EP2603765A1 - Reactive protection arrangement - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a reactive protection arrangement for protecting stationary or moving objects (1) against threats (3) by hollow charges, projectile-forming charges, or kinetic energy penetrators is or can be rigidly or movably attached to a side of the object (1) to be protected facing the threat (3) and contains at least one protective surface (4) arranged at an inclination angle (2) from the threat direction. Said protective surface (4) has a front cover (5), which faces the threat (3), and a rear cover (9, 10), which faces away from the threat (3) and is arranged at a distance from the front cover (5) and is preferably designed as a bulging arrangement. Between said two covers (5, 9, 10) is at least one stationary or movable reactive middle layer or reactive zone (11), which has at least two reactive sub-areas (4A) each having at least one explosive-substance field (7), wherein the reactive sub-areas (4) are plugged on all sides by the bounding covers (5, 9, 10) and by lateral separating layers (8).

Description

 DESCRIPTION

REACTIVE PROTECTION

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

 The invention relates to a reactive protection arrangement for the protection of stationary or mobile objects against threats, which is particularly effective against hollow charges (HL threats), explosive or projectile-forming charges (P-charges) and Balloons (KE ammunition).

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

In the case of protective arrangements, a distinction must generally be made between homogeneous (solid) and structured (consisting of several levels of protection) perpendicular to the threat or tilted. Another distinguishing feature is the nature of the protective effect. Here, a distinction is made between passive, reactive, active and inert-dynamic structures. Upon initiation of pyrotechnic components by the impending threat, arrays are referred to as reactive protection, with controlled ignition of the same as active armor. Inert-dynamic protection arrangements are when the protection or parts thereof are accelerated solely by the energy of the impending or penetrating threat. An example of this are buckling arrangements (Beulplattenanordnungen, Beulstrukturen). Since the beginning of the 1970s, reactive arrangements have been known both against shaped charges and against projectiles in which pyrotechnically accelerated elements cause a lateral disturbance or deflection of the impacting or penetrating threat and thereby a reduction of the breakdown power. Mostly this is one or more layers, one or two-sided assignments of explosives with mostly metallic plates. Such arrangements are in armored vehicles in use. In reactive protection arrangements, the pyrotechnic component is the main problem, both in terms of handling and the different loads after detonation on the structure or field of action (collateral damage) to be protected. The quality of such protection is determined primarily by the amount of explosive used throughout the target, by the area of the detonating agent when the threat strikes, and by design measures.

Due to their very high penetration power equipped with a hollow charge warhead anti-tank weapons are a major threat especially for light to medium armored vehicles dar. Here are the warheads PG 7 and Lance as a reference for this weapon system. For example, protection against HL threats of medium armored vehicles with a basic protection of approximately 30 - 50 mm armor steel equivalent with passive protection systems requires an additional basis weight of the order of 500 kg / m ² . With previously known reactive protection systems, an additional basis weight of the order of 250 to 300 kg / m ^{2 is still} required. Even with the use of considerable, reactively accelerated surface masses, the HL threats can not be warded off completely, since only a limited portion of the shaped charge jet can be influenced by the disruptive measures. Therefore, according to the current state of protection technology still about 20 to 30% of the power of the shaped charge ammunition must be compensated as a residual power from the base armor of the vehicle. For the mentioned HL threat, this still corresponds to a required basic protection on the order of 60 to 80 mm armor steel equivalent.

In reactive systems, the effective components must be accelerated to speeds of several 100 m / s, in order to reach the up to 10 km / s impinging hollow charge jets still with laterally acting perturbation masses. For this purpose, the accelerated target plates must basically bridge the crater formed by the jet tip in order to reach the passing beam laterally. The structure of the arrangement and in particular its angle to the threat are the determining parameters here. By In a number of known embodiments, multi-layered and also highly inclined reactive protective structures are achieved as rapidly as possible and also over a relatively long period of time (or a larger jet length) effective jet disturbance. In general, however, this leads to structures with a lot of explosives and a large construction depth in relation to the covered area. In addition, the proportion of construction-related areas or areal masses (dead masses) increases.

Since relatively large areas (of the order of 100 mm × 300 mm) are detonated in conventional protective arrangements, they burden both the environment and the structure carrying them. Such reactive armor is already limited in area modules (reactive surface elements). In lighter combat vehicles, the use of reactive components is severely limited or not possible due to the load imposed by the reactive system itself.

In EP 1 846 723 B1 relating to the reactive protective device known by the name "ERICA", further patent documents with reactive components have been described and critically discussed by way of example, namely the documents US 5,824,951 A, DE 37 29 211 C, US 4,741, 244 A, DE 199 56 297 C2, DE 199 56 197 A1, US Pat. No. 5,637,824 A, DE 37 29 21 1 C, WO 94/2081 1 A1, DE 33 13 208 C and DE 102 50 132 A1.

The protective arrangement described in EP 1 846 723 B1 itself consists of a carrier of any shape inclined in the area of impact or impact of the threat onto which pyrotechnic layers are applied on both sides. By igniting both layers, shock waves and reaction gases are formed and accelerated both against and in the direction of the penetrating threat. As a result, both the front, high-performance radiation elements and a considerable part of the total beam length are disturbed in shaped charges. The pyrotechnic structure is at least approximately in a dynamic equilibrium over the entire time of action and exerts no endballistisch relevant or destructive influences on the environment. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

 It is the object of the present invention to provide an improved reactive protection arrangement with which, for example, medium-weight vehicles and only lightly armored vehicles with correspondingly low basic protection against shaped charges can be protected.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

 This object is achieved by a reactive protection arrangement having the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

The reactive protection arrangement for the protection of stationary or movable objects against threats from shaped charges, projectile-forming charges or balancing projectiles which is attached or attachable to a threat facing side of the object to be protected has at least one protective surface arranged at an angle of inclination with respect to the threat direction wherein said guard surface comprises a threat facing front cover, a back facing away from the threat and spaced from the front cover, and at least one stationary or movable reactive mid layer between the front cover and the back cover, the at least one reactive middle layer having at least two reactive faces each having at least one explosive field and wherein the reactive partial surfaces of the at least one reactive middle layer are dammed on all sides.

With the reactive protective arrangement according to the invention, in particular the following advantages can be achieved:

 a low basis weight;

 a very high efficiency;

- an optimal adaptability to the surface of the protected

objects;

 a smallest possible detonating area;

 the safe and very rapid ignition of the applied field;

the avoidance of unintentional ignition of neighboring fields; the avoidance of fragmentation of the vehicle environment; no restriction on the mobility of the vehicle;

 as modular a construction as possible, so that parts of the protection system can be installed or dismantled during the mission;

- no danger from the explosive on the vehicle;

 an avoidance of the formation of ballistic splinters and / or burden of the environment by the effect development of the reactive middle class.

In contrast to the conventional protection devices, the present invention provides a protective structure / protection concept which is at least equivalent to the known arrangements in subareas, but clearly superior in its entirety. The invention relates to a partially filled with explosives reactive protection arrangement in which the impending threat usually only a relatively small part of the total area triggers and thereby in particular causes no or little lateral damage. Such a reactive protection device combines a very high efficiency with a minimum detonating explosive surface.

The reactive protection arrangement is fixedly or detachably affixed or attachable to a threat-facing side of the object to be protected, and has at least one reactive protective layer inclined with respect to the threat and having special design features. This reactive protective layer in turn is delimited in the direction of the threat by a front cover (usually a planar element) and on the back by a rear cover / protective plate / dent. The reactive protective layer has explosive-deposited partial fields / partial surfaces which each extend over a part of the protective layer.

