EP2625673B1 - Procédé pour contrôler un signe de sécurité optique d'un document de valeur - Google Patents

Procédé pour contrôler un signe de sécurité optique d'un document de valeur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2625673B1
EP2625673B1 EP11769788.8A EP11769788A EP2625673B1 EP 2625673 B1 EP2625673 B1 EP 2625673B1 EP 11769788 A EP11769788 A EP 11769788A EP 2625673 B1 EP2625673 B1 EP 2625673B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pixel data
value
security feature
prescribed
scatter
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EP11769788.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2625673A2 (fr
Inventor
Shanchuan Su
Norbert Holl
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Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
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Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/20—Testing patterns thereon
    • G07D7/202—Testing patterns thereon using pattern matching
    • G07D7/2041—Matching statistical distributions, e.g. of particle sizes orientations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G07D7/1205—Testing spectral properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/20—Testing patterns thereon
    • G07D7/202—Testing patterns thereon using pattern matching
    • G07D7/205—Matching spectral properties

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for checking an optical security feature in or on a section of a value document based on pixel data of an image of the section, a method for checking an optical security feature of a value document and a device for checking an optical security feature of a value document.
  • documents of value are understood to mean card-shaped and preferably sheet-shaped objects that represent, for example, a monetary value or an authorization and should therefore not be able to be produced by unauthorized persons at will. They therefore have security features that are not easy to manufacture, in particular to be copied, the presence of which is an indication of authenticity, i.e. production by an authorized body is important examples of such documents of value are identification documents, chip cards, coupons, vouchers, checks and, in particular, bank notes.
  • optical security features which in the context of the present invention are understood to be security features of a document of value which have characteristic optical properties when interacting with optical radiation, i.e. electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, ultraviolet or visible spectral range.
  • optical radiation i.e. electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, ultraviolet or visible spectral range.
  • the optical properties can in particular be remission and / or transmission and / or luminescence properties.
  • security features also referred to below as human features
  • security features are intended to be able to be checked for authenticity without technical aids.
  • Examples of such security features are in particular so-called OVD features, among which im
  • OVD features show viewing angle-dependent visual effects or whose optical properties, for example the color, depend on the viewing angle.
  • Such security features can give a viewer a different image impression from different viewing angles and, for example, show a different color or brightness impression and / or a different graphic motif depending on the viewing angle.
  • US 2005/0100204 A1 describes methods and apparatus for authenticating various substrates including paper-based substrates such as banknotes. Techniques for using security features to generate security codes are disclosed. The security codes are decrypted with a device which has a color recognition subsystem which allows the authenticity of the substrate with the security feature to be verified.
  • the scheme uses a color look-up table to detect a characteristic color or colors of frequently forged documents and changes the characteristic color in the copies when a more detailed second check verifies that a forgery is attempted to be printed.
  • a conventional test for forged documents can be used as a second (or higher) test.
  • a particularly effective second stage detector characterizes a suspicious pattern by means of the size of the suspicious area and the frequency of the change between foreground and background colors.
  • the EP 1 990 779 A2 relates to a method for checking a security feature for documents of value, in which, using a coherent light beam, a speculum pattern is generated as a function of the angle and is subjected to a statistical checking procedure.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of specifying methods for checking optical security features, namely OVD security features of documents of value, which allow precise checking, as well as creating means for carrying out the method.
  • the object is achieved in particular firstly by a method for computer-aided checking of a predetermined optical security feature in or on a predetermined section of a value document on the basis of pixel data of pixels of a spatially resolved image of the specified section, which are each assigned to locations in or on the section and reproduce optical properties of the document of value at the locations, the pixel data for each pixel or location having components that Reflect reflection or transmission properties in at least two, preferably at least three different wavelength ranges, preferably within the visible spectral range, or reproduce colors, the security feature being an OVD security feature, which is preferably an optically variable printing ink or a surface structure which has an optically variable effect .
  • the method checks whether a first number of those pixels or a first proportion of those pixels in the pixels of the image the pixel data of which, according to a first criterion specified for the security feature, lie within a first reference range specified for the security feature for the pixel data, exceeds a first minimum hit value specified for the security feature, and whether there is a scatter in the pixel data of those pixels which, according to the first criterion, lie within the first reference range , exceeds a first minimum scatter value specified for the security feature, and depending on the result of the check, an authenticity signal is formed which only represents an authenticity indicator if, according to the authenticity criterion, ie according to the first criterion, the first number or the first portion is the first Hit minimum and the dispersion exceed the first dispersion minimum.
  • the object is achieved by a method for checking a specified optical security feature in or on a specified section of a value document, the security feature being an OVD security feature, which is preferably an optically variable printing ink or a surface structure which has an optically variable effect, wherein, in the method for capturing an image of the predetermined section, the value document is illuminated with optical radiation from an optical radiation source and radiation emanating from the value document is captured with a capturing device, depending on the captured radiation, pixel data from pixels of the image which are located in or in each case. are assigned on the section and reproduce optical properties of the document of value at the locations, are formed and in which a method according to one of Claims 1 to 12 is carried out, in which the pixel data formed are used as pixel data.
  • a method for checking a specified optical security feature in or on a specified section of a value document the security feature being an OVD security feature, which is preferably an optically variable printing ink or a surface structure which has an optically variable effect
  • the value document is illuminate
  • pixel data of pixels of an image of the predetermined section of a value document are used, in or on which the security feature is formed in the case of a genuine value document.
  • the location and the shape of the section can therefore be based on the position of the security feature on a real value document or the shape of the security feature.
  • the section can in particular be specified for a specific type of value document to be checked, in the case of bank notes in particular a currency and denomination or denomination of the bank notes, and the specified security feature to be checked.
  • the section can be given, for example, by the area of the security feature or only a predetermined part of the area occupied by the security feature.
  • the image can in particular be a partial image of an overall image of the entire document of value.
  • the pixel data of a respective pixel reproduce optical properties at a location assigned to the respective pixel in the section of the value document.
  • the pixel data for a respective pixel have several components that represent different optical properties.
  • Two sub-tests are used to check the security feature: On the one hand, it is checked whether the pixel data lie within the first reference area that is specified for the security feature.
  • the predefined first criterion for the pixel data is used, by means of which the position of the pixel data in relation to the first reference area can be determined. It is thus checked whether the optical properties of the examined section of the value document are within predetermined limits that are predetermined for the security feature.
  • the authenticity signal is then generated as a function of the result of the test.
  • a data signal for example through its shape or its level, this reproduces, in particular, its content or shows whether or not the check revealed an indication of authenticity.
  • it only represents an indication of authenticity if the first number or the first portion exceeds the first minimum hit value and the scatter exceeds the first minimum scatter value.
  • the authenticity signal can be used for immediate further processing or for storing an authenticity indication or, if it is missing, in a memory device.
  • the authenticity indication can be used solely as a criterion for the authenticity in the further examination of the security feature or value document, so that the security feature or value document is classified as genuine when the authenticity indication is present.
  • the authenticity signal is also possible for the authenticity signal to be combined with other authenticity signals in an overall criterion; then the authenticity reference is possibly only used as a necessary criterion or necessary condition for authenticity or its absence as a condition for the presence of a forgery
  • the number of pixels in the image only needs to be greater than 5, it is preferably greater than 48, so that the proportion or number of pixels in the first reference area and their scatter therein are also meaningful.
  • the security feature in the method is an OVD security feature, i.e. the method is used to check OVD security features.
  • the security feature is an OVD security feature that can be obtained by printing with a printing ink with pigments whose reflectance properties are influenced by the direction of incidence of optical radiation on a particular pigment particle.
  • Such printing inks are also referred to as “optically variable inks”, hereinafter also referred to as “optically variable printing inks.”
