EP2608229A2 - Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'un agencement de bobines - Google Patents
Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'un agencement de bobines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2608229A2 EP2608229A2 EP12193634.8A EP12193634A EP2608229A2 EP 2608229 A2 EP2608229 A2 EP 2608229A2 EP 12193634 A EP12193634 A EP 12193634A EP 2608229 A2 EP2608229 A2 EP 2608229A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- winding
- wire
- pin
- coil
- arrangement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 283
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
- H01F41/06—Coil winding
- H01F41/098—Mandrels; Formers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
- H01F41/06—Coil winding
- H01F41/064—Winding non-flat conductive wires, e.g. rods, cables or cords
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
- H01F41/06—Coil winding
- H01F41/071—Winding coils of special form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
- H01F41/06—Coil winding
- H01F41/082—Devices for guiding or positioning the winding material on the former
- H01F41/086—Devices for guiding or positioning the winding material on the former in a special configuration on the former, e.g. orthocyclic coils or open mesh coils
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a coil assembly by means of a winding machine, wherein a wire is wound onto a winding pin of a winding assembly of the winding machine to produce a coil of the coil assembly.
- the invention also relates to a corresponding winding machine for producing such a coil arrangement.
- a disadvantage of known methods for producing coils or corresponding winding machines is that the coil to be produced must begin at a free end of the wire. Consequently, the coil can not be formed into a piece of wire, one side of which is already part of an electrical component and the other side is rolled up on a reel.
- the individual coils In order to produce, for example, with known methods an arrangement of several series-connected coils, the individual coils must be manufactured separately from each other and electrically connected after their preparation, for example by soldering. The production of these electrical connections is complicated and error-prone, so that coil arrangements produced by the known methods or known winding machines are relatively expensive and have a high failure rate.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a coil arrangement which makes it possible to mold an electrical coil into a piece of wire whose free ends can not be accessed. This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and a winding machine according to claim 11.
- a method of the type mentioned wherein from a first wire portion of the wire, a first partial winding of the coil is produced by the winding pin is wound according to a first winding sense with the first wire portion and from a second wire portion of the wire, a second partial winding the coil is produced by the winding pin is wound according to a second winding direction opposite to the first winding sense with the second wire section.
- the coil produced by this method thus comprises two partial windings which are wound in opposite winding sense.
- a partial winding for example the first partial winding runs from the outside inwards (towards a longitudinal axis of the coil) and the other partial winding, for example the second partial winding, from inside to outside (away from the longitudinal axis of the coil).
- a current flowing through the wire of the coil therefore has the same direction of rotation in both partial windings with respect to the central axis of the coil. Therefore, despite the different Wickelsinne with the coil, a magnetic flux can be generated.
- Dividing the coil into the two partial windings ensures that it is not necessary to access a free end of the wire in order to mold the coil into the wire.
- the coil can also be formed in such a wire whose first end is for example part of an already manufactured component, for example another coil, and whose other free end is still on a reel or reel.
- a coil assembly having multiple serially connected coils can be made from a single piece of wire.
- the individual coils need not be made of different pieces of wire and then electrically connected together. With the method, therefore, the operation of the electrical connection of the individual coils can be saved, which allows a cost-effective production of the coil assembly and excludes the electrical connections between the coils as a cause for a failure of the coil assembly.
- a middle region of the wire between the two wire sections is fixed to the winding pin. According to The method is therefore started at the middle region with the winding of the two partial windings. Consequently, a free end of the wire need not be accessed.
- the winding pin is rotated about its longitudinal axis in order to wind it with the first wire section.
- the winding machine has a wire feed arrangement, and that during the production of the first partial winding, the winding arrangement is rotated relative to the wire feed arrangement of the winding machine such that the directions of rotation of the winding pin and the winding arrangement differ from each other.
- the winding arrangement and the winding pin are rotated about at least substantially parallel axes of rotation. This prevents that during winding of the first part of the winding winding simultaneously, the second wire section is wound in the same sense as the first wire section.
- peripheral speeds resulting from the rotational movements on the winding pin can be chosen to be substantially equal, so that in particular during manufacture of the first partial winding, the winding pin is wound only by the first wire section.
- the rotation of the winding pin about its longitudinal axis is at least substantially prevented and the winding arrangement is rotated relative to the wire feed arrangement of the winding machine so that the winding pin winds around the second wire section as a result of the rotation of the winding arrangement relative to the wire feed arrangement becomes.
- the production of the Coil divided into two steps.
- the first step the first partial winding is produced from the first wire section, wherein the winding arrangement and the winding pin rotate in opposite directions.
- the winding arrangement is further rotated so that the second partial winding is produced from the second wire section.
- these two steps are performed sequentially.
- at least a part of the second partial winding is already produced during manufacture of the first partial winding, so that the two steps overlap in time.