According to the invention, an all-round dam is provided for the reactive occupancy / partial occupancy of the protection area (occupancy of the explosive surface or of the explosive field), whereby the nature of this accumulation is assigned specific (special, characteristic) properties. As a result, in contrast to a conventional, over the entire surface to be protected extending explosive occupancy protection arrangement is provided which has special protection properties by means of design and technical structure.

The present invention relies on the manner of dam of the individual explosive-occupied active fields. For a better understanding of the considerations made in this context, the term "dam" will be explained below.

In the reaction of an explosive device, a distinction is made according to the reaction kinetics basically between combustion, deflagration, area detonation (expiring detonation after a certain distance) and detonation (through the entire body continuous detonation). For the reaction to take place, the course of the dissociation of the explosive, i. its chemical conversion into the reaction components important. This implementation is critically influenced or determined by external influences / parameters in terms of the "dam" (confinement, confinement, or confinement) of the explosive body, and "dam" means the manner of confining an explosive volume in the course of its implementation to understand. There is still a distinction between a static entrainment (no changes in the reaction-influencing boundary) and a dynamic entrainment, in which the external influencing parameters change during the reaction of the explosive.

The effect of the reacting explosive on its environment (its housing, its limitations, its covers) results from the resulting reaction gases and the impact load on the explosives surrounding body / materials or surfaces. In the impact load, in turn, the manner of transition of the impact energy at the interface between the explosive and the boundary wall is crucial. Another factor is the transport / continuation / propagation of the impact energy both in the reaction volume not yet involved in the reaction (reached from the reaction front) and in the surrounding medium. The all-round dam of the reactive partial surfaces of the at least one reactive middle layer of the at least one protective surface is achieved by the front cover, the rear cover and by a lateral damming of the partial surfaces.

From the above terms and their definitions results in the particular advantage of arrangements according to the invention over previously known reactive protective structures. Thus, for example, causes the complete detonation of the explosive surface or explosive field immediately after the impact of the shaped charge jet whose full and optimal implementation. In this way, the protective elements to be accelerated can be accelerated to such high speeds in a sufficiently short time that they are able to reach the HL-beam laterally, and thus to decisively reduce its effect. The explosive blended on all sides can convert all its pyrotechnic energy into the respective field of explosives, thus causing the greatest possible disruption of the threat in relation to the energy introduced. The total mass of the explosive of the reactive protection arrangement can be significantly reduced by the use of such protective elements (pyrotechnic partial surfaces) in comparison to the full-surface explosive coverage in terms of area distribution and necessary thickness of coverage. In addition, the free choice of the materials used can influence the shock wave propagation and thus the dynamics of the process. Due to the partial surface coverage also materials can be used, which can not be used in conventional reactive armor due to their mechanical or dynamic properties.

In the abovementioned EP 1 846 723 B1, fundamental considerations are made regarding the achievable speeds of free and occupied explosive surfaces via the Gurney equation for plane pyrotechnic surfaces. Thereafter, with greater explosive thickness and relatively thinner layer to be accelerated, theoretically speeds up to more than 4 km / s. The free surface or a small occupancy of the explosive surface decides on an approximation to the theoretically achievable speeds. With very thin coatings, even at low explosive thicknesses (for example 2 mm) still surface speeds in the order of 2 km / s reached. Such speeds are very high compared to conventional sandwich constructions. Gurney values are particularly important because they are crucial for effective dams. Constructs according to the present invention achieve by the optimal insulation of the explosive and the choice of material, even at relatively very small areas correspondingly high speeds of the assignments.

In addition to the minimum amount of explosive mass reacted, a particular advantage of the protection arrangement according to the invention is its multihit capability, i. the effectiveness against multiple threats. Although the triggered protective element reduces the remaining reactive protective surface according to its size, the relatively small area of this element in the ratio of a full-area explosive layer leaves the majority of the area to be protected reactively occupied and thus fully functional.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the explosive field can be filled with an insensitive explosive, which nevertheless thoroughly penetrated in a sufficiently short time due to the optimal containment and thus also achieves a high protective efficiency. In the case of adjacent explosive fields, with the use of such explosives, the confinement between the fields may be made correspondingly thin to avoid ignition of the adjacent field. In addition, the use of insensitive explosives simplifies the manufacture and handling of the protective layers and thus of the entire protection arrangement.

By minimizing the detonating explosive masses in the individual fields, it is possible, even with relatively thin (only a few millimeters thick) lateral boundaries (entanglements) to avoid spreading of the detonation on the neighboring fields even with livelier explosives. At the same time ensure such thin intermediate webs that the protection performance is consistently high even at marginal hits or impact hits. This also applies to the case that the hits are in the range of the meeting of three or four subfields. By means of a corresponding geometric design of the individual fields (cf., for example, FIG. 14), longer, linear, possible weak points can be prevented.

The division of the area occupied by the explosive is largely left to the user when the relevant design regulations are observed. This applies in particular to the optimal distribution of the protective fields as well as to their subdivision or field size. The distribution can be even or uneven. Also, the geometric design of the fields and the structure of the protective surfaces are largely freely selectable. In this way, for example, strip-like, checkered or otherwise designed surface assignments can be realized. Such distributions are of particular interest in coordinated multi-layer occupancies.

When using Beulplatten as accelerated protective elements, these are not subject to any restriction. It is thus possible to use all previously known bulge plates or else bulging arrangements for covering the reactive middle layer. Likewise, the carrier plate system-related specifications or intended further protection properties can be largely adapted. For example, they may be made of light metal, steel or a non-metallic material.

The lateral dam of the explosive field / explosive fields shall be designed in accordance with the parameters specific to the specific parameters. The dynamic effectiveness derives both from the physical / mechanical principles and from the specific properties of the layers / interfaces involved in the passage of shock waves. The interfaces between the dynamic middle layer and the internal dams and adjacent materials are crucial. The properties of the interface with respect to the passage behavior of the shock waves are described by the so-called reflection coefficient (RK). This determines the reflectance of the shock waves in the interface between two condensed media by the ratio RK = (m-1) / (m + 1) with m> 1 as the quotient of the products density (p) and longitudinal sound velocity / bar-wave velocity (c) of the materials involved.

The passage of the shock waves in the boundary layer of both materials then takes place without reflection, if the products (p χ c) of the components are the same. For approximate estimation, the data of selected substance pairings are listed (pxc of both materials; m; RK): St / Cu 4.1 / 3.3; 1, 23; 0.11 (ie at the interface between steel and copper about 1 1% of the shock wave energy is reflected); St / AI 4.1 / 1, 4; 1 1, 7; 0.49 (reflectance about 49%); St / explosive 4.1 / 0.12; 33.9; 0.94 (reflectance 94%); AI / explosive 1, 4 / 0.12; 11, 7; 0.84 (reflectance about 84%); St / plastic 4.1 / 0.63; 6.54; 0.73 (reflectance about 73%); Plastic / explosive 0.63 / 0.12; 5.25; 0.68 (reflectance about 68%). The material-specific properties of the laterally insulating webs and the covers of the explosive fields must be used to correspondingly influence the part of the directly transmitted shockwave energy. This circumstance is decisive for the acceleration of the coating materials and the achievable final speeds. Field tests with arrangements according to the invention have confirmed this. In a preferred embodiment, the pyrotechnic protective structure according to the invention consists of a carrier (rear cover) of any shape inclined in the area of impact or impact of the threat onto which the at least one pyrotechnic protective surface (reactive middle layer) is applied. By firing the element (s), both shock waves and reaction gases are formed which accelerate the depositions both against and in the direction of the impending threat. As a result, both the front powerful beam elements and a considerable part of the rear / remaining beam length are deflected / disturbed in shaped charges, thereby decisively reducing the penetration power of the threat. The pyrotechnic structure exerts little or no end ballistic relevant or destructive influences on the environment, ie neither on the outside / the battlefield nor on the structure to be protected. It is a very simple and basic protection arrangement, which is basically subject to no limitations or restrictive technical specifications. This leads to a level of innovation that is not achieved by any previously known reactive protection arrangement. In addition, the presented protective surface is suitable to effect a strong increase in the level of protection in a number of known armor both by an upstream circuit as well as by integration.

