EP2635809A1

EP2635809A1 - Wind turbine

Info

Publication number: EP2635809A1
Application number: EP13700135.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Ralph Burkhardt; Bernhard Ludas; Manuel Rathgeb
Original assignee: Voith Patent GmbH
Current assignee: Voith Patent GmbH
Priority date: 2012-01-11
Filing date: 2013-01-07
Publication date: 2013-09-11
Also published as: CN103998776A; WO2013104580A1; CN103998776B; DE102012000341A1; KR20140106651A

Abstract

The invention relates to a wind turbine comprising - a rotor which rotates about a rotor axis, - rotor blades which converge in a central rotor hub and which are designed to be adjustable, - a transmission which is connected at least indirectly to the rotor on the drive side and at least indirectly to a generator on the output side, and - supply lines for adjustment energy, said supply lines being led through the transmission and into the rotor hub. The invention is characterized in that - the transmission comprises at least one planetary stage with a stationary planet carrier and - the supply lines for the adjustment energy run through the stationary planet carrier and through a supply channel arranged centrally about the rotor axis.

Description

Wind turbine

The invention relates to a wind turbine according to the closer defined in the preamble of claim 1.

Wind turbines are known from the general state of the art.

Typically, such a wind turbine has a wind driven rotor which rotates about a rotor axis. To a controllability of the

To ensure wind turbine, the rotor blades, which converge in a central rotor hub, designed adjustable. So you can order yours

Longitudinal axis, which is typically perpendicular to the rotor axis, are rotated to the profile of the individual rotor blades required

Adjust performance ratios and / or the existing wind speeds. For this purpose, in the region of the rotor hub with the rotor rotating adjusting devices are known which must be supplied with point energy in order to adjust the rotor blades can. The adjusting devices are usually formed hydraulically or by electric motor. Thus, a supply of electrical power or a pressurized hydraulic

Working medium in the area of the rotor hub necessary. In order to be able to realize this, a central tube is typically arranged as a supply line for the place energy or the line energy transporting line elements around the rotor axis and projects into the rotor. Typically, this tube is non-rotatably connected to the rotor and is guided by a direction of power in the direction of the rotor arranged gear. About rotary feedthroughs, the point energy is then from a fixed structure in the area of

Passed pipe and passes from there to the adjusting devices in the

Rotor hub. The structure makes it necessary that the transmission is designed so that via a spur gear or the like, a displacement of the drive shafts takes place because due to the centrally guided around the rotor axis tube and its implementation by the transmission no power transmitting components in the Range are possible. About such a spur gear so the main axis of the transmission is typically offset parallel to the rotor axis, so as to ensure the supply of job energy to the adjusting devices for the rotor blades can. This is correspondingly expensive and increases the space required in the area of a rotor bearing pulpit of the wind turbine.

The object of the present invention is now to avoid these disadvantages and to provide a compact structure for a wind turbine, which allows a coaxial arrangement of all essential parts of the transmission to the rotor axis and continues to allow small peripheral speeds in the rotary feedthrough.

This object is achieved by a wind turbine with the

Characteristics in the characterizing part of claim 1 solved. advantageous

Embodiments and developments arising from the dependent therefrom dependent claims.

In the wind power plant according to the invention, it is provided that the transmission comprises at least one planetary stage with a fixed planet carrier, and that the supply lines for job energy by the fixed planet carrier and a central arranged around the rotor axis feed channel. The use of at least one planetary gear set in the transmission, in which the planet carrier is fixed, so does not rotate about the rotor axis, allows a coaxial structure of the transmission about the rotor axis and still allows implementation of power supply lines from a non-rotating area by the fixed planet carrier and one with this

connected central supply channel in the rotor hub. The arrangement thus takes place without an offset of the drive shafts and can be realized with minimal effort in terms of space. In a particularly favorable and advantageous development of the wind turbine according to the invention, it is provided that the