  • a security feature with optically variable printing inks also referred to as an OVI feature, is also understood in particular to be a security feature that uses a printing ink is printed containing pigments, the color of which depends on the direction of illumination and the direction of detection or observation.
  • the security feature is a surface structure embodied in the value document, in particular an embossed structure, with a print embodied on certain flanks of the surface structure or embossed structure, which has an optically variable effect.
  • an optically variable effect is understood to mean an effect in which predetermined optical properties of a structure or of a security feature depend on the direction from which this or this is viewed and / or the direction from which the structure or the Safety feature illuminated for viewing will depend; in particular, the optical properties can be colors.
  • Such surface structures in the form of embossed structures are in the applications WO 97/17211 A1 , WO 02/20280 A1 , WO 2004/022355 A2 , WO 2006/018232 A1 described by the applicant.
  • the surface structure preferably an embossed structure, preferably has curved or angled embossed structural elements in the section which result in a distribution of the optical properties that is difficult to falsify.
  • the test is computer-assisted using a suitable device;
  • “computer-aided testing” is understood to mean any testing with a computer.
  • a computer is generally understood to mean a data processing device which processes the pixel data.
  • the data processing device can comprise an FPGA, a microcontroller or microprocessor, in particular also a DSP, or a combination of these components or can only have one of these components.
  • it can comprise a memory in which a program is stored, the first method according to the invention is carried out when it is executed on the computer.
  • the invention therefore also relates to a computer program with program code means in order to carry out the first method according to the invention when the program is executed on a computer.
  • the invention also relates to a computer program product with program code means which are stored on a computer-readable data carrier in order to carry out the first method according to the invention when the computer program product is executed on a computer.
  • the authenticity signal can then be formed in such a way that it only represents the indication of authenticity if, in addition, the second number or the second portion exceeds the second minimum hit value.
  • the authenticity signal can then be formed in such a way that it only represents the authenticity indication if, in addition, the dispersion of the pixel data in the second reference area exceeds the second minimum dispersion value.
  • the pixel data can in principle reproduce any optical properties and for this purpose have a corresponding number of components for each location that represent the optical properties. Though the number the components is in principle not restricted, it is preferably below six.
  • the pixel data for one pixel or one location each have components which reproduce reflectance or transmission properties in at least two, preferably three different wavelength ranges, preferably within the visible spectral range, or at least two, preferably three colors.
  • the illumination with optical radiation and the detection of radiation can take place in such a way that the pixel data for one pixel or one location each have the components mentioned.
  • the pixel data need not have any other components apart from color components in a three-dimensional color space. This allows the test to be carried out quickly.
  • the pixel data for one pixel or one location each have components that reflect remission and / or transmission properties in at least two, preferably at least three different wavelength ranges within the visible spectral range or at least two, preferably at least three colors and remission and / or or represent transmission properties in a further wavelength range at least partially outside the visible spectral range, preferably in the infrared spectral range.
  • the illumination with optical radiation and the detection of radiation can take place in such a way that the pixel data for one pixel or one location each have the components mentioned.
  • the use of such pixel data allows, in particular, a check of security features that are also characterized by characteristic properties in the non-visible optical spectral range.
  • the at least two or, better still, three color components are preferably used here as well.
  • the pixel data need not have any further components apart from color components in a two- or three-dimensional color space and a component for the optical properties in the non-visible spectral range. This allows the test to be carried out quickly.
  • color values in any color space can in principle be used as color data.
  • an RGB or HSI color space can be used as the color space.
  • those pixel data that represent properties in the visible spectral range or color values are transformed into a device-independent color space, preferably a Lab or Luv color space, particularly preferably a CIE Lab or CIE Luv color space, before testing, insofar as they are do not already exist in such a color space, or pixel data in a device-independent color space, preferably a Lab or Luv color space, are used as pixel data which represent properties in the visible spectral range or color values.
  • this offers the advantage that a particularly simple adaptation of the method to different sensors, by means of which the pixel data are recorded, is made possible; on the other hand, the first or the second criterion can be determined more easily.
  • a hit score can be determined, for example, which shows the number of those pixels of the image or the proportion of those pixels of the image which, according to the criterion specified for the security feature, lie in at least one reference area for the pixel data specified for the security feature.
  • the hit rate can be given by the proportion or the number or a monotonic function of the proportion or the number in the range of the expected values of the proportion or the number. In particular, for a given resolution of the image, the proportion will be proportional to the number. Which of the alternatives is used depends, among other things, on the dimension of the reference area determined by the security feature and the type of test.
  • a respective degree of scatter can be determined, which represents a scatter of the pixel data in the respective reference area or predetermined components of the pixel data in the respective reference area. It therefore indicates whether the pixel data or components are concentrated in a part of the reference area or rather distributed more widely in this area.
  • An authenticity criterion can then be checked which shows whether, on the one hand, the first number represented by the first measure of hits or the first portion represented by the first measure of hits have a first minimum hit value specified for the security feature and, on the other hand, the scatter represented by the first measure of dispersion for the security feature to exceed the specified first minimum dispersion value.
  • These minimum values can be determined, for example, by measurements on real value documents.
  • the authenticity criterion can be formulated differently depending on the type of dimensions. Is a measure a monotonically increasing function of the proportion or the number or the Scatter, for example, it can be checked whether the measure exceeds the corresponding minimum value.
  • a measure is a monotonically decreasing function of the proportion or the number or the scatter, it can be checked, for example, whether the measure falls below a limit value corresponding to the minimum value. If, for example, the reciprocal of the first number is used as the first hit measure, the authenticity criterion is met , if the hit size falls below a reciprocal of the minimum value which would have to be exceeded if the number were used as hit size.
  • the procedure can be analogous.
  • the authenticity signal is then formed in such a way that it additionally indicates whether the second number represented by the second measure of hits or the second portion represented by the second measure of hits has a predetermined second minimum hit value and, if used, the scatter represented by the second measure of dispersion a predetermined second Exceed the minimum spread.
  • the authenticity signal can then be formed in such a way that it additionally only represents a proof of authenticity if, in addition, the second number or the second component exceeds the second minimum hit value and, if used, the scatter exceeds the second minimum scatter value.
  • the first and possibly the second reference area and the first or second criterion, by means of which it is checked whether pixel data lie within the respective reference area, can be dependent on one another.
  • the reference range can be given implicitly by the respective criterion.
  • the first and / or, if used, the second criterion for determining whether pixel data are within the first and / or, if used, second reference area can provide, for example, that the reference area is also n-dimensional for pixel data with n components and accordingly the pixel data of a pixel lie in the reference area if the point given by the n components lies in the reference area.
  • n is a natural number greater than 1.
  • the first and / or, if used, the second criterion for determining whether pixel data lie within the first and / or, if used, second reference area but can also provide, for example, that pixel data in a reference area if only at least two predefined components of the available components lie within a correspondingly low-dimensional reference area.
  • a region that extends at least in one plane of a color space or lies in a plane of the color space that runs parallel to two axes of the color space, the different colors, can preferably be used as the first reference region correspond.
  • the area can thus be given by an area in the plane, ie extend only in the plane, or at least three-dimensional and intersect the plane, the section in the plane being an area.
  • the area of the area in the plane is finite and greater than 0.
  • the plane can be the ab or uv plane. This embodiment allows the testing of security features that show a color shift effect that is dependent on the viewing angle.
  • a region can be used as the first or second reference region which extends at least in a plane that is parallel to an axis that is a luminance or Corresponds to brightness in one or the color space, and an axis which corresponds to a brightness or intensity in the further wavelength range at least partially outside the visible spectral range runs.
  • the term “extends” is understood here analogously to the term “extended” in the previous paragraph.