In principle, pyrotechnic protective surfaces according to the invention can be combined with protective arrangements against P charges or KE threats. In any case, small dead masses are needed when optimizing against several types of threats.

Of course, despite the generally unrestricted freedom of action a reasonable ratio of the parameters involved must be respected. In conventional reactive armor, the effectiveness is critically dependent on sizing requirements. By contrast, in the present invention, only a few conditions have to be taken into account due to the system. Although these generally apply to all reactive arrangements, they are to be made more favorable in the arrangement according to the invention. These include, for example, the minimum explosive thickness for ensuring a rapid initiation and a detonation passing through with as high a velocity as possible. Due to the all-round damming the usual minimum values can be significantly undercut. Other prerequisites arise from the geometric conditions and from the relationship between threat and Schutzflächendimensionierung. Here, the materials used, such as the type of explosive or corresponding admixtures up to the number and arrangement of the partial surfaces or the protective surfaces are taken into account.

Due to the design and the high efficiency of a pyrotechnic protective surface according to the invention, the explosive surface to be occupied and thus the expended explosive mass per protective element compared to previously known reactive armor significantly be lower. After a large number of tests under realistic conditions, it can be assumed that adequate protective performances are achieved with partial areas of the order of 30 mm × 50 mm. This makes it possible to reduce the detonating explosive mass by a factor of 10 to 20 compared with conventional reactive protective arrangements. As a guideline for the design, the thickness of the explosive coverings can be about 50% of the mean beam diameter at an angle between the defense area and the threat of more than 45 °. The explosive films or the assignments may have varying thicknesses. As a result, for example, the effectiveness of a partial surface, for example to compensate for different depths of protection or jobs can be influenced. In connection with the disturbance of the fast beam parts in the tip region by sufficiently high speeds and by suitable assignments of the reactive components, very broad-band arrangements with high overall efficiency can result. The influence of shock wave transmission has already been pointed out.

Over a thicker support layer or interface between the explosive sheets having additional physical properties (eg, dynamic behavior or specific properties to shockwaves and their propagation), the depth of engagement can be increased, i. Multiple beam particles and thus a larger beam length in the target passage can be disturbed. Known, dynamically compacted by explosives glass body affect such a structure. However, these are relatively difficult in the known arrangements not least due to the required thicknesses and associated lateral dimensions in the mass balance of armor. The intermediate layers in arrangements according to the invention have other objectives and are also completely different dimensions.

In the case of reactive armor, the influence of the element size or the accelerated area / partial area on the dam and thus on the speeds that can be achieved by the accelerated components is more decisive Importance. This speed reduction can be on the order of 50%, so this influence can override other target-specific parameters. At very low occupation masses or at free explosive layers the influence of the element size becomes correspondingly smaller. In the first approximation he has no influence on the velocity of the gas bubbles. This results in a further advantage in arrangements according to the present invention. In particular, the very important interpretation of module size and impact in peripheral areas are positively influenced. By a multilayer structure of the carrier, this can also serve as a control element for the energy and signal transfer between the individual protection components.

The explosive layers required for pyrotechnic protective surfaces according to the invention have only low demands on manufacturing tolerances, surface quality and production methods. This greatly increases the scope in the design of protective elements.

A further improvement results from the basically known method of proving the surfaces of the pyrotechnic layers with materials of different densities and different properties up to a desired dynamic decomposition behavior. Advantageous for such assignments in addition to the usual reactive arrangements for materials such as steel, titanium or duralumin, materials of lower or higher density, decomposing or delaminating materials, plastics, composite materials or ceramics are used. Physically interesting substances are shock-resistant, but at relatively low deformation speeds soft materials such as rubber or polymeric materials. As materials of lower density than aluminum are, for example, metallic or non-metallic foams, as materials of higher density heavy metals, usually on a tungsten basis.

By applying the model rules introduced in ballistics, in particular the Cranz model law, geometrical transmissions can be made within wide limits. Thus, a proven in practice construction by means of physical and geometric mapping rules in very wide limits to comparable applications. Further tools for dimensioning and optimizing a protective structure are provided by numerical simulations. The high efficiency of an arrangement according to the invention is in principle not bound to a housing. Container, housing or covers serve primarily to fix or protect the active layers against environmental influences. An improvement in the effectiveness in connection with other protective components to be combined is also conceivable. In practice, it is basically advantageous to combine the mode of action of the protective arrangement with design specifications of the object to be protected. This can range from simple hanging up to complementary protective structures. It is also possible to use such system-side devices for improving the protection performance of arrangements according to the invention, for example, by contributing to or supporting these components for the decomposition of the beam parts. This can have an advantageous effect on the required target depth. The materials of the front and / or back of the housing, possibly introduced bearing or fixing components, which may consist of one or more layers are also to optimize their effectiveness against KE projectiles and P-charges.

In a preferred embodiment, the layers of explosive and inert materials are introduced into prefabricated pockets of the protective surfaces or the protection module, whereby a simple and production-oriented adaptation of the reactive protection can be made to the object to be protected.

The design of the protective surface is completely free. It is preferably a substantially flat surface, but may also assume a curved or otherwise shaped shape. Required is only a sufficient inclination towards the direction of threat in the area of effect. Due to the high efficiency of the pyrotechnic coating, the minimum angles in the arrangement proposed here are to be interpreted as 10 ° to 15 ° lower in comparison to known reactive structures. Since it is assumed in sandwiches of conventional construction of a minimum inclination angle of 45 °, is in the present Arrangement a mean angle between threat and defense of 30 ° to 45 ° sufficient. However, larger angles also increase the efficiency, if feasible. The angle between the defense surface and the threat can be formed by the employment of the entire surface or by geometric modifications by technical or constructive measures. Thus, for example, even with respect to a threat to a sufficient effect too low inclined surface, the required inclination by corrugation, angular position or lamination can be achieved. The different embodiments of pyrotechnic protection surfaces can form a continuous surface or be constructed of individual modules with gaps or other separations (for example, surface segments, blinds, separate or interlocking modules).

The technical design of the load-bearing element (s) or the coverings of the protective surface is in principle not subject to any restrictions (for example metallic, non-metallic, structured, single-layer or multilayer). The covers may be rigid or deformable / movable, and their thicknesses may range from film thickness to a solid plate or thicker structure.

The following features and advantages, which can be achieved all or at least in part in the protective arrangement according to the invention, should again be emphasized:

 minimum use of explosives for reactive targets;

- detonation of a minimum explosive mass;

 highest possible handling safety of a reactively equipped protection; due to the all-round damming of the individual fields, the use is carrier

Explosives possible;

 Possibility of multi-layered, combined structures;

- By the all-round confusion of the individual fields is an optimal acceleration of the protective elements;

 minimal load on both the object to be protected and the environment / battlefield;

flexible adaptation to the surface of the object to be protected; best conditions for retrofitting;

 Modular construction, i. Separation of accelerated components and explosive layer possible;

 lower inclinations / employment than conventional reactive armor possible;

 by subfields is a multi-layered, with different reactive assignments possible;

 no or little performance loss due to edge hits or field edge hits.

