SE419113B - WIND POWER PLANT FOR MAIN MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION OF A VARIABLE TURBINE SPEED TO A SYNCHRONOUS OUTPUT SPEED - Google Patents

WIND POWER PLANT FOR MAIN MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION OF A VARIABLE TURBINE SPEED TO A SYNCHRONOUS OUTPUT SPEED

Info

Publication number
SE419113B
SE419113B SE7909379A SE7909379A SE419113B SE 419113 B SE419113 B SE 419113B SE 7909379 A SE7909379 A SE 7909379A SE 7909379 A SE7909379 A SE 7909379A SE 419113 B SE419113 B SE 419113B
Authority
SE
Sweden
Prior art keywords
speed
transmission
variator
turbine
speed variator
Prior art date
Application number
SE7909379A
Other languages
Swedish (sv)
Other versions
SE7909379L (en
Inventor
I Nygren
Original Assignee
Allmaenna Ingbyran
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Allmaenna Ingbyran filed Critical Allmaenna Ingbyran
Priority to SE7909379A priority Critical patent/SE419113B/en
Priority to PCT/SE1980/000283 priority patent/WO1981001444A1/en
Priority to EP80902189A priority patent/EP0039710A1/en
Priority to CA000364705A priority patent/CA1144077A/en
Publication of SE7909379L publication Critical patent/SE7909379L/en
Priority to DK295981A priority patent/DK295981A/en
Publication of SE419113B publication Critical patent/SE419113B/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/10—Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • F05B2260/40311—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing of the epicyclic, planetary or differential type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/101—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/101—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
    • F05B2270/1014—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n) to keep rotational speed constant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/327—Rotor or generator speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H47/00—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing
    • F16H47/02—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type
    • F16H47/04—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type the mechanical gearing being of the type with members having orbital motion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Description

7909379-s D 2 Å = RWÅ, varvid Rw = propellerns spetshastighet och U= 7 vindhastigheten. kurvan för en ideal vindturbin visas med en streckad linje. Av den heldragna kurvan i diagrammet framgår att propellerns ideala snabblöptal ger en verkningsgrad om- kring 70%. D _ K För att en vidturbin skall ge största möjliga energi- uttag bör den således arbeta med ett snabblöptal alltid nära det optimalalå _ Detta innebär att turbinvarvtalet måste vari- era. j ' ' För att göra det möjligt att ansluta en turbin för variabelt varvtal till t ek en synkrongenerator, vilken krä- ver konstant varvtal, har för hittills kända vindkraftverks- projekt undersökts nydrostatisk, mekanisk eller elektromagne- tisk varvtalsreglering. Det har emellertid därvid konstaterats att verkningsgraden hos nämnda system för varvtalsreglering blir så dålig att praktiskt taget hela energitillskottet ge-D nom variabelt turbinvarvtal tas i anspråk. 7909379-s D 2 Å = RWÅ, where Rw = the tip speed of the propeller and U = 7 the wind speed. the curve for an ideal wind turbine is shown with a dashed line. The solid curve in the diagram shows that the propeller's ideal fast speed gives an efficiency of around 70%. D _ K In order for a wide turbine to provide the largest possible energy output, it should thus always operate at a fast speed close to the optimal low _ This means that the turbine speed must vary. j '' In order to make it possible to connect a variable-speed turbine to a synchronous generator, which requires a constant speed, neodrostatic, mechanical or electromagnetic speed control has been investigated for hitherto known wind turbine projects. However, it has been found that the efficiency of said speed control system becomes so poor that practically the entire energy supplement is used by D through variable turbine speed.

Vid infasning av en synkrongenerator till elnät krä- ves synkront generatorvarvtal, märktomgångsspänning och rätt fasläge. För hittills projekterade stora vindkraftverk sker varvtalsreglering enbart medelst bladvinkelvridning. Detta medför, genom den ofrânkomliga trögheten i systemet, att in- fasningsförloppet blir tidsödande och besvärligt. 7 I Den uppfinning som i det följande skall beskrivas innebär lösningen på de beskrivna problemen med vindkraftverk.When phasing in a synchronous generator to the mains, synchronous generator speed, rated bypass voltage and the correct phase position are required. For large wind turbines designed so far, speed control takes place only by means of blade angle rotation. This means, through the insurmountable inertia in the system, that the phasing-in process becomes time-consuming and difficult. I The invention to be described in the following means the solution to the described problems with wind turbines.

