DE2008215A1 - Graphite sheathing for aluminium electrolysi - Google Patents
Graphite sheathing for aluminium electrolysiInfo
- Publication number
- DE2008215A1 DE2008215A1 DE19702008215 DE2008215A DE2008215A1 DE 2008215 A1 DE2008215 A1 DE 2008215A1 DE 19702008215 DE19702008215 DE 19702008215 DE 2008215 A DE2008215 A DE 2008215A DE 2008215 A1 DE2008215 A1 DE 2008215A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- graphite
- blocks
- cathode according
- cathode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- CAVCGVPGBKGDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynemethyl(alumanylidynemethylalumanylidenemethylidene)alumane Chemical compound [Al]#C[Al]=C=[Al]C#[Al] CAVCGVPGBKGDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Kathode für Schmelzfluß-Elektrolyse-Öfen Gegenstand der Erfindung ist eine Kathode für Schmelzflußclektrolyse-Öfen, insbesondere für die Schmelzflußelektrolyse von Aluminium, die aus einer Anzahl von mit Stromschienen verbundenen und in einer Ebene angeordneten Kohlenstoffblöcken und kohlenstoffhaltigen Massen, die Fugen zwischen den Kohlenstoffböcken ausfüllen, besteht. Cathode for melt flow electrolysis furnaces is the subject of the invention is a cathode for melt flow electrolysis furnaces, especially for melt flow electrolysis of aluminum, which consists of a number of busbars connected to each other and in one Flat carbon blocks and carbonaceous masses, the joints fill in between the carbon blocks.
Kohlenstoffblöcke und Fugenfüllmassen für Kathoden von Schmelzflußelektrolyse-Öfen sind poröse Körper mit einem zugänglichen Porenvolumen von ca. 10 bis 20 %.Carbon blocks and joint fillers for cathodes in fused-melt electrolysis furnaces are porous bodies with an accessible pore volume of approx. 10 to 20%.
Während der Elektrolyse diffundieren schmelzflüssige Salze und kathodisch abgeschiedene Metalle in die Poren, bei der Aluminium-Elektrolyse z.B. Kryolith, Natriumfluorid, Aluminiumfluorid und Aluminium. Aluminium reagiert in Gegenwart von Kryolith mit Kohlenstoff unter Bildung von Aluminiumkarbid. Natriumfluorid setzt Sich teilweise mit Aluminium um, wobei Aluminiumfluorid und Natrium entsteht, das mit Kohlenstoff ebenfalls ein Karbid bildet. Da das Volumen der Reaktionsprodukte größer ist als das Volumen der Ausgangsstoffe; entstehen in der Kathode Spannungen, die die Bildung von Rissen in Kohlenstoffblöcken und Fugenmassen und Aufwölbungen der Kathode verursachen.During electrolysis, molten salts diffuse and cathodically deposited metals in the pores, in the case of aluminum electrolysis e.g. cryolite, Sodium fluoride, aluminum fluoride and aluminum. Aluminum reacts in the presence of cryolite with carbon to form aluminum carbide. Sodium fluoride sets To some extent with aluminum, producing aluminum fluoride and sodium, which also forms a carbide with carbon. As the volume of the reaction products is greater than the volume of the starting materials; voltages arise in the cathode, which cause cracks to form in carbon blocks and grout and bulges cause of the cathode.
Reichen Risse bis zu den eisernen Stromschienen, so wird von der eindringenden Schmelze Eisen gelöst und dem Bad zugeführt. Der Eisengehalt im Aluminium steigt dann an und die Zelle muß abgeschaltet werden, sobald eine bestimmte zulässige Konzentration überschritten wird.If cracks reach up to the iron busbars, the penetrating one will do so Melt iron dissolved and fed to the bath. The iron content in aluminum increases then on and the cell must be switched off as soon as a certain permissible Concentration is exceeded.
Ebenso erzwingen größere Verformungen der Kathoden oberfläche die Außerbetriebsetzung der Eleltxolysezelle.Larger deformations of the cathode surface also force the Shutdown of the electrolysis cell.
