EP2622186A1 - Exhaust gas system - Google Patents

Exhaust gas system

Info

Publication number
EP2622186A1
EP2622186A1 EP11763725.6A EP11763725A EP2622186A1 EP 2622186 A1 EP2622186 A1 EP 2622186A1 EP 11763725 A EP11763725 A EP 11763725A EP 2622186 A1 EP2622186 A1 EP 2622186A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
internal combustion
combustion engine
gas purification
exhaust
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11763725.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2622186B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Maus
Rolf BRÜCK
Klaus MÜLLER-HAAS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vitesco Technologies Lohmar Verwaltungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH filed Critical Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
Publication of EP2622186A1 publication Critical patent/EP2622186A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2622186B1 publication Critical patent/EP2622186B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1805—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1805—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
    • F01N13/1811—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N13/1822—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration for fixing exhaust pipes or devices to vehicle body
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0232—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles removing incombustible material from a particle filter, e.g. ash
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2290/00—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes
    • F01N2290/08—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes with oscillating or vibrating movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust system with an exhaust gas purification component, an exhaust pipe, a connection device and a fastening element.
  • a motor vehicle with an exhaust system and a method for operating the motor vehicle is specified.
  • Exhaust gas purification components may have different functions in exhaust systems of internal combustion engines.
  • the exhaust gas purification components are used as catalyst carrier bodies, as adsorbers, as filters, as flow mixers and / or as particle separators.
  • These exhaust gas purification components typically have passages or channels through which a fluid can flow, which if appropriate are at least partially (catalytically) coated and / or formed with a filter material.
  • the exhaust gas which flows into a channel can also be caused by deflection structures to partially pass through the channel walls, so that, for example, filter materials or deposition surfaces for particles and / or intimate contact with a catalytically active surface are achieved.
  • the deposited soot particles, ash and / or carbon particles can be reacted at least temporarily by high exhaust gas temperatures, in the presence of NO 2 (nitrogen dioxide) and / or by a catalytically active coating.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to solve the problems described with reference to the prior art at least partially and in particular to provide an exhaust system with the elimination of non-convertible into gaseous particles (such as ash) from the critical areas of the exhaust system can be done.
  • an exhaust system with at least one exhaust gas purification component, at least one exhaust pipe, at least one connecting device for connecting the exhaust system to an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle and at least one fastening element for additional fastening of the exhaust system to the motor vehicle, wherein at least one exhaust gas cleaning component in a mounted state to vibrations with a first resonance frequency range of less than 300 Hz [1 / sec], preferably of less than 150 Hz can be excited, wherein the exhaust gas cleaning component in a fixed state is preferably excitable to vibrations with a first resonant frequency range of at least 50 Hz.
  • An exhaust gas purification component is understood in particular to mean at least one of the following components: honeycomb body, filter, separator, catalyst carrier body, adsorber and flow mixer.
  • This exhaust gas purification components are arranged in the exhaust pipe or an exhaust gas recirculation line of an internal combustion engine associated exhaust system and thus exposed to the exhaust gas.
  • Under a connection device such elements are understood, via which the exhaust system is directly connected or contacted with the internal combustion engine.
  • the connecting device can be designed as a flange which is screwed to the internal combustion engine.
  • the connecting device can also be realized via a welded joint of the exhaust system with the internal combustion engine.
  • the connecting device is usually followed by the exhaust gas line, through which the exhaust gas is guided and in which the at least one exhaust gas purification component is arranged.
  • the exhaust system is connected via at least one further fastening element to the motor vehicle.
  • the at least one fastening element can produce a rigid or elastic connection of the exhaust system to the motor vehicle.
  • the at least one fastening element is provided in particular on the underbody of the motor vehicle and comprises z. B. at least one holder which fixes the exhaust system away from the internal combustion engine in the desired position.
  • the exhaust system Under a fastened state is understood in particular that the exhaust system is clamped to the connecting device and the at least one fastener according to the intended use. To determine the resonance frequency, the exhaust system is thus either mounted as intended in a motor vehicle or clamped in a test stand as in the intended use.
  • the resonance frequencies of the at least one exhaust gas purification component of the exhaust gas system can be determined by numerical methods in simulations. In addition, an experimental determination of the resonance frequencies of the exhaust gas cleaning components arranged in the exhaust system is also possible.
  • the exhaust system is clamped as in the operation of the internal combustion engine, for. B. in up to three (3) mutually orthogonal directions successively excited by a vibration source having an amplitude of at least 1 mm [millimeters] in the spatial direction.
  • the vibration source passes through an excitation frequency of z. 1 Hz up to 16,000 Hz.
  • a vibration amplitude is recorded at various points of the exhaust system, in particular at the exhaust gas purification components, as a function of the excitation frequency.
  • the frequency at which maximum amplitudes are determined is called the resonant frequency.
  • the resonant frequency range is a 10 Hz, preferably 5 Hz, more preferably 2 Hz, wide frequency interval, which centrally surrounds the resonant frequency.
  • the resonance for the frequency range across the half-width of the resonance frequency can be determined in a representation of the oscillation amplitude by exciting the frequency, the resonance frequency range being at most 10 times, preferably at most 5 times, particularly preferably at most 3 times the half width equivalent.
  • the exhaust system can be excited by vibrations to vibrations.
  • the vibrations can be characterized at a given location of the exhaust system by an amplitude and a frequency.
  • the amplitude and the frequency do not have to match at all locations of the exhaust system.
  • Vibrations with frequencies in a first resonant frequency range are, in particular, those oscillations which an exhaust-gas purification component as a whole carries out, that is to say in particular those oscillations with which a housing of the exhaust-gas-cleaning component oscillates from its rest position. With the vibrations the housing from its rest position swing with all components of the emission control component. Damped mounted in the housing components may oscillate with a lower amplitude than the housing itself.
  • vibrations with a frequency in the first resonant frequency range are transmitted to all components unattenuated.
  • rigid structures of the emission control system such as the housing oscillate with a relatively small amplitude
  • soft elements of the exhaust gas purification component such as the filter material
  • swing with a larger amplitude As a result of the vibrations of the exhaust gas purification component, the ash particles and / or soot particles deposited in the exhaust gas purification component are thus also excited to oscillate. Due to their different inertia from the attachment point, the deposited particles can detach from the point of contact and reach, for example, the surface. B. back into the exhaust stream.
  • the exhaust gas purifying component By exciting the exhaust gas purifying component at a frequency in the first resonance frequency range, the exhaust gas purifying component carries out vibrations having a large amplitude, thereby releasing the particles from their attachment sites.
  • the first resonance frequency range of less than 300 Hz and in particular of less than 150 Hz is selected so that at least one exhaust gas cleaning component can be excited to vibrate, at least when starting or stopping the internal combustion engine by vibrations of the internal combustion engine. Since the internal combustion engine undergoes vibrations at frequencies from 0 Hz to frequencies of 300 Hz, which can be assigned to the idling speed at startup, the exhaust gas purification component is cleaned at least once during operation of the internal combustion engine by the vibrations.
  • the resonance frequency range is more than 50 Hz, excitation of vibrations of the exhaust gas purifying component by vibrations resulting from road irregularities during running is prevented.