The following preferred features can be implemented individually or in combination in a reactive protection arrangement according to the invention:

 the middle layer has two or more reactive sides or explosive fields dammed on all sides;

 the reactive partial surfaces of the at least one reactive middle layer are laterally blocked by means of separating layers or inner dams;

 the rear cover has at least one buckling arrangement;

 the at least one reactive middle layer is one-sided or bilateral with one

Provided cover layer;

 the protective surface has two or more reactive middle layers;

 the reactive faces are different or the same size;

 the reactive faces have any geometry;

 the reactive partial surfaces of the at least one reactive middle layer have at least two layers with explosive fields which are laterally dammed on all sides; between the explosive fields of two such layers of the reactive

Partial surfaces is arranged an intermediate layer;

 the reactive sub-areas of a middle layer are the same or different from each other;

 a surface coverage of the at least one protective surface with dammed reactive partial surfaces is about 50% to about 100%, preferably more than about 65%;

the angle of inclination between the at least one guard surface and the direction of threat is in the range of about 30 ° to about 70 °, more preferably in the range of about 40 ° to about 60 °; a protective thickness of an explosive field in the direction of threat is in the range of about 10 mm to about 14 mm;

between the reactive middle layer and the back cover is disposed an intermediate layer;

the lateral dam of the reactive partial surfaces has an arbitrary cross-section;

the lateral dam of the reactive partial surfaces consists essentially of a metallic or a non-metallic material;

the lateral dam of the reactive partial surfaces is substantially homogeneous or consists of a laminate or multilayer structure;

the insulating separating layers of the at least one reactive middle layer have geometrically shaped or inclined separating elements; between a reactive partial surface and a laterally damming separating layer is at least partially disposed an interface for influencing the boundary layer reflections;

the reactive partial surfaces of the at least one protective surface are substantially arranged in a checkerboard or strip pattern;

the protective arrangement has at least two protective surfaces arranged one behind the other in the direction of threat with strip-shaped reactive partial surfaces, wherein the strips of the reactive partial surfaces of a rear protective surface are offset relative to the strips of the reactive partial surfaces of a front protective surface (in the case of two protective surfaces preferably by one strip spacing);

the protective arrangement has at least two protective surfaces arranged one behind the other in the direction of threat, with reactive partial areas arranged in a checkerboard pattern, the reactive partial areas of a rear protective area being substantially offset relative to the reactive partial areas of a front protective area (in the case of two protective areas, the reactive partial areas of the front protective area are preferably located essentially over the inert partial surfaces of the rear protection surface);

the front and the rear cover of the reactive middle layer or their reactive partial surfaces consists essentially of a metallic or a non-metallic material; the front and the rear cover of the reactive middle layer or their reactive partial surfaces are substantially homogeneous or consist of a laminate or layer structure;

 the size of the front and the rear covers of the reactive middle layer or their reactive partial surfaces corresponds substantially to the size of the explosive fields;

 the front and the rear cover of the reactive middle layer or their reactive partial surfaces are single-layered or multi-layered (with or without intermediate layer (s));

the front and the rear cover of the reactive middle layer or their reactive partial surfaces project beyond the explosive fields of the reactive middle layer;

 the front and the rear cover of the reactive middle layer or their reactive partial surfaces can be used in combination;

- Several protective surfaces are arranged like a jalousie;

 a plurality of protective surfaces are arranged at an angle to each other;

 between the at least one protective surface and the object to be protected, an additional layer for disturbing a (residual) threat penetrating the at least one protective surface is arranged with or without distance to the object to be protected and / or to the at least one protective surface;

 the at least one protective surface is movably arranged;

 the reactive partial surfaces of the at least one middle layer are exchangeable; the reactive partial surfaces of the at least one middle layer are rotatable or adjustable in their inclination;

 the reactive partial surfaces and / or the explosive fields are pyrotechnically linked to one another;

 the at least one protective surface has an enclosure or a housing; the explosive fields are provided with a pyrotechnic or mechanical ignition aid;

the front and / or the rear cover are at least partially thermally and / or mechanically treated on their sides facing the at least one reactive middle layer; The front cover is essentially made of a material that

Reason for its thickness and / or its mechanical properties in the

Detonation of the explosive is punched out substantially in accordance with the size of the reactive part surface;

 the at least one protective surface forms a modular unit;

 the at least one protective surface has on its front side and / or its

Back a cover layer on;

 the front and / or the rear cover are connected to the at least one reactive middle layer by means of a screw connection, an adhesive connection and / or a vulcanization.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

 The above and other features, advantages and applications of the invention will become more apparent from the following description of various embodiments and detailed descriptions of the operation of individual components and explanations of the processes in the case of incident and penetrating threats with reference to the accompanying drawings (mainly as schematic sectional views). Show:

Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of the basic structure of a protective device according to the invention with the object to be protected 1 and a protective surface 4 and the reactive partial surfaces 4A of the reactive middle layer 11;

2 shows views of the basic structure of the reactive middle layer 1 1 with the front and rear cover layers 1 1A and 1 1 B as components of the protective surface 4; Fig. 3 shows the construction with a front and a rear accelerated, areal cover 5 and 9, respectively; 4A to 4C show three examples of a protective arrangement with reactive surface elements / protective surfaces 4 or partial occupancy 4A and different rear / rear coverings / covers; Fig. 4A back cover of the reactive middle layer 1 1 by means of a homogeneous plate to be accelerated 9, wherein between the plate 9 and the explosive surface 1 1 is a cover layer 11 B;

Fig. 4B back cover of the explosive-coated surface 1 1 by means of a

 Beulplattenanordnung / Beulstruktur 10, consisting of the front

Plate 9, rear plate 9A and intermediate layer 9B;

Fig. 4C back cover the explosive-coated surface 1 1 by means of a reactively accelerated plate 9 and a spaced therefrom by means of an intermediate layer 35 Beulanordnung 10;

5 to 8 show three schematic views of the interaction of a protective surface 4 and the partial surfaces 4A with the impending threat; FIG. 5 protective surface 4 (here based on the example of FIG. 4) with the reactive partial surfaces 4A with continuous / full-surface double-sided occupancy by surfaces 5 and 9 or 10 to be accelerated;

6 protective surface 4 with segmented occupancy (partial area occupation) by means of the surface elements 4A and a segmented occupancy of the front accelerated surfaces by the partial surfaces 5A and a continuous / full-area rear occupancy 9, 10;

Fig. 7 protective surface 4 with continuous, by means of the detonation of the

Explosive to be punched front, full-surface occupancy 5 and a segmented occupancy of the accelerated rear partial surfaces 9C and a explosive covering partial surface layer 11 C; Sectional view of a protective surface 4 with a reactive layer 11 and geometrically shaped, insulating lateral separating elements, in which case the arrangement according to Figures 3 and 4 with wedge-shaped webs 8A, a continuous front occupancy 5 and a buckling arrangement 10 is provided as rear occupancy.

Sectional view of a protective surface 4 with a reactive layer 1 1 and geometrically shaped, damming separating elements, in which case the arrangement according to Figures 3 and 4A is provided with staffed / inclined (horizontal or vertical) damming webs 8B.

