EP2633012A2 - Compositions d'huile lubrifiante - Google Patents
Compositions d'huile lubrifianteInfo
- Publication number
- EP2633012A2 EP2633012A2 EP11836848.9A EP11836848A EP2633012A2 EP 2633012 A2 EP2633012 A2 EP 2633012A2 EP 11836848 A EP11836848 A EP 11836848A EP 2633012 A2 EP2633012 A2 EP 2633012A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lubricating oil
- foam inhibitor
- group
- engine
- siloxane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- -1 polysiloxanes Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 65
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 24
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 10
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 7
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000011044 succinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010689 synthetic lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000002440 hydroxy compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CIRMGZKUSBCWRL-LHLOQNFPSA-N (e)-10-[2-(7-carboxyheptyl)-5,6-dihexylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]dec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC1C=CC(CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C(\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C1CCCCCC CIRMGZKUSBCWRL-LHLOQNFPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002323 Silicone foam Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012445 acidic reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VJHINFRRDQUWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl sebacate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC VJHINFRRDQUWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012208 gear oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002314 glycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000005165 hydroxybenzoic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002462 imidazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003902 salicylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013514 silicone foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N (z)-1-[(z)-octadec-9-enoxy]octadec-9-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RDAGYWUMBWNXIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzene Chemical class CCCCC(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1CC(CC)CCCC RDAGYWUMBWNXIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEYQUBZGSWAPGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-di(nonyl)benzene Chemical class CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCC YEYQUBZGSWAPGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLPSARLYTKXVSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethanamine Chemical compound CC(N)C1=CN=CS1 RLPSARLYTKXVSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSOAQRMLVFRWIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxydecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC=C NSOAQRMLVFRWIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDSQBDGCMUXRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-butoxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)COC(C)COC(C)CO JDSQBDGCMUXRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLAXZGYLWOGCBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylbutanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O YLAXZGYLWOGCBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUHFRORXWCGZGE-KTKRTIGZSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO MUHFRORXWCGZGE-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUCFNMOPTGEHQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-2h-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine Chemical compound C1=NC=C2C(Br)=NNC2=C1 NUCFNMOPTGEHQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLPFFLWZZBQMAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-5-yl)benzonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(C#N)=CC=C1C1N2C=NC=C2CCC1 CLPFFLWZZBQMAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100109978 Arabidopsis thaliana ARP3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- ZUEKXCXHTXJYAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropan-2-yl silicate Chemical compound CC(C)O[Si](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C ZUEKXCXHTXJYAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M155/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M143/00 - C10M153/00
- C10M155/02—Monomer containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
- C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
- C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
- C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/042—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aromatic substituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
- C10M2229/052—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to a method for reducing intake valve deposits in Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI) engines. Also provided is a method for reducing intake valve deposits in a DISI engine by top treating an oil of lubricating viscosity with a lubricating oil additive concentrate.
- DISI Direct Injection Spark Ignition
- DISI direct injection spark ignition
- Such engines inject gasoline, directly into the combustion chamber of the engine, rather than introducing the gasoline indirectly through the intake manifold by means of. for example, carburetors or port fuel injectors. Because the gasoline, is injected directly into the combustion chambers, it enables precise control over the amount of fuel burned and the timing of the injection.
- One disadvantage of this approach is that intake valves of DISI engines are likely to form large amounts of intake valve deposits (“IVD" hereinafter), since there is no gasoline at the site of the intake valves to provide deposit control additives to combat deposits or deposit precursors. These valve deposits interfere with valve operation, reduce the efficiency of the engine, and have a negative impact on driveability.
- Konishi, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2003- 155492 discloses lubricants containing polybutenyi succinimide, dithio zinc phosphate, phenol and/or amine group ash- tree antioxidant and alkaline-earth metal group cleaner, and which do not contain viscosity index improvers.
- Calder U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2004/0198614 discloses a method of reducing intake valve deposits in a direct injection engine, the method comprising lubricating the engine with a lubricating oil composition comprising a base oil mixture, the base oil mixture comprising (i) a Group III, a Group IV oil, or a mixture thereof, in combination with (ii) a synthetic ester oil, the weight ratio of (i) to (ii) being from about 0.2: 1 to about 6: 1 . Colucci et al., U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
- 2004/0231632 discloses a method and combustion system for reducing the formation of intake manifold deposits, such as including intake valve valves, and exhaust valve deposits in combustion engines by delivery of an organomolybdenum source from the vapor phase of an engine lubricant into a combustion chamber.
- U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2.006/0052252 discloses a lubricant composition containing a mixture of at least two Fischer- Tropsch derived base oils and one or more additives wherein one Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil (low viscosity component) has a kinematic viscosity at 100, degree. C. of less than 7 cSt and the second Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil (high viscosity component) has a kinematic viscosity at 100. degree. C. of more than 18 cSi.
- one Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil low viscosity component
- high viscosity component has a kinematic viscosity at 100. degree. C. of more than 18 cSi.
- intake valve deposits are recognized as a problem in DIS1 engines.
- a number of attempts have been made to alleviate tire problem of reducing intake valve deposits in DISI engines.
- One embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method for reducing intake valve deposits in a Direct Injection Spark Ignition engine, the method comprising operating the engine with a lubricating oil composition comprising: (a) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity; and
- foam inhibitor selected from the group consisting of silicon oils, polysiloxanes, polyacrylates, and polymethacrylatcs;
- foam inhibitor is not polyiphenylmetbyi) siloxane; and further wherein the amount of said foam inhibitor in said lubricating oil composition is at an effective concentration to achieve at least 10% reduction in intake valve deposits in said Direct Injection Spark Ignition engine compared to operating the engine with said lubricating oil composition without any foam inhibitor.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method for red ucing intake valve deposits in a Direct Injection Spark Ignition engine, the method comprising:
- foam inhibitor is not poly (phenyl-methyl) siloxane; and further wherein the amount of said foam inhibitor in said top treated lubricating oil composition is at an effective concentration to achieve at least 10% reduction in intake valve deposits in said Direct Injection Spark Ignition engine compared to operating the engine with the lubricating oil of step (a) without any top treatment.
