EP2623159A1 - Brandbekämpfungssystem und Verfahren zur Brandbekämpfung in einem Luftfahrzeug - Google Patents

Brandbekämpfungssystem und Verfahren zur Brandbekämpfung in einem Luftfahrzeug Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2623159A1
EP2623159A1 EP12153704.7A EP12153704A EP2623159A1 EP 2623159 A1 EP2623159 A1 EP 2623159A1 EP 12153704 A EP12153704 A EP 12153704A EP 2623159 A1 EP2623159 A1 EP 2623159A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fire suppression
inert gas
gas generating
halon
generating systems
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12153704.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2623159B1 (de
Inventor
Paul Rohrbach
Rainer Beuermann
Jens Taberski
Oliver Family
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Operations GmbH
Airbus Operations Ltd
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Airbus Operations GmbH
Airbus Operations Ltd
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Priority to EP12153704.7A priority Critical patent/EP2623159B1/de
Publication of EP2623159A1 publication Critical patent/EP2623159A1/de
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Publication of EP2623159B1 publication Critical patent/EP2623159B1/de
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
    • A62C3/08—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles in aircraft
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to a fire suppression system and a method for fire suppression in an airborne vehicle, particularly in cargo bays of aircraft.
  • Cargo compartments according to CS25.857(C) are usually equipped with a halon 1301 fire suppression system.
  • Halon 1301 or bromotrifluoromethane is an organic halide, which is a gaseous substance used for fire quenching by inhibiting the radical reaction of the combustion.
  • Halon 1301 belongs to the group of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which present a potential environmental hazard due to their destructive effects on the ozone layer of the stratosphere. Based on the Montreal protocol list and the EU regulation 744/2010, the use of halon 1301 is banned and only allowed in certain circumstances. Therefore, it is desirable to restrict the use of halon 1301 and search for alternative fire quenching agents.
  • CFCs chlorofluorocarbons
  • Cargo bay fire suppression may be done in two stages. First, a rapid discharge of a first quenching agent may be triggered. Simultaneously, a second quenching agent may be released slowly, so that after the concentration of the first quenching agent in the area where fire is to be quenched diminishes below a certain threshold, the concentration of the second quenching agent or at least the combination of both agents is high enough to guarantee subsequent fire suppression.
  • OBIGGS on-board inert gas generator
  • NAA nitrogen enriched air
  • the document EP 1 306 801 A1 discloses a conventional fire detection system that initially detects the existence of a fire and initiates a fire alarm, upon which, either automatically or by crew action, Halon is released in a short interval as a first extinguishant.
  • a second extinguishant in the form of nitrogen-rich air is supplied to ensure longer-term fire suppression.
  • CFCs chlorofluorocarbons
  • a fire suppression system comprises a fuel tank inerting system including at least two on-board inert gas generating systems, a halon-based fire suppression subsystem configured to release halon as a first fire suppression agent, a monitoring module, which is coupled to the at least two on-board inert gas generating systems, and which is configured to monitor the operability of the at least two on-board inert gas generating systems and to output a monitoring signal indicating the state of operability of the at least two on-board inert gas generating systems, and a control module, which is coupled to the monitoring module, the at least two on-board inert gas generating systems and the halon-based fire suppression subsystem, and which is configured to select one of the at least two on-board inert gas generating systems depending on the monitoring signal and to control the selected on-board inert gas generating system to release an inert gas as a second fire suppression agent, for example into a cargo compartment of an airborne vehicle in order to start a
  • a method for fire suppression in an airborne vehicle having a fuel tank inerting system including at least two on-board inert gas generating systems and a halon-based fire suppression subsystem configured to release halon as a first fire suppression agent comprising the steps of monitoring the operability of the at least two on-board inert gas generating systems, outputting a monitoring signal indicating the state of operability of the at least two on-board inert gas generating systems, selecting one of the at least two on-board inert gas generating systems depending on the monitoring signal, controlling the halon-based fire suppression subsystem to release halon as a first fire suppression agent, and controlling the selected on-board inert gas generating system to release an inert gas as a second fire suppression agent, for example into a cargo compartment of an airborne vehicle in order to start a fire suppression atmosphere in combination with the first fire suppression agent.