Sectional view of two protective surfaces 4 and 4A, respectively, with the reactive layer 11 and transition layers between the damming components and the explosive 7, with a front, transient transitional layer 13 between 5 and 7 at the top and an inner, lateral transitional layer 13A between 8 and 7 at the bottom ;

Sectional view of two protective surfaces 4 and 4A with the reactive layer 1 and accelerated, partial or full-surface front elements and a back to accelerating assignments 9 with a transition layer (11 B or 17 A) between 7 and 9, with a double assignment 17 and 17A accelerated above Elements and below an intermediate layer 16 between the two explosive surfaces 7A and 7A are shown; two examples of front partial surface coverings 4A and their attachment / arrangement on double-occupied explosive fields 7, 7A, above a partial surface coverage 5A with clamping strips / fastening strips / fasteners 15 and below an arrangement as above, but with (for example glued or vulcanized) sub-elements 5A and outer Cover layer / protective layer 14 are illustrated; a sectional view of two further protective arrangements with multilayer, reactively accelerated partial surface elements and lateral dams 8, wherein above a partial surface coverage of the reactive layer 11 by means of partial surfaces 5A and a spaced 8 (and possibly also fixed) planar front cover 5 and below an arrangement according to FIG 12, but with shorter internal dams 8 for allowing pressing of 5 and 5A, respectively, onto 7; a structure of a protective surface 4 according to the invention of explosive-applied fields 4A of the same or different construction and an outer damper / outer mounting frame 6; a further example of the construction of a protective surface 4 of explosive-coated fields 4A different size or different structure (for example, individually or in groups);

Structure and arrangement of a reactive protective surface / protective plane according to the invention with surfaces formed from reactive elements 4, wherein here a single-layer structure of the reactive protective surface 20 is shown from angled sub-elements 4; parallel reactive protective surfaces 21 (eg corresponding to Fig. 16); a double-layered, mirror-image arranged reactive protective surface 22 (for example, as shown in FIG. 16);

Protective surface / protection level / protection zone with louvered structure;

Fig. 20 protective structure with louvered upstream reactive protective surface

24, formed from the reactive protective surfaces 4 in combination with the likewise reactive surfaces 25 and / or 26 (above: faces 4, 25 and 26 at a greater distance from each other; bottom: the surfaces 4, 25 and 26 together form a combined protective layer);

Protection arrangement with two protective surfaces 4 with explosive fields 4A and inert / explosive-free fields 4B in checkerboard, complementary / overlapping occupation 27;

View of a protective arrangement with two protective surfaces 4 with explosive-filled fields strip 4A and inert / explosives-free fields 4B in strip-shaped, complementary occupancy 28; two examples for the construction of a reactive protective surface 4 with reactive surface elements 4A (above: double-layered, overlapping front damper by means of accelerated partial surfaces 29 and full-surface coating 5, bottom: double-layered overlapping front damper by means of accelerated partial surfaces 30 and a front cover layer / vulcanization layer 31);

Construction of two 90 ° offset reactive surfaces A and B with strip-like, single-layer coverage; two examples of the construction of a reactive protection 4 according to the invention with a double-reactive protective layer 11 E with inner separating layer 32 and double-layer / multilayer front and rear damming by means of accelerated part-surface elements 5A and 30; three examples of ignition aids (above: ignition assisting pyrotechnic layer 33 between 5 and 7; center: ignition assisting mechanical assembly 34 between 5 and 7; bottom: ignition assisting member (eg squib) 35 embedded in FIG. 7 (may also be integrated in FIG a special intermediate layer)), wherein in these examples a shock-transmitting or the detonation effect decreasing (scattering) layer 36 is provided between explosive and buckling assembly 10; and

27 shows three examples of protective surfaces with differently positioned additional protective layers, walls or containers (top: upstream layer 38, which is spaced from the reactive protective zone, center: construction as above, but with an additional layer between the reactive protection zone and the target 1; bottom: double-layered arrangement between the reactive layer and the target 1).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Fig. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of the basic structure of a protective device according to the invention with the object to be protected 1 and one of these upstream / upstream reactive protective surface 4 with the reactive sub-elements / sub-areas 4A containing the explosive fields 7 of the sub-fields 4A. The layer 4 or the fields 4A is / are externally dammed by the frame 6. For the external containment by 6, the same physical rules and constructive / systemic considerations apply as for the inner dams 8, which are explained below. At the same time, the frame 6 lends itself to the attachment of the protective surface 4 to the surface of FIG. Such a frame may also constitute an independent element into which one or more explosive-deposited layers can be introduced / inserted during assembly or in a modular construction. This makes it possible to equip the protective device with explosive only in case of need.

The reactive protective surface 4 is inclined relative to the threat, symbolized by the arrow 3, by the angle 2. About the inclination angle 2 have already been specified. The reactive middle layer 11 of the protective surface 4 (see Fig. 2) is provided either partially or over the entire surface both with front (facing the threat) and with rear coverings 5 and 9, respectively. The impending threat 3 ignites the corresponding / acted explosive field 7 and accelerates the components 5 and 9. It is a It is a particular feature of the present invention that, in spite of the small amounts of detonating explosives, it provides, in addition to a single-layer / single-layer back cover, both multi-layered / multi-layered covers and protective combinations with particular ballistic properties such as buckling plates or buckling assemblies 10 (see FIG Compared to conventional reactive protective structures are fully effective.

In Fig. 2, the basic structure of a reactive layer 1 1 is shown with the front and rear cover layers 1 1A and 1 1 B as part of the protective layer 4 with reactive, dammed surface elements 4A according to the invention. The layer denoted by 11 comprises both the explosive / explosive fields 7 with the inner baffles 8 (confinement between the explosive fields) as well as possibly provided front and / or rear covers / protective layers (1 1A and 1 1 B). These serve, for example, the protection of the layer 1 1 or the fields 4A in a modular design, in which such layers with the subfields 4A represent separately manageable components. Shown with is the upper outer cover / outer frame 6, which is integrated in this example in the layer 1 1. The layers 1 1A and 11 B should not represent independent assignments within the meaning of the components 5 or 9, but should be understood only as outer boundary layers of the explosive. Therefore, they are included in the drawings. In special cases, the layers 1 1A and 1 1B may be assigned special properties, as shown for example in FIG. 4A. With a modular construction, they can serve the mechanical stability of the layer 11. In the extreme case, they can also be regarded as the minimum containment of explosive fields 7. Likewise, the boundary layer 1 1A and / or 1 1 B on their physical properties affect the confinement of explosive field 7.

Fig. 3 shows a structure according to the invention with the pyrotechnic layer 1 1 and a front and a rear accelerated, areal cover 5 and 9, respectively. The right part of the figure shows the top view AA. In this view, the further Eindämmungen 8 A are shown, the functioning in the Do not match 8 but different dimensions or different properties (materials, structures) may have. This is intended to illustrate that the inner damming grid or the inner damming strips or other geometric arrangements can basically be made freely and largely independent of each other. You only need to meet the requirement for the smallest possible single field size with optimal functionality.

To reduce an energy transfer by shock waves in the neighboring fields, it may be appropriate to introduce 8 air gaps in the webs.

FIGS. 4A to 4C show three examples of a reactive surface element / protective layer protection layer 4 and 4A, respectively, and different reactive accelerated back (back, back) coverages. Thus, in the example of FIG. 4A, the back cover of the reactive layer 1 1 consists of a plate 9 to be accelerated. Between 9 and the explosive plane of 1 1 there is a covering layer 1 1 B. 1 1 B can be designed such that this component together with 9 gives a buckling arrangement. In the illustration in Fig. 4B, the back cover of the explosive-coated surface 7 consists of a previously known and applied for many years Beulplattenanordnung / Beulstruktur 10, consisting of the front plate 9, the rear plate 9A and a layer located between these plates (insert) 9B. Usually, the insert 9B is made approximately the same thickness as the cover plates. However, in the present example, the layer 9B is made thick relative to the front and back components to obtain a larger, dynamically generated distance between the accelerated layers 9 and 9A as the buckling assembly is accelerated by the detonating explosive 7. In this way it should be achieved that the rear parts of the penetrating shaped charge jet are disturbed over a longer period of time. In the case of a penetrating balance projectile, the plate 9B may be adapted across the thickness and material to effectively deflect such threats. As a guide to the thickness of the plate 9B can According to experience, about 0.5 to 0.7 times the diameter of the threat serve as a guideline.

For the following examples, the arrangements which are in principle to be counted to the bulge or Beulanordnungen, ie the components 9, 9A and 9B in a bulge-capable arrangement, summarized in Pos 10.