- the lubricating oil composition disclosed herein further comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, antiwear agents, detergents, rust inhibitors, demulsifiers, friction modifiers, extreme pressure agents, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, dispersants, corrosion inhibitors, and combinations thereof.
- top treating means adding the lubricating oil concentrate described herein to the crankcase oil already present in the DISI engine.
- the present invention is based on the surprising discovery that the addition of larger than typical amounts of foam inhibiting additives to lubricants used to lubricate direct injection gasoline engines can substantially decrease the amount of intake valve deposits in said engines.
- the typical amount of foam inhibiting additives used in many lubricants varies from about 5 to about 30 ppmw.
- the increased amount of added foam inhibitor is quite small, and enables a large reduction in IVD deposits without the use of expensive specialty lubricants or base oils such as polyalphaoiefms (Group IV) or ester (Group V) lubricants.
- This finding also enables the aftermarket addition of small amounts of foam inhibitor boosters in gasoline direct injection engines lubricated with conventional lubricants.
- pro vided herein is a method for reducing intake valve deposits in a Direct Injection Spark Ignition engine, the method comprising operating the engine with a lubricating oil composition comprising:
- foam inhibitor selected from the group consisting of silicon oils, polysiloxanes, polyacrylates, and polymethacrylates;
- foam inhibitor is not poly (pheny-lmethyl) siloxane; and further wherein the amount of said foam inhibitor in said lubricating oil composition is at an effective concentration to achieve at least 10% reduction in intake valve deposits in said Direct Injection Spark Ignition engine compared to operating the engine with said lubricating oil composition without any foam inhibitor.
- a method for reducing intake valve deposits in a Direct Injection Spark Ignition engine comprising:
- top treating said lubricating oil with a lubricating oil concentrate comprising least one foam inhibitor selected from the group consisting of silicon oils, polysiloxanes, polyacrylates, and polymethacrylates to therby provide a top treated lubricating oil composition;
- foam inhibitor is not poly (phenyl -methyl) siloxane; and further wherein the amount of said foam inhibitor in said top treated lubricating oil composition is at an effective concentration to achieve at least 10% reduction in intake valve deposits in said Direct Injection Spark Ignition engine compared to operating the engine with the lubricating oil step (a) without any top treatment.
- the Direct Injection Spark Ignition engine is an engine that is equipped with positive crankcase ventilation.
- Positive crankcase ventilation is a method for reducing emissions in an engine in which combustion gases that escape from the combustion chamber past the piston and piston rings into the crankcase (often called “blow-by") are returned through the intake manifold to the combustion chamber, where the re-circulated hydrocarbons are burned.
- the oil of lubricating viscosity for use in the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention also referred to as a base oil. is typically present therein in a major amount, e.g., an amount of greater than 50 wt. %, preferably greater than about 70 wt. %, more preferably from about 80 to about 99,5 wt. % and most preferably from about 85 to about 98 wt. %, based on the total weighi of the composition.
- base oil as used herein shall be understood to mean a base stock or blend of base stocks which is a lubricant component that is produced by a single manufacturer to the same specifications (independent of feed source or manufacturer's location); that meets the same manufacturer's specification; and that is identified by a unique formula, product identification number, or both.
- the base oil for use herein can be any presently known or later-discovered oil of lubricating viscosity used in formulating lubricating oil compositions for any and all such applications, e.g., engine oils, marine cylinder oils, functional fluids such as hydraulic oils, gear oils, transmission fluids, etc.
- the selection of the particular base oil depends on the contemplated application of the lubricant and the presence of other additives.
- the oil of lubricating viscosity useful in the practice of the invention may range in viscosity from light distillate mineral oils to heavy lubricating oils such as gasoline engine oils, mineral lubricating oils and heavy duty diesel oils.
- the base oils for use herein can optionally contain viscosity index improvers, e.g., polymeric alkylmethacrylates; olefinic copolymers, e.g., an ethylene-propylene copolymer or a styrene-butadiene copolymer; and the like and mixtures thereof.
- the lubricating oil compositions of this invention can be prepared by admixing, by conventional techniques, an appropriate amount of the foam inhibitor compounds disclosed herein in an additive concentrate with an oil of lubricating viscosity and conventional lubricating oil additives
- the viscosity of the base oil is dependent upon the application. Accordingly, the viscosity of a base oil for use herein will ordinarily range from about 2 to about 2000 centistokes (cSt) at 100° Centigrade (C). Generally, individually the base oils used as engine oils will have a kinematic viscosity range at 100°C of about 2 cSt to about 30 cSt, preferably about 3 cSt to about 16 cSt, and most preferably about 4 cSt to about 12 cSt and will be selected or blended depending on the desired end use and the additives in the finished oil to give the desired grade of engine oil.
- a lubricating oil composition having an SAE Viscosity Grade of 0W, OW-20, 0W-30, OW-40, 0W-50, OW-60, 5W, 5W-20, 5W-30, 5W-40, 5W-50, 5W-60, 10W, 1 OW-20, 10W-30, 1 OW-40, 10W-50, 15W,
- Oils used as gear oils can have viscosities ranging from about 2 cSi to about 2000 cSt at 100°C.
- Base stocks may be manufactured using a variety of different processes including, but not limited to, distillation, solvent refining, hydrogen processing, oligomerization, esterification, and rerefining. Rerefined stock shall be substantially free from materials introduced through manufacturing, contamination, or previous use.
- the base oil of the lubricating oil compositions of this invention may be any natural or synthetic lubricating base oil.
