EP2633116A1 - Toile sans fin étirée - Google Patents

Toile sans fin étirée

Info

Publication number
EP2633116A1
EP2633116A1 EP11767000.0A EP11767000A EP2633116A1 EP 2633116 A1 EP2633116 A1 EP 2633116A1 EP 11767000 A EP11767000 A EP 11767000A EP 2633116 A1 EP2633116 A1 EP 2633116A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
film substrate
end edges
endless
stretching
polymer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11767000.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Straub
Robert Eberhardt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voith Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
Voith Patent GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102010049490A external-priority patent/DE102010049490A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102010063870A external-priority patent/DE102010063870A1/de
Application filed by Voith Patent GmbH filed Critical Voith Patent GmbH
Publication of EP2633116A1 publication Critical patent/EP2633116A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/66—Pulp catching, de-watering, or recovering; Re-use of pulp-water
    • D21F1/80—Pulp catching, de-watering, or recovering; Re-use of pulp-water using endless screening belts
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
    • D21F1/0063—Perforated sheets
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/36—Guiding mechanisms
    • D21F1/40—Rolls
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F7/00—Other details of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F7/08—Felts
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F7/00—Other details of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F7/08—Felts
    • D21F7/086—Substantially impermeable for transferring fibrous webs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to fabrics for papermaking machines, and more particularly relates to fabrics for supporting and transporting a fibrous web in papermaking machines.
  • paper papers of various types cartons and cardboard are summarized.
  • the production of paper usually begins with the formation of a fibrous web from a pulp suspension.
  • fabrics are used as a support for the suspension and not yet self-supporting fiber web.
  • the fabrics are usually designed as endless belts, which are deflected via rollers each circulating within a particular section of the paper machine.
  • a pulp suspension applied to a fabric in the forming section of a paper machine is dewatered through the fabric.
  • the covering which is generally referred to as a forming fabric in this area, has passages through which water is withdrawn from the pulp suspension or the fibrous web which forms thereon.
  • the individual layers of such coverings not only have mutually differing permeabilities for water, but also lead, since openings formed in the upper layers or Passages are regularly covered by yarns underlying web layers, also lateral to local variations in the permeability of the woven fabric (the upper layer here is the paper side layer of the fabric to understand, ie the woven layer on which the pulp suspension or fiber web is supported ).
  • a laterally varying permeability results in a laterally varying dewatering speed of the fibrous web, which in turn leads to visible markings in the paper web and thus to a poor paper quality, wherein the differently dewatered areas are in a regular arrangement due to the regularly repeating weave pattern. Less drained areas of a paper web can also have a lower fiber density.
  • Woven fabrics have a low flexural rigidity and therefore often tend to wrinkle during circulation in paper machines.
  • the use of monofilaments of different materials such.
  • B. a combination of yarns of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyamide (PA) on the paper side facing opposite, running side of a string leads due to the different properties of these materials with respect to water absorption, elongation, etc. also to up or protruding side edges.
  • the patent application US 2010/0230064 specifies a covering for use in paper machines, which is produced from a helically wound polymer strip.
  • the width of the polymer tape is substantially less than the width of the fabric created therefrom, wherein the longitudinal direction of the polymer strip, with the exception of the inclined position given by the winding height, coincides with the running direction of the fabric.
  • the mutually opposite side edges of adjacent winding turns of the polymer strip are welded together to form a closed running surface.
  • the polymer strip used to produce the fabric is usually stretched, wherein the stretching can be done in one, in another, or in both directions, depending on the application.
  • the polymer tapes used to produce a covering in the winding method described above are stretched at least in the longitudinal direction. At the welds, the polymer orientation and crystallinity achieved by stretching are disturbed, weakening the mechanical stability of the clothing at these locations.
  • the angle of the weld seam with respect to the direction of rotation of the fabric must be sufficiently low so that the tensile stresses are completely absorbed by the polymer tape and can not lead to elongation of the weld.
  • the polymer tape in relation to Length and width of the fabric to be sufficiently narrow, resulting in a very long weld.
  • the pre-wound polymer tape must pass under the laser beam, or the laser beam must pass over the pre-wound polymer tape. Both methods are technically very complex and therefore lead to high production costs.