- a plurality of coils are produced from a single piece of wire by successively winding a plurality of winding pins each having a first wire section and a second wire section.
- a coil arrangement with a plurality of coils can be produced particularly easily, wherein each coil comprises a first partial winding and a second partial winding.
- an end of the first wire section facing away from the central region has a fixed spatial reference to the winding arrangement and the winding pin is moved towards the end of the first wire section, preferably along a straight line, while the winding pin is wound with the first wire section.
- the winding pin is moved towards the end of the first wire section, preferably along a straight line, while the winding pin is wound with the first wire section.
- a counterforce is generated which counteracts a movement of the winding pin.
- an actuator which is pneumatically or electrically driven, for example, can be provided.
- a spring for generating the counterforce can also be used.
- the winding pin is locked after moving to the end of the first wire portion in an end position corresponding to a predetermined position of the coil within the coil assembly. This ensures that, for example, when producing the coil arrangement with a plurality of coils connected in series, the individual coils are positioned with sufficient accuracy relative to one another. Thus, the required for the manufacture of coil assemblies for electric motors tolerances with respect to the geometry of the coil assembly can be met.
- the same actuator may be provided, which is also set up to generate the opposing force.
- the actuator is driven so that it generates the counterforce, whereas it is driven after reaching the end position so that it counteracts any movement of the winding pin away from the end position.
- the End position is specified by a mechanical stop or the like and the winding pin is held by appropriate control of a pneumatic actuator, such as an air cylinder, in this predetermined position.
- a winding machine for producing a coil arrangement, wherein the winding machine has a winding arrangement which is adapted to wind a wire on a winding pin to produce a coil of the coil assembly, wherein the winding machine is adapted to from a first wire portion of the wire to produce a first part winding of the coil, in which the winding pin is wound according to a first winding sense with the first wire portion and from a second wire portion of the wire to produce a second part winding of the coil by the winding pin according to a second winding direction opposite to the first winding sense is wound with the second wire section.
- the winding machine for carrying out a method according to the invention is set up. With such a winding machine, the advantages of the method described here can be realized.
- the winding arrangement has a plate rotatably mounted about a main axis of rotation on which at least one winding pin, preferably in a radial direction with respect to the main axis of rotation, is displaceably mounted. Due to the displaceable mounting it is achieved that, as described above, the winding pin can be moved toward the end of the first wire section during the production of the first partial winding. This movement can, as described above, be controlled by means of an actuator.
- the winding machine has a wire feed arrangement which is arranged such that the rotation of the plate about the main axis of rotation leads to a rotation of the winding pin around the wire feed arrangement.
- the second partial winding can be manufactured according to the second winding direction and / or the first partial winding can be prevented from being wound according to the first winding direction during the production of the first partial winding.
- the wire feed arrangement is fastened to a movable linkage so as to counteract the movement of the winding pin as a result of the rotation of the plate and / or can follow the displacement of the winding pin towards the end of the first wire section. Despite the movement of the winding pins, the wire feed arrangement thus always remains in the vicinity of the winding pin.
- the winding machine has guide means which cooperate with the winding pin and / or the wire feed means such that the wire feeding means follow the movement of the winding pin due to the rotation of the disk and / or the shifting of the winding pin towards the end of the first wire section.
- the guide means may for example comprise a driver, wherein a first driver portion of the winding pins engage in a second driver portion of the wire feed arrangement or otherwise can cooperate with this to follow the wire feed arrangement of the movement of the winding pin.
- FIG. 1 shows a winding machine 11 with a base plate 13, on which a relative to the base plate 13 rotatably mounted plate 15 is arranged.
- the plate 15 can as in FIG. 1 be shown substantially circular disk-shaped.
- a likewise arranged on the base plate 13 main drive 17 is coupled for example by means of a belt or toothed belt with the plate 15 such that it can rotate the plate 15.
- the main drive 17 may, for example, have an electric motor 19.
- the plate 15 is part of a winding assembly 21 of the winding machine 11.
- the winding assembly 21 has at least a winding pin 23, preferably a plurality of, in particular six winding pins 23, which are mounted on the plate 15 in relation to a main axis of rotation of the plate 15 radial direction slidably.
- the displaceable attachment of the winding pins 23 can be achieved for example by means of slide 25, wherein each winding pin 23 is assigned in each case such a slider 25.
- Each slider 25 or winding pin 23 may be associated with a pneumatic actuator 29, an actuator 27. Instead of the pneumatic drive 29, an electromagnetic drive can also be provided. It is also conceivable, instead of the actuator 27 or in addition to the actuator 27 to provide a spring which exerts a force on the respective winding pin 23, which acts in the direction of the main axis of rotation.
