EP2619353A1 - Cathode pour cellules d'électrolyse - Google Patents

Cathode pour cellules d'électrolyse

Info

Publication number
EP2619353A1
EP2619353A1 EP11761552.6A EP11761552A EP2619353A1 EP 2619353 A1 EP2619353 A1 EP 2619353A1 EP 11761552 A EP11761552 A EP 11761552A EP 2619353 A1 EP2619353 A1 EP 2619353A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cathode
pins
aluminum
busbar
electrolysis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11761552.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Bruch
Frank Hiltmann
Johann Daimer
Manfred Banek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SGL Carbon SE
Original Assignee
SGL Carbon SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SGL Carbon SE filed Critical SGL Carbon SE
Publication of EP2619353A1 publication Critical patent/EP2619353A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/16—Electric current supply devices, e.g. bus bars
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cathode for an electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum by fused-salt electrolysis.
  • FIGS. 1 a to 1 c show a perspective view of an electrolytic cell.
  • the reference numeral 1 denotes a cathode, which may be constructed, for example, from graphite, anthracite or a mixture thereof. Alternatively, graphitized coke-based cathodes can also be used.
  • the cathode 1 is generally embedded in a skirt 2 of steel and / or refractory or the like. The cathode 1 can be constructed in one piece as well as from individual cathode blocks.
  • a number of power supply bars 3 are introduced into the cathode 1, wherein only a single power supply bar 3 can be seen in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 1a.
  • Fig. 1 c can be seen that each cathode block, for example, two power supply bars can be provided.
  • the power supply bars serve to supply the cell with the electricity needed for the electrolysis process.
  • Fig. 1 c shows a more detailed arrangement of the anodes in an electrolytic cell.
  • the aluminum oxide dissolved in cryolite is split into aluminum and oxygen ions by electric current flow, the aluminum ions moving to the molten aluminum - seen electrochemically as the actual cathode - to electrons there take.
  • aluminum 5 accumulates in the liquid phase below the melt 6 of alumina and cryolite.
  • the oxygen ions are reduced at the anode to oxygen, which reacts with the carbon of the anodes.
  • reference numerals 7 and 8 are schematically the negative and positive poles of a voltage source for the provision of the
  • Electrolysis process required voltage whose value is between about 3.5 and 5 V, characterized.
  • the enclosure 2 and thus the entire electrolysis cell has an elongated shape, with numerous power supply bars 3 are guided vertically through the side walls of the enclosure 2.
  • the longitudinal extent of currently deployed cells is between about 8 and 15 meters, while the width dimension is about 3 to 4 meters.
  • a cathode, as shown here in FIG. 1 a, is disclosed, for example, in EP 1845174.
  • a cathode for an electrolytic cell for recovering aluminum from its oxide with a bottom is provided, according to embodiments of the invention, with a plurality of pins for a power supply, the pins contacting the underside of the cathode during operation in a current-supplying manner.
  • cathode is understood to be quite general, which may be, for example but not exclusively, a so-called “cathode” Act cathode base, which is composed of a plurality of cathode blocks, so that the core aspects of the invention - namely the above-described current-supplying contacting the bottom of the cathode with a plurality of pins from below - are realized by this cathode bottom as a whole.
  • cathode is also intended to refer to the substructures forming such a cathode bottom in the sense of cathode blocks. All the features which may contribute to the invention in connection with a "cathode” do so in the same way in connection with a "cathode block", without this having to be explicitly explained in the following.
  • a power supply to the cathode from below is realized by the pins.
  • the power supply to the cathode can be made much more homogeneous than was previously possible by a few power supply bars from the side into the cathode.
  • such a homogeneous current distribution can be given a particularly homogeneous characteristic in that the pins are designed in accordance with the desired current flow (for example in cross-section) and arranged.
  • the pins may be arranged regularly and / or at equal distances to the adjacent pins.
  • pens can also be arranged specifically according to patterns or distribution schemes, so that an inhomogeneous current distribution in the cathode is counteracted. This can be advantageous, for example, in edge regions of the cathode.
  • At least one of the pins contacts the underside at an angle of less than 30 ° to the vertical of the underside, in particular substantially perpendicularly.
  • Such an arrangement is technically particularly simple and therefore inexpensive executable and is particularly uncomplicated in terms of load distribution and mechanical design of the pins.