  • Embodiments of such fabrics are made from a continuous film substrate made by a process as set forth below.
  • a ribbon-shaped film substrate which consists of a polymer.
  • the polymer is preferably non-stretched or only slightly stretched.
  • the film substrate is bent such that the two end edges of the film substrate abut each other. Subsequently, the two adjacent end edges are integrally connected to each other.
  • the continuous film substrate thus formed is finally stretched in a direction substantially coincident with the circumferential direction of the continuous film substrate.
  • the cohesively connected end edges are preferably arranged transversely or obliquely to the direction of rotation of the endless film substrate, being understood to mean transverse angles of about 90 degrees and oblique angles between about 40 and 90 degrees to the direction of rotation of the endless film substrate.
  • film substrate in this document is a body to understand its thickness is much smaller than its lateral dimensions.
  • Further embodiments of the method further include a step in which the two end edges of the film substrate are provided with a mutually complementary profiling before the material-locking connection.
  • the profiling of the end edges is performed as beveling, step profiling, step profiling with bevelled abutting edges, tongue and groove profiling or combinations thereof.
  • the terms “comprising,” “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” and “having,” as used herein, and their grammatical variations generally include a non-exhaustive list of terms Characteristics, such as Designate steps, facilities, areas, sizes and the like, and in no way exclude the presence of other and other features or groupings of other or additional features.
  • Embodiments of the method may also include steps of integrally bonding the two end edges of the film substrate to using light having a wavelength that is not absorbed by the film substrate, and steps of coating at least one of the two end edges with an absorber material, the light of the wavelength used absorbed.
  • the stretching force applied to stretch the continuous film substrate is kept constant during one revolution of the continuous film substrate, wherein the length of one revolution may be greater than the circumferential length of the continuous film substrate.
  • the stretching takes place in one revolution.
  • Figure 6 shows a device for drawing an endless belt in a schematic illustration. It should be noted that the invention is not limited to the embodiments of the described embodiments, but is determined by the scope of the appended claims. In particular, the individual features in embodiments according to the invention can be realized in a different number and combination than in the examples given below. In the figures, like reference numerals are used for functionally equivalent characteristics, regardless of specific embodiments. _
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a string 10 embodied as an endless band.
  • the string consists of a ribbon-shaped film substrate 1 bounded laterally by two side edges 2 and 3, each of which follows a closed line and thus has no end. Accordingly, the band is closed in itself as a so-called continuous film substrate executed.
  • the side edges are in the illustrated embodiment in circulation.
  • the band 1 is delimited by two opposing surfaces 5 and 6.
  • the self-facing in the representation of the running side 6 of the band forms the inner surface of the fabric and is usually used for the transmission of forces for one revolution of the band.
  • the surface 5 opposite this, on the paper side, pointing outward in FIG. 1, usually serves as a support for the fibrous suspension or fibrous web.
  • the outer surface is the application of additional clothing components.
  • the direction QR given by the widthwise extension of the belt 1 is referred to below as transverse direction and coincides with the use of the clothing in a paper machine with the cross machine direction.
  • the circulation of the clothing 10 takes place transversely thereto in the direction LR, which is also referred to as the longitudinal or running direction, the spatial course of which is illustrated in FIG. 1 for the clothing sketched therein.
  • the band 1 may have a plurality of holes, not shown in FIG. Each of the holes forms a passage from the outer surface 5 of the belt-shaped endless foil substrate 1 to its inner surface 6. These holes are also referred to as pores and serve depending on the position in the paper machine for sheet formation by dewatering a resting in the production of paper on the fabric fiber fabric material or for further drainage of the fibrous web.
  • thermoplastic material such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyether ether ketones (PPS), by extrusion or casting.
  • PEEK polyamide
  • PA polyolefins
  • the film substrates used to form the inventive coverings are preferably not drawn. Since there is no significant change in the polymer structure at low draw factors, it is also possible to use slightly stretched film substrates instead of unstretched film substrates.
  • the two edges arranged transversely or obliquely to the direction of travel of the fabric, the so-called end edges or ends of the film substrate are bonded to one another in a material-locking manner.