.Genom uiapfinningen kan varvtalet för en generator hållas syn- kront inom snäva gränser samtidigt som vindturbinens varvtal anpassas till det i varje läge optimala snabblöptalet som gäller för turbinen. Verkningsgraden är hög genom att huvud- parten av effekten överföras via transmissionens mekaniska del. Detta innebär en avsevärd förbättring av verkningsgraden i jämförelse med hittills presenterade lösningar för varvtals- reglering. _ D i D i . Genom uppfinningen ernås vidare en elasticitet i trans- missionen som enkelt kan^givas varje önskad karaktäristik.Through the invention, the speed of a generator can be kept synchronous within narrow limits at the same time as the wind turbine speed is adapted to the optimum fast speed that applies to the turbine in each position. The efficiency is high in that most of the power is transmitted via the mechanical part of the transmission. This means a significant improvement in efficiency in comparison with solutions for speed control presented so far. _ D i D i. The invention further achieves an elasticity in the transmission which can easily be given any desired characteristic.

.Extra arrangemang såsom fjädrande upphängning av växelhus 0 s v blir obehövliga..Extra arrangements such as resilient suspension of gearbox 0 s v become unnecessary.

Infasning till elnätet sker snabbare och enklare ge- nom att synkront varvtal för generator uppnås tidigare än in- verkan av bladvinkelvridning återverkar på generatorvarvtalet. 7909379-5 3 Utöver nämnda fördelar ernâs att maskineriet utan extra anordningar kan roteras långsamt vilket är av stort vär- de vid översyner och provkörningar. Uppfinningen kan tilläm- pas vid såväl horisontalaxlade som vertikalaxlade vindkraft- verk. Vid vertikalaxlade vindturbiner med fasta turbinblad innebär uppfinningen en högst avsevärd ökning av det årliga effektuttaget.Phasing in to the electricity grid takes place faster and easier by achieving synchronous speed for the generator earlier than the effect of blade angle rotation having an effect on the generator speed. 7909379-5 3 In addition to the mentioned advantages, it is achieved that the machinery can be rotated slowly without additional devices, which is of great value during inspections and test runs. The invention can be applied to both horizontal-axis and vertical-axis wind turbines. In the case of vertical-axis wind turbines with fixed turbine blades, the invention entails a very considerable increase in the annual power output.

Fig 2 visar schematiskt en utföringsform av uppfin- ningen. En propeller 1, som i detta fall förutsättes vara ut- förd med vridbara blad vars vridning styres på känt sätt av ett styrdon vilket inte är visat i figuren, ansluter till en axel 2, vilken är vridbar i ett lager 3. Till axeln 2 är ock- så fast förbundet ett ok 4, försett med lagringar 6 och 7 för planetkugghjul 8 och 9. Planetkugghjulen 8 och 9 är i ingrepp med ett solkugghjul 10 och ett kranskugghjul 11. Kranskugg- hjulet som kan rotera i en lagring 12 är på lagringens mot- satta sida fast sammankopplat till ett kugghjul 13. Solkugg- hjulet 10 är fast anslutet till en transmissionsaxel 14 vil- ken är uppburen av lagringar 15 och 16. Vid andra änden av axeln 14 finns ett fast anslutet kugghjul 17 vilket är i in- grepp med ett kugghjul 18. Kugghjulet 18 är fast anslutet till ingående drivaxel 19 i en varvtalsvariator 20. Varvtalsvaria- torn är av känt slag och kan utgöras av hydrostatisk trans- mission bestående av hydraulpump med variabelt deplacement och hydraulmotor, vilka alternativt kan köras som motor eller pump, eller utgöras av mekanisk eller elektriskt verkande varvtalsvariator. Utgående axel 21 på varvtalsvariatorn 20 är fast förbunden med ett kugghjul 22 som är i ingrepp med kugg- hjulet 13. En givare 23 indikerar turbinens varvtal och en givare 24 indikerar varvtal för en generator 26. Signaler från givarna bearbetas på känt sätt i ett styrdon 25 som ger kom- mando till varvtalsvariatorn 20.Fig. 2 schematically shows an embodiment of the invention. A propeller 1, which in this case is assumed to be made with rotatable blades whose rotation is controlled in a known manner by a control device which is not shown in the figure, connects to a shaft 2, which is rotatable in a bearing 3. To the shaft 2 is also fixedly connected to a yoke 4, provided with bearings 6 and 7 for planetary gears 8 and 9. The planetary gears 8 and 9 are in engagement with a sun gear 10 and a ring gear 11. The ring gear which can rotate in a bearing 12 is on the bearing opposite side fixedly connected to a gear 13. The sun gear 10 is fixedly connected to a transmission shaft 14 which is supported by bearings 15 and 16. At the other end of the shaft 14 there is a fixedly connected gear 17 which is in grip with a gear 18. The gear 18 is fixedly connected to the input drive shaft 19 in a speed variator 20. The speed variator is of a known type and can consist of a hydrostatic transmission consisting of a hydraulic pump with variable displacement and a hydraulic motor, which alternatives vt can be run as a motor or pump, or consist of a mechanically or electrically acting speed variator. Output shaft 21 of the speed variator 20 is fixedly connected to a gear 22 which is engaged with the gear 13. A sensor 23 indicates the speed of the turbine and a sensor 24 indicates the speed of a generator 26. Signals from the sensors are processed in a known manner in a control device 25 which gives command to the speed variator 20.