  • frequencies from the first resonant frequency range are achieved by designing at least two of the following components:
  • the mechanical properties of the aforementioned components are thus matched to one another such that a first resonance frequency range of less than 300 Hz or even less than 150 Hz is realized.
  • mechanical properties is meant in particular the mass, the flexural strength, the modulus of elasticity of the components and / or their joints.
  • the at least one exhaust gas purification component for a fluid through which can flow channels having walls which are formed at least partially with filter material and a plurality into the channels hineinra- ing structures.
  • the fluid flowing in one passage may flow to an adjacent passage through a filtering material which receives the particulates and / or the ashes.
  • the channels are arranged in layers.
  • the exhaust gas can thus be deflected in two orthogonal directions. It is advantageous if the at least one exhaust gas purification component can oscillate in at least one of the deflection directions.
  • the soot particles and / or carbon particles deposited in the filter material can be accelerated in both directions from the rest position to a channel.
  • the at least one exhaust gas cleaning component has at least one component which has a second resonant frequency range of more than 500 Hz, preferably more than 800 Hz, particularly preferably more than 1000 Hz.
  • the second resonance frequency range characterizes a component of the exhaust gas purification component itself.
  • the components of the at least one exhaust gas purification component are in particular the structures and / or the walls of the channels, in particular the filter material. The second resonant frequency range is thus outside of the vibration frequencies normally generated by an internal combustion engine.
  • the components of the exhaust gas purification component are thus alone (that is, in particular without a corresponding resonance oscillation of the exhaust pipe in this area) just not excitable by the internal combustion engine to vibrations, whereby an unwanted excitation of the components is avoided to vibrations while driving.
  • the second resonant frequency range is determined, in particular, by the fact that the clamped exhaust gas cleaning component is excited with vibrations, wherein the vibrations of the individual components are recorded as a function of the frequency of the exciting oscillations. It is advantageous if the at least one exhaust gas purification component is assigned a vibration element which can excite the exhaust gas purification component to oscillate at a frequency in the second resonance frequency range. As a result of the vibrations, the particles deposited in the exhaust gas purification component are separated from the adsorption set solved. With the aid of the vibrating element, the exhaust gas purifying component can be specifically cleaned during operation of the internal combustion engine in addition to the vibrations caused by the internal combustion engine during starting and stopping.
  • a method for operating a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine and an exhaust system wherein the internal combustion engine is operated during the starting process so that vibrations of the internal combustion engine are excited so long that they are transmitted to an exhaust gas purification component, which are excited to vibrations in a resonant frequency range of less than 150 Hz, so that it is freed of particles.
  • an exhaust gas purification component which are excited to vibrations in a resonant frequency range of less than 150 Hz, so that it is freed of particles.
  • Fig. 1 a motor vehicle with an exhaust system according to the invention
  • the exhaust system 1 shows schematically a motor vehicle 6 with an internal combustion engine 5 and an exhaust system 1.
  • the exhaust system 1 has an exhaust pipe 3 with two (integrated) exhaust gas purification components 2, a connection device 4 and two fastening elements 7.
  • the Exhaust system 1 is connected via the connecting device 4 to the internal combustion engine 5 and connected via the fastening elements 7 in addition to the motor vehicle 6.
  • On the exhaust pipe 3 detectors 17 are further arranged, which are connected via data lines 18 to a control unit 19.
  • the one exhaust gas purification component 2 is further associated with a vibrating element 9, which is also connected via the data line 18 to the control unit 19.
  • the control unit 19 is also connected to the internal combustion engine 5.
  • the mechanical properties of the exhaust gas purification component 2, the exhaust pipe 3, the connecting device 4 and the fastening element 7 are coordinated so that at least one exhaust gas cleaning component 2 has a first resonant frequency range of below 300 Hz or even below 150 Hz, but above 50 Hz up. In this way it is ensured that when starting the internal combustion engine 5 by transferring the vibrations of the internal combustion engine 5 to the exhaust system 1, which is at least one exhaust gas cleaning component 2 is vibrated, so that in the exhaust gas purification component 2 deposited particles are released. An excitation of vibrations due to road bumps while driving is avoided. Exciting the exhaust gas purifying component 2 to vibrations during idling of the internal combustion engine 5 and / or under load can thus be practically avoided (if desired).
  • the control unit 19 controls the injection processes in such a way that oscillations with frequencies from a first resonant frequency range are preferably excited.
  • the detectors 17 determine parameters of the exhaust gas such as pressure, temperature and / or exhaust gas composition, in the exhaust pipe 3 and send them to the control unit 19.
  • the control unit 19 can after predetermined intervals and / or at predetermined parameters of the internal combustion engine 5 and / or predefinable Parameters of the exhaust gas, the vibrating element 9 a signal for carrying out vibrato give onen.
  • the vibrating element 9 in particular carries out vibrations with frequencies greater than 500 Hz [1 / sec].
  • the frequency of the exciting vibration can be adjusted so that the exhaust gas purification component 2 is excited at a frequency in a second resonant frequency range of the components 8 of the exhaust gas purification component 2.
  • the exhaust gas purifying component 2 may be excited alternately at different frequencies by the vibrating element 9.
  • the exciting amplitude of the vibrating element 9 is preferably less than 1 mm.
  • the exhaust gas purification component 2 is carried out during operation of the internal combustion engine 5, so that in the exhaust gas purification component 2 deposited, unreacted in a regeneration, particles are dissolved and entrained by the exhaust gas flow of the internal combustion engine.
  • the vibrating element 9 may be, for example, a piezoelectric element or an electric motor.
  • the exhaust gas purification component 2 shows a section of an exhaust gas purification component 2.
  • the exhaust gas purification component 2 has channels 11, into which the exhaust gas flows in an original flow direction 16.
  • the channels 11 are formed by channel walls 13 which have passages 15 and are partially formed by filter material 12.
  • the channel walls 13 may include structures 14 (eg, corrugated metal foils) that redirect the exhaust gas.
  • the arrows indicate the flow direction of the exhaust gas.
  • the exhaust gas carries particles 10 with it and is deflected by the structures 14 such that the particles 10 can deposit in the filter material 12. As a rule, soot particles and ash are converted during the regeneration of the exhaust gas purification component 2 to carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
  • the present invention makes it possible to remove ash residues from an exhaust gas purification component 2 during starting of the motor vehicle 6, thereby reducing the maintenance effort for such and permitting efficient operation of the exhaust gas purification component 2 in the long term.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an exhaust gas system (1), comprising at least one exhaust gas treatment component (2), at least one exhaust gas line (3), at least one connecting device (4) for connecting the exhaust gas system (1) to an internal combustion engine (5) of a motor vehicle (6), and at least one fastening element (7) for additionally fastening the exhaust gas system (1) to the motor vehicle (6). At least one exhaust gas treatment component (2) can be caused to oscillate at a first resonance frequency range of less than 150 Hz in a fastened state. The at least one exhaust gas treatment component (2) can be caused to oscillate by means of vibrations of the internal combustion engine (5) at least when the internal combustion engine (5) is started or switched off. The present invention in particular allows ash residues to be removed from an exhaust gas treatment component (2) during the starting of the motor vehicle (6), whereby the maintenance expense for such an exhaust gas treatment component is reduced and effective operation of the exhaust gas treatment component (2) is possible in the long term.