  • an airborne vehicle comprises at least two cargo compartments, and a fire suppression system according to an embodiment of the invention, which is configured to suppress a fire in at least one of the cargo compartments by releasing the first fire suppression agent and subsequently the second fire suppression agent, for example a combination of Halon 1301 and nitrogen enriched air.
  • One main idea of the present invention is to make use of the on-board inert gas generation systems (OBIGGS) of the fuel tank inerting system (FTIS) of an airborne vehicle by selecting one of the two OBIGGS to supply an inert gas as second quenching agent for assisting a halon-based fire suppression system.
  • OBIGGS on-board inert gas generation systems
  • FTIS fuel tank inerting system
  • the fire suppression system further comprises an agent conduit pipe configured to pipe the first fire suppression agent from the halon-based fire suppression subsystem, a first inert gas conduit pipe configured to pipe inert gas from a first one of the on-board inert gas generating systems and coupled to the agent conduit pipe by a first valve, and a second inert gas conduit pipe configured to pipe inert gas from a second one of the on-board inert gas generating systems and coupled to the agent conduit pipe by a second valve, wherein the control module is configured to open the first or the second valve in case of fire in a compartment of an airborne vehicle, depending on the monitoring signal.
  • the compartments of the airborne vehicle are cargo bays.
  • the fire suppression system is particularly suited for cargo bays of airborne vehicle, since the capability of one of the on-board inert gas generating systems is sufficient to fulfil the fire suppression requirements for a cargo bay.
  • the inert gas is one of the group of nitrogen, nitrogen enriched air and oxygen depleted air.
  • the first fire suppression agent is halon 1301.
  • Fig. 1 shows a fire suppression system 10, particularly a fire suppression system 10 for use in an airborne vehicle.
  • the fire suppression system 10 may be used for fire suppression in a cargo compartment or cargo bay of an airborne vehicle, such as an aircraft.
  • Fig. 2 exemplarily shows such an airborne vehicle 20 having at least two cargo compartments 21, and a fire suppression system, which is configured to suppress a fire in at least one of the cargo compartment 21.
  • the fire suppression system in Fig. 2 may be a fire suppression system 10 as explained in conjunction with Fig. 1 .
  • the fire suppression system 10 may comprise a fuel tank inerting system 1, a halon-based fire suppression subsystem 2, a monitoring module 3 coupled to the fuel tank inerting system 1, and a control module 4 coupled to the monitoring module 3.
  • the fuel tank inerting system 1 may include at least two on-board inert gas generating systems (OBIGGS) 5.
  • OBIGGS on-board inert gas generating systems
  • the number of the OBIGGS 5 in Fig. 1 is exemplarily shown as two, but more than two OBIGGS 5 may be provided as well.
  • the OBIGGS 5 may receive air from respective air conditioning systems 6 which may for example include heat exchangers and/or filter systems in order to condition bleed air that may be extracted from gas turbine engines of an airborne vehicle.
  • the conditioned air may be input to the OBIGGS 5 which are configured to generate an inert gas, such as nitrogen, nitrogen enriched air (NEA) or oxygen depleted air (ODA) as output gas.
  • NAA nitrogen enriched air
  • ODA oxygen depleted air
  • the inert gas generated by the OBIGGS 5 may then be used to inert the ullage in fuel tanks 7a, 7b, 7c of the airborne vehicle.
  • the fuel tanks may comprise a left wing fuel tank 7a, a right wing fuel tank 7c and a centre wing fuel tank 7b.
  • Fuel tank inerting systems 1 are mandatory for aircraft having a centre wing fuel tank 7b in order to prevent explosions of the centre wing fuel tank 7b, especially when the centre wing fuel tank 7b is only filled to a low level, for example during short distance flights.
  • the number of fuel tanks is exemplarily shown as three, however, any other number of fuel tanks may be provided in an airborne vehicle as well.
  • the inert gas generated by the OBIGGS 5 may be led through a conduit pipe system.
  • the conduit pipe system may comprise a valve 8a and 8b for each of the OBIGGS 5, which controllably couple the conduit pipe system with an agent conduit pipe 9 configured to pipe a first fire suppression agent from the halon-based fire suppression subsystem 2.