Den beskrivna växellådan är av i och för sig känd pla- netväxeltyp. Den karaktäriseras av att varvtalet på planet- växelns kranshjul styrs av transmissionens utgående varvtal via en varvtalsvariator. Med lämplig dimensionering kan ernås att huvudparten av den överförda effekten kommer att förmedlas över transmissionens mekaniska del vilket innebär en mycket god verkningsgrad.The gearbox described is a planetary gear type known per se. It is characterized by the fact that the speed of the planetary gear's gear wheel is controlled by the output speed of the transmission via a speed variator. With suitable dimensioning it can be achieved that the majority of the transmitted power will be transmitted over the mechanical part of the transmission, which means a very good efficiency.

Claims (4)

1. 79o9379-5, 4 *Genom att använda den beskrivna transmissionen blir det möjligt att inom väl tilltagna gränser tillåta variabelt turbinvarvtal och ändå ha ett konstant utgående varvtal från transmissionen så att en synkrongenerator kan användas. Fig 3 visar en normal verkningsgradskurva för en (transmission av det beskrivna slaget. Av figuren framgår att transmissionen har ett verkningsgradsmaximum vid no. Vid no överföres hela effekten som mekanisk effekt. Vid varvtal mindre än no âtermatas en med varvtalsminskningen ökande del av effekten tillbaka till växellådan. 1 _ ' Vid varvtal över n¿ går en med varvtalet allt större del av effekten genom varvtalsvariatorn. Genom att lägga transmissionens märkvarvtal nø så att det sammanfaller med verkningsgradsmaximum beräknas en 10% ökning av årsenergin kunna ernâs. I _ " Den beskrivna transmissionen avser endast en utfö~ ringsform där uppfinningen tillämpas. Inom uppfinningens ram är många andra utföringsförmer tänkbara. Väsentligt är att drivning av en varvtalsvariator sker från transmissionens se- kundärsida och att varvtalet i variatorn kan omvandlas och bringas att inverka på totala utväxlingsförhållandet så att detta blir större eller mindre än ett nominellt utväxlingsför- hållande. Patentkrav g 1. vindkraftverk för huvudsakligen mekanisk transmis- sion av ett variabelt turbinvarvtal till ett synkront eller J (nära synkront utgående varvtal varvid turbinvarvtalet i varje läge är anpassat till det snabblöptal som ger maximal verk- ningsgrad under inverkan av en varvtalsvariator som vid tur- binvarvtal lägre än ett nominellt varvtal återmatar en medg varvtalsminskningen ökande del av effekten till transmissio- nen och vid varvtal högre än nominellt överför en ökande del av effekten över varvtalsvariatorn k ä n n e t e c k n a t '«av att det innefattar åtminstone en varvtalsvariator (20) med anslutande axel (21), ett kugghjul (22) i ingrepp med ett' kugghjul (13) fast förbundet med ett kranskugghjul (11). Ü 71. 79o9379-5, 4 * By using the described transmission, it becomes possible to allow variable turbine speed within well-proportioned limits and still have a constant output speed from the transmission so that a synchronous generator can be used. Fig. 3 shows a normal efficiency curve for a (transmission of the type described. The figure shows that the transmission has an efficiency maximum at no. At no the entire power is transmitted as mechanical power. At speeds less than no, a part of the power increasing with the speed reduction is fed back to At speeds above n¿, an increasing part of the power passes through the speed variator with the speed. By setting the rated speed of the transmission now so that it coincides with the maximum efficiency, a 10% increase in the annual energy can be achieved. I _ "The described transmission Within the scope of the invention, many other embodiments are conceivable.It is essential that a speed variator is driven from the secondary side of the transmission and that the speed in the variator can be converted and made to influence the overall gear ratio so that it becomes greater or less than a nominal gear ratio nde. Claims g 1. wind turbines for mainly mechanical transmission of a variable turbine speed to a synchronous or J (near synchronously output speed, the turbine speed in each position being adapted to the fast speed which gives maximum efficiency under the influence of a speed variator which in bee speed lower than a nominal speed returns an allowable speed reduction increasing part of the power to the transmission and at speeds higher than nominal transmits an increasing part of the power over the speed variator characterized by comprising at least one speed variator (20) with connecting shaft (21), a gear (22) in engagement with a 'gear (13) fixedly connected to a ring gear (11). 