  • Luminance or brightness is understood to mean the L component when using a Lab or Luv color space, for example.
  • arbitrary quantities can be used to characterize the scatter or as a measure of scatter, which reflect the scatter in the respective reference range.
  • a scatter of those components of the pixel data is preferably used which are also used to check whether pixel data lie in the respective reference area and which lie within the respective reference area.
  • the scatter of all these components is used.
  • a variance and / or a covariance of the pixel data or components of the pixel data lying in the first or second reference area can be used as the first and / or second scatter measure or first and / or second scatter or a monotonic function of variance or covariance can be used.
  • a scatter of the projection of the pixel data or pixel data components in the reference area onto a predetermined direction of the reference area is used as the scatter.
  • the variance of this projected data can be used as a measure of dispersion be used.
  • the direction in the reference area is preferably specified as the direction along which the greatest scatter is to be expected for genuine value documents. This direction can be determined by examining real value documents as a reference. If the reference area has the shape of an ellipse or an ellipsoid, for example, the longest main axis of the ellipse or the ellipsoid can be used.
  • Edge image pixel data of pixels of an edge image section which are each assigned to locations within a predetermined edge area along at least part of an edge of the section with the security feature, are therefore preferably used; the edge image pixel data is used to generate a local status value reflecting the status of the value document in the section is determined, and the local state value is used when checking the first / or second component or the first and / or second number and / or the first and / or second scatter.
  • edge image pixel data when the radiation emanating from the value document is detected, edge image pixel data are preferably formed which each correspond to locations in the edge region and reproduce optical properties of the value document at these locations.
  • the edge area adjoining the section can in principle be specified in any way, but is always smaller than the value document.
  • edge pixel data of pixels assigned to locations within a predetermined distance from an edge of the section can be used.
  • the edge area is then a strip more constant Width along the portion of the document of value. The distance can be selected as a function of the properties, in particular the resolution, of the sensor used to form the edge image pixel data.
  • the edge of the section can also lie within a security feature if the section has "holes".
  • the edge area can be given in that the edge section has a predetermined shape and position and the image section is located within the edge section. In this case too, the edge area is smaller than the overall image of the document of value.
  • the edge image section could be given by the area between an outer rectangle which surrounds the image section used to test the security feature and the edge of the image section. If pixels outside the edge image section are also used to determine the status value, their proportion is preferably less than 10% of the pixels used to determine the status value, particularly preferably less than 1%. However, it is very particularly preferred to use only pixels from the edge image section.
  • the state is also understood in particular as an optical state that reflects the extent to which at least one predetermined optical property in the edge area of the document to be checked differs from the same optical property in the corresponding edge area of one or more predetermined, typically freshly printed, reference value documents.
  • the local state value formed from the edge image pixel data can in principle be formed by means of any function, but it is preferably determined in such a way that only a few discrete values are used.
  • determining the local status value For example, methods for recognizing spots are used by means of which the state in the edge area corresponding to the edge image area can be determined; On the basis of this result, the local state or local state value for the section with the security feature can then be estimated using predetermined methods.
  • the estimate is given by transferring the state in the edge area to the section.
  • the state value determination only needs to take place before the test of the criterion as to whether pixel data of a pixel are in the reference area, but can otherwise be carried out in any suitable phase of the method.
  • the overall state of the value document is determined, it is checked here how the state is in the area of the security feature.
  • a value document in which only a small security feature is soiled can easily have an overall condition which, according to known methods, is significantly better than that in the area of the security feature. The use of only a local status value for the authenticity check of the security feature therefore enables a much more selective and more precise check of the security feature.
  • the use of local status values for checking security features can also be used more generally.
  • the present description therefore also relates to a method for computer-aided checking of a specified security feature in or on a specified section of a value document, in which, depending on properties of the value document at locations that are within a specified edge area along at least part of an edge of the section or security feature , preferably within a predetermined distance from the edge of the section or security feature, a local status value is determined for the section, and depending on properties of the value document at locations in the section and on the local status value, an authenticity or forgery criterion for the presence of a genuine security feature or one Forgery is checked. Depending on the result of the test, a corresponding signal can then be generated or a value can be stored in a memory.
  • the statements on the state value and the marginal area above, in particular in the previous two paragraphs, also apply to this subject.
  • the pixels of the edge image section or the locations at which properties are used to determine the state value are preferably distributed uniformly along the edge of the section.
  • the use of the local status value in the checking can in principle take place as desired.
  • the pixel data can be corrected before checking the number or the proportion and the scatter.
  • a correction can take place in particular by transforming the pixel data, which depends on the local state value
  • the first criterion and / or the first reference range and / or the second criterion and / or the second reference range can be changed or specified as a function of the local status value.
  • the second possibility can allow the method to be carried out more quickly if there is sufficient storage space and only a small number of local status values if the parameters provided for the respective criterion and / or the reference area are dependent of the possible local status values are saved.
  • the invention also relates to a test device for testing a predetermined security feature of a document of value by means of the method according to the invention with an optical sensor for capturing an image with pixels, the pixel data of which are assigned to locations in or on the section and reproduce optical properties of the document of value at the locations , a memory in which a computer program according to the invention is stored, and a computer for executing the computer program with images captured by the sensor.
  • the optical sensor is designed for spatially resolved detection of remission and / or transmission properties or remission or transmission images in at least two, preferably three different wavelength ranges, preferably within the visible spectral range, or at least two, preferably three colors and formation of pixel data reproducing these properties.
  • the senor is designed to locally resolved the remission and / or transmission properties or remission and / or transmission images in at least two, preferably at least three different wavelength ranges within the visible spectral range or at least two, preferably at least three colors and remission and / or to detect transmission properties in a further wavelength range at least partially outside the visible spectral range, preferably in the infrared spectral range, and to form pixel data reproducing these properties.
  • the method according to the invention has the advantage that no complex optical sensors are necessary to acquire the pixel data.
  • a spatially resolving sensor for capturing a color image can preferably be used to capture the image or the pixel data, particularly preferably additionally for capturing an image in the non-visible, optical spectral range.
  • the value document can preferably be transported past an illumination source which emits optical radiation which strikes the value document as at least one beam of rays converging with respect to a plane of convergence.
  • a bundle of optical radiation that is convergent with respect to a plane of convergence is understood to mean a bundle of rays whose rays projected onto the plane referred to as the plane of convergence results in a convergent bundle of rays in the plane.
  • the plane of convergence can run parallel to the transport direction and orthogonal to the plane of the value document.
  • the bundle of rays emanating from the lighting device can also be split up into at least two partial bundles, which are then at least partially directed again onto the same area of the document of value.
  • the lighting device generates a lighting strip on the document of value extending transversely to the transport direction, the optical radiation projected geometrically in a plane transverse to the transport direction and orthogonally onto a plane of the document of value not falling parallel onto the document of value.
  • the value document can also be illuminated by the illumination device with a bundle of optical radiation converging with respect to a plane of convergence from only one illumination direction, and the radiation emanating from a respective illuminated location can only be detected from one detection direction.
  • the direction of illumination and / or the direction of detection and / or the plane of convergence preferably enclose an angle of less than 5 ° with a normal to a plane of the document of value. This is especially true when checking OVI security features.
  • the direction of illumination and / or the detection direction with a normal to a plane of the document of value, an angle between 0 °, preferably 5 °, and 15 °.
  • the elements which, in the case of OVD security features or security features that have a surface structure, preferably an embossed structure with a pressure formed on certain flanks of the embossed structure, cause the optical properties to be scattered, are generally very small.
  • the resolution of the image in the method is preferably better than 0.4 mm ⁇ 0.4 mm, particularly preferably better than 0.3 mm ⁇ 0.3 mm.