Feed channel is formed fixed. Such a directly connected to the fixed planetary carrier supply channel, which runs in a hollow output shaft of the rotor is ideal in terms of the supply of point energy into the rotor hub. The energy can then be fed directly or via lines extending into the area of the rotor hub via the stationary planet carrier and the supply channel. In a particularly favorable and advantageous development thereof, it is further provided that a rotary feedthrough for passing the point energy from the region of the feed channel are arranged to rotating with the rotor adjusting devices for the rotor blades in the rotor hub. Such

Rotary unions in the area of the rotor hub are particularly easy and efficient to implement, since the rotor hub with a comparatively small

Rotates speed and rotary feedthroughs in their area are therefore correspondingly easy and wear to realize. In addition, the lie

Rotary unions, which may need to be maintained, directly in the rotor hub and thus in the same area as the

Parking facilities. Maintenance can therefore be easily and simply done together with the adjusting devices. The other areas of the supply channel, which run in a hollow shaft and inside the transmission, then need to be inaccessible for maintenance purposes. As a result, disassembly work on the gearbox, in the case of maintenance, can be reduced.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention

Wind turbine, it may further be provided that between the rotor and the at least one planetary stage at least one further gear stage is arranged coaxially on the rotor axis. Such a further optional gear stage, which in turn may in turn be designed as a planetary stage, allows a corresponding implementation of the low rotor speed in the required comparatively high speed of an output shaft of the transmission, which at least indirectly drives a generator. Due to the division into several gear stages, the load on the individual gear stages is reduced and the size of the required translations is reduced.

In a further very advantageous embodiment of the invention

Wind turbine, it may also be provided that between the transmission and the generator, a variable speed transmission is arranged with at least one hydrodynamic circuit for speed control. In an advantageous development thereof, this d tunable variable transmission can be formed in particular coaxially to the rotor axis. Such variable-speed transmissions have been known for some time in the field of wind power and are described in more detail in particular by the German patent DE 103 14 757 B3. Their functionality is essentially that of the variable

Input speed, which is supplied by the fluctuating wind energy through the rotor, in a constant output speed for the generator

is converted. This can be used as a generator, which with this

speed-controlled transmission is directly coupled, a directly connected to the power grid synchronous machine can be used. Expensive electrical converters and the like can be dispensed with in this particularly preferred structure.

Further advantageous embodiments of the wind turbine according to the invention will become apparent from the remaining dependent claims and will be apparent from the embodiment, which below

Referring to the figures will be described in more detail.

Showing: Figure 1 is a relevant to the invention section of a wind turbine in a first possible embodiment;

FIG. 2 shows a section corresponding to the illustration in FIG

second possible embodiment;

FIG. 3 shows a section corresponding to the illustration in FIG

third possible embodiment; and

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a possible connection of a generator to a wind turbine according to the invention.

In the illustration of Figure 1 is a relevant to explain the present invention section of a wind turbine 1 can be seen. The section consists essentially of a rotor 2, which rotates about a rotor axis 3. The rotor 2 consists of a plurality of rotor blades 4, of which only one is indicated in principle in a section here. The rotor blades 4 converge in a central rotor hub 5. The rotor blades 4 are their own

Longitudinal axis 6, which is often, but not necessarily, perpendicular to the axis of rotation 3, adjustable, as indicated by the arrow designated 7 in principle. The adjustment of the rotor blades 4 is known from the general state of the art. It typically takes place from the interior of the wheel hub 5 via adjusting devices 8, which are indicated here only as a box. However, the structure of these actuators 8 is known from the general state of the art.

To drive the adjusting devices 8 must place energy in the field of

Rotor hub 5 are supplied. This is done in the structure shown here by a fixed central supply channel 9, which is arranged around the rotor axis 3 and thus the axis of rotation of the rotor 2. Over with the Reference numeral 10 provided rotary unions at the rotor hub end of the feed channel 9, this job energy is fed to the adjusting devices 8. The rotary feedthroughs 10 rotate together with the adjusting devices 8 and the rotor hub 5 to the supply channel 9. Die

Rotary unions 10 can, as shown, outside the

Supply channel 9 may be arranged, or be realized as a so-called internal rotor inside the feed channel 9. The adjusting devices 8 can be designed both as hydraulic adjusting devices and as electrical adjusting devices. Depending on whether electrical energy or pressure energy is required to actuate the adjusting devices 8, electrical power or oil pressure is supplied via the supply channel 9, optionally in line elements extending therein.