Es ist bekannt, die Widerstandsfähigkeit von Kohlenstoffblöcken gegenüber schmelzflüssigen Elektrolyten durch Zusätze von Graphit zu verbessern und dadurch die Lebensdauer von Elektrolysezellen zu erhöhen.It is known to be the resistance of carbon blocks Improve molten electrolytes by adding graphite and thereby to increase the service life of electrolysis cells.
Allerdings sind auch Kohlenstoffblöcke mit Graphitzusätzen porös, so daß die Blöcke von der Schmelze durchsetzt werden und ein Großteil ihrer inneren Oberfläche an den Karbidisierungsreaktionen beteiligt ist. Die vorteilhaften Eigenschaften von Kohlenstoffblöcken mit Graphitzusätzen werden wegen ihrer porösen Struktur nur teilweise genutzt.However, carbon blocks with graphite additives are also porous, so that the blocks are penetrated by the melt and a large part of their interior Surface is involved in the carbidization reactions. The beneficial properties of carbon blocks with added graphite are only used because of their porous structure partially used.
Ein weiterer Nachteil von bekannten Kathoden besteht in den unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften von Kohlenstoffblöcken und kohlenstoffhaltigen Fugenfüllmassen. Breite Risse in den Grenzflächen sind häufige Ursachen für das Abschalten der Zellen.Another disadvantage of known cathodes is that they are different Properties of carbon blocks and carbonaceous grout. broad Cracks in the interfaces are common causes of the shutdown of the cells.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Nachteile der bekannten, aus Kohlenstoffblocken und kohlenstoffhaltigen Fugenfüllmassen bestehenden Kathoden von Schmelzflußelektrolyse-Öfen zu vermeiden und die Lebensdauer von Elektrolysezellen zu verlängern. Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß auf die badseitige Oberfläche von Blöcken und Fugen gegen schmelzflüssige Metalle und Salze impermeable Graphitfolien geklebt oder gekittet sind.The present invention is based on the object of the disadvantages known, consisting of carbon blocks and carbon-containing joint fillers Avoid cathodes of fused-salt electrolysis furnaces and the service life of electrolysis cells to extend. The object is achieved according to the invention in that on the bathroom side Surface of blocks and joints impermeable to molten metals and salts Graphite foils are glued or cemented.
Graphitfolien si-r.di besonders einfach in Form- von Bahnen auf die badseitiqë Oberfläche der Kathode aufzukleben oder zu ki£ten. Die Folienbahnen sind gegen die Badschmelze durch Überlappung abzudichten, wobei die Breite der Überlappungszonen vorteilhaft mindestens 2 cm beträgt. Nach einer weiteren Ausbildung der Erfindung sind mehrere, uorzugsweise zwei Bahnen aus Graphitfolie, die etwa um die Hälfte ihrer Breite gegeneinander versetzt sind, aufeinandergeklebt.Graphite foils si-r.di particularly easy in the form of strips on the The badseitiqë surface of the cathode can be glued or stuck on. The foil webs are to seal against the bath melt by overlapping, the width of the overlap zones is advantageously at least 2 cm. According to a further embodiment of the invention are several, preferably two sheets of graphite foil, which are about half their width are offset from one another, glued to one another.
Nach der Erfindung ist es weiterhin vorteilhaft, Bahnen aus Graphitfolie an' den Seitenwänden der Kathodenwanne hochzuziehen und an den vorgebrannten oder selbstbackenden kohlenstoffhaltigen Seitenblöcken zu verkleben oder zu verketten. Ein zusätzlicher Schutz von besonders geiahrdeten Teilen der Kathode wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch erreicht, daß die mit kohlenstoffhaltiger Masse gefüllten Fugen zwischen den einzelnen Kohlenstoffblöcken und die zur Aufnahme-von Stromschienen in den Kohlenstoffblöcken vorgesehenen Nuten mit Streifen aus Graphitfolie beklebt sind.According to the invention, it is also advantageous to use sheets made of graphite foil to pull up on the side walls of the cathode trough and on the pre-fired or gluing or chaining together self-baking carbonaceous side blocks. An additional protection of particularly damaged parts of the cathode is provided according to the invention achieved in that the joints filled with carbonaceous mass between the individual carbon blocks and those used to hold busbars in the carbon blocks provided grooves are covered with strips of graphite foil.