  • a device 10 for processing documents of value in the example a bank note processing device, in Fig. 1 is used, among other things, to check the authenticity of documents of value 12 in the form of banknotes and for sorting depending on the result of the authenticity check.
  • the device 10 has an input compartment 14 for inputting items to be processed Documents of value 12, a separator 16 that can access documents of value 12 in the input compartment 14, a transport device 18 with switches 20 and 20 'arranged one after the other along a transport path 22, and after each of the switches or at an end of the transport path following the two switches 22 each have an output compartment 26 or 26 'or 26 ".
  • a sensor arrangement 24 is arranged in front of the switch 20 and after the separator 16, which is used to detect properties of individually supplied documents 12 and to form
  • a control device 30 is connected at least to the sensor arrangement 24 and the switches 20 and 20 'via signal connections and is used to evaluate sensor signals from the sensor arrangement 24, in particular to check the authenticity, and to control at least the switches 20 and 20' depending on the result of the evaluation g of the sensor signals.
  • the sensor arrangement 24 comprises at least one sensor;
  • only one optical sensor 32 is provided for spatially resolved detection of color properties and IR properties, which detects optical radiation remitted by the value document.
  • further sensors e.g. for other than optical properties.
  • the sensor 32 detects an overall image of the document of value in four spectral ranges corresponding to the three color channels red, green and blue and in the infrared spectral range (IR channel), which is represented by corresponding sensor signals.
  • IR channel infrared spectral range
  • the control device 30 determines pixel data of pixels of the overall image during a sensor signal evaluation which are relevant for checking the banknotes with regard to their authenticity.
  • the control device 30 has an evaluation device 31 which, in the example, is integrated in the control device 30, but in other exemplary embodiments can also be part of the sensor arrangement 24, preferably the sensor 32.
  • the control device 30 has a processor 34 and a memory 36 connected to the processor 34, in which at least one computer program with program code is stored, when the processor 34 is executed in a first function as an evaluation device 31, the Evaluates sensor signals, in particular to check the authenticity and / or the determination of an overall condition of a checked document of value and thereby, inter alia, executes a method described below using the sensor signals or the pixel data.
  • the processor controls the device or, accordingly, the Evaluation of the transport device 18.
  • the evaluation device 31 therefore forms a computer within the meaning of the present invention.
  • the control device 30 also has a data interface 37.
  • the evaluation device 31 more precisely the processor 34 therein, after determining pixel data, can check a predetermined criterion for the authenticity of the document of value in which at least some of the recorded properties and reference data are included.
  • documents of value 12 inserted into input compartment 14 as a stack or individually are fed singly and singly to transport device 18 by separator 16, which feeds the separated documents of value 12 to sensor arrangement 24.
  • the control device 30 detects the sensor signals, determines a state and the authenticity of the respective document of value as a function of these and, as a function of the result, controls the switches in such a way that the documents of value examined are fed to the output pockets according to their authenticity determined.
  • the sensor 32 is designed to capture images for three colors and IR radiation.
  • it is designed as a line sensor which, while a document of value is being transported past the sensor 32, comprises a sequence of line images which result in an image of the document of value in a direction transverse to the direction of the line, ie in the direction of transport.
  • an illumination device 38 for illuminating a strip running transversely to the transport direction T, ie for generating an illumination strip, in a transport plane E (in Figure 2b parallel to the plane of the drawing) for the document of value 12 or in a plane of the document of value 12 with convergent white light and IR radiation during the transport of the document of value over it entire extent transverse to the transport direction T.
  • the sensor 32 also includes a detection device 40 which is arranged in the beam emitted by the lighting device 38 and which shades part of the radiation from the lighting device 38.
  • the illumination device 38 has several radiation sources 39 for visible light and IR radiation arranged linearly transversely to the transport direction T, as well as two deflection elements 41 for bundling the radiation onto a strip in a transport level for the value document 12 or on the value document 12.
  • the lighting device 38 generates a projected onto an orthogonal to the transport plane E (in Fig. 2a the plane of the drawing) and the plane of convergence, which runs parallel to the direction of transport T, is a convergent beam.
  • the emitted beam is initially divided by the detection device 40 into two sub-beams, which are brought together again by the deflection devices 41 to form a convergent beam.
  • the maximum opening angle ⁇ between a perpendicular to the transport plane or the detection direction D and the outermost beam of the bundle in the plane is at most 40 °, preferably at most 30 °.
  • the rays are not strongly bundled; rather, the radiation is diffuse.
  • the direction of illumination B results as the mean over the directions of all rays of the bundle and, because of the symmetrical course of the partial bundles, is essentially parallel to the detection direction D.
  • each of the line cameras has a detector line with linearly arranged photodetection elements, in front of which the Filter is arranged which corresponds to the color component to be detected by the respective line camera of the reflected optical radiation.
  • the sensor 32 can also comprise further optical elements, in particular for imaging or focusing, which are not shown here.
  • the detector rows of photodetection elements are arranged parallel to one another.
  • the sensor 32 is therefore constructed and arranged in such a way that the value document is illuminated with optical radiation from a direction B orthogonal to the plane of the value document or parallel to a normal to the transport plane in which the value document is transported and emanating from the value document 12 , remitted optical radiation is detected from a direction D orthogonal to the plane of the document of value or parallel to the direction of illumination.
  • the intensity data represent pixel data that describe the properties of pixels 44 of a line image which reproduces the line-shaped area of the document of value 12 detected by the sensor 32.By juxtaposing the line images according to the chronological order of detection, i.e. corresponding assignment of the pixel data, an overall image is then created of the document of value with pixels, each of which is assigned pixel data, the optical properties of the Document of value, namely reproduce or represent color values for red, green, blue and the IR remission.
  • An image captured by the sensor 32 is therefore composed of pixels arranged in a rectangular matrix and is described by the pixel data.
  • the resolution of the sensor 32 is at least so great that a pixel corresponds to an area of at most 0.3 mm ⁇ 0.3 mm on the value document.
  • Color values r i , g i , b i and IR i for red, green and blue and IR remission are assigned to each of the pixels as pixel data in addition to a number or number i which reflects the position in the image.
  • the signal processing device 44 after calibration, can and does generate RGB color values from detection signals from the detector lines 42, 42 ', 42 "and 42'".
  • an optical security feature 46 is checked in the example, which in this example is indicated by the value indication "100" in OVI print, i.e. is given as a security feature with optically variable printing ink. If a viewer tilts the document of value in a suitable direction, he recognizes a change in the color of the print or the indication of value.
  • the actual security feature 46 is located in a section 48 of the document of value, which is shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is indicated by hatching.
  • the pixels are in a higher resolution than in Fig. 4 shown, However, they do not represent real relationships because of the schematic representation.
  • a frame-like edge image section 50 in the example is identified around the section 48, which contains pixels which the locations in an edge region, in the example given by a distance from the edge of the section 48 of less than 2.5 mm, preferably a distance that corresponds to less than 8 pixels in the image, in the example of 5 pixels; in the schematic representation of the Fig. 4 only pixels are shown at a distance of 2 pixels.
  • the edge area thus also represents an area, given by position and shape, in the example rectangular shape, in which the section 48 is located.
  • a program is stored in the memory 36 in a section serving as part of the evaluation device 31 and thus in this example in the control device 30, which when executed by the evaluation device 31, i. here the processor 34 carries out the following steps of a method for checking documents of value.
  • step S10 the evaluation device 31 uses the sensor 32 to acquire an overall image of the document of value to be checked.
  • the sensor 32 detects overall images of the value documents, more precisely pixel or image data representing the overall images, in the example full-area images with three color channels, namely red, green and blue (RGB channels) and an IR reflectance value; the type of pixel data has already been described above.