The resulting during rotation of the rotor 2 power is delivered via a trained as a hollow shaft output shaft 11 of the rotor 2 in the region of a transmission 12. The feed channel 9 can be mounted, for example, in the drive shaft 11 or drive shaft 11 on the feed channel 9. In the transmission 12, the comparatively low speed of the rotor 2 is then typically translated to a higher speed.

In the embodiment shown here, the gear 12 is constructed so that it has at least one planetary stage 13. These

Planet stage 13 is formed so that a ring gear 14 is rotatably connected to the output shaft 11 of the rotor 2. About planetary gears 15, of which only one can be seen here, the power is then transferred to a sun gear 16.

This sun gear 16 in turn is in direct communication with an output shaft 17 of the transmission 12. An exactly reverse construction of the planetary stage 13 would also be conceivable. The planet gears 15 are held in a planet carrier or planet carrier 18. The peculiarity consists in the fact that this planet carrier 18 is designed rotatably. He is standing towards, for example, a pulpit of the wind turbine 1 and does not run with. This stationary and non-rotating planetary carrier 18 is fixedly connected on its side facing the rotor 2 with one end of the supply channel 9 and in turn has a passage 19 for the supply lines of the body energy. This supply line 19 is in communication with the interior of the supply channel 9. Due to the fact that the planetary carrier 18 is stationary, a connection of the feedthrough 19 to a fixed device for providing the required point energy, for example an electrical

Energy device or a hydraulic pressure-providing pump, simple and efficient, without affecting rotating parts of the transmission 12 are thereby impaired. The transmission 12 can thus be arranged coaxially about the rotor axis 3 on the rotor axis 3. All in all, this creates a structure that avoids any misalignment and can be realized coaxially overall. The structure can be realized correspondingly compact and efficient.

In addition to the embodiment shown in Figure 1 variants are conceivable, of course. In the illustration of Figure 2, for example, a variant can be seen, which is constructed substantially the same as the wind turbine 1 described in the illustration of Figure 1. The only difference is that an additional gear stage 20 between the rotor 2 and the Planet set 13 is arranged with the fixed planet carrier 18. In the illustration of Figure 2, this gear stage 20 with a

bordered by dotted two-dot line. She is in the one shown here

Embodiment designed as a planetary stage with a fixed ring gear 21. The planetary gears 22 rotate with the output shaft 11 of the rotor 2. Via a sun gear 23, the ring gear 14 of the planetary gearset 13 is then driven. Otherwise, the construction described in FIG. 2 differs from the structure described in FIG. 1 only by means of a longer running feed channel 9, which additionally runs through the optional gear stage 20. Another possible embodiment can be seen in the illustration of FIG. Again, the gear 20 is again shown and outlined by the dotted line. It is not absolutely necessary, but can be seen here in particular as an optional supplement. The difference with respect to the structure shown in Figure 2 is located in the region of the planet gears 15 of the planetary stage 13. As already in the structure in Figure 1 and Figure 3 meshes with a planetary gear 15 with the ring gear 14 of

Planet stage 13. The planet 15 does not mesh directly with the

Sun gear 16 on the output shaft 17, but drives a rotatably connected to it second planetary gear 24, which then meshes with the sun 16. The planetary gears 15, 24 of the planetary gear set 13 are so-called

Stage planet formed. As a result, once again a structurally very simple and compact possibility is achieved of being able to constructively adapt the transmission ratio.

About the output shaft 17 of the previously described construction of the wind turbine 1, an ideally coaxial with the rotor axis 3 arranged generator can now be driven. The generator can in particular directly from the

Output shaft 17 are driven. The generated electrical power can then be converted via suitable converters to the required mains frequency and voltage and so fed into an electrical supply network. An alternative to this is shown in the representation of FIG.