Description

Abgasanlage Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Abgasanlage mit einer Abgasreinigungskomponente, einer Abgasleitung, einer Anschlussvorrichtung und einem Befestigungselement. Darüber hinaus wird ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Abgasanlage und ein Verfahren zum Betreiben des Kraftfahrzeugs angegeben.  The present invention relates to an exhaust system with an exhaust gas purification component, an exhaust pipe, a connection device and a fastening element. In addition, a motor vehicle with an exhaust system and a method for operating the motor vehicle is specified.
Abgasreinigungskomponenten können in Abgasanlagen von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen unterschiedliche Funktionen haben. So werden die Abgasreinigungskomponenten bspw. als Katalysator-Trägerkörper, als Adsorber, als Filter, als Strömungsmischer und/oder als Partikelabscheider eingesetzt. Diese Abgasreinigungskomponenten weisen typischerweise für ein Fluid durchströmbare Durchgänge oder Kanäle auf, die gegebenenfalls zumindest teilweise (katalytisch) beschichtet und/oder mit einem Filtermaterial ausgebildet sind. Das Abgas, das in einen Kanal einströmt, kann auch durch Umlenkstrukturen dazu veran- lasst werden, die Kanalwände teilweise zu passieren, so dass zum Beispiel Filtermaterialien oder Abscheideoberflächen für Partikel und/oder ein inniger Kontakt mit einer katalytisch aktiven Fläche erreicht werden. Die abgelagerten Rußpartikel, Asche und/oder Kohlenstoffpartikel können durch hohe Abgastemperaturen, in Anwesenheit von N02 (Stickstoffdio- xid) und/oder durch eine katalytisch wirkende Beschichtung zumindest zeitweise umgesetzt werden. Exhaust gas purification components may have different functions in exhaust systems of internal combustion engines. For example, the exhaust gas purification components are used as catalyst carrier bodies, as adsorbers, as filters, as flow mixers and / or as particle separators. These exhaust gas purification components typically have passages or channels through which a fluid can flow, which if appropriate are at least partially (catalytically) coated and / or formed with a filter material. The exhaust gas which flows into a channel can also be caused by deflection structures to partially pass through the channel walls, so that, for example, filter materials or deposition surfaces for particles and / or intimate contact with a catalytically active surface are achieved. The deposited soot particles, ash and / or carbon particles can be reacted at least temporarily by high exhaust gas temperatures, in the presence of NO 2 (nitrogen dioxide) and / or by a catalytically active coating.
Es kommt jedoch vor, dass die abgelagerten Rußpartikel und/oder Kohlenstoffpartikel bzw. die Asche nicht vollständig umgesetzt werden. Sammeln sich solche nicht umgesetzten Rückstände in dem Filtermaterial und/oder an den Kanalwänden an, insbesondere an den Übergangsstellen zwischen den benachbarten Kanälen, kann eine Abgasreinigungskomponente zumindest teilweise verstopfen. Dies kann zu einem erhöhten Druckabfall des Abgases über der Abgasreinigungskomponente und da- mit zu einer Effizienzverringerung der Verbrennungskraftmaschine führen. Außerdem kann so die katalytisch aktive Oberfläche teilweise bedeckt und damit reduziert werden, was ebenfalls unerwünscht ist. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, die mit Bezug auf den Stand der Technik geschilderten Probleme zumindest teilweise zu lösen und insbesondere eine Abgasanlage anzugeben, mit der eine Beseitigung von nicht in gasförmige Stoffe umwandelbaren Partikeln (wie zum Beispiel Asche) aus den kritischen Bereichen der Abgasanlage erfolgen kann. However, it happens that the deposited soot particles and / or carbon particles or the ashes are not fully implemented. If such unreacted residues accumulate in the filter material and / or on the channel walls, in particular at the transition points between the adjacent channels, an exhaust gas cleaning component can at least partially clog. This can lead to an increased pressure drop of the exhaust gas over the exhaust gas purification component and lead to an efficiency reduction of the internal combustion engine. In addition, as the catalytically active surface can be partially covered and thus reduced, which is also undesirable. The object of the invention is therefore to solve the problems described with reference to the prior art at least partially and in particular to provide an exhaust system with the elimination of non-convertible into gaseous particles (such as ash) from the critical areas of the exhaust system can be done.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst mit einer Abgasanlage und einem Verfahren gemäß den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Patentansprüche. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Patentansprüchen angegeben und im Folgenden näher beschrieben. Es ist da- rauf hinzuweisen, dass die in den abhängigen Patentansprüchen einzeln aufgeführten Merkmale in beliebiger, technologisch sinnvoller, Weise miteinander kombiniert werden können und weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung definieren. Darüber hinaus werden die in den Patentansprüchen angegeben Merkmale in der Beschreibung näher präzisiert und er- läutert, wobei weitere bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung dargestellt werden. This object is achieved with an exhaust system and a method according to the features of the independent claims. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims and described in more detail below. It should be pointed out that the features listed individually in the dependent claims can be combined with one another in any technologically meaningful manner and define further embodiments of the invention. In addition, the features specified in the claims are specified and explained in detail in the description, wherein further preferred embodiments of the invention are shown.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Abgasanlage mit mindestens einer Abgasreinigungskomponente, mindestens einer Abgasleitung, mindestens einer Anschlussvorrichtung zum Anschließen der Abgasanlage an eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeugs und mindestens einem Befestigungselement zum zusätzlichen Befestigen der Abgasanlage am Kraftfahrzeug, wobei zumindest eine Abgasreinigungskomponente in einem befestigten Zustand zu Schwingungen mit einem ersten Resonanz- frequenzbereich von weniger als 300 Hz [1/sec], bevorzugt von weniger als 150 Hz anregbar ist, wobei die Abgasreinigungskomponente in einem befestigten Zustand bevorzugt zu Schwingungen mit einem ersten Resonanzfrequenzbereich von mindestens 50 Hz anregbar ist. Unter einer Abgasreinigungskomponente wird insbesondere zumindest eine der folgenden Komponenten verstanden: Wabenkörper, Filter, Abscheider, Katalysator-Trägerkörper, Adsorber und Strömungsmischer. Diese Abgasreinigungskomponenten sind in der Abgasleitung bzw. einer Abgasrückführleitung der einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine zugeordneten Abgasanlage angeordnet und damit dem Abgas ausgesetzt. Hierfür