  • the pins open into the cathode. This means that one of the cathode or its underside facing the end of the respective pin in a mounted state is partially within the cathode. As a result, a particularly good electrical contact of the pen is achieved to the cathode.
  • This may for example comprise an arrangement in which the cathode rests on the pins, wherein the pins do not open into the cathode. It can be improved by carbonaceous or metallic compounds such as carbonized pitch, electrically conductive adhesive or carbon masses, the electrical contact between the pin and the bottom of the cathode.
  • the pins are inserted by a screw in the bottom of the cathode. This allows, for example, a pre-assembly of the pins in the cathode before the cathode is installed in an electrolytic cell. Furthermore, a particularly secure hold and, if necessary, an uncomplicated removal for maintenance or renewal is ensured.
  • the screw through a thread on a End of the pin, which faces the bottom of the cathode, and formed a mating thread in the bottom of the cathode. Since no additional screwing devices are required for this variant, but the pin itself is a screwing device, a particularly uncomplicated and material-saving screwing device is provided.
  • such threaded pins can advantageously correspond to the geometry of threaded nipples for graphite electrodes for electrical steel production.
  • this geometry has proven to be particularly good.
  • the pins are made of graphite.
  • a high thermal stability of the pins and a low electrical resistance can be achieved, which results in a better energy efficiency in carrying out the melt electrolysis.
  • the pins have a length between about 100 mm and 500 mm.
  • pins One way to influence the current distribution in the cathode, represents the choice of the cross section of the pins. On the one hand, the more homogeneous the power distribution, the more pins are used and the thinner these pins. However, a lower limit will be limited by the costs and Zes defined a variety of pins. In practice, pins of a diameter between about 30 mm and 200 mm have proven to be particularly suitable in this regard. It should be noted that the individual choice is to be adapted to the structural features of the respective present cathode shape, so that it may optionally be advantageous to use pins with other dimensions.
  • an advantage of a cathode according to the embodiments of the invention is to be able to influence the current conduction in the cathode in the sense of greater homogeneity.
  • One means of doing this is to put the pins as close as possible. For example, it has proven to be beneficial if there are between about 4 and about 100 pins per square meter of bottom wall of the cathode.
  • a plurality of pins each at its end applied by the cathode with a common bus bar via, for example, a
  • the bus bars are spaced from the cathode by a distance corresponding to the length of the unthreaded pins. It must be ensured that due to the thermal expansion of the material of the busbar (metal), the screw connection must be designed so that act on the pins, not too large mechanical stresses.
  • Such a metallic screw connection between a pin and a busbar can be easily realized by those skilled in the field of connection technology, which is why the details should not be discussed in more detail here.
  • the bus bars are spaced from the cathode itself, it is not necessary for the bus bars to be made of a thermally stable material.
  • the busbars would not be made of iron, steel or the like.
  • the common bus bar may be made of a material containing more than 50% copper or aluminum contains. Both copper and aluminum have a lower electrical resistivity than iron or steel, so that the
  • busbars may also be made of pure copper or pure aluminum, or of only slightly alloyed copper or aluminum.
  • the specific electrical resistance to the steel used to date can be reduced to about a quarter.
  • the underside of the cathode is in the form of downwardly tapered trapezoidal bodies.
  • the current introduced from below is introduced homogeneously and uniformly into the cathode.
  • at least some of the cathode blocks of the cathode have such a downwardly tapered trapezoidal body, which advantageously extend parallel to each other.
  • the trapezoidal bodies may extend, for example, in the longitudinal direction of the cathode or perpendicular thereto.
  • the distance between the hot cathode basin or cathode and busbar can be further increased, so that in operation at the location of the busbar substantially lower temperatures prevail than in the area of the cathode basin.
  • Fig. 1 a an electrolytic cell for the extraction of aluminum
  • Fig. 1b the electrolytic cell of Fig. 1 a in a longitudinal view of
  • FIG. 1 c shows an electrolysis cell for the extraction of aluminum from aluminum oxide according to the prior art in a perspective view, partially cut away;
  • FIG. 1 c shows an electrolysis cell for the extraction of aluminum from aluminum oxide according to the prior art in a perspective view, partially cut away;