  • Coupled to the first valve 8a is a first inert gas conduit pipe 9a configured to pipe inert gas from the first OBIGGS 5 to the agent conduit pipe 9.
  • a second inert gas conduit pipe 9b configured to pipe inert gas from the second OBIGGS 5 to the agent conduit pipe 9.
  • the halon-based fire suppression subsystem 2 may be configured to release halon as a first fire suppression agent, in particular halon 1301 or bromotrifluoromethane. Other organic halides may be used as a first fire suppression agent as well, for example trifluoroiodomethane.
  • the halon-based fire suppression subsystem 2 is coupled via the agent conduit pipe 9 with cargo compartment valves 21a and 21b of cargo compartments of an airborne vehicle, for example a fore fuselage cargo bay and an aft fuselage cargo bay.
  • the halon-based fire suppression subsystem 2 may release a predetermined amount of halon in case of a fire in one of the cargo compartments into the agent conduit pipe 9 and through the valves 21a and 21b in order to quench the fire in the respective cargo compartment for at least a first amount of time, for example several minutes up to an hour. It is officially assumed that a potential fire will not occur in both cargo compartments 21 at the same time during the same flight, thus, in case of a fire in one of the cargo compartments 21, the fire suppression agents will be released into the respective compartment 21 via the according valves 21a or 21b.
  • the time until the concentration of the first fire suppression agent has dropped below a predetermined threshold value may correspond to the first amount of time.
  • inert gas generated by one or both of the OBIGGS 5 may be used to sustain a predetermined concentration of inert gas in the cargo compartment in order to guarantee a quenching of the fire by the inert gas as second fire suppression agent.
  • the inert gas produced by one of the OBIGGS 5 is sufficient to fulfil the fire suppression requirements for a cargo compartment.
  • the monitoring module 3 may be configured to monitor the operability of the OBIGGS 5 and to output a monitoring signal indicating the state of operability of the OBIGGS 5. Since the OBIGGS 5 are part of the fuel tank inerting system 1 which is a Master Minimum Equipment List (MMEL) B system, their operating time is ten days in an inoperable state, i.e. an aircraft with an inoperable OBIGGS 5 may be operated regularly for ten days before the OBIGGS 5 will have to be repaired again. Therefore, it may be possible that one of the OBIGGS 5 is found to be inoperable by the monitoring module 3. The monitoring signal output by the monitoring module 3 may in such a case indicate that one of the OBIGGS 5 is inoperable.
  • MMEL Master Minimum Equipment List
  • the control module 4 may be configured to receive the monitoring signal of the monitoring unit 3. Depending on the monitoring signal, the control module 4 may then be configured to select one of the OBIGGS 5 that may subsequently be used as the supplying system for the second fire suppression agent. In case of a fire or in order to prevent fires in a cargo compartment, the control module 4 may be configured to control the selected OBIGGS 5 to release an inert gas as a second fire suppression agent, for example nitrogen, NEA or ODA. This may be done by configuring the control module 4 to open the first valve 8a or the second valve 8b in case of fire in a compartment of an airborne vehicle, depending on the monitoring signal.
  • an inert gas for example nitrogen, NEA or ODA. This may be done by configuring the control module 4 to open the first valve 8a or the second valve 8b in case of fire in a compartment of an airborne vehicle, depending on the monitoring signal.
  • Fig. 3 shows a method 30 for fire suppression in an airborne vehicle.
  • the airborne vehicle may for example be an aircraft 20 having a fuel tank inerting system including at least two on-board inert gas generating systems and a halon-based fire suppression subsystem configured to release halon as a first fire suppression agent, as depicted in Fig. 2 .
  • the method 30 may be used to operate a fire suppression system 10 as depicted in Fig. 1 .
  • the method comprises as a first step 31 monitoring the operability of the at least two on-board inert gas generating systems.
  • a second step 32 outputting a monitoring signal indicating the state of operability of the at least two on-board inert gas generating systems is performed.
  • the method 30 comprises selecting one of the at least two on-board inert gas generating systems depending on the monitoring signal.
  • the halon-based fire suppression subsystem is controlled to release halon as a first fire suppression agent.
  • the selected on-board inert gas generating system is controlled to release an inert gas as a second fire suppression agent.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
EP12153704.7A 2012-02-02 2012-02-02 Brandbekämpfungssystem und Verfahren zur Brandbekämpfung in einem Luftfahrzeug Not-in-force EP2623159B1 (de)