ist die ARK mit der Abgasleitung z. B. kraftschlüssig und/oder formschlüssig und/oder stoffschlüssig verbunden bzw. in Kontakt. Unter einer Anschlussvorrichtung werden solche Elemente verstanden, über die die Abgasanlage mit der Verbrennungskraftmaschine direkt verbunden bzw. kontaktiert wird. Die Anschlussvorrichtung kann als ein Flansch ausgeführt sein, der an die Verbrennungskraftmaschine angeschraubt wird. Die Anschlussvorrichtung kann aber auch über eine Schweißverbindung der Abgasanlage mit der Verbrennungskraftmaschine realisiert sein. An die Anschlussvorrichtung schließt sich üblicherweise die Abgasleitung an, durch die das Abgas geführt wird und in der die mindestens eine Abgasreinigungskomponente angeordnet ist. Die Abgasanlage ist über zumindest ein weiteres Befestigungselement mit dem Kraftfahrzeug verbunden. Das mindestens eine Befestigungselement kann eine starre oder elastische Verbindung der Abgasanlage mit dem Kraftfahrzeug herstellen. Das mindestens eine Befestigungselement ist insbesondere am Unterboden des Kraftfahrzeugs vorgesehen und umfasst z. B. mindesten einen Halter, der die Abgasanlage entfernt zur Verbrennungs- kraftmaschine in der gewünschten Lage fixiert. The object is achieved by an exhaust system with at least one exhaust gas purification component, at least one exhaust pipe, at least one connecting device for connecting the exhaust system to an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle and at least one fastening element for additional fastening of the exhaust system to the motor vehicle, wherein at least one exhaust gas cleaning component in a mounted state to vibrations with a first resonance frequency range of less than 300 Hz [1 / sec], preferably of less than 150 Hz can be excited, wherein the exhaust gas cleaning component in a fixed state is preferably excitable to vibrations with a first resonant frequency range of at least 50 Hz. An exhaust gas purification component is understood in particular to mean at least one of the following components: honeycomb body, filter, separator, catalyst carrier body, adsorber and flow mixer. This exhaust gas purification components are arranged in the exhaust pipe or an exhaust gas recirculation line of an internal combustion engine associated exhaust system and thus exposed to the exhaust gas. For this purpose, the ARK with the exhaust pipe z. B. positively and / or positively and / or materially connected or in contact. Under a connection device such elements are understood, via which the exhaust system is directly connected or contacted with the internal combustion engine. The connecting device can be designed as a flange which is screwed to the internal combustion engine. The connecting device can also be realized via a welded joint of the exhaust system with the internal combustion engine. The connecting device is usually followed by the exhaust gas line, through which the exhaust gas is guided and in which the at least one exhaust gas purification component is arranged. The exhaust system is connected via at least one further fastening element to the motor vehicle. The at least one fastening element can produce a rigid or elastic connection of the exhaust system to the motor vehicle. The at least one fastening element is provided in particular on the underbody of the motor vehicle and comprises z. B. at least one holder which fixes the exhaust system away from the internal combustion engine in the desired position.
Unter einem befestigtem Zustand wird insbesondere verstanden, dass die Abgasanlage an der Anschlussvorrichtung und dem mindestens einen Befestigungselement entsprechend dem bestimmungsgemäßen Einsatz eingespannt ist. Zur Bestimmung der Resonanzfrequenz ist die Abgasanlage also entweder bestimmungsgemäß in einem Kraftfahrzeug angebracht oder aber in einem Versuchsstand wie beim bestimmungsgemäßen Einsatz eingespannt. Die Resonanzfrequenzen der mindestens einen Abgasreinigungskomponente der Abgasanlage können zum einen durch numerische Verfahren in Simulationen bestimmt werden. Darüber hinaus ist auch eine experimentelle Bestimmung der Resonanzfrequenzen der in der Abgasanlage ange- ordneten Abgasreinigungskomponenten möglich. Dazu wird die Abgasanlage, eingespannt wie im Betrieb der Verbrennungskraftmaschine, z. B. in bis zu drei (3) zueinander orthogonalen Richtungen nacheinander von einer Schwingungsquelle mit einer Amplitude von mindestens 1 mm [Millimeter] in die Raumrichtung angeregt. Die Schwingungsquelle durchläuft eine Anregungsfrequenz von z. B. 1 Hz bis zu 16.000 Hz. Zur Bestimmung der Resonanzfrequenz wird eine Schwingungsamplitude an verschiedenen Stellen der Abgasanlage, insbesondere an den Abgasreinigungskomponenten, als Funktion der Anregungsfrequenz aufgenommen. Die Frequenz, bei der maximale Amplituden bestimmt werden, wird als Resonanzfrequenz bezeichnet. Under a fastened state is understood in particular that the exhaust system is clamped to the connecting device and the at least one fastener according to the intended use. To determine the resonance frequency, the exhaust system is thus either mounted as intended in a motor vehicle or clamped in a test stand as in the intended use. The resonance frequencies of the at least one exhaust gas purification component of the exhaust gas system can be determined by numerical methods in simulations. In addition, an experimental determination of the resonance frequencies of the exhaust gas cleaning components arranged in the exhaust system is also possible. For this purpose, the exhaust system is clamped as in the operation of the internal combustion engine, for. B. in up to three (3) mutually orthogonal directions successively excited by a vibration source having an amplitude of at least 1 mm [millimeters] in the spatial direction. The vibration source passes through an excitation frequency of z. 1 Hz up to 16,000 Hz. To determine the resonant frequency, a vibration amplitude is recorded at various points of the exhaust system, in particular at the exhaust gas purification components, as a function of the excitation frequency. The frequency at which maximum amplitudes are determined is called the resonant frequency.
Als Resonanzfrequenzbereich wird ein 10 Hz, bevorzugt 5 Hz, besonders bevorzugt 2 Hz, breites Frequenzintervall bezeichnet, welches zentral die Resonanzfrequenz umschließt. Alternativ kann der Resonanz fr equenzbe- reich über die Halbwertsbreite der Resonanzfrequenz in einer Darstellung der Schwingungsamplitude über Anregen der Frequenz bestimmt werden, wobei der Resonanzfrequenzbereich höchstens das 10-fache, bevorzugt höchstens das 5-fache, besonders bevorzugt höchstens das 3-fache der Halbwertsbreite entspricht. The resonant frequency range is a 10 Hz, preferably 5 Hz, more preferably 2 Hz, wide frequency interval, which centrally surrounds the resonant frequency. Alternatively, the resonance for the frequency range across the half-width of the resonance frequency can be determined in a representation of the oscillation amplitude by exciting the frequency, the resonance frequency range being at most 10 times, preferably at most 5 times, particularly preferably at most 3 times the half width equivalent.