- the winding machine 11 has a wire feed arrangement 31, which is set up to supply wire to the respective winding pin 23 when winding coils and to ensure wire guidance during winding onto the winding pin 23.
- the wire feed assembly 31 is fixed to the base plate 13 via a movable linkage 33 so that it can follow a movement of the winding pin 23 that is being wound at the moment.
- At least one winding pin 23, preferably all winding pins 23 have a first driver portion 35.
- the first cam portion 35 is adapted to engage a second cam portion 37 of the wire feed assembly 31 to guide the wire feed assembly 31 in accordance with the movement of the winding pin 23, so that the wire feed assembly 31 is in a fixed spatial relationship during winding of the winding pin 23 the winding pin 23 remains, even if the winding pin 23 moves in the radial direction with respect to the main axis of rotation and the plate 15, driven by the main drive 17, rotates.
- winding pins 23 Five of in FIG. 2 shown winding pins 23 are in an end position near the center of the plate 15. These five winding pins 23 are already equipped with ready-wound coils.
- the sixth winding pin 23 (in FIG. 2 shown on the right) is not yet wound with wire 39.
- the wire 39 is fixed to the sixth winding pin 23.
- the winding pin 23 may have, for example, a slot running in its longitudinal direction, a notch or other fixing means which are arranged for fixing the wire 39 to the winding pin 23.
- FIG. 3 shows a simplified representation of a winding pin 23.
- a winding pin 23 is for fixing the in FIG. 2 shown a slot 41 provided at one of the plate 15 (see FIG. 1 or explained below FIG. 4 ) facing away from the winding pin 23 begins and extends at least substantially in the axial direction with respect to the winding pins 23.
- Each winding pin 23 is associated with a rotary drive 43, which can drive the winding pin 23 so that it rotates about its own longitudinal axis 45.
- the winding pin 23 may be associated with a lifting drive 47, which can adjust the winding pin, for example.
- the rotary drive 43 may, for example, have an electric motor, and the lifting drive 47 may comprise a pneumatic cylinder.
- FIG. 4 the plate 15 is shown in a plan view.
- the main axis of rotation was designated by the reference numeral 49. It can be seen that the main axis of rotation 49 a central axis of the overall circular disc-shaped plate 15th forms.
- the winding machine 11 is located in the in FIG. 2 shown state in which five coils have already been wound around five different winding pins 23.
- the sixth winding pin 23, the in FIG. 4 shown below has not yet been wound.
- FIG. 4 Thus, the state of the winding machine 11 immediately before the production of the sixth and last coil of a coil assembly 51, which consists of a total of six similar coils.
- the winding machine 11 is arranged to produce a coil arrangement with a different number of coils. For this purpose, this winding machine 11 may have a different number of winding pins 23.
- a central portion 53 of the wire 39 which is located between a first wire portion 55 of the wire 39 and a second wire portion 57 of the wire 39, fixed to the winding pin 23.
- the central region 53 in the slot 41 (see FIG. 3 ) are used.
- the first wire section 55 extends over the region of the wire 39 between the sixth winding pin 23 and the adjacent fifth winding pin 23.
- the second wire section 57 is at least partially still in the in the FIG. 1 shown wire feed assembly 31 and is released when winding the winding pins 23 of this wire feed assembly 31.
- the first wire portion 55 and the second wire portion 57 are the same length.
- FIG. 5 a fully wound coil 67 is shown.
- the coil has a first partial winding 59 and a second partial winding 65.
- the winding pin 23 of the FIG. 4 offset in a rotational movement ⁇ 1, so that the first wire section 55 is wound up. Since the winding pin 23 is mounted displaceably in a radial direction with respect to the main axis of rotation 49, the winding pin 23 moves during the winding of the first wire section 55 along a radial direction of movement (arrow 61 in FIG FIG. 4 ). When the first part winding 59 is finished, the winding pin 23 is in an in FIG. 4 Dashed line end position 63. A winding sense of the first part of the winding 59 corresponds to the direction of rotation ⁇ 1.
- the main drive 17 is displaced according to FIG FIG. 4 the plate 15 in a further rotational movement ⁇ 2, which is opposite to the rotational movement ⁇ 1 of the winding pin 23.
- the rotational movements ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are chosen such that the resulting peripheral velocities at the winding pin 23 are equal. Since according to the FIG. 1 the wire feed arrangement 31 is fastened to the base plate 13 via the linkage 33 and therefore does not rotate with the plate 15, the winding pin 23 in the winding direction of the first part winding 59 is prevented from being wound by the further rotational movement .omega.2.
- the rotary drive 43 is stopped to a further rotation ⁇ 1 of the winding pin 23rd to prevent.
- the main drive 17 continues to drive the plate 15 according to the further rotation ⁇ 2, so that now the winding pin 23 is wound with the second wire section 57 and the second partial winding 65 (see FIG. 5 ) arises.