  • Fig. 2a is a perspective view of a cathode according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2b shows a representation of the cathode of Figure 2a from a rotated by 90 ° perspective ..
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a screw connection of an electrolytic cell according to the invention.
  • an electrolysis cell with an embodiment of a cathode according to the invention is shown from respectively different perspectives.
  • the cathode shown is suitable for use in the recovery of aluminum from alumina according to the previously described Hall-Heroult process.
  • side walls 1 a are arranged on the cathode 1 .
  • the side walls 1 a may be integrally formed with the cathode 1 or connected to it and extend in the case shown along the longitudinal side of the cathode first
  • the side walls 1 a are composed in this example of individual side wall blocks 1 a1.
  • the cathode 1 is composed of individual cathode blocks 1 b1.
  • a basin 1 c is limited, in which in the use of the cathode in a process for melt flow electrolysis of the liquid electrolyte and the aluminum melt produced are recorded.
  • the underside 1 g of the cathode 1 is trapezoidal in the form of downwardly tapered trapezoidal bodies 1 d formed, which extend parallel to each other along the width b of the cathode.
  • the trapezoidal bodies are flat here below.
  • pins 1 e are fixed in this.
  • the pins are designed as threaded pins similar threaded nipples for connecting graphite electrodes for electrical steel production, as can be seen schematically in Fig. 3.
  • connecting means may be selected, for example a clamping connection.
  • the setscrews 1 e here have a circular cross-section, which is advantageous from the point of view of the homogeneity of the current density.
  • the pins 1 e have, by way of example, a slight zigzag shape with regard to their distribution.
  • a shape of the cathode 1 with trapezoidal bodies 1 d is shown on its lower side 1 g, this configuration is not mandatory. Rather, the bottom 1 g of the cathode 1 may be configured flat, as well as the top of the cathode first In such an embodiment, the pins 1 e may be arranged in any form on the underside.
  • the pins may be arranged in a line.
  • a plurality of such linearly arranged pins can also be arranged parallel to one another.
  • pins 1 e which are arranged along a trapezoidal body 1 d, are connected at their lower sides, ie at the sides facing away from the cathode 1 sides with a common busbar 3, for example, again by screwing.
  • a common busbar 3 for example, again by screwing.
  • Fig. 3 is a possible screw of a pin 1 e with the busbar 3 is shown.
  • busbar 3 Since the busbar 3, as seen in the figures, from the basin 1 c of the cathode 1 and thus in operation from the high temperature range is spaced, the temperature against which the busbar 3 must be resistant, much lower than those temperatures which the busbars in the embodiments of the prior art according to Figures 1 a to 1 c prevail.
  • the busbars 3 are outsourced here from the high-temperature zone and can therefore be made of a less temperature-resistant but, for example, more electrically conductive material than steel.
  • the busbars 3 are formed of an aluminum alloy. Alternatively, known copper alloys can be used.
  • the trapezoidal bodies 1 d shown also act in the sense of increasing the distance between the basin 1 c of the cathode 1 and the busbars 3.
  • An optionally too strong dissipation of heat of not only electrically, but also very good thermal conductivity metals can preferably be met by suitable design, in particular geometric design.
  • busbars 3 in each case a plurality of busbars 3 (in each case three busbars 3) are connected to a common busbar 10 which leads to a voltage source (not shown).
  • busbar 10 and busbars 3 may be made of the same materials, for example. In an alternative, a one-piece embodiment is possible.
  • the pins 1 e may be attached, for example in the form of a regular grid on the bottom. This is particularly favorable in view of the already mentioned homogeneity of the current flow.
  • the pins 1 e can in particular be made of the same materials as the cathode 1. Graphite has proved to be particularly favorable in this context due to its temperature resistance and because of its low electrical resistivity.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une cathode (1) pour une cellule d'électrolyse pour produire de l'aluminium à partir de son oxyde, ladite cathode présentant une face inférieure (1g). Selon l'invention, la cathode (1) est munie d'un certain nombre de broches (1f) pour l'alimentation en courant, lesdites broches faisant contact depuis le bas avec la face inférieure (1g) de la cathode (1) de manière à acheminer le courant, lorsque la cathode est en service.
EP11761552.6A 2010-09-20 2011-09-20 Cathode pour cellules d'électrolyse Withdrawn EP2619353A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201010041082 DE102010041082A1 (de) 2010-09-20 2010-09-20 Kathode für Eletrolysezellen
PCT/EP2011/066315 WO2012038422A1 (fr) 2010-09-20 2011-09-20 Cathode pour cellules d'électrolyse