Fig. 4C shows an extension of the arrangement shown in Fig. 4B. The back cover of the explosive-coated surface 11 with the individual fields 7 takes place here by a reactively accelerated plate 9 and a buckling arrangement 10 spaced therefrom by an intermediate layer 35. The layer 35 can be assigned different properties. For example, this may have the mode of operation described in FIG. 4B for component 9B. But it can also consist of a special material or a polymeric material that has already proven itself many times to defend HL threats. Furthermore, 35 may be made of a structure such as a louvered or fabric-like structure, for example, to have particular cushioning properties or to optimally accelerate the subsequent buckling assembly 10 such that its effectiveness on the HL-beam also extends over a particularly long period of time , In the event of a threat from balancing missiles, such an accelerated arrangement 10 can achieve a similar effect to a homogeneous plate in that the threat can not penetrate the combination 10 and is deflected there by the temporal extension and thus the ultimate ballistic performance is decisively reduced.

In Fig. 5 to 7, the effectiveness of arrangements according to the invention is also shown. They illustrate the wide range of applications of reactive structures according to the construction described above with different reactive protection arrangements. At the same time, the serious differences to known reactive arrangements become visible. The illustrated examples can be extended as desired by the person skilled in the art, for example, the structures of the different, shown in the various figures Arranged arrangements in a meaningful way or combined so that optimal effects can be achieved.

The arrangements described in FIGS. 5 to 7 can also be modified, for example, by applying coatings on both sides of the layer 1 1 which are punched out as fields by the detonating explosive. Also, the explosive field on one side, on both sides or on all sides superior assignments or multi-layer, partial or full-surface assignments both in the front and in the rear area are equally applicable.

FIG. 5 shows the interaction of a protective surface (in this case based on the example of FIG. 4) with the reactive partial surfaces 4A with continuous / full-surface coverage on both sides by surfaces 5 and 9 to be accelerated. The detonation of the explosive field 7 accelerates both coating surfaces (5B or 9C) and thereby laterally touch the penetrating hollow charge jet 3. The reactive acceleration or the velocity of the accelerated components is symbolized by the arrows 12. In Fig. 5 to 7, the arrows are different in size and are thus intended to illustrate the different expected speeds for the various arrangements.

FIG. 6 shows the interaction of a protective surface 4 with segmented / partial coverage (partial area occupation) by means of the surface elements 4A of the front accelerated surfaces by the partial surfaces 5A and a continuous / full-surface rear coverage 10. FIG. 5C symbolizes the partial area 5A accelerated by the detonation of the explosive field 7 , The arrow 12 for the achieved speed is compared to Fig. 5 considerably larger, since not the occupation area of the non-detonating neighboring elements with accelerated or must be pulled. Although the invention is basically characterized by the assignment of the reactive surface 11 by means of the sub-fields 4A, but arrangements with accelerated faces 5A (alternatively or in combination with corresponding sub-fields on the back of 1 1) due to the very rapid acceleration and very high Plate speed especially against shaped charges very effective. FIG. 7 shows the interaction of a protective surface 4 with a continuous, full surface (full-area, planar) covering 5 to be punched out by the detonation of the explosive and a segmented occupancy (partial area occupancy) of the accelerated rear partial areas 9C and a further, surface-spreading partial area 41 (accelerated area 41A). In Fig. 23 such, cross-area occupancy is described in detail.

The final speed of the punched-out partial area 5D will be somewhat lower than in the example in FIG. 6, since energy must be applied to form the area, which is removed from the plate 5. However, according to all experience and simulation calculations, this proportion is considerably lower than the energy required to accelerate a co-accelerated environment. The energy required for punching can also be controlled by an appropriate choice of material of 9C, as well as by a Vorfragmentierung, for example, by linear embrittlement or by mechanical measures such as milled.

As a result of the arrangements described in FIGS. 6 and 7, much higher disturbing plate velocities are achieved in comparison to areal coverings and accordingly correspondingly higher protective powers. The example shown in Figure 5 is more comparable to conventional reactive protection arrangements in terms of speeds of the accelerated surfaces. However, the used and in particular the detonating explosive mass are much lower. Nevertheless, by means of arrangements according to the invention, comparable protection performances can be achieved because usually those with accelerated outer surface portions do not interact with the threat.

In Fig. 8, the schematic sectional view of a protective surface 4 with the reactive layer 1 1 and geometrically shaped, damming, lateral separating elements is shown. Illustrated by way of example is an arrangement according to FIGS. 3 and 4 with wedge-shaped webs 8A for the inner dam of a continuous front, full-surface covering 5 and a rear buckling arrangement 10. For 8A, any geometric shapes and also a plurality of Materials are used; in addition to steel, for example, light metal or plastic. The decisive factor is the assumption that the detonation does not spread to the neighboring field (s). The demand for inner condemnation makes it possible, within certain limits, to differentiate the effect due to the detonation of the explosive in both directions. In the example shown, contrary to the threat direction, a greater explosive effect than in the direction of the bellows arrangement or the target is to be expected.

Embodiments of the zone 1 1 not only allow a directional control of the explosive effect, but they can also contribute to a further reduction of the explosive to be used or detonated. This is of particular interest in connection with thicker explosive layers. Basically, it may be linear, rectangular or free designs of the explosive fields 7.

Fig. 9 shows a protective surface 4 with the reactive layer 11 and geometrically designed, employed / inclined damming separating elements. Shown are arrangements according to FIGS. 3 and 4A with (horizontal or vertical) damming webs 8B.

In Figs. 10 to 13 further embodiments of arrangements according to the invention are shown. Thus, Fig. 10 shows the sectional view of two protective surfaces 4 and 4A with the reactive layer 11 and transition layers between the damming components and the explosive 7. The upper partial image includes a front, surface transition layer 13 between 5 and 7. This layer 13 may accordingly the physical requirements of the shock wave passage (acoustic impedance) between 7 and 5 or 9 be designed. The lower partial image shows a corresponding inner, lateral transitional layer 13A between 8 and 7.

Fig. 11 shows the sectional view of two protective arrangements 4 and 4A with the reactive layer 1 1 and accelerated, partial or full-surface front Elements and a rear side to be accelerated assignment 9 with a transition layer (1 1 B or 17 A) between 7 and 9 (upper part of the picture). The lower part of the picture shows a double assignment 17 and 17A of the explosives field. An intermediate layer 16 may be located between the two explosive surfaces 7A and 7B as a separation or as a reaction layer, for example in the sense of initiating the two explosive components (compare FIG.

FIG. 12 shows two examples of front partial surface coverings 4A and their attachment / arrangement over here double-occupied explosive fields 7, 7A. In the upper part of the image area patch 5A with clamping strips / fastening strips / fastener 5 is fixed. The lower part of the figure shows a comparable arrangement, but with (for example, glued or vulcanized) sub-elements 5A and an outer cover layer 14. 14 may also be the wall of a container or housing or a carrier element (see Fig. 27).

13 shows the sectional view of two further examples with multilayer, reactively accelerated partial surface elements and lateral skins 8. In the upper partial image, partial surface coverage of the reactive layer 11 takes place by means of partial surfaces 5A and an areal front cover 5 (and possibly also fixed) The lower part of the drawing shows an arrangement according to Fig. 12, but with shorter inner compartments 8 to allow a pressing of 5 or 5A to 7. From the described geometric properties of protective surfaces according to the invention follows that the design of such reactive protective surfaces almost there are no limits. The protection can be adapted to any surface shape. Also, the design of a protective surface with different sub-elements is possible.

FIGS. 14 and 15 show two reactive protective surfaces with different partial surface fields. 14 shows an example of the structure of a protective layer 4 of explosive-applied panels 4A having the same or different structure and an outer damming / fixing frame 6. FIG. 15 shows a further example for the construction of a protective layer 4 of explosive-associated fields 4A of different size or of a different structure (for example, individually or in groups).