2. Vindkraftverk enligt patentkravet 1 innefattande en varvtalsvariator (20) vilken utgöres av en hydrostatisk trans- 7909379-5 5 mission sammansatt av två huvudenheter utförda för variabelt omställbara deplacement k ä n n e t e c k n a t av att var och en av dessa enheter kan fungera som drivande eller driven.Wind turbine according to claim 1, comprising a speed variator (20) which consists of a hydrostatic transmission composed of two main units made for variably adjustable displacement, characterized in that each of these units can function as driving or driven . 3. vindkraftverk enligt patentkravet 1 innefattande en varvtalsvariator (20), en givare (23) för indikering av tur- binvarvtal och en givare (24) för indikering av utgående varv- tal samt ett styrdon (25) för behandling av signaler från gi- vare och för kommando till varvtalsvariator k ä n n e - t e c k n a t av att momentant uppträdande störningar i driftvarvtalet från endera turbin eller utgående axel, under inverkan av varvtalsvariatorn, förhindras att fortplantas ge- nom transmissionen.Wind turbine according to claim 1, comprising a speed variator (20), a sensor (23) for indicating turbine speed and a sensor (24) for indicating output speed and a control device (25) for processing signals from the turbine. whether and for command to speed variator is known - characterized in that momentarily occurring disturbances in the operating speed from either turbine or output shaft, under the influence of the speed variator, are prevented from propagating through the transmission. 4. Vindkraftverk enligt patentkravet 1 innefattande åtminstone en varvtalsvariator (20) k ä n n e t e c k n a t av att varvtalsvariatorn har egenskapen att, under ett infas- ningsförlopp för en generator (26), omvandla variationer i turbinvarvtal till synkront varvtal för generatørn.Wind turbine according to claim 1, comprising at least one speed variator (20), characterized in that the speed variator has the property of, during a phasing-in process for a generator (26), converting variations in turbine speed to synchronous speed for generator torque.
SE7909379A 1979-11-14 1979-11-14 WIND POWER PLANT FOR MAIN MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION OF A VARIABLE TURBINE SPEED TO A SYNCHRONOUS OUTPUT SPEED SE419113B (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE7909379A SE419113B (en) 1979-11-14 1979-11-14 WIND POWER PLANT FOR MAIN MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION OF A VARIABLE TURBINE SPEED TO A SYNCHRONOUS OUTPUT SPEED
PCT/SE1980/000283 WO1981001444A1 (en) 1979-11-14 1980-11-12 Windmill transmission and control systems
EP80902189A EP0039710A1 (en) 1979-11-14 1980-11-12 Windmill transmission and control systems
CA000364705A CA1144077A (en) 1979-11-14 1980-11-14 Windmill transmission and control systems
DK295981A DK295981A (en) 1979-11-14 1981-07-03 WIND POWER PLANT

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE7909379A SE419113B (en) 1979-11-14 1979-11-14 WIND POWER PLANT FOR MAIN MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION OF A VARIABLE TURBINE SPEED TO A SYNCHRONOUS OUTPUT SPEED

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
SE7909379L SE7909379L (en) 1981-05-15
SE419113B true SE419113B (en) 1981-07-13

Family

ID=20339305

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
SE7909379A SE419113B (en) 1979-11-14 1979-11-14 WIND POWER PLANT FOR MAIN MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION OF A VARIABLE TURBINE SPEED TO A SYNCHRONOUS OUTPUT SPEED

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0039710A1 (en)
CA (1) CA1144077A (en)
DK (1) DK295981A (en)
SE (1) SE419113B (en)
WO (1) WO1981001444A1 (en)

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CA1144077A (en) 1983-04-05
EP0039710A1 (en) 1981-11-18
SE7909379L (en) 1981-05-15
WO1981001444A1 (en) 1981-05-28
DK295981A (en) 1981-07-03

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