- Suitable hydrocarbon synthetic oils include, but are not limited to, oils prepared from the polymerization of ethylene or from the polymerization of 1 -olefins to provide polymers such as polyalphaolefm or PAD oils, or from hydrocarbon synthesis procedures using carbon monoxide and hydrogen gases such as in a Fischer- Tropsch process.
- a suitable base oil is one that comprises little, if any, heavy fraction; e.g., little, if any, lube oil fraction of viscosity 20 cSt or higher at 100°C,
- the base oil may be derived from natural lubricating oils, synthetic lubricating oils or mixtures thereof.
- Suitable base oil includes base stocks obtained by isomerization of synthetic wax and slack wax, as well as hydrocracked base stocks produced by hydrocracking (rather than solvent extracting) the aromatic and polar components of the crude.
- Suitable base oils include those in all API categories I, II, III, IV and V as defined in API Publication 1509, 14th Edition, Addendum I, Dec. 1998.
- Group IV base oils are polyalphaolefins (PAO).
- Group V base oils include all other base oils not included in Group I, ⁇ , III, or IV.
- the oil of lubricating viscosity comprises at least 50 wt-% of a Group III basestock.
- the oil of lubricating viscosity comprises at least 50 wt-% of an API Group II basestock.
- the oil of lubricating viscosity comprises at least 50 wt-% of a mixture of Group II and Group III basestocks.
- the oil of lubricating viscosity does not contain either a Group IV or a Group V basestocks.
- the base oil is a mixture of Group II, Group III, and Group IV basestocks.
- Natural oils may also be employed and include mineral lubricating oils such as, for example, liquid petroleum oils, solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffimc-naphthenic types, oils derived from coal or shale, animal oils, vegetable oils (e.g., rapeseed oils, castor oils and lard oil), and the like.
- mineral lubricating oils such as, for example, liquid petroleum oils, solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffimc-naphthenic types, oils derived from coal or shale, animal oils, vegetable oils (e.g., rapeseed oils, castor oils and lard oil), and the like.
- Synthetic lubricating oils may also be employed and include, but are not limited to, hydrocarbon oils and halo-substituted hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and inteipolymerized olefins, e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, chlorinated polybutylenes, poly(l-hexenes), poly(l--octenes), poly(l-decenes), and the like and mixtures thereof; alkylbenzencs such as dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di(2-ethylhexyl)-benzenes, and the like; polyphenyls such as hiphenyls, terphenyis, alkylated polyphenyls, and the like; alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulfides and the
- oils employed include, but are not limited to, oils made by polymerizing olefins of less than 5 carbon atoms such as ethylene, propylene, butylenes, isobutene, pentene, and mixtures thereof. Methods of preparing such polymer oils are well known to those skilled in the art.
- Additional synthetic hydrocarbon oils employed m clude liquid polymers of alpha olefins having the proper viscosity.
- Especially useful synthetic hydrocarbon oils are the hydrogenated liquid oligomers of Q to C 12 alpha olefins such as, for example, l-decene trimer.
- Another class of synthetic lubricating oils include, but are not limited to, alkylene oxide polymers, i.e., homopolymers, interpolymers, and derivatives thereof where the terminal hydroxy, groups have been modified by, for example, esterification or etherification.
- oils are exemplified by the oils prepared through polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, the alkyl and phenyl ethers of these polyoxyalkylene polymers (e.g., methyl poly propylene glycol ether having an average molecular weight of 1,000, diphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 500 to 1000, diethyl ether of polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1 ,000 to 1,500, etc.) or mono- and polycarboxylic esters thereof such as, for example, the acetic esters, mixed C3-C8 fatty acid esters, or the C13 oxo acid diester of tetra ethylene glycol.
- the alkyl and phenyl ethers of these polyoxyalkylene polymers e.g., methyl poly propylene glycol ether having an average molecular weight of 1,000, diphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 500
- Yet another class of synthetic lubricating oils include, but are not limited to, the esters of dicarhoxylie acids e.g., phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acids, alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, flrrnaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, malonic acids, alkyl malonic acids, alkenyl malonic acids, etc., with a variety of alcohols, e.g., butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol, etc.
- dicarhoxylie acids e.g., phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acids, alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic
- esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelaie, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, the 2- ethylhexyl diester of linoleic acid dimer, the complex ester formed by reacting one mole of sebacic acid with two moles of tetraethylene glycol and two moles of 2-elhylhexanoic acid and the like.
- Esters may also be employed as synthetic oils and include, but are not limited to, those made from carboxylic acids having from about 5 to about 12 carbon atoms with alcohols, e.g., methanol, ethanoi, etc., polyols and polyol ethers such as neopeniyl glycol, irimeihvioi propane, pentaerythritoi, dipeniaerythritoi, tripentaerythritol, and the like,
- Silicon-based oils such as, for example, polyalkyl-, polyaryl-, polyalkoxy- or polyaryloxy-siioxane oils and silicate oils, comprise another class of synthetic lubricating oils which may be employed in the present invention.
- tetraethyl silicate examples include, but are not limited to, tetraethyl silicate, tetra-isopropyl silicate, tetra-(2- -ethylhexyl) silicate, tetra-(4- methyl-hexyi) silicate, tetra-(p-tert-butylphenyi) silicate, hexyl-(4-methyl-2-pentoxy) disiloxane, poly (methyl) siloxanes, poly (methylphenyl) siloxanes, and the like.
- the lubricating oil may be derived from unrefined, refined and rerefined oils, either natural , synthetic or mixtures of two or more of any of these of the type disclosed hereinabove.
- Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source (e.g., coal, shale, or tar sands bitumen) without further purification or treatment.
- Examples of unrefined oils include, but are not limited to, a shale oil obtained directly from retorting operations, a petroleum oil obtained directly from distillation or an ester oil obtained directly from an esterification process, each of which is then used without further treatment.
- Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties.
- These purification techniques are known to those of skill in the art and include, for example, solvent extractions, secondary distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration, percolation, hydrotreating, dewaxing, etc.
- Rerefined oils are obtained by treating used oils in processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils.
- Such rerefined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils and often are additionally processed by techniques directed to removal of spent additives and oil breakdown products.
- Lubricating oil base stocks derived from the hydroisomerization of wax may also be used, either alone or in combination with the aforesaid natural and/or synthetic base stocks.
- Such wax isomerate oil is produced by the hydroisomerization of natural or synthetic waxes or mixtures thereof over a hydroisomerization catalyst.
- Natural waxes are typically the slack waxes recovered by the solvent dewaxing of mineral oils; synthetic waxes are typically the wax produced by the Fischer- Tropsch process.
- a foam inhibitor is a lubricant additive that, when added in small amounts to a lubricant, either inhibi ts the formation of foam, accelerates the breaking of foam, or both. At least one foam inhibitor or mixtures thereof is employed in the lubricating oil composition of the presently claimed invention.
- the foam inhibitor employed is selected from the group consisting of silicon oils, polysiloxanes, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, and combinations thereof, provided that the foam inhibitor may not be poly (phenyl -methyl) siloxane.
- the foam inhibitor is a poly dimethyl siloxane.
- the foam inhibitor is a poly (dimethyl, phenyl -methyl) siioxane. In one embodiment, the foam inhibitor is a mixture of poly dimethyl siloxane and poly (dimethyl, phenyl- methyl) siloxane.
- the foam inhibitor is a polymethacrylate.
- the foam inhibitor is a poly (triffuoropropylmethyl) siloxane.
- the amount of the foam inhibitor in the lubricating oil composition may vary from about 30 to about 500 ppmw, or from about 50 to about 500 ppmw, or from about 75 to about 500 ppmw, or from about 100 to about 500 ppmw, or from about 150 to about 500 ppmw, or from about 200 ppmw to about 400 ppmw, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
- the reduction in intake valve deposits is at least 10%, or at least
- the amount of the foam inhibitor in the lubricating oil concentrate may vary from about 0.01 wt.% to about 1 wt.% , from about 0.02 wt.% to about 0.8 wt.%, from about 0.03 wt.% to about 0.7 wt.%, or from about 0.04 wt.% to about 0.6 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil concentrate.
- the foam inhibitor can be conveniently added to the lubricating oil concentrate in the form of a foam inhibitor concentrate, which contains the foam inhibitor and at least one solvent.
- the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention may also contain other conventional additives for imparting auxiliary functions to give a finished lubricating oil composition in which these additives are dispersed or dissolved.
- the lubricating oil compositions can be blended with antioxidants, anti-wear agents, ashless dispersants, detergents, rust inhibitors, dehazing agents, demulsifying agents, metal deactivating agents, friction modifiers, pour point depressants, co-solvents, package compatibiiisers, corrosion- inhibitors, dyes, extreme pressure agents and the like and mixtures thereof.
- antioxidants antioxidants, anti-wear agents, ashless dispersants, detergents, rust inhibitors, dehazing agents, demulsifying agents, metal deactivating agents, friction modifiers, pour point depressants, co-solvents, package compatibiiisers, corrosion- inhibitors, dyes, extreme pressure agents and the like and mixtures thereof.
- additives are known and commercially available. These additives, or their analogous compounds,
- antioxidants include, but are not limited to, aminic types, e.g., diphenyiamine, phenyl-alpha-napthyl-amine, N,N-di(alkylphenyl) amines; and alkylated phenylene-diamines; phenolics such as, for example, BHT, sterically hindered alkyl phenols such as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(2-octyl-3- propanoic) phenol; and mixtures thereof.
- aminic types e.g., diphenyiamine, phenyl-alpha-napthyl-amine, N,N-di(alkylphenyl) amines
- alkylated phenylene-diamines alkylated phenylene-diamines
- antiwear agents include, but are not limited to, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates and zinc diaryldithiophosphates, e.g., those described in an article by Born et al, entitled “Relationship between Chemical Structure and Effectiveness of some Metallic Dialkyl- and Diaryi-dithiophosphates in Different Lubricated Mechanisms", appearing in Lubrication Science 4-2 January 1992, see for example pages 97-100; aryl phosphates and phosphites, sulfur- containing esters, phosphosulfur compounds, metal or ash-free dithioearhamates, xanthates, alkyl sulfides and the like and mixtures thereof.
- ashless dispersants include, but are not limited to, amines, alcohols, amides, or ester polar moieties attached to the polymer backbones via bridging groups.
- An ashless dispersant of the present invention may be, for example, selected from oil soluble salts, esters, amino-esters, amides, imides, and oxazolines of long chain hydrocarbon substituted mono and dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides; thiocarboxylate derivatives of long chain hydrocarbons, long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons having a polyamine attached directly thereto; and Mamiich condensation products formed by condensing a long chain substituted phenol with formaldehyde and poiyaikyiene polyamine.
- Carboxylic dispersants are reaction products of carboxylic acylating agents (acids, anhydrides, esters, etc.) comprising at least about 34 and preferably at least about 54 carbon atoms with nitrogen containing compounds (such as amines), organic hydroxy compounds (such as aliphatic compounds including monohydric and polyhydric alcohols, or aromatic compounds including phenols and naphthols), and/or basic inorganic materials. These reaction products include imides, amides, and esters. Succinimide dispersants are a type of carboxylic dispersant.
- succinic acylating agent refers to a hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acid or a succinic acid-producing compound, the latter encompasses the acid itself.
- Such materials typically include hydrocarbyl- substituted succinic acids, anhydrides, esters (including half esters) and halides.