For protective surfaces according to the invention, the object to be protected is preceded in principle by a reactive protective arrangement, which is employed in the impact area of the threat with respect to its direction. The angular range of this inclination / employment is, as already explained, preferably between 30 ° and 45 °. However, it can be designed between 20 ° and 70 ° depending on the field size. The angle or angular range to be selected results from the expected speeds of the accelerated elements and the area of the object to be protected to be covered by a surface element.

This reactive protection arrangement may extend as a planar structure over the entire target surface, for example in the form of the protective surface 4 shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, or composed of a plurality of individual protective surfaces 4. Figs. 16 to 20 show examples thereof.

Thus, FIG. 16 shows an example of the structure of an arrangement of a reactive protective surface / protective plane according to the invention by means of a surface formed from reactive elements 4. This is a single-surface structure 20 of angled sub-elements. 4

FIG. 17 shows an example according to FIG. 16, but with parallel, reactive protective surfaces 21. A multiplicity of further arrangements and combinations of such partial surfaces 4 are conceivable which allow optimum adaptation to the object to be protected. Thus, FIG. 18 shows a further example of the structure and the arrangement of a reactive protective surface, formed from a double-layered construction of mirror-symmetrically arranged reactive protective surfaces 22 (for example corresponding to FIG. 16). In FIG. 19, the protective surface / protective plane / protection zone with the individual reactive protective components 4 has a louver-like structure 23. This makes it possible to achieve complete coverage of the target surface without inert weak points, illustrated by the two arrows symbolizing the impending threat (see also FIG. 20).

In Fig. 20, two further examples are shown. These are protective structures with louvered, upstream reactive protective surfaces 24, formed from the reactive protective surfaces 4 in combination with the likewise reactive surfaces 25 and / or 26 to achieve a secure degree of coverage and thus a secure performance depletion regardless of the location of the threat. In the upper part of the image, the partial surfaces 4, 25 and 26 have a greater distance from each other, in the lower part of the image forms the partial surfaces 4, 25 and 26 together a combined protective structure.

It is a particular merit of the reactive patches that they can be optimally combined in multilayer arrangements. As a result, the use of reactive protective surfaces with a particularly low explosive content or a low explosive occupancy is possible. Thus, Fig. 21 shows the schematic view of a protective arrangement with two protective layers 4 with explosive fields 4A and inert / explosive-free fields 4B in checkerboard, complementary / overlapping occupation 27. In this way, a full coverage of the surface is achieved with explosive surfaces, the reactive fields are surrounded by inert fields.

A further example is shown in FIG. 22. This is a protective arrangement with two protective layers 4 with explosive-coated strips 4A and inert / explosive-free strips 4B in strip-like, complementary covering 28. Since the reactive occupied subfields 4A of the present invention in comparison to conventional reactive armor can be extremely small, the importance of marginal hits or near-edge hits grows. Depending on the range of application, it is therefore advantageous for the sheets or surfaces to be accelerated to be accelerated in terms of their design and even to hits in the edge region vote. This is done in a particularly simple manner in that both accelerated components in the size of individual fields can be used as well as assignments with a larger area. However, these should be such that they do not cause any significant reduction in speed.

Fig. 23 shows two examples of the construction of a reactive protective layer 4 having reactive surface elements 4A with overlapping covers of the respective explosive fields. In the upper part of a double-layer, overlapping front damming by means of accelerated partial surfaces 29 and 5 full occupancy is shown. The lower partial image is a double-layered, overlapping front damming by means of accelerated partial surfaces 30 and a front cover layer / vulcanization layer 31 as well as a rear partial surface 9E which clearly projects beyond the field 4A.

Fig. 24 shows further typical examples of the arrangement of arrangements according to the invention. Shown is the schematic sectional view of two examples for the construction of a reactive protection 4 with a double-reactive protective layer (denoted by 1 1 E in analogy to FIG. 1) and a relatively thick inner layer in relation to a pure separating layer (compare FIG Separation layer 32 (upper part of the picture) or a particularly highly formed separating layer 32 (lower partial image) and double-layer / multilayer front and rear damming by means of accelerating, part-surface elements 5A and 30, both of which project beyond the surface of the explosive 7.

Such massive components between the explosive surfaces 7 and 7A serve even better insulation of the explosive. Because massive limitations dam the detonating explosive more efficient than the self-containment of the explosive itself. By such arrangements very thin explosive fields in the order of about 1, 5 to 3 mm can be realized, while still a secure ignition occurs.

For application-specific reasons and with a view to the safest possible handling, the use of inert explosives is an advantage. Their ignition through however, the oncoming threat must be ensured. The assistance of the ignition can be carried out, for example, by means of different aids, which are shown in FIG. Shown are three examples of ignition aids. In the upper part of an ignition-assisting pyrotechnic layer 33 is provided between 5 and 7. In the middle partial image, the device supporting the ignition consists of a mechanical arrangement 34 between 5 and 7. In the lower partial image, the ignition-supporting element (for example the squib) 35 is embedded in the explosive 7. However, such ignition elements can also be integrated in FIG. 5 or be located in a special, independent intermediate layer. The ignition elements, for example, to improve the handling safety modular, ie trained on and dismountable. Also shown in these examples is a shock wave transmitting or detonating effect reducing (diffusing) layer 36 which, unlike the example shown in Figure 4C, is spaced from the explosive.

Fig. 26 shows a structure of two offset by 90 ° reactive surfaces A and B with strip-shaped, single-layer occupancies. The fields for receiving the explosive are here completely or partially milled into the plates. It should be noted at this point that the explosive fields need not be square, but may have any desired contour. It only has to be ensured that a sufficiently large area is accelerated by the corresponding explosives field.

To characterize the invention, examples of arrangements have been shown that are designed without regard to the supporting elements, the fasteners and other components such as housing or other walls. However, it can be advantageous for the overall system if such elements contribute to the overall protective effect. Fig. 27 shows three examples of protective structures with differently positioned, additional protective layers, walls or containers. The upper part of the picture shows an upstream layer 38 which is at a distance from the reactive protection zone. In the middle part of the figure, a structure is as shown above, but with an additional layer 39 between the reactive protection zone and the target 1 Such means between the reactive surface 4 and the target surface may contribute to the disturbed beam of a shaped charge when penetrating the plate 39 undergoes further lateral forces and thereby deflected laterally more efficient. As a result, for example, with the same protection performance, the distance S between the reactive zone and the target can be shortened. The lower part of the picture shows a further design option with the lowest possible target depth. Shown is a double-layer arrangement with the components 39 and 40 between the reactive plane 4 and the target 1. The end-ballistic properties of the plate 40 can be estimated by means of already existing results with inert targets against the different threats and the plate 40 can be designed accordingly.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

 1 object / target to be protected

2 angles between threat direction and reactive protection arrangement

3 threat / threat direction

 4 protection arrangement / protection surface, formed from the individual fields 4A

4A reactive protective field / reactive subfield / reactive partial surface

 4B inert partial surface

5 front cover / protective plate / carrier plate or front,

 Threat side reactively accelerated plate

 5A front partial area occupancy (corresponding to 5)

 5B reactively accelerated plate 5

 5C reactively accelerated plate 5A

FIG. 5D is a partial area of FIG. 5 punched out by the detonation

 5E reactively accelerated (the web 8) partially covering partial area

6 outer barrier / outer layer / outer boundary of 4 or 4A

7 explosive field / pyrotechnic element / pyrotechnic zone

7A front explosive field / front pyrotechnic element (at

 Double occupancy)

 7B rear explosive field / rear pyrotechnic element (at

 Double occupancy)

 8 Internal insulation between the explosive fields / separating layer

8A geometric interior insulation between the explosive fields 8B Angled / Employed Horizontal (or Vertical) Inner Barrier