Die Dicke der nach der Erfindung verwendeten Graphitfolien beträgt 1 bis 5 mm;zum Kleben und Kitten der Folien eignen sich besonders mit feinkörnigem Kohlenstoff gefüllte, thermisch oder katalytisch härtbare Kunstharze.The thickness of the graphite foils used according to the invention is 1 to 5 mm; fine-grained foils are particularly suitable for gluing and cementing the foils Carbon-filled, thermally or catalytically curable synthetic resins.
Die Vorteile der Erfindung bestehen insbesondere darin,-daß die impermeablen Graphitfolien das Eindringen von schmelzflüsigen Salzen und Metallen in die Porensysteme von Kohlenstoffblöcken und Pugenmassen verhindern und im Innern dieser Körper keine, die Lebensdauer der Kathode und damit der Elektrolysezelle herabsetzende Reaktionen ablaufen. Verglichen mit Koksen und Anthrazit ist die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit von Graphit und Graphitfolie so klein, daß erst nach längerer Zeit die schützende Folie zerstört und das Porensystem von Kohlenstoffblöcken und Fugenmassen für den Elektrolyten zugänglich wird. Die erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagene zusätzliche Abschirmung von tagen und Stromschienen erbringt eine zusätzliche Verlängerung der Lebensdauer von Elektrolysezellen.The advantages of the invention are in particular that the impermeable Graphite foils prevent the penetration of molten salts and metals into the pore systems prevent carbon blocks and pugenmasses and inside these bodies none, the lifespan of the Cathode and thus the electrolytic cell degrading Reactions take place. Compared to coke and anthracite is the reaction speed of graphite and graphite foil so small that only after a long time the protective Foil destroys and the pore system of carbon blocks and grout for the Electrolytes becomes accessible. The additional shield proposed according to the invention von tagen und power rails provides an additional extension of the service life of electrolytic cells.
Zur Bestimmung der Resistenz von Kathoden gemäß der Erfindung wurden aus handelsüblichen Rillenbodenkohlen zylindrische Tiegel hergestellt und ein Teil der Tiegel innen mit Graphitfolie, deren Dicke 1 mm betrug, überlappend mit einer Kittmasse aus Phenolformaldehydharz mit 50 « PetrolkoKs, dessen maximale Korngröße kleiner als 0,08 mm war, beklebt. Die Tiegel wurden zur Aushärtung des Harzes in 2 Stunden auf 1500 C erhitzt und dann als Elektrolyt ein Gemisch aus etwa 70 % Kryolith, 10 YO Kaliumhydroxid, 10 % Aluminiumoxid, 5 % Natriumfluorid und 5 % Aluminium in den Tiegeln eingeschmolzen. Nach einer Reaktionszeit von 2 Stunden bei 10000 in Stickstoffatmosphäre wurde die Schmelze entfernt und Volumenänderung, Rißbildung und die Eindringtiefe der Schmelze durch Messung der relativen Intensität der Na-Linie bei 3302 i ca. 5 und 13 mm unter dem Tiegelboden bestimmt. In der folgenden Tabelle sind die Ergebnisse zusammengestellt.To determine the resistance of cathodes according to the invention were Cylindrical crucibles made from commercially available grooved bottom coals and one part the crucible inside with graphite foil, the thickness of which was 1 mm, overlapping with a Putty made of phenol-formaldehyde resin with 50 «PetrolkoKs, its maximum grain size was smaller than 0.08 mm, glued. The crucibles were used to harden the resin in Heated for 2 hours to 1500 C and then a mixture of about 70% cryolite as the electrolyte, 10 YO potassium hydroxide, 10% aluminum oxide, 5% sodium fluoride and 5% aluminum in melted the crucibles. After a reaction time of 2 hours at 10000 in The melt was removed under a nitrogen atmosphere and changes in volume, cracking and the depth of penetration of the melt by measuring the relative intensity of the Na line determined at 3302 i approx. 5 and 13 mm below the crucible bottom. In the following table the results are compiled.