Die Abgasanlage kann durch Vibrationen zu Schwingungen angeregt werden. Die Schwingungen können an einem vorgegebenen Ort der Abgasanlage durch eine Amplitude und eine Frequenz charakterisiert werden. Dabei müssen die Amplitude und die Frequenz nicht an allen Orten der Ab- gasanlage übereinstimmen. Schwingungen mit Frequenzen in einem ersten Resonanzfrequenzbereich sind insbesondere solche Schwingungen, die eine Abgasreinigungskomponente als Ganzes ausführt, also insbesondere solche Schwingungen, mit denen ein Gehäuse der Abgasreinigungskomponente aus seiner Ruhelage schwingt. Mit den Schwingungen des Gehäuses aus seiner Ruhelage schwingen auch alle Bauteile der Abgasreinigungskomponente mit. Gedämpft in dem Gehäuse angebrachte Bauteile schwingen ggf. mit einer geringeren Amplitude als das Gehäuse selbst. Es ist allerdings bevorzugt, dass Schwingungen mit einer Frequenz in dem ersten Resonanzfrequenzbereich auf alle Bauteile ungedämpft übertragen werden. Es ist aber auch denkbar, dass starre Strukturen der Abgasreinigungsanlage, wie beispielsweise das Gehäuse mit einer relativ geringen Amplitude schwingen, während weiche Elemente der Abgasreinigungskomponente, wie beispielsweise das Filtermaterial, mit einer grö- ßeren Amplitude schwingen. Durch die Schwingungen der Abgasreinigungskomponente werden somit auch die in der Abgasreinigungskomponente abgelagerten Aschepartikel und/oder Rußpartikel zu Schwingungen angeregt. Aufgrund ihrer von der Anlagerungsstelle unterschiedlichen Massenträgheit können sich die abgelagerten Teilchen von der Anlage- rungsstelle lösen und gelangen z. B. zurück in den Abgasstrom. The exhaust system can be excited by vibrations to vibrations. The vibrations can be characterized at a given location of the exhaust system by an amplitude and a frequency. The amplitude and the frequency do not have to match at all locations of the exhaust system. Vibrations with frequencies in a first resonant frequency range are, in particular, those oscillations which an exhaust-gas purification component as a whole carries out, that is to say in particular those oscillations with which a housing of the exhaust-gas-cleaning component oscillates from its rest position. With the vibrations the housing from its rest position swing with all components of the emission control component. Damped mounted in the housing components may oscillate with a lower amplitude than the housing itself. However, it is preferred that vibrations with a frequency in the first resonant frequency range are transmitted to all components unattenuated. However, it is also conceivable that rigid structures of the emission control system, such as the housing oscillate with a relatively small amplitude, while soft elements of the exhaust gas purification component, such as the filter material, swing with a larger amplitude. As a result of the vibrations of the exhaust gas purification component, the ash particles and / or soot particles deposited in the exhaust gas purification component are thus also excited to oscillate. Due to their different inertia from the attachment point, the deposited particles can detach from the point of contact and reach, for example, the surface. B. back into the exhaust stream.
Durch eine Anregung der Abgasreinigungskomponente mit einer Frequenz im ersten Resonanzfrequenzbereich führt die Abgasreinigungskomponente Schwingungen mit einer großen Amplitude aus, wodurch die Partikel von ihren Anlagerungsstellen gelöst werden. By exciting the exhaust gas purifying component at a frequency in the first resonance frequency range, the exhaust gas purifying component carries out vibrations having a large amplitude, thereby releasing the particles from their attachment sites.
Der erste Resonanzfrequenzbereich von weniger als 300 Hz und insbesondere von weniger als 150 Hz wird so gewählt, dass mindestens eine Abgasreinigungskomponente zumindest beim Starten oder Ausschalten der Verbrennungskraftmaschine durch Vibrationen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine zu Schwingungen anregbar ist. Da die Verbrennungskraftmaschine beim Starten Vibrationen mit Frequenzen von 0 Hz bis zu Frequenzen von 300 Hz, die der Leerlaufdrehzahl zugeordnet werden können, durchläuft, wird die Abgasreinigungskomponente mindestens einmal beim Betrieb der Verbrennungskraftmaschine durch die Vibrationen gereinigt. Wenn der Resonanzfrequenzbereich mehr als 50 Hz beträgt, wird ein Anregen von Schwingungen der Abgasreinigungskomponente durch Schwingungen, die von Straßenunebenheiten während der Fahrt herrühren, verhindert. Bevorzugt werden Frequenzen aus dem ersten Resonanzirequenzbereich durch Auslegen von mindestens zwei der folgenden Komponenten erreicht: The first resonance frequency range of less than 300 Hz and in particular of less than 150 Hz is selected so that at least one exhaust gas cleaning component can be excited to vibrate, at least when starting or stopping the internal combustion engine by vibrations of the internal combustion engine. Since the internal combustion engine undergoes vibrations at frequencies from 0 Hz to frequencies of 300 Hz, which can be assigned to the idling speed at startup, the exhaust gas purification component is cleaned at least once during operation of the internal combustion engine by the vibrations. When the resonance frequency range is more than 50 Hz, excitation of vibrations of the exhaust gas purifying component by vibrations resulting from road irregularities during running is prevented. Preferably, frequencies from the first resonant frequency range are achieved by designing at least two of the following components:
- Anschlussvorrichtung, Connecting device,
- Befestigungselement,  - fastener,
- Masse der Abgasreinigungskomponente,  Mass of the exhaust gas purification component,
- Abgasleitung. Insbesondere die mechanischen Eigenschaften der vorgenannten Komponenten werden also so (aufeinander) abgestimmt, dass ein erster Resonanzfrequenzbereich von unter 300 Hz oder sogar unter 150 Hz realisiert wird. Unter den mechanischen Eigenschaften sind insbesondere die Masse, die Biegefestigkeit, das Elastizitätsmodul der Komponenten und/oder ihrer Verbindungsstellen gemeint.  - Exhaust pipe. In particular, the mechanical properties of the aforementioned components are thus matched to one another such that a first resonance frequency range of less than 300 Hz or even less than 150 Hz is realized. By mechanical properties is meant in particular the mass, the flexural strength, the modulus of elasticity of the components and / or their joints.