- suceinic-based dispersants have a wide variety of chemical structures.
- One class of suceinic-based dispersants may be represented by the formula:
- each R 1 is independently a hydrocarbyl group, such as a polyolefin-derived group.
- the hydrocarbyl group is an alkyl group, such as a polyisobutyl group.
- the R ! groups can contain about 40 to about 500 carbon atoms, and these atoms may be present in aliphatic forms.
- R" is an alkylene group, commonly an ethylene (C 2 H4) group.
- succinimide dispersants include those described in, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 3,172,892, 4,234,435 and 6, 165,235.
- the polyalkenes from which the substituent groups are derived are typically homopolymers and interpolymers of polymerizable olefin monomers of 2 to about 16 carbon atoms, and usually 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the amines which are reacted with the succinic acylating agents to form the carboxylic dispersant composition can be monoamines or polyamines.
- Succimmide dispersants are referred to as such since they normally contain nitrogen largely in the form of imide functionality, although the amide functionality may be in the form of amine salts, amides, imidazolines as well as mixtures thereof.
- a succinimide dispersant one or more succinic acid-producing compounds and one or more amines are heated and typically water is removed, optionally in the presence of a substantially inert organic liquid solvent/diluent.
- the reaction temperature can range from about 80°C up to the decomposition temperature of the mixture or the product, which typically falls between about 100°C to about
- Suitable ashless dispersants may also include amine dispersants, which are reaction products of relatively nigh molecular weight aliphatic nalides and amines, preferably poly alky lene polyamines.
- amine dispersants include those described in, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 3,275,554, 3,438,757, 3,454,555 and 3,565,804.
- Suitable ashless dispersants may further include "Mannicn dispersants," which are reaction products of alkyl phenols in which the alkyl group contains at least about 30 carbon atoms with aldehydes (especially formaldehyde) and amines (especially polyalkyiene polyamines). Examples of such dispersants include those described in, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 3,036,003, 3,586,629. 3,591,598 and 3,980,569.
- Suitable ashless dispersants may also be post-treated ashless dispersants such as post-treated succinimides, e.g., post-treatment processes involving borate or ethylene carbonate as disclosed in, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,612,132 and 4,746,446; and the like as well as other post-treatment processes.
- the carbonate -treated aikenyl succinimide is a polybutene succimmide derived from polybutenes having a molecular weight of about 450 to about 3000, preferably from about 900 to about 2500, more preferably from about 1300 to about 2400, and most preferably from about 2000 to about 2400, as well as mixtures of these molecular weights.
- it is prepared by reacting, under reactive conditions, a mixture of a polybutene succinic acid derivative, an unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer of an unsaturated acidic reagent and an olefin, and a polyamine, such as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,716,912, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- Suitable ashless dispersants may also be polymeric, which are interpolymers of oil- sol ubilizing monomers such as decyl methacrylate, vinyl decyl ether and high molecular weight olefins with monomers containing polar substitutes.
- polymeric dispersants include those described in, for example, U.S. Patent Mos. 3,329,658; 3,449,250 and 3,666,730.
- an ashless dispersant for use in the lubricating oil composition is a bis-succinimide derived from a polyisobutenyl group having a number average molecular weight of about 700 to about 2300.
- the dispersant(s) for use in the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention are preferably non-polymeric (e g., are mono- or bis-succinimides).
- the one or more ashless dispersants are present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
- metal detergents include sulphonates, alkylphenates, sulfurized alkyl phenates, carboxylates, salicylates, phosphonates, and phosphinates.
- Commercial products are generally referred to as neutral or overbased.
- Overbased metal detergents are generally produced by carbonating a mixture of hydrocarbons, detergent acid, for example: sulfonic acid, alkylphenol, carboxylate etc., metal oxide or hydroxides (for example calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide) and promoters such as xylene, methanol and water.
- detergent acid for example: sulfonic acid, alkylphenol, carboxylate etc.
- metal oxide or hydroxides for example calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide
- promoters such as xylene, methanol and water.
- the calcium oxide or hydroxide reacts with the gaseous carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate.
- the sulfonic acid is neutralized with an excess of CaO or Ca(OH) 2 . to form the
- Metal- containing or ash-forming detergents function as both detergents to reduce or remove deposits and as acid neutralizes or rust inhibitors, thereby reducing wear and corrosion and extending engine life.
- Detergents generally comprise a polar head with a long hydrophobic tail.
- the polar head comprises a metal salt of an acidic organic compound.
- the salts may contain a substantially stoichiometric amount of the metal in which case they are usually described as normal or neutral salts, and would typically have a total base number or TBN (as can be measured by ASTM D2896) of from 0 to about 80.
- a large amount of a metal base may be incorporated by reacting excess metal compound (e.g., an oxide or hydroxide) with an acidic gas (e.g., carbon dioxide).
- the resulting overbased detergent comprises neutralized detergent as the outer layer of a metal base (e.g., carbonate) micelle.
- Such overbased detergents may have a TBN of about 150 or greater, and typically will have a TBN of from about 250 to about 450 or more.
- Detergents that may be used include oil-soluble neutral and overbased sulfonates, phenates, sulfurized phenates, thiophosphonates, salicylates, and naphthenates and other oil- soluble carboxylates of a metal, particularly the alkali or alkaline earth metals, e.g., barium, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, and magnesium.
- a metal particularly the alkali or alkaline earth metals, e.g., barium, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, and magnesium.
- the most commonly used metals are calcium and magnesium, which may both be present in detergents used in a lubricant, and mixtures of calcium and/or magnesium with sodium.
- Particularly convenient metal detergents are neutral and overbased calcium sulfonates having TBN of from about 20 to about 450, neutral and overbased calcium phenates and sulfurized phenates having TBN of from about 50 to about 450 and neutral and overbased magnesium or calcium salicylates having a TBN of from about 20 to about 450. Combinations of detergents, whether overbased or neutral or both, may be used.