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2619353A1 true EP2619353A1 (fr) 2013-07-31

Family

ID=44719891

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11761552.6A Withdrawn EP2619353A1 (fr) 2010-09-20 2011-09-20 Cathode pour cellules d'électrolyse

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2619353A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5635196B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN103154326A (fr)
CA (1) CA2811355A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010041082A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2013118029A (fr)
WO (1) WO2012038422A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013207738A1 (de) * 2013-04-26 2014-10-30 Sgl Carbon Se Kathodenblock mit einer Nut mit variierender Tiefe und gefülltem Zwischenraum
FR3078714B1 (fr) * 2018-03-12 2020-03-06 Carbone Savoie Assemblage cathodique pour cuve d’electrolyse
WO2021130765A1 (fr) * 2019-12-24 2021-07-01 Aditya Birla Science and Technology Company Private Limited Appareil d'amélioration de rendement de cellule de réduction d'aluminium dans un procédé de fusion

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1187809B (de) * 1963-11-22 1965-02-25 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Elektrolysezelle zur schmelzflusselektrolytischen Herstellung von Aluminium
US3579432A (en) * 1968-09-23 1971-05-18 Kaiser Auminum & Chemical Corp Electrolytic reduction cell
DE2008215A1 (en) * 1970-02-21 1971-09-02 Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh Graphite sheathing for aluminium electrolysi
DE2833381A1 (de) * 1978-07-29 1980-02-14 Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh Elektrolysezelle zum gewinnen von aluminium
CH660030A5 (de) * 1982-07-12 1987-03-13 Alusuisse Kathodenwanne einer aluminiumelektrolysezelle.
US4998709A (en) * 1988-06-23 1991-03-12 Conoco Inc. Method of making graphite electrode nipple
AUPO053496A0 (en) * 1996-06-18 1996-07-11 Comalco Aluminium Limited Cathode construction
NO315090B1 (no) * 2000-11-27 2003-07-07 Servico As Anordninger for å före ström til eller fra elektrodene i elektrolyseceller,fremgangsmåter for fremstilling derav, samt elektrolysecelle forfremstilling av aluminium ved elektrolyse av alumina löst i en smeltetelektrolytt
DE10261745B3 (de) 2002-12-30 2004-07-22 Sgl Carbon Ag Kathodensystem zur elektrolytischen Aluminiumgewinnung
CN100593042C (zh) * 2006-03-17 2010-03-03 贵阳铝镁设计研究院 改善铝电解槽阴极电流密度的方法和结构
EP1845174B1 (fr) 2006-04-13 2011-03-02 SGL Carbon SE Cathode pour l'électrolyse de l'aluminium avec une rainure de conception non plane
CN201141044Y (zh) * 2007-12-11 2008-10-29 沈阳铝镁设计研究院 消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流的结构

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2012038422A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2012038422A1 (fr) 2012-03-29
CA2811355A1 (fr) 2012-03-29
JP2013537938A (ja) 2013-10-07
RU2013118029A (ru) 2014-10-27
DE102010041082A1 (de) 2012-03-22
CN103154326A (zh) 2013-06-12
JP5635196B2 (ja) 2014-12-03

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