Modulare Laserbestrahlungseinheit
FR2999282B1 (fr) * 2012-12-10 2015-01-16 Thales Sa Dispositif optronique
DE102013002007B4 (de) 2013-02-06 2021-11-18 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Empfangen und Verarbeiten der von einem ausgedehnten Objekt kommenden optischen Signale
DE102016121698A1 (de) 2016-11-11 2018-05-17 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Verfahren und Abwehrsystem zur Bekämpfung von Zielen und Bedrohungen
DE102017100068A1 (de) * 2017-01-04 2018-07-05 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Lasersystem mit Schutzeinrichtung
DE102017104662A1 (de) 2017-03-06 2018-09-06 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Waffensystem mit wenigstens zwei HEL-Effektoren
DE102018100891A1 (de) 2018-01-16 2019-07-18 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Hochleistungslaser, insbesondere Laserwaffe
CN108180788B (zh) * 2018-02-28 2023-04-25 中国人民武装警察部队工程大学 反小型无人机的便携式激光武器装置及其使用方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IL225543B (en) 2018-05-31
IL225543A0 (en) 2013-06-27
RU2013126877A (ru) 2014-12-20
WO2012062399A1 (fr) 2012-05-18
EP2638356A1 (fr) 2013-09-18
RU2549742C2 (ru) 2015-04-27
DE102010051097A1 (de) 2012-05-16

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