- the wire feed arrangement 31 (see FIG FIG. 1 ) to the second portion 57 of the wire 39 to.
- the wire 39 can, for example, be unwound from a wire reel or reel.
- the finished wound coil 67 comprising the first partial winding 59 and the second partial winding 65 is, as already mentioned, in the FIG. 5 shown.
- the first partial winding 59 is located above the second partial winding 65.
- the second partial winding 65 may also be arranged above the first partial winding 59.
- the wire 39 is flat wire, which allows the production of relatively compact coil 67.
- the invention is also applicable in connection with wire having a different cross-sectional shape, for example round wire.
- the first part winding 59 is wound according to a first winding sense (corresponding to the rotation ⁇ 1).
- the second partial winding 65 is wound according to a second winding sense (corresponding to the rotation ⁇ 2), which is opposite to the first winding sense of ⁇ 1. Since coil ends 69 of the coil 67 are located on an outer side of the two partial windings 59, 65, that is, on a side facing away from the longitudinal axis 45 side of the two partial windings 59, 65 results in energization of the coil 67, a current which rotates in both partial windings 59, 65 in the same direction about the longitudinal axis 45.
- the winding machine 11 and a method of manufacturing the coil assembly 51 made thereby make it possible to produce a plurality of series-connected coils 67 wound from a single piece of wire 39.
- the coil 67 can be formed into a section of the wire 39 without having to access a free, severed end of the wire 39.
- the method or the winding machine 11 therefore, in particular coil arrangements 51 for electric motors with disc-shaped coils can be produced.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RS20170367A RS55939B1 (sr) | 2011-12-19 | 2012-11-21 | Postupak i uređaj za proizvodnju sklopa kalema |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011089073A DE102011089073A1 (de) | 2011-12-19 | 2011-12-19 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Spulenanordnung |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2608229A2 true EP2608229A2 (fr) | 2013-06-26 |
EP2608229A3 EP2608229A3 (fr) | 2014-03-12 |
EP2608229B1 EP2608229B1 (fr) | 2017-03-15 |
Family
ID=47290668
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12193634.8A Active EP2608229B1 (fr) | 2011-12-19 | 2012-11-21 | Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'un agencement de bobines |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2608229B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE102011089073A1 (fr) |
RS (1) | RS55939B1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105529178A (zh) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-04-27 | 安徽昊方机电股份有限公司 | 一种无骨架线圈绕组全自动绕线模具 |
CN108735495A (zh) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-11-02 | 浙江田中精机股份有限公司 | 全自动线圈绕线机 |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108022749A (zh) * | 2016-11-08 | 2018-05-11 | 佛山市顺德区纵奇自动化设备有限公司 | 一种可自动调节的绕线模及安装有该绕线模的绕线机 |
DE102020131305A1 (de) | 2020-11-26 | 2022-06-02 | Schuler Pressen Gmbh | Formwerkzeug und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines trapezartigen Profils in einer Metallfolie |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2677802B1 (fr) * | 1991-06-14 | 1994-09-09 | Alsthom Gec | Bobinage electrique et son procede d'enroulement. |
US20030029957A1 (en) * | 2001-08-13 | 2003-02-13 | Smith Ronald D. | System and method for manufacturing an ignition coil |
JP3802785B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-03 | 2006-07-26 | 建準電機工業股▲分▼有限公司 | 直流モーター |
JP5363804B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-08 | 2013-12-11 | 日特エンジニアリング株式会社 | 多連巻きコイル巻線方法及び装置 |
FR2944133A1 (fr) * | 2009-04-03 | 2010-10-08 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | Inductance symetrique, en particulier pour detecteurs de proximite |
-
2011
- 2011-12-19 DE DE102011089073A patent/DE102011089073A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2012
- 2012-11-21 EP EP12193634.8A patent/EP2608229B1/fr active Active
- 2012-11-21 RS RS20170367A patent/RS55939B1/sr unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105529178A (zh) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-04-27 | 安徽昊方机电股份有限公司 | 一种无骨架线圈绕组全自动绕线模具 |
CN105529178B (zh) * | 2016-01-12 | 2017-07-21 | 安徽昊方机电股份有限公司 | 一种无骨架线圈绕组全自动绕线模具 |
CN108735495A (zh) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-11-02 | 浙江田中精机股份有限公司 | 全自动线圈绕线机 |
CN108735495B (zh) * | 2018-05-21 | 2024-04-19 | 浙江田中精机股份有限公司 | 全自动线圈绕线机 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2608229B1 (fr) | 2017-03-15 |
DE102011089073A1 (de) | 2013-06-20 |
RS55939B1 (sr) | 2017-09-29 |
EP2608229A3 (fr) | 2014-03-12 |
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