  • the cohesive connection is preferably carried out by welding the two end edges, wherein welding methods such as ultrasonic welding, thermal welding or transmission welding are preferred. When welding resulting bumps such.
  • Burrs or melt edges are flattened after welding to obtain a homogeneous strip surface. The leveling is done by grinding or smoothing, z. B.
  • the end edges of the film substrate are preferably arranged in abutment and then welded, the end edges having mutually complementary profiles can, in order to create larger connecting surfaces and possibly a better adjustment of the edges together.
  • the film substrate ends can also be welded overlapping and then leveled.
  • the film substrate material does not have sufficient absorption of the energy form used for welding, then, as illustrated in the examples shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 5, one or (as not shown) may be applied to both of the boundary layers to be joined together Foiliensubstratenden an absorber material are applied.
  • NIR NIR
  • light having wavelengths in the range of about 700 to 1400 nm and sufficient intensity is directed to the absorber layer 9. Since the energy input into the substrate material which is transparent for the wavelengths used is extremely small, targeted heat introduction into the surfaces adjoining the absorber layer is thus achieved.
  • Suitable light sources for transmission welding are NIR lamps and in particular lasers such as diode lasers with emission wavelengths in the range from 808 to 980 nm and Nd: YAG lasers with an emission wavelength of 1064 nm.
  • absorber-free welding methods for example laser welding methods with wavelengths in the range from approximately 1700 to 2000 nm, can be used, wherein the laser beam is preferably focused on the front edges to be welded.
  • absorber-free welding methods for example laser welding methods with wavelengths in the range from approximately 1700 to 2000 nm
  • the laser beam is preferably focused on the front edges to be welded.
  • Another alternative is the use of a second laser or an additional intense light source, the wel- lenuer of the web material is well absorbed and pre-heats the film substrate material in the region of the front edges, whereby the irradiated simultaneously or subsequently welding laser can be better absorbed and thus used effectively.
  • connection area and a tailor-made welding can be achieved by chamfering or other shaped profiling of the abutting edges.
  • Examples of correspondingly processed film substrate edges are illustrated in Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively in the unfixed (left) and joined (right) states.
  • Figure 2 shows the two opposite ends of a film substrate 1 in a side view.
  • the absorber layer 9 possibly applied to one of the end edges is shown hatched in FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 5. Notwithstanding the illustrations, both end edges may be provided with an absorber layer 9. After welding, the two end faces are joined together at the joining surface 1 1.
  • the two band ends or front edges of the example illustrated in FIG. 3 have a step profiling complementary to one another.
  • an absorber layer 9 can be used to better connect the ends of the joint surface again.
  • FIG 4. A further example of a joining edge profiling is shown in FIG 4.
  • the edges to be joined of the film substrate 1 are prepared in the form of a complementarily shaped tongue and groove profile, wherein tongue and groove are preferably performed as shown with a slight taper to a slight telescoping To allow front edges.
  • This profile shape is characterized in particular by a great security against unwanted vertical offset of the two band ends when connecting.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a variant of the invention characterized by bevelled abutting edges in Figure 3 shown complementary step profiles.
  • the inventors have discovered that the polymer structure is similar to the weld of a cast or extruded thermoplastic film substrate, much like that of the untreated film substrate. As a result, the weld has approximately the same properties as the rest of the film substrate. This has been confirmed by experiments in which the cohesive "seams" easily pass through the stretching process described below, i. show no strain significantly different from the elongation of the remaining film substrate.
  • the continuous film substrate After producing the continuous film substrate, it is drawn into an endless belt 1.
  • the stretching preferably takes place unidirectionally in the longitudinal direction LR of the continuous film substrate, ie in its running direction, alternatively bidirectionally in the longitudinal and transverse direction QR.
  • the device used for drawing has at least one heating zone and at least one roll drafting device.
  • the heating of the region of the continuous film substrate arranged in each case in the heating zone takes place, for example, by means of hot air or infrared radiators.
  • the film is stretched in the direction LR by means of the one or more Walzenstrecktechnike by a factor in the range of about 2 to 10, preferably by a factor in the range of 3 to 6 when stretching in the direction LR.
  • the tape will not only be longer, but also thinner.
  • the initial length of the endless foil substrate must be lower by the stretching factor: where L F is the initial length of the continuous film substrate (in the direction of stretching) and LEB is the length of the endless belt 1 after stretching the continuous film substrate by the drawing factor SF L R in the longitudinal direction LR.