Rill-enboden- RillenDodenkohle kohle mit Graphitfolie
8 Patentansprüche 1 Figur8 claims 1 figure
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19702008215 DE2008215A1 (en) | 1970-02-21 | 1970-02-21 | Graphite sheathing for aluminium electrolysi |
CH99071A CH567579A5 (en) | 1970-02-21 | 1971-01-22 | Carbon plate armour for graphite foil - for fusion electrolysis cells |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19702008215 DE2008215A1 (en) | 1970-02-21 | 1970-02-21 | Graphite sheathing for aluminium electrolysi |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2008215A1 true DE2008215A1 (en) | 1971-09-02 |
Family
ID=5763042
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19702008215 Pending DE2008215A1 (en) | 1970-02-21 | 1970-02-21 | Graphite sheathing for aluminium electrolysi |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE2008215A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2388901A1 (en) * | 1977-04-25 | 1978-11-24 | Union Carbide Corp | LINING OF THE BOTTOM OF THE OUTER STEEL SHELL OF AN ELECTROLYTIC ORE REDUCTION TANK |
DE3603305C1 (en) * | 1986-02-04 | 1987-07-23 | Sigri Gmbh | Process for the production of a carbon or graphite body which is impermeable to fluids and consists of several layers and contains graphite foil between the layers, and the use thereof |
DE102009024881A1 (en) * | 2009-06-09 | 2010-12-16 | Sgl Carbon Se | Cathode bottom, method for producing a cathode bottom and use thereof in an electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum |
DE102010041081A1 (en) * | 2010-09-20 | 2012-03-22 | Sgl Carbon Se | Cathode for electrolysis cells |
CN102560544A (en) * | 2012-01-13 | 2012-07-11 | 中南大学 | Percolating type aluminium electrolytic cell and method for stabilizing molten aluminium in electrolytic cell |
CN103154326A (en) * | 2010-09-20 | 2013-06-12 | 西格里碳素欧洲公司 | Cathode for electrolysis cells |
-
1970
- 1970-02-21 DE DE19702008215 patent/DE2008215A1/en active Pending
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2388901A1 (en) * | 1977-04-25 | 1978-11-24 | Union Carbide Corp | LINING OF THE BOTTOM OF THE OUTER STEEL SHELL OF AN ELECTROLYTIC ORE REDUCTION TANK |
DE3603305C1 (en) * | 1986-02-04 | 1987-07-23 | Sigri Gmbh | Process for the production of a carbon or graphite body which is impermeable to fluids and consists of several layers and contains graphite foil between the layers, and the use thereof |
DE102009024881A1 (en) * | 2009-06-09 | 2010-12-16 | Sgl Carbon Se | Cathode bottom, method for producing a cathode bottom and use thereof in an electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum |
DE102010041081A1 (en) * | 2010-09-20 | 2012-03-22 | Sgl Carbon Se | Cathode for electrolysis cells |
WO2012038427A1 (en) * | 2010-09-20 | 2012-03-29 | Sgl Carbon Se | Cathode for electrolysis cells |
CN103154326A (en) * | 2010-09-20 | 2013-06-12 | 西格里碳素欧洲公司 | Cathode for electrolysis cells |
RU2529432C1 (en) * | 2010-09-20 | 2014-09-27 | Сгл Карбон Се | Electrolysis cell cathode |
DE102010041081B4 (en) * | 2010-09-20 | 2015-10-29 | Sgl Carbon Se | Cathode for electrolysis cells |
CN102560544A (en) * | 2012-01-13 | 2012-07-11 | 中南大学 | Percolating type aluminium electrolytic cell and method for stabilizing molten aluminium in electrolytic cell |
CN102560544B (en) * | 2012-01-13 | 2014-08-06 | 中南大学 | Percolating type aluminium electrolytic cell and method for stabilizing molten aluminium in electrolytic cell |
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