- the detergent can be one or more alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of an alkyl-substituted hydroxy aromatic carboxylic acid.
- Suitable hydroxyaromatic compounds include mononuclear monohydroxy and polyhydroxy aromatic hydrocarbons having I to 4, and preferably 1 to 3, hydroxy! groups.
- Suitable hydroxyaromatic compounds include phenol, catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, cresol, and the like.
- the preferred hydroxyaromatic compound is phenol.
- the alkyl substituted moiety of the alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an alkyl- substituted hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acid is derived from an alpha olefin having from about 10 to about 80 carbon atoms.
- the olefins employed may be linear, isomerized linear, branched or partially branched linear.
- the olefin may be a mixture of linear olefins, a mixture of isomerized linear olefins, a mixture of branched olefins, a mixture of partially branched linear or a mixture of any of the foregoing.
- the mixture of linear olefins that may be used is a mixture of normal alpha olefins selected from olefins having from about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms per molecule.
- the normal alpha olefins are isomerized using at least one of a solid or liquid catalyst.
- the olefins are a branched olefinic propylene oligomer or mixture thereof having from about 20 to about 80 carbon atoms, i.e., branched chain olefins derived from the polymerization of propylene.
- the olefins may also be substituted with other functional groups, such as hydroxy groups, carboxylic acid groups, heteroatoms, and the like.
- the branched olefinic propylene oligomer or mixtures thereof have from about 20 to about 60 carbon atoms.
- the branched olefinic propylene oligomer or mixtures thereof have from about 20 to about 40 carbon atoms.
- At least about 75 mole% e.g., at least about 80 mole%, at least about
- alkyl groups contained within the alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acid such as the alkyl groups of an alkaline earth metal salt of an alkyl-substituted hydroxybenzoic acid detergent are a Cjo or higher.
- the alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acid is an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an alkyl-substituted hydroxybenzoic acid that is derived from an alkyi-substituted hydroxybenzoie acid in which the alkyl groups are the residue of normal alpha-olefms containing at least 75 mole% C3 ⁇ 4o or higher normal alpha- olefins.
- At least about 50 mole % (e.g., at least about 60 mole %, at least about 70 mole %, at least about 80 mole %, at least about 85 mole %, at least about 90 mole %, at least about 95 mole %, or at least about 99 mole %) of the alkyl groups contained within the alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an alkyi-substituted hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acid such as the alkyl groups of an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an alkyi-substituted hydroxybenzoie acid are about CM to about C
- the resulting alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an alkyi-substituted hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acid will be a mixture of ortho and para isomers.
- the product will. contain about 1 to 99% ortho isomer and 99 to 1% para isomer, in another embodiment, the product will contain about 5 to 70% ortho and 95 to 30% para isomer.
- the alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of an alkyi-substituted hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acid can be neutral, or overbased.
- an overbased alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an alkyi-substituted hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acid is one in which the BN of the alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of an alkyi-substituted hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acid has been increased by a process such as the addition of a base source (e.g., lime) and an acidic overbasing compound (e.g., carbon dioxide).
- a base source e.g., lime
- an acidic overbasing compound e.g., carbon dioxide
- Overbased salts may be low overbased, e.g., an overbased salt having a BN below about 100.
- the BN of a low overbased salt may be from about 5 to about 50.
- the BN of a low overbased salt may be from about. 10 to about. 30.
- the BN of a low overbased salt may be from about 15 to about 20.
- Overbased detergents may be medium overbased, e.g., an overbased salt having a BN from about 100 to about 250.
- the BN of a medium overbased salt may be from about 100 to about 200.
- the BN of a medium overbased salt may be from about 125 to about 1 75.
- Overbased detergents may be high overbased, e.g., an overbased salt having a BN above about 250.
- the BIN of a high overbased salt may be from about 250 to about 450.
- Sulfonates may be prepared from sulfonic acids which are typically obtained by the suifonation of alkyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons such as those obtained from the fractionation of petroleum or by the alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Examples included those obtained by alkylating benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, diphenyl or their halogen derivatives.
- the alkylation may be carried out in the presence of a catalyst with alkylating agents having from about 3 to more than 70 carbon atoms.
- the alkaryl sulfonates usually contain from about 9 to about 80 or more carbon atoms, preferably from about 16 to about 60 carbon atoms per alkyl substituted aromatic moiety.
- the oil soluble sulfonates or alkaryl sulfonic acids may be neutralized with oxides, hydroxides, alkoxides, carbonates, carboxylate, sulfides, hydrosulfides, nitrates, borates and ethers of tire metal.
- the amount of metal compound is chosen having regard to the desired ⁇ of the final product but typically ranges from about 100 to about 220 wt. % (preferably at least about 125 wt. %) of that stoichiometrically required.
- Metal salts of phenols and sulfurized phenols are prepared by reaction with an appropriate metal compound such as an oxide or hydroxide and neutral or overbased products may be obtained by methods well known in the art.
- Sulfurized phenols may be prepared by reacting a phenol with sulfur or a sulfur containing compound such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur monohalide or sulfur dihalide, to form products which are generally mixtures of compounds in which 2 or more phenols are bridged by sulfur containing bridges.