  • the stretching factor SF is chosen such that, during the determination In accordance with the use of the clothing in a paper machine, no significant elongation of the clothing occurs.
  • a possible stretching in the transverse direction QR is then carried out with a stretching factor SF QR of preferably from the range of 2 to 3.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a possible embodiment of an apparatus 20 for drawing an endless film substrate 1 as described above.
  • the drawing apparatus has a stretching unit 21 and a device formed from the stationary roller 22 and the displaceable roller 23 for compensating the belt elongation during the drawing operation.
  • the displacement can be realized by means of mounting the tension roller 23 on a cantilever.
  • the direction of displacement of the tension roller 23 is illustrated by the double arrow; it can be linear, but also follow a pivoting curve.
  • the actual stretching of a continuous film substrate 1 takes place in the stretching unit 21, in which the endless film substrate 1 over several draw rolls, z. B. five draw rolls W1 to W5 is performed.
  • the stretching unit is heated in the area of the drafting rollers.
  • the rotational speeds of at least two draw rolls following one another with respect to the guide of the endless foil substrate are different for this purpose, the rotational speed of the draw roll following in the direction of the endless belt being higher than that of the preceding one.
  • the stretching can take place in two sections, for example between the drafting rollers W2 and W3 as well as W4 and W5.
  • v (Wx) of the draw rolls in the direction of the continuous foil substrate 1 indicated by arrows v (W2) ⁇ v (W3) and v (W4) ⁇ v (W5).
  • stretching sections can also be defined, for example by means of v (W1) ⁇ v (W2) ⁇ v (W3) ⁇ v (W4) ⁇ v (W5).
  • the rollers 24 and 26 serve only to deflect the continuous film substrate from the means for compensating the belt elongation to the drafting rollers.
  • the stretching preferably takes place in one or more stretching steps during one revolution of the endless film substrate. In this case, the drawing operation must not be stopped before the place where it started, leaving no unstretched areas.
  • the stretching force for each drafting roller pair is kept constant during one revolution. Since an already stretched region undergoes no noticeable change when it passes through the drafting system again under unchanged drawing conditions, a circulation length longer than the circumference of the continuous film substrate can be selected for stretching.
  • the stretching can be done in several rounds, but then the stretching force is to increase from one round to the next. Whether the stretching is done in one or more passes depends on the mechanical properties of the stretched film substrate achieved thereby. Typically, when polyethylene terephthalate is used as the material for the continuous film substrate, substantially one pass drawing is preferred.
  • impurity-containing film substrates are used.
  • impurity-containing film substrates it is possible, for example, to extrude calcium carbonate particles during the extrusion of the film substrates.
  • the stresses occurring at these defects during the hiding of the film substrates lead to a rupture of the polymer material in the vicinity of the impurities, whereby small, the fabric 10 passing through, openings are formed.
  • the porosity of the fabric 10 can be controlled.
  • the stretched fabric 10 does not run during the intended use in the paper machine, which is to be understood as a shortening of the circumferential length and possibly width of the fabric 10 by thermal action, the fabric is thermo-fixed after stretching.
  • the stretched continuous film substrate is subjected to a final heat treatment, which is preferably carried out using the heating zone of the drawing device while keeping constant the tape length of the film substrate.
  • the stretched continuous film substrate preferably circulates in the drawing device at a constant speed until its heating zone has reached the target temperature required for thermosetting. After a circulation at the target temperature, the temperature of the heating zone z. B. reduced by switching off the heater.
  • the continuous film substrate is further kept in circulation until it is cooled.
  • the temperature required for thermosetting lies between the glass point and the softening temperature of the respective material. For polyethylene terephthalate, temperatures in the range of 150 to 220 ° C are preferred.
  • the width of the drawn endless belts 1 is preferably in the range of about 1 to 10 meters. If the width of an endless film substrate stretched by an above method is smaller than the width of the endless belt to be produced, two or more stretched endless film substrates of the same length and the same degree of stretching can be arranged side by side in the transverse direction and welded together in the running direction. For welding, a transmission welding method as described above can be used, wherein the side edges of the endless film substrates to be welded together can be profiled in a complementary manner, for example using one of the profile shapes shown in FIGS. 2 to 5. Preferred embodiments of a fabric produced with a method as described above have a thickness in the range of about 150 to 800 pm.