FIG. 9 shows the rear, reactively accelerated cover of FIGS. 4 and 4A, respectively. FIG. 9A shows the second rear reactively accelerated plate of FIGS. 4 and 4A, respectively

 9B layer between 9 and 9A

9C element to be accelerated / plate to be accelerated 9

9D accelerated element 9C

 9E explosive field with the inner damming of overlapping partial area

10 Bump plate / buckle combination / buckling arrangement (formed from 9, 9A and 9B)

11 middle layer / reactive zone / reactive surface / reactive surface element 11 A front cover / front cover layer of 11

 11 B back cover / back cover of 11

 11 C reactively accelerated element 11 C

 11 D reactively accelerated element 11 C

 11 E double-reactive layer

12 speed arrow

 13 intermediate layer between 5 and 7

 13A lateral confinement layer of FIG. 7 in conjunction with FIG

 14 outer cover layer / vulcanization layer / explosive cover

15 retaining strips / fastener / clamping element / force or

 positive locking

 16 separating layer / intermediate layer between 7A and 7B

 16A reactively accelerated component of 4A / reactively accelerated face

17 intermediate layer between 7 and 16A

 18 distance between 5 and 5A

19 Frame / outer boundary of the protective surface 4

 20 reactive protection zone with angled single fields 4A

 21 reactive protection zone formed by two parallel protective elements

 according to 20

 22 reactive protection zone with two mirrored protective elements according to 20

 23 reactive blind, formed from the elements 4 and 4A

 24 reactive blind, formed of different elements 4 and 4A

25 front reactive blind element, formed from elements corresponding to 4A 26 rear reactive blind element, formed from elements corresponding to 4A

 27 checkerboard occupancy of the areas 4 with explosive fields 4A and inert fields

28 strip-shaped arrangement of explosive fields according to FIG. 4

 29 front / threat side part cover

 30 reactively accelerated rear partial surface element (explosive field 7

 overlapping)

 31 outer cover / cover film

32 separating plate / carrier plate

 33 planar ignition aid

 34 mechanical ignition aid

 35 local / pill-like ignition aid

 36 shift between 7 and 10

37 protection zone according to the invention with (here three) explosive-coated strip elements

37A second reactive element rotated 90 ° from 37

 38 sheet steel / front housing wall / Vorziel

 39 protective element positioned in front of 1 / rear housing wall

39A jalousie-like deflection layer / shock reduction layer

 40 shift

 41 second, rear reactive accelerated (overlapping) face

Claims

Reactive protection arrangement for the protection of stationary or moving objects (1) against threats (3) by shaped charges, projectile-forming charges or balancing projectiles, which is attached or attachable to a side of the object (1) facing the threat (3) at least one protective surface (4) arranged at an angle of inclination (2) with respect to the direction of the threat, wherein the protective surface (4) faces a front cover (5) facing the threat (3), one facing away from the threat (3) and the front cover (5). spaced back cover (9, 10) and at least one stationary or movable reactive middle layer (11) between the front cover (5) and the rear cover (9, 10), wherein the at least one reactive middle layer (11) at least two reactive faces (4A) each having at least one explosive field (7) and wherein the reactive partial areas (4A) of the at least one reactive middle layer (FIG. 11) are dammed on all sides.

Protection arrangement according to claim 1,

characterized in that

the reactive partial areas (4A) of the at least one reactive middle layer (11) are laterally dammed by means of separating layers (8).

Protection arrangement according to claim 1 or 2,

characterized in that

the rear cover (9, 10) has a buckling arrangement (10).

Protection arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the at least one reactive middle layer (11) is provided on one or both sides with a cover layer (11A, 11B).

5. Protection arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

 the reactive partial surfaces (4A) of the at least one reactive middle layer (11) have at least two layers with explosive fields (7A, 7B) which are laterally dished on all sides.

6. Protection arrangement according to claim 5,

 characterized in that

 between the explosive fields (7A, 7B) of two layers of the reactive partial surfaces (4A) an intermediate layer (16) is arranged.

7. Protection arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

 characterized in that

 a surface coverage of the at least one protective surface (4) with dammed reactive partial surfaces (4A) is about 50% to about 100%.

8. Protection arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

 characterized in that

 the angle of inclination (2) between the at least one protective surface (4) and the direction of the threat is in the range of approximately 30 ° to approximately 70 °.

9. Protection arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

 characterized in that

 a protective thickness of an explosive field (7, 7A, 7B) in the direction of the threat is in the range of about 10 mm to about 14 mm.

10. Protection arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

 characterized in that

 between the reactive middle layer (1 1) and the rear cover (9, 10) an intermediate layer (36) is arranged.

11. Protection arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that the damming separating layers (8) of the at least one reactive middle layer (11) have geometrically shaped or inclined separating elements (8A, 8B).

12. Protection arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

 characterized in that

 a boundary layer (13) for influencing the boundary layer reflections is arranged at least partially between a reactive partial area (4A) and a separating layer (8) which dusts laterally.

13. Protection arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

 characterized in that

 the reactive partial surfaces (4A) of the at least one protective surface (4) are substantially arranged in a checkerboard or strip pattern.

14. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 13,

 characterized in that

 the protective arrangement comprises at least two protective surfaces (4) arranged one behind the other in the direction of threat, with strip-shaped reactive partial surfaces (4A), wherein the strips of the reactive partial surfaces of a rear protective surface are offset relative to the strips of the reactive partial surfaces of a front protective surface.

15. Protection arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 13,

 characterized in that

 the protective arrangement has at least two protective surfaces (4) arranged one behind the other in the direction of the threat, with checkered board-like reactive partial surfaces (4A), the reactive partial surfaces of a rear protective surface being substantially offset from the reactive partial surfaces of a front protective surface.

16. Protection arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

 characterized in that

several protective surfaces (4) are arranged like a jalous.

17. Protection arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

 a plurality of protective surfaces (4) are arranged at an angle to each other.

18. Protection arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

 characterized in that

 between the at least one protective surface (4) and the object to be protected (1) an additional layer (39, 40) for disturbing a (residual) threat (3) penetrating the at least one protective surface (4) with or without distance to the object to be protected Object (1) and / or to the at least one protective surface (4) is arranged.

19. Protection arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

 characterized in that

 the at least one protective surface (4) is movably arranged.

20. Protection arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

 characterized in that

 the reactive partial surfaces (4A) of the at least one middle layer (11) are exchangeable.

21. Protection arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

 characterized in that

 the reactive partial surfaces (4A) of the at least one middle layer (11) are rotatable or adjustable in their inclination.

22. Protection arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

 characterized in that

 the reactive partial surfaces (4A) and / or the explosive fields (7) are pyrotechnically linked to one another.

23. Protection arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that the at least one protective surface (4) has an envelope or a housing.

24. Protection arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

 characterized in that

 the explosive fields (7) are provided with a pyrotechnic or mechanical ignition aid.

25. Protection arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

 characterized in that

 the front and / or the rear cover (5, 9, 10) are at least partially thermally and / or mechanically treated on their sides facing the at least one reactive middle layer (11).

26. Protection arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

 characterized in that

 the front cover (5) consists essentially of a material which, due to its thickness and / or its mechanical properties, is punched out during the detonation of the explosive essentially in accordance with the size of the reactive partial surface (4A).

27. Protection arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

 characterized in that

 the at least one protective surface (4) forms a modular unit.

28. Protection arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

 characterized in that

 the at least one protective surface (4) has a covering layer (31) on its front side and / or its rear side.

29. Protection arrangement according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that the front and / or the rear cover (5, 9, 10) are connected to the at least one reactive middle layer (1 1) by means of a screw connection, an adhesive connection and / or a vulcanization.