  • the pixel data thus indicate optical properties of the value document as a function of the location on the value document.
  • the pixel data are transmitted to the evaluation device 31 and recorded by it.
  • preprocessing of the recorded data in the sensor 32 or the evaluation device can also be carried out in this step 31, in which the image data are transformed, in particular filtered, for example to compensate for background noise.
  • the evaluation device 31 or the processor 34 determines the type in step S12 as a function of the pixel data recorded by the sensor 32, i.e. the currency and denomination of a document of value to be checked. Different types are given. If possible, one of the predefined types can then be assigned to the value document. In the example, value documents are to be checked, the format of which depends on the type.
  • the evaluation device 31 can therefore first carry out a search or recognition of the edges of the bank note in the image. From the recognized margins, it can determine the format of the value document, the denomination or denomination and thus the type from the set of predefined possible value document types.
  • the processor 34 or the evaluation device 31 determines in step S14, depending on the type of the value document, the position of the section of the value document in which the optical security feature must be found in a genuine value document.
  • the section or the image of the section is in Fig. 4 marked by hatching.
  • the evaluation device 31 determines an evaluation area 48 or ROI (region of interest) corresponding to the section specified for the security feature in the image, which is derived from the known position of the security feature on genuine value documents of the specified type relative to the outlines of the value documents and an in the image determined outline of the document of value results.
  • the evaluation device 31 can in particular first perform a search or recognition of edges of the value document in the overall image or for results of the step S12, in order to then position the ROI in the overall image as a function of the position of the edges in the overall image, ie to select corresponding pixel data
  • the processor 34 determines in step S16 the pixel data of the pixels of the total image which correspond to locations in this section; this corresponds to a determination of an image with the security element
  • step S20 the evaluation device 31 then determines a local status value for the security feature 46 from edge pixel data of the edge image section 50.
  • edge image data of an edge image section 50 are assigned to locations within the specified distance, which in the example corresponds to 5 pixels in the image, from an edge of section 48 outside of section 48 and reflect optical properties of the document of value at these locations.
  • the edge image section or its pixel is marked by dotting.
  • edge image pixel data of pixels of this edge image section 50 which are each assigned to locations within the predetermined distance from the edge of the section 48, are then used by the processor 34 to determine a local status value representing the status of the value document in the section from the edge pixel data.
  • This can be done in that the edge pixel data are compared with reference pixel data for a freshly printed document of value of the same type according to a predetermined condition criterion. Procedure for this are basically known and for example in the WO 2008/058742 A1 by the applicant, but in contrast to the present application for the entire document of value; on the content of the WO 2008/058742 A1 is referred to in this respect.
  • a predefined status criterion for a sufficiently good status can be used, which depends on pixel data for the edge image section.
  • a test of the condition criterion can therefore consist in calculating the value of the test function K for a given vector V and comparing it with a predetermined value G. If the value of K exceeds the value G, the condition criterion is met, otherwise not.
  • the calculation of the value of the test function is understood to mean that the value is determined from the vector and the parameters by means of steps predetermined by the test function.
  • the check is carried out in such a way that only two discrete values are provided as local state values, one of which, depending on the state in the edge image section 50, is assigned to the security feature 46 or section 48 as a local state value.
  • the first of the possible local status values characterizes a status which, according to the predefined status criterion, is the security feature or the edge image section of a freshly printed document of value corresponds to the recognized type
  • the second of the possible local state values corresponds to a dirty state that only corresponds to a change in the luminance of the color values but not the color.
  • other pollution states can also be taken into account, for example those showing discoloration.
  • step S22 the pixel data are then transformed or corrected as a function of the local state value. If the first status value was determined, the pixel data are left unchanged, otherwise the luminance value of the pixel data and the IR component are multiplied by a predefined factor.
  • step S24 to S30 the evaluation device 31 then carries out steps for the actual checking of the security feature.
  • the first reference range is in the RB level of the RGB color space (cf. Figure 6a ), the second in a plane that is spanned by the G color values and the IR reflectance axis (cf. Figure 6b ).
  • the reference areas and the parameters for the criteria have been determined prior to execution of the method by capturing the pixel data for those pixels that are also used in the test as reference documents for a predetermined amount of other freshly printed, genuine documents of value of the type .
  • the mean values of the RB components or G-IR components are then used to determine the respective reference area and the respective criterion according to which pixel data lie within the respective reference area and their variances and covariances are determined assuming a normal distribution.
  • the first reference range and the first criterion are then given by determining the Mahalanobis distance in the RB plane for the pixel data of a pixel relevant to the first criterion, the R and B components, and checking whether the Mahalanobis is -Distance is smaller than a predetermined first maximum distance value.
  • the parameters for calculating the Mahalanobis distance depend in a known manner on the previously determined mean values, variances and covariances. Accordingly, the maximum distance value was determined on the basis of the reference documents.
  • the second reference range and the second criterion are given by the fact that for the pixel data of a pixel, here the G and IR components, the Mahalanobis distance, which is dependent on the corresponding mean values, variances and covariances In the G-IR level, it is determined and checked whether the Mahalanobis distance is less than a predetermined second maximum distance value that was determined for the reference value documents.
  • the portion itself is used as a measure of the hit for the portion of the pixel data that lie within the respective reference area. Therefore, a minimum hit value is established for each of the reference areas, which must be exceeded by the hit size, in this case the proportion of pixel data in the respective reference area and which is characteristic of a real security feature or a real value document.
  • Such a minimum hit value can be determined by examining the reference value documents and if already known, forged documents of value with the forged security feature are determined.
  • the scatter of the pixel data that lie within the first reference range is also determined and compared with a minimum scatter value.
  • the total variance i.e. the sum of the variances of the R and B components is used.
  • the minimum value for dispersion for each of the reference value documents for the pixel data within the first reference range, the total variance, i.e. the sum of the variances of the R and B components is determined.
  • a mean dispersion value is then determined as a minimum dispersion value, which must be exceeded by a first degree of dispersion determined for a security feature to be checked so that the security feature can be considered genuine. With this determination, the results for the distribution in the case of forged documents of value can also be used, if they exist.
  • the evaluation device 31 determines in step S24 which proportion of the pixel data for pixels corresponding to locations in the section 48 are within the first reference area by calculating the Mahalanobis distance in the RB plane for each pixel and using is compared to the maximum distance value. If the Mahalanobis distance is less than or equal to the maximum distance value, the pixel data are in the first reference area, otherwise outside. After determining the proportion, the proportion is compared with the specified first minimum hit value.
  • step S26 the evaluation device 31 or the processor 34 checks whether a first scatter of the pixel data that lie within the first reference area is greater than a predefined minimum scatter value. This sum is compared with the specified first minimum dispersion value.
  • step S28 the evaluation device 31 or the processor 34 then determines, in accordance with step S24, the proportion of that pixel data of the pixels used to check the security feature, i.e. the pixels in the section 48, which lie within the second reference range, by checking for the pixel data of a respective one of the pixels whether the Mahalanobis distance in the G-IR plane is less than the corresponding second maximum distance value. If the proportion is determined, the processor 34 checks whether it exceeds the corresponding second minimum hit value.
  • step S30 the evaluation device 31 or the processor 34 forms an authenticity signal as a function of the tests in steps S24 to S28, which, for example, by its level or its shape, reproduces an authenticity indicator, i.e. whether the security feature is considered genuine or not.
  • a corresponding value is stored in the memory 36 with the authenticity signal.
  • the authenticity signal is formed in such a way that it only represents an indication of authenticity if the first number or the first portion exceeds the first minimum hit value, the first scatter exceeds the first minimum scatter value and the second portion exceeds the second minimum hit value.
  • a second embodiment in Fig. 6 differs from the first embodiment in that step S22 is omitted and instead steps S24 to S28 are replaced by steps S24 'to S28'.