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EP2623159A1 true EP2623159A1 (de) 2013-08-07
EP2623159B1 EP2623159B1 (de) 2018-06-13

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017168199A1 (en) * 2016-03-31 2017-10-05 Behbahani-Pour Mohammed Javad System, apparatus, and method of preventing fuel tank explosion
EP3228364A1 (de) * 2016-04-04 2017-10-11 Kidde Graviner Limited Brandunterdrückungssystem und -verfahren
WO2017182733A1 (fr) * 2016-04-22 2017-10-26 Zodiac Aerotechnics Dispositif de distribution et d'injection d'un gaz d'inertage dans un reservoir de carburant d'un aeronef
US10179308B2 (en) 2016-04-13 2019-01-15 Carleton Life Support Systems Inc. On-board inert gas generating system prognostic health monitoring
US10286235B2 (en) 2017-02-22 2019-05-14 The Boeing Company Systems and methods for flammability reduction and ventilation using nitrogen-enriched gas for transportation vehicle protection
US11536154B2 (en) 2018-04-11 2022-12-27 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for providing power and fire suppression using a turbo pump, compressed gas, and an OBIGGS
US11717839B2 (en) 2020-11-25 2023-08-08 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Nozzle configurations to create a vortex of fire suppression agent

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US4643260A (en) * 1985-09-26 1987-02-17 The Boeing Company Fire suppression system with controlled secondary extinguishant discharge
GB2374007A (en) * 2001-04-04 2002-10-09 Kidde Plc Fire / explosion protection system and method, using inert gas produced in low temperature catalytic oxidation of organic fuel
EP1306801A1 (de) 2000-07-07 2003-05-02 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Teileerkennungsdatenerzeugungsverfahren und vorrichtung, anbringvorrichtung für elektronische teile und aufzeichnungsmedium
US20030136879A1 (en) * 2001-10-26 2003-07-24 Thomas Grabow System for extinguishing and suppressing fire in an enclosed space in an aircraft
US20050224654A1 (en) * 2004-02-10 2005-10-13 Loss Kevin L Methods and systems for controlling flammability control systems in aircraft and other vehicles
US6997970B2 (en) 2002-06-25 2006-02-14 Carleton Life Support Systems, Inc. Oxygen/inert gas generator
US20100236796A1 (en) * 2009-03-23 2010-09-23 Adam Chattaway Fire suppression system and method
EP2289600A1 (de) * 2009-08-28 2011-03-02 Kidde Technologies Inc. Feuerunterdrückungssystem mit Druckregulierung

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US4643260A (en) * 1985-09-26 1987-02-17 The Boeing Company Fire suppression system with controlled secondary extinguishant discharge
EP1306801A1 (de) 2000-07-07 2003-05-02 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Teileerkennungsdatenerzeugungsverfahren und vorrichtung, anbringvorrichtung für elektronische teile und aufzeichnungsmedium
GB2374007A (en) * 2001-04-04 2002-10-09 Kidde Plc Fire / explosion protection system and method, using inert gas produced in low temperature catalytic oxidation of organic fuel
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EP2289600A1 (de) * 2009-08-28 2011-03-02 Kidde Technologies Inc. Feuerunterdrückungssystem mit Druckregulierung

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2585169A (en) * 2016-03-31 2020-12-30 Mohammed Javad Behbahani Pour System, apparatus, and method of preventing fuel tank explosion
GB2568392A (en) * 2016-03-31 2019-05-15 Mohammed Javad Behbahani Pour System, apparatus, and method of preventing fuel tank explosion
US10858118B2 (en) 2016-03-31 2020-12-08 Mohammed Javad Behbahani-Pour System, apparatus, and method of preventing fuel tank explosion
GB2568392B (en) * 2016-03-31 2020-12-16 Mohammed Javad Behbahani Pour System, apparatus, and method of preventing fuel tank explosion
WO2017168199A1 (en) * 2016-03-31 2017-10-05 Behbahani-Pour Mohammed Javad System, apparatus, and method of preventing fuel tank explosion
GB2585169B (en) * 2016-03-31 2021-04-14 Mohammed Javad Behbahani Pour System, apparatus, and method of preventing fuel tank explosion
EP3228364A1 (de) * 2016-04-04 2017-10-11 Kidde Graviner Limited Brandunterdrückungssystem und -verfahren
US10179308B2 (en) 2016-04-13 2019-01-15 Carleton Life Support Systems Inc. On-board inert gas generating system prognostic health monitoring
WO2017182733A1 (fr) * 2016-04-22 2017-10-26 Zodiac Aerotechnics Dispositif de distribution et d'injection d'un gaz d'inertage dans un reservoir de carburant d'un aeronef
FR3050438A1 (fr) * 2016-04-22 2017-10-27 Zodiac Aerotechnics Dispositif de distribution et d'injection d'un gaz d'inertage dans un reservoir de carburant d'un aeronef
US10286235B2 (en) 2017-02-22 2019-05-14 The Boeing Company Systems and methods for flammability reduction and ventilation using nitrogen-enriched gas for transportation vehicle protection
US11536154B2 (en) 2018-04-11 2022-12-27 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for providing power and fire suppression using a turbo pump, compressed gas, and an OBIGGS
US11717839B2 (en) 2020-11-25 2023-08-08 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Nozzle configurations to create a vortex of fire suppression agent

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