- the one or more detergents are present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt % to about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
- rust inhibitors include, but are not limited to, nonionic polyoxyalkylene agents, e.g., poly oxy ethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene higher alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene octyl stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene sorbitol monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, and polyethylene glycol monooleate; stearic acid and other fatty acids; dicarboxylic acids; metal soaps; fatty acid amine salts; metal salts of heavy sulfonic acid; partial carboxylic acid ester of polyhydric alcohol; phosphoric esters; (short-chain) alkenyl succinic acids; partial esters thereof and nitrogen-containing derivatives thereof; synthetic alkaryisulfonates, e.g., metal dinonylnaphthalene sulf
- friction modifiers include, but are not limited to, alkoxylated fatty amines; borated fatty epoxides; fatty phosphites, fatty epoxides, fatty amines, borated alkoxylated fatty amines, metal salts of fatty acids, fatty acid amides, glycerol esters, borated glycerol esters; and fatty imidazolines as disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
- friction modifiers obtained from a reaction product of a C4 to C 75 , preferably a Ce to C?.4, and most preferably a C 6 to C 20 fatty acid ester and a nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, and an alkanolamine and the like and mixtures thereof.
- a pour point depressant examples include, but are not limited to, poiymethacrylates, alkyl acrylate polymers, alkyl methacrylate polymers, di(tetra-paraffiri phenol)phthalate, condensates of tetra-paraffin phenol, condensates of a chlorinated paraffin with naphthalene and combinations thereof.
- a pour point depressant comprises an ethylene- vinyl acetate copolymer, a condensate of chlorinated paraffin and phenol, polyalkyl styrene and the like and combinations thereof.
- the amount of the pour point depressant may vary from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. %.
- Examples of a demuisifier include, but are not limited to, anionic surfactants (e.g., alkyl- naphthalene sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates and the like), nonionic alkoxylated alkylphenol resins, polymers of alkylene oxides (e.g., polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, block copolymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and the like), esters of oil soluble acids, polyoxyethylene sorbitan ester and the like and combinations thereof.
- the amount of the demuisifier may vary from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. %.
- Examples of a corrosion inhibitor include, but are not limited to, half esters or amides of dodecylsuccinic acid, phosphate esters, thiophosphates, alkyl imidazolines, sarcosines and the like and combinations thereof.
- the amount of the corrosion inhibitor may vary from about 0.01 wt. % to about 5 wt. %.
- an extreme pressure agent examples include, but are not limited to, sulfurized animal or vegetable fats or oils, sulfurized animal or vegetable fatty acid esters, fully or partially esterified esters of trivalent or pentavalent acids of phosphorus, sulfurized olefms, dihydrocarbyl polysulfides, sulfurized Diels-Alder adducts, sulfurized dicyclopentadiene, sulfurized or co- sulfurized mixtures of fatty acid esters and monounsaturated olefins, co-sulfurized blends of fatty acid, fatty acid ester and alpha-olefin, functionally-substituted dihydrocarbyl polysulfides, thia- aldehydes, thia-ketones, epithio compounds, sulfur-containing acetai derivatives, co- sulfurized blends of terpene and acyclic olefins, and polysulfide olefin products, amine salts of phospho
- each of the foregoing additives when used, is used at a functionally effective amount to impart the desired properties to the lubricant.
- a functionally effective amount of this friction modifier would be an amount sufficient to impart the desired friction modifying characteristics to the lubricant.
- the concentration of each of these additives, when used may range, unless otherwise specified, from about 0,001% to about 20% by weight, and in one embodiment about 0.01 % to about 10% by weight based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
- the lubricating oil additives of the present invention may be provided as an additive package or concentrate in which the additives are incorporated into a substantially inert, normally liquid organic diluent such as, for example, mineral oil, naphtha, benzene, toluene or xylene to form an additive concentrate.
- a substantially inert, normally liquid organic diluent such as, for example, mineral oil, naphtha, benzene, toluene or xylene to form an additive concentrate.
- Lubricating oil concentrates are also contemplated herein. These concentrates usually include at least from about 90 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, or from about 80 wt. % to about 20 wt. %, or from about 70 wt. % to about 30 wt. %, or from about 60 wt. % to about 40 wt. % of a diluent oil, and from about 10 wt. % to about 90 wt. %, or from about 20 wt. % to about 80 wt. %, or from about 30 wt, % to about 70 wt, %, or from about 40 wt. % to about 60 wt.
- the concentrates contain sufficient diluent to make them easy to handle during shipping and storage.
- Suitable diluents for the concentrates include any inert diluent, preferably an oil of lubricating viscosity, so that the concentrate may be readily mixed with lubricating oils to prepare lubricating oil compositions.
- Suitable lubricating oils that may be used as diluents typically have viscosity in the range from about 35 to about 500 Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) at 100 F (38 ° C), although any oil of lubricating viscosity may be used.
- additives can be admixed with the foregoing lubricating oil concentrate to enhance performance.
- additives include, but are not limited to antioxidants, antiwear agents, detergents, rust inhibitors, demulsifters, friction modifiers, extreme pressure agents, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, dispersants, corrosion inhibitors, and the like, at the usual levels in accordance with well known practice.
- the foam inhibitors of the present invention may be employed as a top treatment for crankcase lubricants employed in DISI engines.
- the top treatment lubricating oil concentrate may be added at from about 0.01 to 5% by weight to the oil, or from about 0.5 to about 2% by weight to the oil, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.
- the top treatment lubricating oil concentrate is added to the original DISI engine lubricating oil composition in an amount such that the final concentration of the foam inhibitor of the present invention is between 150 and 500 ppmw, and preferably between 200 and 400 ppmw, based on the total weight of the lubricant oil composition in the engine.
- the addition of the top treatment lubricating oil concentrate results in at least a 10% reduction in IVD compared to operating the engine with a lubricating oil without any top treatment lubricating oil concentrate.
- the addition of the top treatment lubricating oil concentrate results in at least a 20% reduction in IVD compared to operating the engine with a lubricating oil without any top treatment lubricating oil concentrate.
- the addition of the top treatment lubricating oil concentrate results in at least a 30% reduction in IVD compared to operating the engine with a lubricating oil without any top treatment lubricating oil concentrate.
- the addition of the top treatment lubricating oil concentrate results in at least a 40% reduction in IVD compared to operating the engine with a lubricating oil without any top treatment lubricating oil concentrate.