  • steps S24 'to S28' differ from steps S24 and S28 only in that the parameters for the first and second criterion and the first and second reference range are set as a function of the local status value.
  • the parameters for determining the Maholanobis distance ie in particular the mean values, variances and covariances can be functions of the local state value.
  • the local status value can only assume two values, so that only one corresponding parameter set needs to be saved for each of the status values; The respective parameter set is then used as a function of the local status value determined for the section.
  • FIG. 7 A basis of the procedures in the Figures 5 and 6th is in Fig. 7 illustrated.
  • What is shown there for a bank note is the distribution of pixel data of pixels which correspond to an OVI area or a security feature with an optically variable printing color, in the RB color plane and the G-IR plane.
  • What can be seen is a typical scattering of the pixel data for the OVI element or the security feature with optically variable printing ink, which are located within an elliptical curve that represents a curve of equal Mahalanobis distances. If a normal copier color were used to forge the security feature, pixel data could perhaps result which had the same mean value in the RB plane, but not the characteristic dispersion. The same applies in the example to the pixel data in the G-IR plane.
  • a third embodiment in Fig. 8 differs from the first embodiment in that the evaluation device 31 carries out, as an additional step S32, a check as to whether the scatter of the pixel data within the second reference area exceeds a second minimum scatter value specified for the security feature.
  • the second minimum dispersion value was previously determined analogously to the first minimum dispersion value.
  • the total variance in the G-IR plane is used here as the degree of dispersion, ie the sum of the variances of the G components and the IR components of those pixel data that are in the second reference area lie.
  • the second minimum dispersion value can be determined analogously to the first exemplary embodiment.
  • step S30 executes step S30 'instead of step S30.
  • step S30 differs from step S30 solely in that the authenticity signal is formed in such a way that it only represents an indication of authenticity if, in addition to the conditions in the first exemplary embodiment, the scatter of the pixel data within the second reference area also exceeds the predefined second scatter minimum value. This leads to a further increased accuracy of the test in the case of optical security features, which also have a typical scatter in the G-IR properties.
  • FIG. 9 shows a corresponding variant of the first embodiment, Fig. 10 a Fig. 7 corresponding representation.
  • Steps S22 to S30 are adapted to the other color space; in particular, the reference ranges and the corresponding criteria are adapted accordingly. Therefore, in Fig. 9 the same reference numerals are used as in the first exemplary embodiment.
  • the hue H, saturation S and intensity I are now used as pixel data in the HSI color space.
  • Method steps S22 to S30 correspond formally to those of the corresponding steps of the first exemplary embodiment, with a and b being replaced by H and S and the reference areas for example accordingly Fig. 10 can be chosen.
  • step S18 ' is provided after step S16 of the method, in which the pixel data are transformed into a device-independent color space, in the example another CIE color space, so that the following steps can be carried out in a corresponding manner, in particular by specifying the Reference ranges and the criteria are adapted.
  • the computer 34 transforms at least the pixel data for the section into a device-independent color space, in the example the CIE Lab color space. In the example, all pixel data of the overall image are transformed. In other exemplary embodiments, this step can also be carried out together with one of the preceding steps.
  • the pixel data in the CIE-Lab color space are then used for the following process steps. These steps are identified in the figures by the use of a "T” instead of an "S”, but do not differ from the steps described above except for the use of corresponding adapted reference areas and criteria for the pixel data being in the respective reference area Embodiments.
  • two reference areas are used in which pixel data should lie.
  • the first reference range is in the ab level of the CIE Lab color space (cf. Figure 14a ), the second in a plane that is spanned by the luminance axis of the CIE Lab color values and the IR reflectance axis (cf. Figure 14b ). In the Fig.
  • 14 a and 14b are the distributions of pixel data of pixels corresponding to an OVI area or a security feature with optically variable printing color, shown in the ab color plane and the L-IR plane for a bank note. What can be seen is a typical scattering of the pixel data for the OVI element or the security feature with optically variable printing ink, which are located within an elliptical curve that represents a curve of equal Mahalanobis distances. If a normal copier color were used to falsify the security feature, pixel data could perhaps result which had the same mean value in the ab plane, but not the characteristic spread. The same applies in the example to the pixel data in the L-IR plane.
  • the reference areas and the parameters for the criteria have been determined before the method is carried out in that, for freshly printed documents of value as reference documents, the pixel data for those pixels are recorded which are also used in the check.
  • the mean values of the ab components or L-IR components and their variances and covariances are then determined, assuming a normal distribution, to determine the respective reference area and the respective criterion according to which pixel data lie within the respective reference area and the first criterion are then given by the fact that for the pixel data of a pixel relevant to the first criterion, the a and b components, the Mahalanobis distance in the ab plane is determined and it is checked whether the Mahalanobis distance is less than a predetermined first maximum distance value.
  • the parameters for calculating the Mahalanobis distance depend in a known manner on the previously determined mean values, variances and covariances. The maximum distance value was determined accordingly on the basis of the reference documents.
  • the second reference range and the second criterion are given by the fact that for pixel data of a pixel, here the L and IR components, the Mahalanobis distance in the L-IR plane, which is dependent on the corresponding mean values, variances and covariances, is determined and checked whether the Mahalanobis distance is smaller than a predetermined second maximum distance value that was determined for the reference value documents.
  • the portion itself is used as a measure of the hit for the portion of the pixel data that lie within the respective reference area.
  • a minimum hit value is established for each of the reference areas, which must be exceeded by the hit size, in this case the proportion of pixel data in the respective reference area and which is characteristic of a real security feature or a real value document.
  • Such a minimum hit value can be determined by examining the reference value documents and if already known, forged documents of value with the forged security feature are determined.
  • the scatter of the pixel data that lie within the first reference range is additionally determined and compared with a minimum scatter value.
  • the total variance ie the sum of the variances of the a and b components, is used as the scatter or degree of scatter.
  • the minimum value for dispersion the total variance, ie the sum of the variances of the a and b components, is determined as the first degree of dispersion for each of the reference value documents for the pixel data within the first reference area.
  • a mean dispersion value is then established as a minimum dispersion value which must be exceeded by a first degree of dispersion determined for a security feature to be checked so that the security feature can be considered genuine.
  • the results for the distribution in the case of forged documents of value can also be used, if available.
  • the evaluation device 31 determines in step T24 which portion of the pixel data for pixels that correspond to locations in the section 48 are within the first reference range by calculating the Mahalanobis distance in the ab plane for each pixel and using the Maximum distance value is compared. If the Mahalanobis distance is less than or equal to the maximum distance value, the pixel data are in the first reference area, otherwise outside. After determining the proportion, the proportion is compared with the specified first minimum hit value.
  • step T26 the evaluation device 31 or the processor 34 checks whether a first scatter of the pixel data that lie within the first reference area is greater than a predefined minimum scatter value. This sum is compared with the predetermined first minimum scatter value.
  • step T28 the evaluation device 31 or the processor 34 then determines, in accordance with step S24, the proportion of that pixel data of the pixels used to test the security feature, ie the pixels in the section 48 that lie within the second reference area, by using for the pixel data of a respective the It is checked in each pixel whether the Mahalanobis distance in the L-IR plane is smaller than the corresponding second maximum distance value. If the proportion is determined, the processor 34 checks whether it exceeds the corresponding second minimum hit value.
  • step T30 the evaluation device 31 or the processor 34 forms an authenticity signal as a function of the tests in steps T24 to T28, as in the first exemplary embodiment.
  • a second embodiment in Fig. 12 differs from the embodiment in Fig. 11 in that step T22 is omitted and steps T24 to T28 are replaced by steps T24 'to T28'.