Instead of a direct coupling of the generator to the output shaft 17, here a generator 25 is shown, which is coupled via a speed-controllable gear 26 to the output shaft 17. In the representation of Figure 4, the structure of rotor 2 and gear 12, analogous to the representation in Figure 1, can be seen. To simplify the presentation, only the reference numerals 2, 12 and 17 have been drawn here again. All other reference numerals, which have been omitted here, would be analogous to the representation in Figure 1 to complete. The output shaft 17 of the transmission 12 is then connected to an input shaft 27 of the speed-controlled transmission 26 - for example, fixed. Its output shaft 28 drives the generator 25 directly. Now it is such that such a speed-controlled transmission is well known in wind turbines from the German patent DE 103 14 757 B3. It consists essentially of a superposition gear 29 for power split and

Reunification. In addition, from a planetary stage 30 and a

hydrodynamic circuit 31, which in the here shown

Embodiment should be designed as a hydrodynamic converter. Through the arrows, the power direction is shown in a drive through the output shaft 17. The power passes through a central power branch 32 to the hydrodynamic circuit 31. In the case of the construction shown here with a hydrodynamic converter, a pump of the hydrodynamic converter via this power branch 32 is driven with. Power is fed back via the planetary gear 30 via a turbine wheel of the converter and superimposed on the superposition gear 29 with the power originating from the output shaft 17 or the drive shaft 27 of the power-controlled gear 26. By influencing the hydrodynamic circuit 31, in particular by adjusting the guide vanes of the hydrodynamic converter shown here by way of example, the returned power and the central power branch 32 superimposed power in terms of torque and speed can be influenced, thereby controlling the speed at the output 28 of

power-controlled transmission 26 is very simple, fast and accurate possible. As a result, the generator 25 can be designed as a synchronous generator coupled directly to a power supply 33. The effort in terms of electronic conversion and adjustment of the electrical power generated thus eliminated. This creates a significant cost advantage.

Claims

claims

1. Wind turbine (1) with

1.1 a about a rotor axis (3) rotating rotor (2),

1.2 rotor blades (4) which converge in a central rotor hub (5) and are designed to be adjustable,

1.3 a transmission (12), which on the drive side at least indirectly with the

Rotor (2) and the output side is at least indirectly connected to a generator (25),

1.4 supply lines for job energy, which are guided by the transmission (12), and which lead into the rotor hub (5),

characterized in that

1.5 the transmission (12) at least one planetary stage (13) with a

comprises fixed planet carrier (18), and

1.6 the supply line for job energy by the fixed planet carrier (18) and a centrally about the rotor axis (3) arranged feed channel (9) extend.

2. Wind power plant (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one planetary stage (13) is formed coaxially with the rotor axis (3).

3. Wind power plant (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the supply channel (9) is fixed.

4. Wind turbine (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that

Rotary feedthroughs (10) for passing the point energy from the region of the feed channel (9) to the rotor (2) rotating adjusting means (8) for the rotor blades (4) in the region of the rotor hub (5) are arranged.

5. Wind power plant (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized

characterized in that the setting energy is supplied via electrical leads as electrical body energy.

6. Wind power plant (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized

characterized in that the job energy is supplied via hydraulic feed lines as hydraulic point energy.

7. Wind power plant (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized

in that at least one further gear stage (20) is arranged coaxially on the rotor axis (3) between the rotor (2) and the at least one planetary stage (13).

8. Wind power plant (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized

in that the planetary gears (15, 24) connected to the rotationally fixed planetary carrier (18) are designed as stepped planets.

9. Wind power plant (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized

in that the generator (25) is connected coaxially with the rotor axis (3) to the output (17) of the transmission (12).

10. Wind power plant (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized

characterized in that between the transmission (12) and the generator (25) a d tunable variable transmission (26) with a hydrodynamic circuit (31) is arranged for speed control.