EP2615369B1 - Dispositif de chauffage - Google Patents

Dispositif de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2615369B1
EP2615369B1 EP12151204.0A EP12151204A EP2615369B1 EP 2615369 B1 EP2615369 B1 EP 2615369B1 EP 12151204 A EP12151204 A EP 12151204A EP 2615369 B1 EP2615369 B1 EP 2615369B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fire chamber
heating device
flue gas
chamber
primary
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12151204.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2615369A1 (fr
Inventor
Eduard Thomas Jacobus Van Der Voort
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Decona Holding Bv
Original Assignee
Decona Holding BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Decona Holding BV filed Critical Decona Holding BV
Priority to EP12151204.0A priority Critical patent/EP2615369B1/fr
Publication of EP2615369A1 publication Critical patent/EP2615369A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2615369B1 publication Critical patent/EP2615369B1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
    • F23B10/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers including separate secondary combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
    • F23B50/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom
    • F23B50/06—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom the flue gases being removed downwards through one or more openings in the fuel-supporting surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B80/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel
    • F23B80/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel by means for guiding the flow of flue gases, e.g. baffles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a heating device is for example known from NL 8900939 .
  • EP 0124945 discloses a heating device in which in the primary fire chamber a fuel, in particular wood or biomass or the like, is burned.
  • the combustion gasses and flames are urged by the flow of the feeding air to the flame outlet of the primary fire chamber and to the flame inlet of the secondary fire chamber.
  • the hot flue gasses are then fed from the secondary chamber to a heat exchanger, where the hot flue gasses can heat a secondary fluid, such as water, or make steam.
  • This type of heat exchanger according to the prior art has a relative effective burning process of the fuel. However still a lot of ash is taken along with the flue gasses into the heat exchanger and the chimney. These ashes clog the heat exchanger reducing the effectiveness of the heat exchanger.
  • an ash collection space is created in which ashes will be collected. Because the flames and combustion gases will cause turbulence, ashes dropped in the collection space will be picked up and recycle into the flames, where the ashes will melt and burn further. If the ashes are light enough and thus small enough they could leave the secondary fire chamber along the flue gas outlet.
  • the flue gas outlet is arranged near the top of the secondary fire chamber. This will ensure that a minimal amount of ashes or no ashes at all leave the chamber via the flue gas outlet.
  • the heating device further comprises deflector means arranged in the secondary fire chamber between the bottom and the flue gas outlet for recycling flue gas into the flame entering through the flame inlet.
  • deflector means it is possible to direct stirred up ashes from the ash collection space into the flames to ensure that the ashes are constantly recycled and to melt and burn completely.
  • the deflector means comprise a truncated cone shaped metal sheet substantially concentrically arranged relative to the flame inlet.
  • the flames will initially blow the ashes into the secondary fire chamber.
  • the plate By having a deflector plate concentrically arranged, the plate will direct stirred up ashes back into the flames, creating a kind of whirlpool in which the ashes are recycled and further burned.
  • Another embodiment of the heating device according to the invention further comprises a heat exchanger with a primary circuit in fluid connection with the flue gas outlet and a secondary circuit, through which a heatable medium flows.
  • the heat exchanger is preferably of the counter flow type.
  • the heatable medium typically water
  • condensation will occur in the flue gases on the heat exchanger. This has the advantage that small ash particles, which managed to escape the secondary fire chamber through the flue gas outlet, are captured by the condensation droplets, further cleaning the flue gases from any particles.
  • the heat exchanger could comprise a coiled tube arranged around the secondary fire chamber and a peripheral wall, which is preferably removable, arranged around the coiled tube.
  • Such a coiled tube heat exchanger is robust and can be manufactured at low costs. If the secondary chamber and / or the peripheral wall can be taken away, the coiled tube heat exchanger can also be easily cleaned by brushing off the tube.
  • the primary fire chamber has a cylindrical wall and a plurality of air feed inlet channels are distributed over the cylindrical wall.
  • This plurality of air feed inlet channels ensure an even distribution of the air over the fuel, such that a uniform burning of the fuel can take place.
  • the air feed inlet channels have a tangential directional component at the exit into the primary fire chamber in order to urge the air into a vortex.
  • the air By urging the air into a vortex within the primary fire chamber, the air is evenly distributed, but also burning fuel portions are blown around, such that the fire bed is also uniform.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a heating device 1 according to the invention.
  • the heating device 1 has a primary fire chamber 2 and a secondary fire chamber 3.
  • the primary fire chamber is formed by ceramic two part element 4, 5.
  • a cover 21 is arranged on the ceramic element 4 to close the primary fire chamber 2.
  • the ceramic element 4, 5 provides a holder for the fuel F and a guide element 6 for the air A.
  • the upper ceramic element 4 is provided with air feed inlet channels 7, which feed air to the fuel F such that oxidation of the fuel can take place and combustible gases are produced. These combustible gases will be fed through the flame outlet 8 in the lower ceramic element 5 and ignite on the way resulting in a flame F. To further improve this burning process, additional air feed channels 9 are provided in the lower ceramic element 5.
  • the flame F enters the secondary fire chamber 3 through the flame inlet 10, in which the lower ceramic element 5 with the flame outlet 8 protrudes.
  • the flame F will take along non burnt fuel or ashes 11. These particles 11 will fall to the bottom 12 of the secondary chamber 5.
  • the force of the flame F and the flue gases G will take along the ashes 11 from the bottom 12 and stir them up, creating a cloud of ashes inside of the secondary chamber 5.
  • the deflector plate 13, which is concentrically arranged around the flame F and the flame inlet 10 ensures that the stirred up particles have to travel through the flame F, such that these particles 11 are burnt further.
  • the flame F will urge the particles back to the bottom 12 and substantially flue gas G will escape from the secondary fire chamber 3 through the flue gas outlet 14.
  • a coiled tube 15 is arranged on the outside of the secondary fire chamber 3 through which water W is transported in counter flow with the flue gases G exiting through the flue gas outlet 14. Due to the counter flow arrangement, heat of the flue gas G can be exchanged efficiently with relative cold water W.