  • steps T24 'to T28' differ from steps T24 and T28, analogously to the second exemplary embodiment, only in that the parameters for the first and second criterion and the first and second reference range are set as a function of the local status value.
  • the parameters for determining the Maholanobis distance i. in particular the means, variances and covariances can be functions of the local state value.
  • the local status value can only assume two values, so that only one corresponding parameter set needs to be saved for each of the status values; The respective parameter set is then used as a function of the local status value determined for the section.
  • FIG. 12 differs from the first exemplary embodiment, on the one hand, in that, as an additional step T32, the evaluation device 31 carries out a check as to whether the scatter of the pixel data within the second reference area exceeds a second minimum scatter value specified for the security feature.
  • the second minimum dispersion value was previously determined analogously to the first minimum dispersion value.
  • the total variance in the L-IR plane is used here as a measure of dispersion, ie the sum of the variances of the L components and the IR components of those pixel data which are in the second reference area.
  • the second minimum dispersion value can be determined analogously to the first exemplary embodiment.
  • step T30 executes step T30 'instead of step T30.
  • this differs from step T30 solely in that the authenticity signal is formed in such a way that it only represents an indication of authenticity if, in addition to the conditions in the first exemplary embodiment, the scatter of the pixel data within the second reference area also exceeds the specified second scatter minimum value exceeds. This leads to a further increased accuracy of the test in the case of optical security features, which also have a typical scatter in the L-IR properties.
  • step S16 can differ from the exemplary embodiments described above in that in step S16 the section is only a rectangle in a center of the security feature, but not the smallest rectangle surrounding the security feature.
  • pixel data are used which only reproduce colors.
  • the second criterion and the second reference range can then be given in that the L component must lie in a predetermined value range so that the pixel data lie within the second reference range.
  • Still further exemplary embodiments differ from the exemplary embodiments described in that an embossed structure with a print formed on certain flanks of the embossed structure, which has an optically variable effect, is used as an optical security feature.
  • embossed structures are in the applications WO 97/17211 A1 , WO 02/20280 A1 , WO 2004/022355 A2 , WO 2006/018232 A1 described by the applicant.
  • Still further exemplary embodiments differ from the exemplary embodiments described only in that a sensor such as the one used is used as the sensor WO 96/36021 A1 is described.
  • exemplary embodiments differ from the exemplary embodiments described, in which the HSI or the CIE Lab color space are used, in that only the first reference range is used, so that steps S28 and T28 can be omitted and steps S30 and T30 are changed accordingly, so that the authenticity signal is only formed when the number of pixel data in the first reference area exceeds the minimum proportion and the spread of the pixel data within the first reference area exceeds the first minimum spread.
  • Still further exemplary embodiments differ from those previously described in that no IR component is present.
  • the second reference area is then one-dimensional and the second criterion is adapted accordingly.
  • the evaluation device can be integrated into the sensor.

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Claims (20)

  1. Procédé, assisté par ordinateur, de vérification d'une caractéristique de sécurité (46) optique prédéterminée dans ou sur une section prédéterminée d'un document de valeur (12) sur la base de données pixel de pixels d'une image de la section prédéterminée qui sont respectivement affectées à des endroits dans ou sur la section et qui reproduisent des propriétés optiques du document de valeur aux endroits, cependant que les données pixel comportent, pour respectivement un pixel ou un endroit, des composants qui reproduisent des propriétés de réflectance ou de transmission dans au moins deux, de préférence au moins trois différentes plages de longueurs d'ondes, de préférence à l'intérieur de la plage spectrale visible, ou des couleurs,
    cependant que la caractéristique de sécurité (46) est une caractéristique de sécurité OVD qui est de préférence une encre d'impression optiquement variable ou une structure de surface présentant un effet optiquement variable, et cependant que, lors du procédé,
    il est vérifié si un premier nombre des pixels ou une première part des pixels, parmi les pixels de l'image, dont les données pixel se trouvent, suivant un premier critère prédéterminé, à l'intérieur d'une première zone de référence prédéterminée pour la caractéristique de sécurité (46), dépasse une première valeur minimale de concordance prédéterminée pour la caractéristique de sécurité, et si une première diffusion des données pixel des pixels qui, suivant le premier critère, se trouvent à l'intérieur de la première zone de référence pour les données pixel, dépasse une première valeur minimale de diffusion prédéterminée pour la caractéristique de sécurité (46), et, en fonction du résultat de l'examen, un signal d'authenticité est constitué, lequel ne représente une indication d'authenticité que si le premier nombre ou la première part dépasse la première valeur minimale de concordance et la diffusion dépasse la première valeur minimale de diffusion.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel il est en outre vérifié si un deuxième nombre des pixels ou une deuxième part des pixels, parmi les pixels de l'image, dont les données pixel se trouvent, suivant un deuxième critère, à l'intérieur d'une deuxième zone de référence prédéterminée pour la caractéristique de sécurité (46), dépasse une deuxième valeur minimale prédéterminée pour la caractéristique de sécurité (46), et le signal d'authenticité est constitué de telle façon qu'il ne représente l'indication d'authenticité que si, en plus, le deuxième nombre ou la deuxième part dépasse la deuxième valeur minimale de concordance, et
    il est de préférence vérifié si une deuxième diffusion des données pixel des pixels qui, suivant le deuxième critère, se trouvent à l'intérieur de la deuxième zone de référence, dépasse une deuxième valeur minimale de diffusion prédéterminée pour la caractéristique de sécurité (46), et le signal d'authenticité est constitué de telle façon qu'il ne représente l'indication d'authenticité que si, en plus, la diffusion des données pixel dans la deuxième zone de référence dépasse la deuxième valeur minimale de diffusion.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans lequel les données pixel comportent, pour respectivement un endroit, des composants qui représentent des propriétés de réflectance et/ou de transmission dans une autre plage de longueurs d'ondes au moins partiellement à l'extérieur de la plage spectrale visible, de préférence dans la plage spectrale infrarouge.
  4. Procédé selon une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les données pixel qui représentent des propriétés dans la plage spectrale visible ou des valeurs chromatiques sont, avant la vérification, transformées dans un espace chromatique indépendant des appareils, de préférence dans un espace chromatique Lab ou Luv, ou que, en tant que données pixel qui représentent des propriétés dans la plage spectrale visible ou des valeurs chromatiques, des données pixel sont utilisées dans un espace chromatique indépendant des appareils, de préférence dans un espace chromatique Lab ou Luv.
  5. Procédé selon une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel, comme première zone de référence, une zone qui s'étend au moins dans un plan parallèle à deux axes d'un espace chromatique qui correspondent à différentes couleurs est utilisée.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 2 ou une des revendications de 3 à 5 et la revendication 2, dans lequel, comme première ou deuxième zone de référence, une zone qui s'étend au moins dans un plan parallèle à un axe qui correspond à une luminance ou luminosité et à un axe qui correspond à une luminosité dans l'autre plage de longueurs d'ondes au moins partiellement à l'extérieur de la plage spectrale visible est utilisée.
  7. Procédé selon une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel, comme première et/ou deuxième diffusion, une variance et/ou une covariance des données pixel ou des composants des données pixel se trouvant dans la première et/ou deuxième zone de référence ou une fonction monotone de la variance ou de la covariance est utilisée.
  8. Procédé selon une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel des données pixel d'image de bordure de pixels d'une section d'image de bordure respectivement affectées à des endroits à l'intérieur d'une zone de bordure prédéterminée le long d'au moins une partie d'une bordure de la section, de préférence à l'intérieur d'un espacement prédéterminé d'une bordure de la section, sont utilisées, une valeur locale d'état reproduisant l'état du document de valeur dans la section est déterminée à partir des données pixel de bordure, et la valeur locale d'état est utilisée lors de la vérification de la première / ou de la deuxième part ou du premier et/ou deuxième nombre et/ou de la première et/ou deuxième diffusion.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, dans lequel des données pixel sont corrigées avant la vérification.