Abstract

L'invention concerne une toile (10) pour machines à papier, composée d'un substrat de type film en forme de bande (1) constitué d'un polymère non étiré. Le substrat de type film (1) est plié de sorte que les deux arêtes frontales du substrat de type film soient adjacentes l'une à l'autre. Ensuite, les deux arêtes frontales adjacentes l'une à l'autre sont reliées l'une à l'autre par liaison de matière. Le substrat de type film sans fin ainsi formé est enfin étiré dans la direction de rotation du substrat de type film sans fin ainsi formé.
EP11767000.0A 2010-10-27 2011-10-07 Toile sans fin étirée Withdrawn EP2633116A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010049490A DE102010049490A1 (de) 2010-10-27 2010-10-27 Verstreckte Endlosbespannung
DE102010063870A DE102010063870A1 (de) 2010-12-22 2010-12-22 Verstreckte Endlosbespannung
PCT/EP2011/067555 WO2012055690A1 (fr) 2010-10-27 2011-10-07 Toile sans fin étirée

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2633116A1 true EP2633116A1 (fr) 2013-09-04

Family

ID=45993192

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11767000.0A Withdrawn EP2633116A1 (fr) 2010-10-27 2011-10-07 Toile sans fin étirée

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20130220566A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2633116A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2013544979A (fr)
KR (1) KR20130132823A (fr)
CN (1) CN103210142A (fr)
WO (1) WO2012055690A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013182629A1 (fr) * 2012-06-06 2013-12-12 Voith Patent Gmbh Procédé de production d'une bande de feutre perméable sans fin
WO2014001172A1 (fr) * 2012-06-25 2014-01-03 Voith Patent Gmbh Procédé de production d'une bande de film continue
BR112017006125B1 (pt) 2014-09-25 2022-02-08 Albany International Corp Correia de múltiplas camadas para crepagem e estruturação em um processo de fabricação de papel absorvente
US9873980B2 (en) 2014-09-25 2018-01-23 Albany International Corp. Multilayer belt for creping and structuring in a tissue making process
JP2019504939A (ja) 2016-02-11 2019-02-21 ストラクチャード アイ、エルエルシー 製紙機械用の、ポリマー層を含むベルトまたは布
DE102018114748A1 (de) 2018-06-20 2019-12-24 Voith Patent Gmbh Laminierte Papiermaschinenbespannung

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012028601A1 (fr) * 2010-09-01 2012-03-08 Voith Patent Gmbh Habillage perforé

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US2920352A (en) * 1954-04-23 1960-01-12 Du Pont Process of casting and stretching film
US3323226A (en) * 1963-05-28 1967-06-06 Huyck Corp Synthetic dryer belt
US3879820A (en) * 1971-12-06 1975-04-29 Albany Int Corp Apparatus for producing non-woven papermakers felt
AU487888B2 (en) * 1975-06-04 1976-12-09 Albany International Corporation Nonwoven papermakers felt and method of manufacture
US4541895A (en) * 1982-10-29 1985-09-17 Scapa Inc. Papermakers fabric of nonwoven layers in a laminated construction
NO922928D0 (no) * 1992-07-23 1992-07-23 Kvaerner Eureka As Strekkmaskin
DE19829987A1 (de) * 1998-07-04 2000-01-05 Int Beteiligungen Gmbh Papiermaschinenbespannung
US6290818B1 (en) * 1999-05-18 2001-09-18 Albany International Corp. Expanded film base reinforcement for papermaker's belts
DE50100938D1 (de) * 2000-06-06 2003-12-18 Heimbach Gmbh Thomas Josef Schuhpressenband für Papiermaschinen
CA2559577C (fr) * 2004-03-16 2013-08-13 Albany International Corp. Courroies revetues de polyurethane et recouvrements de rouleau comprenant des nanocharges
DE102007024847A1 (de) * 2007-05-29 2008-12-04 Voith Patent Gmbh Papiermaschinenbespannung
US7897018B2 (en) * 2007-09-05 2011-03-01 Albany International Corp. Process for producing papermaker's and industrial fabrics
BRPI0923260A2 (pt) 2008-12-12 2016-01-26 Albany Int Corp tecido, correia ou manga industrial e respectivo método de formação

Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012028601A1 (fr) * 2010-09-01 2012-03-08 Voith Patent Gmbh Habillage perforé

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See also references of WO2012055690A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20130220566A1 (en) 2013-08-29
WO2012055690A1 (fr) 2012-05-03
CN103210142A (zh) 2013-07-17
JP2013544979A (ja) 2013-12-19
KR20130132823A (ko) 2013-12-05

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