  • the flue gases G pass a number of sections of the coiled tube 15 and exit into a surrounding housing 16, which has an outlet 17 in which a ventilator 18 is arranged.
  • This ventilator 18 provides low pressure in the surrounding housing 16 such that flue gases are sucked from the secondary fire chamber 3 along the coiled tube 15.
  • the ventilator 18 also ensures as a result of the generated low pressure that the air A is sucked into the primary fire chamber 2 and mixes with the fuel F to generate combustible gases for creating the flame F.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross sectional view of the upper ceramic element 4 creating part of the primary fire chamber 2.
  • the wall of the ceramic element 4 is provided with a plurality of air feed channels 7.
  • the air feed channels 7 have a tangential directional component at the exit into the primary fire chamber 2. Because all the air feed channels 7 have a corresponding tangential direction component, the sucked in air A, will be urged into a vortex, which improves the uniform burning of the fuel F.
  • FIG 3 shows a variant of the secondary chamber 3 as shown in figure 1 .
  • a coiled tube 15 is arranged on the outside of the secondary fire chamber 3 through which water W is transported in counter flow with the flue gases G exiting through the flue gas outlet 14.
  • the flue gases G passes a number of sections of the coiled tube 15 and exit into a collecting housing 16, which has an outlet 17 in which a ventilator 18 is arranged.
  • This ventilator 18 provides low pressure in the collecting housing 16 such that flue gases are sucked from the secondary fire chamber 3 along the coiled tube 15.
  • a water screen 20 is arranged around the outside of the coiled tube 15. This water could be in fluid communication with the water in the coiled tube 15.
  • the water screen 20 prevents heat to be radiated from the secondary chamber 3 between the coiled tube 15 to the outlet 17. Any heat radiation is captured by the water in the water screen 20 and combined with the heat captures in the coiled tube 15.
  • Figure 4 shows a third embodiment of a secondary chamber 30 of a heating device according to the invention.
  • This secondary chamber can also be used as a standalone heat exchanger without the need of a primary chamber according to the invention.
  • the secondary chamber 30 has at the bottom an inlet 31, through which hot flue gas is inputted.
  • the secondary chamber 30 is enveloped by a water screen 32, which picks up part of the heat in the hot flue gas G.
  • the flue gas is directed downwards along the outside of the water screen 32 and along a coiled tube 33.
  • the coiled tube 33 is provided with water from a supply pipe 34. This water is heated in the coiled tube 33 by the flue gases and is then fed to the water screen 32, where it is further heated and finally exits through outlet pipe 35.
  • a fan 36 is provided to urge the hot flue gases G along the correct path.
  • An isolation layer 37 is arranged around the coiled tube 33 and the secondary chamber 30 to ensure that no heat escapes.
  • the isolation layer 37 could for example comprise a metal liner directed to the coiled tube, such that the isolation layer 37 is not affected by the heat.
  • the isolation layer 36 is preferably removable, such that easy access is provided to the coiled tube 33 for easy cleaning.
  • Figure 5 shows a cross sectional view of a variant of the primary chamber 2 of figure 1 .
  • the primary chamber 40 is also composed out of two ceramic elements 41, 42 stacked on top of each other.
  • An air guiding housing 43 is arranged around the ceramic elements 41, 42.
  • This housing 43 has two separate spaces 44, 45 which can be supplied with air through respective inlets 46, 47.
  • the ceramic elements 41, 42 have corresponding channels 48, 49, 50 to feed the air to a respective location inside of the primary chamber 40.
  • the housing 43 is split, it is possible in this embodiment to control the amount of air, which is fed to the upper part of the chamber 40 and the lower part. Especially, with loose fuel, such as pellets or wood chips 51, it is desirable to control the air flow to have an optimal burning.
  • a grating 52, 53 is arranged inside of the primary chamber 40 to support the fuel 51 and prevent the ashes and fuel to clog the flame outlet 54.
  • the grating 52, 53 has a ring shaped base 52 from which elongate pins 53 protrude.
  • the length, angle and spacing of the pins 53 could be designed for a specific fuel.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Dispositif de chauffage (1) comprenant :
    - une chambre à feu primaire (2) pour brûler un combustible, tel que du bois, la chambre primaire (2) présentant une entrée d'air (7) et une sortie de flammes (8) ;
    - une chambre à feu secondaire (3) avec une entrée de flammes (10) sur le dessus de la chambre (3) et une sortie de gaz de combustion ;
    - un moyen de circulation d'air (18) pour l'alimentation en air (A) de l'entrée d'air (7) de la chambre à feu primaire (2),
    dans lequel la chambre à feu secondaire (3) est sous la chambre à feu primaire (2) par rapport à la direction de gravité,
    - la sortie de gaz de combustion (14) est agencée à une distance du fond (12) de la chambre à feu secondaire (3) de sorte qu'un espace de collecte de cendres soit prévu entre le fond (12) de la chambre à feu secondaire (3) et la sortie de gaz de combustion (14),
    caractérisé par
    des moyens déflecteurs (13) agencés dans la chambre à feu secondaire (3) entre le fond (12) et la sortie de gaz de combustion (14) pour le recyclage de gaz de combustion (G) dans la flamme (F) entrant au travers de l'entrée de flammes (10).
  2. Dispositif de chauffage (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la sortie de gaz de combustion (14) est agencée près du dessus de la chambre à feu secondaire (3).
  3. Dispositif de chauffage (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les moyens déflecteurs (13) comprennent une feuille métallique en forme de cône tronqué agencée sensiblement concentriquement par rapport à l'entrée de flammes (10).
  4. Dispositif de chauffage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre un échangeur de chaleur avec un circuit primaire (16) en connexion fluidique avec la sortie de gaz de combustion (14) et un circuit secondaire (15), au travers duquel un fluide pouvant être chauffé s'écoule (W).
  5. Dispositif de chauffage (1) selon la revendication 4, dans lequel l'échangeur de chaleur comprend un tube enroulé (15) agencé autour de la chambre à feu secondaire (3) et une paroi périphérique agencée autour du tube enroulé (15).
  6. Dispositif de chauffage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la chambre à feu primaire (2) présente une paroi cylindrique et dans lequel une pluralité de canaux d'entrée d'alimentation en air (7) est distribuée sur la paroi cylindrique.
  7. Dispositif de chauffage (1) selon la revendication 6, dans lequel les canaux d'entrée d'alimentation en air (7) présentent un composant directionnel tangentiel sur la sortie dans la chambre à feu primaire (2) afin de pousser l'air (A) dans un vortex résultant en une pyrolyse complète du combustible.
EP12151204.0A 2012-01-16 2012-01-16 Dispositif de chauffage Active EP2615369B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12151204.0A EP2615369B1 (fr) 2012-01-16 2012-01-16 Dispositif de chauffage