  10. Procédé selon une des revendications de 9 ou 10, dans lequel le premier critère et/ou la première zone de référence et/ou le deuxième critère et/ou la deuxième zone de référence sont modifiés ou prédéterminés en fonction de la valeur locale d'état.
  11. Procédé selon une des revendications de 1 à 10, dans lequel la caractéristique de sécurité est une structure de surface sous forme d'une structure gaufrée qui présente un effet optiquement variable.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, dans lequel la structure gaufrée comporte des éléments de structure gaufrés courbés ou coudés.
  13. Procédé de vérification d'une caractéristique de sécurité (46) optique prédéterminée dans ou sur une section prédéterminée d'un document de valeur (12), cependant que la caractéristique de sécurité (46) est une caractéristique de sécurité OVD qui est de préférence une encre d'impression optiquement variable ou une structure de surface présentant un effet optiquement variable, cependant que, lors du procédé, pour la saisie d'une image de la section prédéterminée, le document de valeur (12) est éclairé par rayonnement optique d'une source optique de rayonnement et du rayonnement émanant du document de valeur est saisi, que, en fonction du rayonnement saisi, des données pixel de pixels de l'image qui sont respectivement affectées à des endroits dans ou sur la section et qui reproduisent des propriétés optiques du document de valeur (12) aux endroits sont constituées, et dans lequel un procédé selon une des revendications précédentes est réalisé, dans lequel, comme données pixel, ce sont les données pixel constituées qui sont utilisées..
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, dans lequel l'éclairage avec du rayonnement optique et la saisie de rayonnement a lieu de telle façon que les données pixel comportent, pour respectivement un pixel ou un endroit, des composants qui reproduisent des propriétés de réflectance ou de transmission dans au moins deux, de préférence trois différentes plages de longueurs d'ondes, de préférence à l'intérieur de la plage spectrale visible, ou au moins deux, de préférence trois couleurs.
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 13 ou la revendication 14, dans lequel l'éclairage avec du rayonnement optique et la saisie de rayonnement a lieu de telle façon que les données pixel comportent, pour respectivement un pixel ou un endroit, des composants qui représentent des propriétés de réflectance et/ou de transmission dans au moins deux, de préférence trois différentes plages de longueurs d'ondes à l'intérieur de la plage spectrale visible, ou au moins deux, de préférence trois couleurs et propriétés de réflectance et/ou de transmission dans une autre plage de longueurs d'ondes au moins partiellement à l'extérieur de la plage spectrale visible, de préférence dans la plage spectrale infrarouge.
  16. Procédé selon une des revendications de 13 à 15, dans lequel le document de valeur est transporté en passant par une source d'éclairage (38) et est éclairé par cette dernière avec un faisceau convergent de rayonnement optique uniquement depuis une direction d'éclairage, et le rayonnement émanant d'un endroit respectivement éclairé est saisi uniquement depuis une direction de saisie, et dans lequel, de préférence, la direction d"éclairage et/ou la direction de saisie délimitent avec une normale sur le plan du document de valeur un angle inférieur à 5°.
  17. Procédé selon une des revendications de 13 à 16, dans lequel, lors de la saisie du rayonnement émanant du document de valeur (12), des données pixel d'image de bordure qui sont respectivement affectées à des endroits à l'intérieur d'un espacement prédéterminé d'une bordure de la section et reproduisent des propriétés optiques du document de valeur à ces endroits sont constituées.
  18. Programme d'ordinateur muni de moyens de codes de programme afin de réaliser le procédé selon une des revendications de 1 à 12 quand le programme est exécuté sur un ordinateur.
  19. Produit programme d'ordinateur muni de moyens de codes de programme mémorisés sur un support de données lisible par ordinateur afin de réaliser le procédé selon une des revendications de 1 à 12 quand le produit programme d'ordinateur est exécuté sur un ordinateur.
  20. Dispositif de vérification d'une caractéristique de sécurité prédéterminée d'un document de valeur au moyen d'un procédé selon une des revendications de 1 à 17, doté d'un capteur optique (32) pour la saisie d'une image avec pixels dont les données pixel sont respectivement affectées à des endroits dans ou sur la section et reproduisent des propriétés optiques du document de valeur aux endroits, d'une mémoire dans laquelle un programme d'ordinateur selon la revendication 19 est mémorisé, et d'un ordinateur pour l'exécution du programme d'ordinateur avec des images saisies par le capteur, cependant que le capteur optique (32) est conçu pour la saisie à résolution spatiale de propriétés de réflectance et/ou de transmission, ou d'images de réflectance ou de transmission, dans au moins deux, de préférence trois différentes plages de longueurs d'ondes, de préférence à l'intérieur de la plage spectrale visible, ou au moins deux, de préférence trois couleurs, et pour la génération de données pixel reproduisant ces propriétés.
EP11769788.8A 2010-10-08 2011-10-07 Procédé pour contrôler un signe de sécurité optique d'un document de valeur Active EP2625673B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102010047948A DE102010047948A1 (de) 2010-10-08 2010-10-08 Verfahren zum Prüfen eines optischen Sicherheitsmerkmals eines Wertdokuments
PCT/EP2011/005025 WO2012045472A2 (fr) 2010-10-08 2011-10-07 Procédé pour contrôler un signe de sécurité optique d'un document de valeur

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EP2625673B1 true EP2625673B1 (fr) 2020-12-09

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EP (1) EP2625673B1 (fr)
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DE102012016828A1 (de) * 2012-08-24 2014-02-27 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Prüfung von Wertdokumenten
CN103280016B (zh) * 2013-06-09 2015-04-15 北京印钞有限公司 小张清分机上ovmi光彩油墨、珠光油墨和全息膜的检测方法
CN103645143B (zh) * 2013-12-09 2016-07-06 广州广电运通金融电子股份有限公司 一种多光谱券类质量检测方法和系统
CN104537756B (zh) * 2015-01-22 2018-04-20 广州广电运通金融电子股份有限公司 一种基于Lab色彩空间的钞票分类鉴别方法和装置
CN104574642B (zh) * 2015-01-30 2017-04-26 广州广电运通金融电子股份有限公司 一种基于Lab色彩空间的人民币变色油墨检测方法和装置
FR3053126B1 (fr) * 2016-06-27 2019-07-26 Saint-Gobain Glass France Procede et dispositif de localisation de l'origine d'un defaut affectant un empilement de couches minces deposees sur un substrat
CN106373255B (zh) * 2016-09-20 2019-04-26 深圳怡化电脑股份有限公司 一种纸币鉴伪方法及装置
CN108629887B (zh) * 2017-03-17 2021-02-02 深圳怡化电脑股份有限公司 纸币识别方法和装置
EP3503046B1 (fr) * 2017-12-22 2020-10-14 CI Tech Sensors AG Système de détection d'une caractéristique de sécurité lisible par machine d'un document de valeur, ledit système comportant un dispositif de traitement et une caméra connectée audit dispositif ainsi que procédé de remplacement d'une caméra d'un tel système

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EP2625673A2 (fr) 2013-08-14
RU2013120913A (ru) 2014-11-20
CN103155008A (zh) 2013-06-12
US20130170747A1 (en) 2013-07-04
US9147108B2 (en) 2015-09-29
CN103155008B (zh) 2016-09-28
DE102010047948A1 (de) 2012-04-12
RU2598296C2 (ru) 2016-09-20
WO2012045472A3 (fr) 2012-07-05
WO2012045472A2 (fr) 2012-04-12

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