Vorzugsweise hat die mindestens eine Abgasreinigungskomponente für ein Fluid durchströmbare Kanäle mit Wänden, die zumindest teilweise mit Filtermaterial gebildet sind und eine Mehrzahl in die Kanäle hineinra- gende Strukturen. Durch eine so ausgeführte Abgasreinigungskomponente kann das in einem Kanal strömende Fluid zu einem benachbarten Kanal durch ein Filtermaterial strömen, welches die Partikel und/oder die Asche aufnimmt. Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die Kanäle lagenweise angeordnet. Das Abgas kann somit in zwei orthogonal zuei- nander stehenden Richtungen abgelenkt werden. Hierbei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die mindestens eine Abgasreinigungskomponente in mindestens eine der Ablenkrichtungen schwingen kann. Somit können die in dem Filtermaterial abgelagerten Rußpartikel und/oder Kohlenstoffpartikel in beide Richtungen aus der Ruhelage hin zu einem Kanal beschleunigt wer- den. Die „offene" Ausgestaltung eines solchen Partikelabscheiders hat den Vorteil, dass die Asche auch entfernt werden kann, indem sie durch Vibration hin zum offenen Auslass gefördert wird und den Partikelabscheider verlässt. Zur näheren Beschreibung dieser so genannten offenen Nebenstromfilter ist auf die bekannten Patentveröffentli- chungen der Anmelderin hinzuweisen. Hierbei sei insbesondere auf die WO 00/00326 AI oder WO 2005/099867 AI verwiesen, deren Inhalt zur Charakterisierung dieses offenen Nebenstromfilters herangezogen werden kann. Preferably, the at least one exhaust gas purification component for a fluid through which can flow channels having walls which are formed at least partially with filter material and a plurality into the channels hineinra- ing structures. By thus performing an exhaust gas purifying component, the fluid flowing in one passage may flow to an adjacent passage through a filtering material which receives the particulates and / or the ashes. In a preferred embodiment, the channels are arranged in layers. The exhaust gas can thus be deflected in two orthogonal directions. It is advantageous if the at least one exhaust gas purification component can oscillate in at least one of the deflection directions. Thus, the soot particles and / or carbon particles deposited in the filter material can be accelerated in both directions from the rest position to a channel. The "open" configuration of such a particle separator has the advantage that the ash can also be removed by being conveyed by vibration towards the open outlet and leaving the particle separator. of the applicant. Reference should be made in particular to WO 00/00326 A1 or WO 2005/099867 Al, the content of which can be used to characterize this open bypass filter.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Abgasanlage hat die mindestens eine Abgasreinigungskomponente zumindest ein Bauteil, das einen zweiten Resonanzfrequenzbereich von mehr als 500 Hz, bevorzugt mehr als 800 Hz, besonders bevorzugt mehr als 1000 Hz aufweist. Im Gegensatz zum ersten Resonanzfrequenzbereich, der das Verhalten der befestigten Abgasreinigungskomponente in der Abgasanlage charakterisiert, charakterisiert der zweite Resonanzfrequenzbereich ein Bauteil der Abgasreinigungskomponente selbst. Die Bauteile der mindestens einen Abgasreinigungskomponente sind insbesondere die Strukturen und/oder die Wände der Kanäle, insbesondere das Filtermaterial. Der zweite Resonanzfrequenzbereich liegt somit außerhalb der normalerweise von einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine erzeugten Vibrationsfrequenzen. Die Bauteile der Abgasreinigungskomponente sind somit allein (das heißt insbesondere ohne eine entsprechende Resonanz Schwingung der Abgasleitung in diesem Bereich) gerade nicht von der Verbrennungskraftmaschine zu Schwingungen anregbar, wodurch ein ungewolltes Anregen der Bauteile zu Schwingungen während der Fahrt vermieden wird. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the exhaust system, the at least one exhaust gas cleaning component has at least one component which has a second resonant frequency range of more than 500 Hz, preferably more than 800 Hz, particularly preferably more than 1000 Hz. In contrast to the first resonance frequency range, which characterizes the behavior of the fixed exhaust gas purification component in the exhaust system, the second resonance frequency range characterizes a component of the exhaust gas purification component itself. The components of the at least one exhaust gas purification component are in particular the structures and / or the walls of the channels, in particular the filter material. The second resonant frequency range is thus outside of the vibration frequencies normally generated by an internal combustion engine. The components of the exhaust gas purification component are thus alone (that is, in particular without a corresponding resonance oscillation of the exhaust pipe in this area) just not excitable by the internal combustion engine to vibrations, whereby an unwanted excitation of the components is avoided to vibrations while driving.
Der zweite Resonanzfrequenzbereich wird insbesondere dadurch be- stimmt, in dem die eingespannte Abgasreinigungskomponente mit Vibrationen angeregt wird, wobei die Schwingungen der einzelnen Bauteile in Abhängigkeit der Frequenz der anregenden Schwingungen aufgezeichnet werden. Es ist vorteilhaft, wenn der mindestens einen Abgasreinigungskomponente ein Vibrationselement zugeordnet ist, das die Abgasreinigungskomponente zu Schwingungen mit einer Frequenz im zweiten Resonanzfrequenzbereich anregen kann. Durch die Schwingungen werden die in der Abgasreinigungskomponente abgelagerten Partikel von den Anlagerungs- stellen gelöst. Mit Hilfe des Vibrationselementes kann die Abgasreinigungskomponente zusätzlich zu den von der Verbrennungskraftmaschine beim Starten bzw. Ausschalten verursachten Vibrationen während des Betriebs der Verbrennungskraftmaschine gezielt gereinigt werden. The second resonant frequency range is determined, in particular, by the fact that the clamped exhaust gas cleaning component is excited with vibrations, wherein the vibrations of the individual components are recorded as a function of the frequency of the exciting oscillations. It is advantageous if the at least one exhaust gas purification component is assigned a vibration element which can excite the exhaust gas purification component to oscillate at a frequency in the second resonance frequency range. As a result of the vibrations, the particles deposited in the exhaust gas purification component are separated from the adsorption set solved. With the aid of the vibrating element, the exhaust gas purifying component can be specifically cleaned during operation of the internal combustion engine in addition to the vibrations caused by the internal combustion engine during starting and stopping.
Einem weiteren Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung folgend wird ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Abgasanlage vorgeschlagen. According to another aspect of the present invention, a motor vehicle with an exhaust system according to the invention is proposed.
Noch einem weiteren Aspekt der Erfindung folgend wird ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kraftfahrzeuges mit einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine und einer Abgasanlage vorgeschlagen, wobei die Verbrennungskraftmaschine während des Startvorganges so betrieben wird, dass Vibrationen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine so lange angeregt werden, dass diese auf eine Abgasreinigungskomponente übertragen werden, welche zu Schwingungen in einem Resonanzfrequenzbereich von weniger als 150 Hz angeregt werden, so dass diese von Partikeln befreit wird. Ein solches Verfahren wird insbesondere dadurch realisiert, dass beim Starten des Motors der Einspritz Zeitpunkt und die Einspritz dauer entsprechend gewählt werden. According to still another aspect of the invention, a method for operating a motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine and an exhaust system is proposed, wherein the internal combustion engine is operated during the starting process so that vibrations of the internal combustion engine are excited so long that they are transmitted to an exhaust gas purification component, which are excited to vibrations in a resonant frequency range of less than 150 Hz, so that it is freed of particles. Such a method is realized in particular by the fact that when starting the engine, the injection timing and the injection duration are selected accordingly.
Die Erfindung sowie das technische Umfeld werden nachfolgend anhand der Figuren beispielhaft erläutert. Es ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass die Figuren besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsvarianten der Erfindung zeigen, diese jedoch nicht darauf beschränkt ist. Es zeigen schematisch: The invention and the technical environment will be explained by way of example with reference to the figures. It should be noted that the figures show particularly preferred embodiments of the invention, but this is not limited thereto. They show schematically:
Fig. 1: ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Abgasanlage, und Fig. 1: a motor vehicle with an exhaust system according to the invention, and
Fig. 2: einen Ausschnitt einer Abgasreinigungskomponente. 2: a detail of an exhaust gas purification component.
Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch ein Kraftfahrzeug 6 mit einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine 5 und einer Abgasanlage 1. Die Abgasanlage 1 weist eine Abgasleitung 3 mit zwei (integrierten) Abgasreinigungskomponenten 2, eine Anschlussvorrichtung 4 und zwei Befestigungselemente 7 auf. Die Abgasanlage 1 ist über die Anschlussvorrichtung 4 an der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 5 angeschlossen und über die Befestigungselemente 7 zusätzlich mit dem Kraftfahrzeug 6 verbunden. An der Abgasleitung 3 sind ferner Detektoren 17 angeordnet, die über Datenleitungen 18 mit einer Steuereinheit 19 verbunden sind. Der einen Abgasreinigungskomponente 2 ist ferner ein Vibrationselement 9 zugeordnet, das ebenfalls über die Datenleitung 18 mit der Steuereinheit 19 verbunden ist. Die Steuereinheit 19 ist zudem mit der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 5 verbunden. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Abgasreinigungskomponente 2, der Abgasleitung 3, der Anschlussvorrichtung 4 und des Befestigungselementes 7 sind so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass zumindest eine Abgasreinigungskomponente 2 einen ersten Resonanzfrequenzbereich von unterhalb 300 Hz oder sogar unter 150 Hz aufweist, aber oberhalb 50 Hz auf- weist. Auf diese Weise ist gewährleistet, dass beim Starten der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 5 durch Übertragung der Vibrationen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 5 auf die Abgasanlage 1, die wenigstens eine Abgasreinigungskomponente 2 zu Schwingungen angeregt wird, so dass in der Abgasreinigungskomponente 2 abgelagerte Partikel gelöst werden. Ein Anregen von Schwingungen durch Fahrbahnunebenheiten während der Fahrt ist aber vermieden. Ein Anregen der Abgasreinigungskomponente 2 zu Schwingungen während des Leerlaufes der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 5 und/oder unter Last kann somit (falls gewünscht) praktisch vermieden werden. Die Steuereinheit 19 steuert beim Starten der Verbrennungs- kraftmaschine 5 die Einspritzvorgänge in einer solchen Weise, dass bevorzugt Schwingungen mit Frequenzen aus einem ersten Resonanzfrequenzbereich angeregt werden. 1 shows schematically a motor vehicle 6 with an internal combustion engine 5 and an exhaust system 1. The exhaust system 1 has an exhaust pipe 3 with two (integrated) exhaust gas purification components 2, a connection device 4 and two fastening elements 7. The Exhaust system 1 is connected via the connecting device 4 to the internal combustion engine 5 and connected via the fastening elements 7 in addition to the motor vehicle 6. On the exhaust pipe 3 detectors 17 are further arranged, which are connected via data lines 18 to a control unit 19. The one exhaust gas purification component 2 is further associated with a vibrating element 9, which is also connected via the data line 18 to the control unit 19. The control unit 19 is also connected to the internal combustion engine 5. The mechanical properties of the exhaust gas purification component 2, the exhaust pipe 3, the connecting device 4 and the fastening element 7 are coordinated so that at least one exhaust gas cleaning component 2 has a first resonant frequency range of below 300 Hz or even below 150 Hz, but above 50 Hz up. In this way it is ensured that when starting the internal combustion engine 5 by transferring the vibrations of the internal combustion engine 5 to the exhaust system 1, which is at least one exhaust gas cleaning component 2 is vibrated, so that in the exhaust gas purification component 2 deposited particles are released. An excitation of vibrations due to road bumps while driving is avoided. Exciting the exhaust gas purifying component 2 to vibrations during idling of the internal combustion engine 5 and / or under load can thus be practically avoided (if desired). When starting the internal combustion engine 5, the control unit 19 controls the injection processes in such a way that oscillations with frequencies from a first resonant frequency range are preferably excited.
Die Detektoren 17 ermitteln Parameter des Abgases wie Druck, Tempera- tur und/oder Abgaszusammensetzung, in der Abgasleitung 3 und übersenden diese zur Steuereinheit 19. Die Steuereinheit 19 kann nach vorgebbaren Intervallen und/oder bei vorgebbaren Parametern der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 5 und/oder bei vorgebbaren Parametern des Abgases, dem Vibrationselement 9 ein Signal zum Ausführen von Vibrati- onen geben. Das Vibrationselement 9 führt insbesondere Schwingungen mit Frequenzen größer als 500 Hz [1/sec] aus. Die Frequenz der anregenden Schwingung kann so eingestellt werden, dass die Abgasreinigungskomponente 2 mit einer Frequenz in einem zweiten Resonanzfre- quenzbereich der Bauteile 8 der Abgasreinigungskomponente 2 angeregt wird. Die Abgasreinigungskomponente 2 kann abwechselnd mit verschiedenen Frequenzen durch das Vibrationselement 9 angeregt werden. Die anregende Amplitude des Vibrationselementes 9 ist dabei bevorzugt kleiner als 1 mm. Dabei wird die Abgasreinigungskomponente 2 während des Betriebes der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 5 durchgeführt, so dass in der Abgasreinigungskomponente 2 abgelagerte, bei einer Regeneration nicht umgesetzte, Partikel gelöst und von dem Abgasstrom der Verbrennungskraftmaschine mitgerissen werden. Das Vibrationselement 9 kann bspw. ein piezoelektrisches Element oder ein elektrischer Motor sein. The detectors 17 determine parameters of the exhaust gas such as pressure, temperature and / or exhaust gas composition, in the exhaust pipe 3 and send them to the control unit 19. The control unit 19 can after predetermined intervals and / or at predetermined parameters of the internal combustion engine 5 and / or predefinable Parameters of the exhaust gas, the vibrating element 9 a signal for carrying out vibrato give onen. The vibrating element 9 in particular carries out vibrations with frequencies greater than 500 Hz [1 / sec]. The frequency of the exciting vibration can be adjusted so that the exhaust gas purification component 2 is excited at a frequency in a second resonant frequency range of the components 8 of the exhaust gas purification component 2. The exhaust gas purifying component 2 may be excited alternately at different frequencies by the vibrating element 9. The exciting amplitude of the vibrating element 9 is preferably less than 1 mm. In this case, the exhaust gas purification component 2 is carried out during operation of the internal combustion engine 5, so that in the exhaust gas purification component 2 deposited, unreacted in a regeneration, particles are dissolved and entrained by the exhaust gas flow of the internal combustion engine. The vibrating element 9 may be, for example, a piezoelectric element or an electric motor.
Fig. 2 zeigt einen Ausschnitt einer Abgasreinigungskomponente 2. Die Abgasreinigungskomponente 2 weist Kanäle 11 auf, in die das Abgas mit einer ursprünglichen Strömungsrichtung 16 einströmt. Die Kanäle 11 werden durch Kanalwände 13 gebildet, die Durchlässe 15 aufweisen und teilweise von Filtermaterial 12 gebildet werden. Ferner können die Kanalwände 13 Strukturen 14 (z. B. gewellte Metallfolien) aufweisen, die das Abgas umlenken. Die Pfeile deuten die Flussrichtung des Abgases an. Das Abgas führt Partikel 10 mit sich und wird durch die Strukturen 14 so umgelenkt, dass sich die Partikel 10 in dem Filtermaterial 12 ablagern kön- nen. In der Regel werden Rußpartikel und Asche während der Regeneration der Abgasreinigungskomponente 2 zu Kohlendioxid und Stickstoff umgesetzt. Es kann jedoch passieren, dass diese Umsetzung nicht vollständig erfolgt und sich in Folge dessen das Filtermaterial 12 und/oder die Durchlässe 15 zusetzen. Ein solches Zusetzen erhöht ggf. den Druck- abfall an der Abgasreinigungskomponente 2. Durch das Anregen zu Vibrationen der Abgasreinigungskomponente 2 während des Startens bzw. Ausschaltens der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 5 können sich die abgelagerten Partikel 10 lösen und zurück in den Abgasstrom gelangen. Ein Verstopfen der Abgasreinigungskomponente 2 wird somit effektiv verhindert. 2 shows a section of an exhaust gas purification component 2. The exhaust gas purification component 2 has channels 11, into which the exhaust gas flows in an original flow direction 16. The channels 11 are formed by channel walls 13 which have passages 15 and are partially formed by filter material 12. Further, the channel walls 13 may include structures 14 (eg, corrugated metal foils) that redirect the exhaust gas. The arrows indicate the flow direction of the exhaust gas. The exhaust gas carries particles 10 with it and is deflected by the structures 14 such that the particles 10 can deposit in the filter material 12. As a rule, soot particles and ash are converted during the regeneration of the exhaust gas purification component 2 to carbon dioxide and nitrogen. However, it may happen that this conversion does not take place completely and as a result the filter material 12 and / or the passages 15 are clogged. Such clogging may increase the pressure drop on the exhaust gas purifying component 2. By stimulating vibrations of the exhaust gas purifying component 2 during starting or stopping the internal combustion engine 5, the deposited particulates 10 may be released and returned to the exhaust gas flow. One Clogging of the exhaust gas purification component 2 is thus effectively prevented.