- the addition of the top treatment lubricating oil concentrate results in at least a 50% reduction in IVD compared to operating the engine with a lubricating oil without any top treatment lubricating oil concentrate.
- the lubricating oil compositions of Examples 1 and 2 below were evaluated using the 200 i Mitsubishi 1.8L DISI 212 hour Intake Valve Deposit Test ( "Mitsubishi IVD Test"), described hereinafter.
- the 2001 Mitsubishi I .8L DISI engine used in this procedure is mounted on an engine stand and connected to a dynamometer with load and speed control.
- the Mitsubishi DISI engine is a wall guided engine with capability to run both homogenous and lean-stratified combustion. For carrying out the tests described herein, the engine was run on a lean-stratified combustion mode.
- the engine is first flushed with the oil to be tested,re filled with test oil, and then operated for 30 minutes running at the test cycle.
- the engine is then stopped, the oil drained, and a fresh sample of test oil is added to the engine.
- the 212 far test is then started, which consists of approximately 636 repeats of the test cycle.
- the engine is operated for 1 minute at idle speed (750 +- 150 rpm) and no load, followed by 19 minutes of operation at low load (20.0 N/m) and low speed (1400 +- 10 rpm).
- the engine is stopped, and the oil level checked, and if necessary additional test oil is added to the fail mark.
- the engine head is removed and the intake valves as well as the combustion chamber are rated for the deposit weights.
- the eight intake valves (two per cylinder) in the engine are rinsed using hexane and weighed. Intake valves are weighed before and after the test and the difference in weight represent the weight of the deposit accumulated during the test.
- Foam Inhibitor A was a poly (phenyl-methyl) siloxane; B a mixture of poly dimethyl siloxane and poly (dimethyLphenyl-methyl) siloxane; C a polymethaerylate; D a poly (trifluoropropylmethyl) siloxane; and E a poly (dimethyl,phenyl- methyl) siloxane.
- the results are shown in Table 1 below.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/916,195 US20120108476A1 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2010-10-29 | Lubricating oil compositions |
PCT/US2011/056179 WO2012058012A2 (fr) | 2010-10-29 | 2011-10-13 | Compositions d'huile lubrifiante |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2633012A2 true EP2633012A2 (fr) | 2013-09-04 |
EP2633012A4 EP2633012A4 (fr) | 2014-07-23 |
EP2633012B1 EP2633012B1 (fr) | 2017-01-04 |
Family
ID=45994651
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP11836848.9A Active EP2633012B1 (fr) | 2010-10-29 | 2011-10-13 | Utilisation et méthode pour réduire les dépôts dans les soupapes d'admission d'un moteur |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20120108476A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2633012B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5828597B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN103201364B (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2816055C (fr) |
SG (1) | SG189464A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2012058012A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (10)
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CN103508907A (zh) * | 2012-06-21 | 2014-01-15 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种甲醛缩合型烷基酚盐清净剂的制备方法 |
US20140020645A1 (en) * | 2012-07-18 | 2014-01-23 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Lubricant compositions for direct injection engines |
EP2911760A1 (fr) * | 2012-10-24 | 2015-09-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Compositions anti-mousse contenant des polyorganosiliciums porteurs de groupes aryle |
WO2014066309A1 (fr) * | 2012-10-24 | 2014-05-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Compositions anti-mousse contenant des polyorganosiliciums partiellement porteurs de groupes phényle |
CN104232246B (zh) * | 2013-06-07 | 2017-02-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种润滑油复合型抗泡剂及其应用 |
JP6235864B2 (ja) * | 2013-10-30 | 2017-11-22 | 出光興産株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
US20160272915A1 (en) | 2015-03-18 | 2016-09-22 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricant compositions for direct injection engines |
EP4194530A1 (fr) | 2015-03-25 | 2023-06-14 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Utilisation de compositions lubrifiantes pour moteurs à injection directe |
CN111164191A (zh) * | 2017-10-20 | 2020-05-15 | 雪佛龙日本有限公司 | 低粘度润滑油组合物 |
CA3106593C (fr) | 2020-01-29 | 2023-12-19 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Formulations de lubrifiant ayant des composes a teneur en silicium |
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US7134427B2 (en) * | 2003-05-22 | 2006-11-14 | Afton Chemical Intangibles Llc | Delivery of organomolybdenum via vapor phase from a lubricant source into a fuel combustion system |
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CN1034670C (zh) * | 1994-01-06 | 1997-04-23 | 王学绍 | 一种制备节能润滑油的方法 |
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2011
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- 2011-10-13 EP EP11836848.9A patent/EP2633012B1/fr active Active
- 2011-10-13 CA CA2816055A patent/CA2816055C/fr active Active
- 2011-10-13 WO PCT/US2011/056179 patent/WO2012058012A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2011-10-13 JP JP2013536654A patent/JP5828597B2/ja active Active
- 2011-10-13 SG SG2013029608A patent/SG189464A1/en unknown
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EP0524783A1 (fr) * | 1991-07-23 | 1993-01-27 | Oceanfloor Limited | Utilisation de compositions d'huile lubrifiante |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2012058012A3 (fr) | 2012-07-19 |
JP2013540878A (ja) | 2013-11-07 |
CN103201364B (zh) | 2016-09-14 |
EP2633012B1 (fr) | 2017-01-04 |
JP5828597B2 (ja) | 2015-12-09 |
WO2012058012A2 (fr) | 2012-05-03 |
CN103201364A (zh) | 2013-07-10 |
SG189464A1 (en) | 2013-05-31 |
CA2816055A1 (fr) | 2012-05-03 |
CA2816055C (fr) | 2018-08-28 |
EP2633012A4 (fr) | 2014-07-23 |
US20120108476A1 (en) | 2012-05-03 |
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