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12151204.0A EP2615369B1 (fr) 2012-01-16 2012-01-16 Dispositif de chauffage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2615369A1 EP2615369A1 (fr) 2013-07-17
EP2615369B1 true EP2615369B1 (fr) 2019-05-29

Family

ID=45491433

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12151204.0A Active EP2615369B1 (fr) 2012-01-16 2012-01-16 Dispositif de chauffage

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EP (1) EP2615369B1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105066112B (zh) * 2015-09-16 2017-02-22 潍坊金丝达新能源科技有限公司 生物质高温气化喷烧炉
CN105066111B (zh) * 2015-09-16 2017-03-29 潍坊金丝达新能源科技有限公司 生物质高温气化喷烧锅炉
WO2018052337A1 (fr) 2016-09-15 2018-03-22 Марк СОЛОНИН Chaudière à pyrolyse
CZ20221A3 (cs) * 2022-01-03 2023-03-15 Blaze Harmony S.R.O. Zplyňovací topidlo na pevná paliva s paprskovitou tryskou

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4213404A (en) * 1978-11-09 1980-07-22 Energy Alternatives, Inc. Solid refuse furnace
DE3031184C2 (de) * 1980-08-18 1984-05-10 H. u. W. Fritzen- GmbH & Co, 4420 Coesfeld Warmluftofen für feste Brennstoffe
NL8301598A (nl) 1983-05-06 1984-12-03 Eduard Thomas Jacobus Van Der Warmtegenerator.
NL8900939A (nl) * 1989-04-14 1990-11-01 Eduard Thomas Jacobus Van Der Gasgenerator.
DE19612045A1 (de) * 1996-03-27 1997-10-02 Hoval Interliz Ag Heizkessel und Verfahren zu seinem Betreiben

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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Publication number Publication date
EP2615369A1 (fr) 2013-07-17

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