Die vorliegende Erfindung ermöglicht insbesondere das Entfernen von Ascherückständen aus einer Abgasreinigungskomponente 2 während des Startens des Kraftfahrzeuges 6, wodurch der Wartungsaufwand für eine solche verringert wird und langfristig ein effektives Betreiben der Abgasreinigungskomponente 2 möglich ist. In particular, the present invention makes it possible to remove ash residues from an exhaust gas purification component 2 during starting of the motor vehicle 6, thereby reducing the maintenance effort for such and permitting efficient operation of the exhaust gas purification component 2 in the long term.
Bezugszeichenliste LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
I Abgasanlage I exhaust system
2 Abgasreinigungskomponente 2 emission control component
3 Abgasleitung  3 exhaust pipe
4 Anschlussvorrichtung  4 connection device
5 Verbrennungskraftmaschine  5 internal combustion engine
6 Kraftfahrzeug  6 motor vehicle
7 Befestigungselement 7 fastening element
8 Bauteil  8 component
9 Vibrationselement  9 vibration element
10 Partikel  10 particles
I I Kanal  I I channel
12 Filtermaterial 12 filter material
13 Kanalwand  13 channel wall
14 Strukturen  14 structures
15 Durchlass  15 passage
16 Strömungsrichtung  16 flow direction
17 Detektor 17 detector
18 Datenleitung  18 data line
19 Steuereinheit  19 control unit

Claims

Patentansprüche Patent claims
Abgasanlage (1) mit mindestens einer Abgasreinigungskomponente Exhaust system (1) with at least one exhaust gas purification component
(2), mindestens einer Abgasleitung (2), at least one exhaust pipe
(3), mindestens einer Anschlussvorrichtung (4) zum Anschließen der Abgasanlage (1) an eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine (5) eines Kraftfahrzeugs (6) und mindestens einem Befestigungselement (7) zum zusätzlichen Befestigen der Abgasanlage (1) am Kraftfahrzeug (6), wobei zumindest eine Abgasreinigungskomponente (2) in einem befestigten Zustand zu Schwingungen mit einem ersten Resonanzfrequenzbereich von weniger als 300 Hz anregbar ist. (3), at least one connection device (4) for connecting the exhaust system (1) to an internal combustion engine (5) of a motor vehicle (6) and at least one fastening element (7) for additionally fastening the exhaust system (1) to the motor vehicle (6), wherein at least one exhaust gas purification component (2) can be excited in a fastened state to oscillate with a first resonance frequency range of less than 300 Hz.
Abgasanlage (1) nach Patentanspruch 1, wobei mindestens eine Abgasreinigungskomponente (2) zumindest beim Starten oder Ausschalten der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (5) durch Vibrationen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (5) zu Schwingungen mit dem ersten Resonanzfrequenzbereich anregbar ist. Exhaust system (1) according to claim 1, wherein at least one exhaust gas purification component (2) can be excited to oscillate in the first resonance frequency range by vibrations of the internal combustion engine (5) at least when starting or switching off the internal combustion engine (5).
Abgasanlage (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, wobei mindestens zwei der folgenden Komponenten so ausgelegt sind, dass Resonanzfrequenzen aus dem ersten Resonanzfrequenzbereich erreicht werden: Exhaust system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least two of the following components are designed so that resonance frequencies from the first resonance frequency range are achieved:
- Anschlussvorrichtung - Connection device
(4), (4),
- Befestigungselement (7), - fastening element (7),
- Abgasreinigungskomponente (2), - exhaust gas purification component (2),
- Abgasleitung (3). - Exhaust pipe (3).
Abgasanlage (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, wobei die mindestens eine Abgasreinigungskomponente (2) zumindest ein Bauteil (8) hat, das einen zweiten Resonanzfrequenzbereich von mehr als 500 Hz aufweist. Exhaust system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one exhaust gas purification component (2) has at least one component (8) which has a second resonance frequency range of more than 500 Hz.
5. Abgasanlage (1) nach Patentanspruch 6, wobei der mindestens einen Abgasreinigungskomponente (2) ein Vibrationselement (9) zugeordnet ist, dass die Abgasreinigungskomponente (2) zu Schwingungen mit einer Frequenz im zweiten Resonanzfrequenzbereich anregen kann. 5. Exhaust system (1) according to claim 6, wherein the at least one exhaust gas purification component (2) is assigned a vibration element (9) that can stimulate the exhaust gas purification component (2) to oscillate at a frequency in the second resonance frequency range.
6. Kraftfahrzeug (6) mit einer Abgasanlage (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche. 6. Motor vehicle (6) with an exhaust system (1) according to one of the preceding claims.
7. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kraftfahrzeugs (6) mit einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine (5) und einer Abgasanlage (1), wobei die Verbrennungskraftmaschine (5) während des Startvorgangs so betrieben wird, dass Vibrationen der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (5) mit einem ersten Resonanzfrequenzbereich von weniger als 150 Hz so lange an- geregt werden, dass diese auf eine Abgasreinigungskomponente (2) übertragen werden, welche zur Schwingung angeregt werden, so dass diese von Partikeln (10) befreit wird. 7. Method for operating a motor vehicle (6) with an internal combustion engine (5) and an exhaust system (1), wherein the internal combustion engine (5) is operated during the starting process in such a way that vibrations of the internal combustion engine (5) with a first resonance frequency range of less than 150 Hz are excited for so long that they are transferred to an exhaust gas purification component (2), which is excited to oscillate so that it is freed from particles (10).
EP11763725.6A 2010-10-01 2011-09-30 Exhaust gas system Active EP2622186B1 (en)

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DE102010047275A DE102010047275A1 (en) 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 exhaust system
PCT/EP2011/067142 WO2012042031A1 (en) 2010-10-01 2011-09-30 Exhaust gas system

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WO2012042031A1 (en) 2012-04-05
CN103154461B (en) 2015-06-03
JP2013543554A (en) 2013-12-05
RU2013120092A (en) 2014-11-20
CN103154461A (en) 2013-06-12
US9726059B2 (en) 2017-08-08
KR101521731B1 (en) 2015-05-19
RU2567536C2 (en) 2015-11-10
KR20130056355A (en) 2013-05-29
EP2622186B1 (en) 2015-04-22
US20130305690A1 (en) 2013-11-21
DE102010047275A1 (en) 2012-04-05

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